Newspaper Page Text
6
NEWS OF 3 STATES.
HAPPENINGS IN GEORGIA, FLORIDA
AND SOLTH ( AROLI.VA.
State School Commissioner Glenn is
investigating the disappearance of
some examination questions which
were sent out from him to county
school commissioners several months
ago. The package which was sent to
Heard county was never delivered to
the county school commissioner, and
when returned to Atlanta it was found
that the package had been opened and
ten of the papers removed. In Liberty
county the papers also got out by some
way unknown to the county school
commissioner. There nre reports front
Bibb county which also state that
questions were out in that county.
A MYSTERIOUS DAM.
The construction of a dam half way
across the Chattahoochee river at a
point seven miles below Hoswell has
excited considerable comment in that
locality, particularly as no one appar
ently knows by whom the dam is being
constructed or to what use it will be
put. Some miles below Roswell a com
pany in which Mr. A. E. Thornton, of
Atlanta, is interested, owns property
on the river side. The company's land
is divided by about 100 feet of property
in front of which there is an island.
It is said to be from that property to
the island that the dam is being con
structed. The Georgia Electric Light
Company also owns property in that
section, but the officers of that cor
poration declare that they know noth
ing whatever about the dam. The dam
is said to be well constructed and its
piogress is being watched with inter-
est.
FUGITIVE CRIMINAL, LOCATED.
Will Miller, the negro who shot and
killed Mr. Norwood Clarke near Bir
mingham, Ala., last fall, has been lo
cated this week at Milledgeville, Ga.
As soon as Mr. Jos. W. Clarke can se
cure the necessary requisition papers
the negro will be carried to Alabama
and tried for the crime with which he
stands charged, and it is not anticipat
ed that any difficulty will be experi
enced in securing his conviction. After
the commission of the crime Miller es
caped and went to Milledgeville, where
he went under an assumed name, and
where he was lately apprehended and
sentenced to the chain-gang for anoth
er offense. His wife recently confessed
that her husband's name was Will Mil
ler, and that it was he who fired the
fatal shot which ended Norwood
Clarke’s life.
FLORIDA.
The Lakeland Strawberry Union has
given out a contract for the building
of 300 strawberry refrigerators. This
is made necessary by the increased de
mand for refrigerators for the coming
season. Many thousands of dollars
were brought into the community from
te strawberry crop of the past season,
and the acreage for the next season
will be very largely Increased.
ANIMATED CHECKERS.
Quite a novel game of checkers is
to take place shortly at Leesburg for
the benefit of a local church. Mr. J.
T. Price and a suitable opponent, not
yet selected, will be the players. A
plat of ground will be laid off and the
pieces will be represented, so said, by
twelve of the prettiest young ladies in
this section on one side and the twelve
on the other side by boys. An admis
sion fee will be charged and refresh
ments will be sold to increase the
amount realized from admission. It
promises to be quite interesting.
FLORIDA Oil. LAND SOLD.
Albcrtus Vogt of Dunnellon informs
the Ocala Star that he has just closed
a deal and got the cash for some of
his and Capt. S. R. Pyles' oil lands. He
sold to Gaston Drake of St. Louis and
his brother, T. P. Drake, of Yalaha.
Fla., a 48 per cent, interest in a tract
of Marion county oil land for $12,834.
The sale was made on the analysis of
Chemist F. T. Schreiber of Ocala, ver
ified and substantiated by the Univers
ity of Chicago, Princeton University
and Cornell University of Utica, N. Y.
It is thought that the company will
soon begin putting down a well to de
termine for till time whether or not ell
exists in paying quantities in that sec
tion of Florida.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Florence News: Rainey Cooper, col
ored. the pumper at the Jeffrey's creek
station, handled an old musket care
lessly yesterday afternoon and shot a
part of his rigtt arm away. He caught
the muzzle of the gun and started to
place it in a corner, when the hammer
struck a block of wood. The load of
•shot entered above the wrist, tearing
through to the elbow and making a
fearful wound. Dr. Gregg, who was
summoned, carried the old man to the
A. C. L. Hospital and dressed the
wound. It bled profusely. Cooper used
to drive Burch's milk wagon, and is a
well known and good old man.
A GEOLOGIC AL SURVEY.
Columbia State: Messrs. F. H. Coth
ran, H. S. Rogers, Odell Reaburn, J.
A. Crawford, J. \V. Inglesby, A. Sa
gravio and C. K. Lindsay, from the
United States Geological Survey, have
•arrived here. Exactly what they pro
pose to do in this part of the country
is not yet known, for none of them
could be seen last night. It is und?r
stood that tho' have about a month's
work ahead of them in tills immedi
ate vicinity. Yesterday morning their
wagons and camping outfits arrived,
and they went out into the country
and pitched camp before they could be
seen. It is understood that the party
has considerable important work to be
done around Columbia.
FHOBAIILE SOUTHEASTERN' SEE.
Charleston Post: Charleston will
probably be made the see of the arch
episcopal province of the Episcopal
Church, which, It is proposed, to es
tablish at the triennial convention of
the Episcopal Church next October at
San Francisco, Cal'. The church has
grown too large for the present system
of government and it is proposed to
create a number of provinces and re
organize the general system which now
prevails. The matter has been discuss
ed by the prominent Bishops and men
of the Episcopal Church and the idea
seems to have taken well, and will
doubtless be put ipto effect, as propos
ed. The present system prevents at
tention being given to many matters of
details, which could he attended to un
der the provinces system. It is argued
that if the country were divided into
provinces, each could hold Its triennial
convention, bringing the general in
terests into convention only once in a
decade. The churchmen are getting
tired of the long trips over the coun
try to attend the conventions, and the
new system commends Itself especially
on account of it doing away with the
long travel which now prevails.
—F. Wellington Ruckstuhl, the well
known St. Louie sculptor and secreta
ry of the National Society of Sculptors,
has been appointed a director of sculp
ture of the Louisiana Purchase Expo
sition.
CHARLESTON'S BLIND TIGERS.
Tno Squads of Stale Constables Keep
rh"ni Moving.
Charleston, S. C., Aug. 4.—There has
been so much said and written regard
ing Charleston's official attitude in re
gard to the blind tigers that it seems
| about time that someone should ex
| plain the situation which really does
j obtain here. The impression which has
I gained considerable currency through
| the country press and through sensa
tional specials which have been sent
out of Charleston, is to the effect that
Charleston is overrun now by illicit
dealers in liquor, and that her munic
ipal authorities are standing aloof and
refusing absolutely to make any effort
to suppress this traffic. This is. of
course, absurd on the face of it.
When the state board of directors at
tempted to withhold from •'the city of
Charleston her share of the profits
which would accrue from the dispens
ary Mayor Smythe determined to with
draw three men that he had specially
delegated to act in the capacity of
whisky constables. He did this not
from any animosity or with any pur
pose to give the blind tigers a free
hand, but merely with the view of plac
ing his force in better shape to lend
whatever assistance the representatives
of the state might need. It will be un
derstood that under the direction of the
state.board of directors there are now
in Charleston two large raiding squads
of state constables, who devote them
selves exclusively to “pulling” the il
licit dealers in liquor. Neither of these
squads can well perform its function
properly unless accompanied and as
sisted by a detail from the Charleston
police department. Under the arrange
ments which Mayor Smythe has made
now', he always has at the disposal of
the state authorities the officers who
formerly devoted themselves to raiding,
as a guard. Between these two raid
ing squads, one under the leadership
of Chief Constable Howie, and the
other under the direction of Chief Con
stable LaFar, the greatest rivalry ex
ists. The point has been made as to
which of them was doing, and was cap
able of doing, the best work in sup
pressing the illegal traffic in liquor
here, and upon the results which they
achieve depends the maintenance of
one or the other of them in the city.
The natural consequence is that both
are indefatigable in their efforts to de
tect the violations' of the dispensary
law, and to turn tnto the state authori
ties the greatest possible amount of
illicit liquor. They are harrying the
blind tigers morning, noon and night,
until those poor beasts have no place
to turn for comfort. The sensational
statement which has been made to the
effect that Charleston is overrun now
by them is simply absurd, and the in
dignation into which the country news
papers of South Carolina have lashed
themselves in the light of this revela
tion is also simply absurd.
NATIONAL LEAGUE.
Hard Fought Gallic.
Cincinnati, Aug. 4—To-day's game
was one of the hardest fought con
tests of the season. Both sides did
considerable wrangling with the um
pire, which seemed to add to the inter
est. Both Poole and Hahn were hit
hard in the opening inning but settled
down after that. Beaumont's clever
bunting was responsible for the visi
tors’ victory. Attendance 8,200. Score:
R.H.E
Cincinnati 30000000 o—3 6 1
Pittsburg 300001 02 o—6 10 2
Batteries—Hahn and Bergen; Poole
and O'Connor.
Ilrown* ttrat Chicago.
Chicago, Aug. 4.—Chicago bunched
four hits off Sudhoff in the fifth, which
was about all they could do with him.
After two outs in the third, Padden
walked, McGann’s fly that should have
been captured by either Green or
Chance, fell between them and went
for a triple, Donovan following with a
double. Another pass, a sacrifice and
four successive singles gave St. Louis
two runs in the ninth. Attendance
6,900. Score: R.H.E.
Chicago 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 o—3 10 1
St. Louis 0 0200000 2—4 11 0
Ratteries —Waddell and Kahoe; Sud
hoff and Ryan.
AMERICAN LEAGUE.
Chicago Rent* Cleveland.
Chicago. Aug. 4.—The locals won to
day's game by bunching hits with er
rors and bases on balls. Three errors
and two singles gave (fie visitors the
majority of their runs. Attendance,
11,000. Score; R.H.E.
Chicago 3010 00 4 1 x—9 9 4
Cleveland 00004010 o—s 6 4
Batteries: Griffith and Sullivan;
Dowling and Connor.
Detroit Twice Defeated.
Milwaukee, Aug. 4.—Milwaukee de
feated Detroit twice this afternoon.
The first game was a pitchers' battle
and took eleven innings to decide. Duf
fy won the game in the eleventh with
a long drive for three bases, scoring a
moment later on Friel’s fly to center.
In the second gam" the home team had
a batting streak in the fourth, knock
ing Cronin out of the box and scoring
ten runs. Attendance 6.500. Score:
First Game — R.H.E.
Milwaulte ...1 000020000 I—4 8 3
Detroit 2 000010000 o—3 8 4
Batteries—Garvin and Donahue;
Yaeger and Shaw.
Second Game— R.H.E.
Milwke .. 000 10 0001 x—ll 11 4
Detroit ...0 10100200—4 9 6
Batteries —Hawley and Maloney;
Cronin. Sievers and Shaw.
Sotilli*r
At. Shreveport—Nashville 6; Shreve
port 4.
At Memphis—Memphis 10; Selma 2.
—"What Is a fort?" asked o teacher. “A
place to put men in," was the answer.
"What is a fortress, then?" The answer
was prompt: "A place to put women in.”—
Tit-Bits.
■ 1
FREE CTS -
My newest book, "Manliness. Vigor and
Health,” should be in the hands of every
suan. young and old. in the United States.
iUX>D, STIUC
BLOOD POIS ’
J.Newton Hathaway,M.D ,£>l,s SE *'
UttINAKY and
BLADDBH COMPLAINTS, etc., and Is
full of plain solid facts that every man
should know Do not give up ali hope
and think yourself Incurable because you
have tried other treatments In vain. Send
for my book and rend It carefully; || will
give you a clear understanding of your
condition nnd show you a way to n per
fect cure nnd full restoration to health
and happiness. This book, with complete
symptom blanks, will be sent, free, In
plain, sealed envelope to any address.
J. NEWTON HATHAWAT, Vt D.
ttA Bryan street. Savannah, Ga,
Office Hours—o a. m to 12 m., 2 to 6.
fie p. m. Sundays, 10 a. iu. to 1 p. m.
THE MORNING NEWS: MONDAY, AUGUST 5. 1901.
THE FARM AND THE GARDEN.
MATTERS OF INTEREST TO HO( BE
NVIFE AND AGRICULTURALIST.
Stable Manure anti Cotton Seed Meal.
.Nitrate of Soda—Potato Beetle*.
Growing Tarnlpa—About Nonna
Turkey*—Poultry Note*.
"J. H. P..” Biscayne. Fla.: Would it
be any advantage to compost stable
manure and cottonseed meal. What
would I gain by it?
How is the best way to use nitrate
of soda on tomatoes and egg-plants?
There Is nothing to be gained by
mixing stable manure and cottonseed
meal, as both are nitrogeneous materi
als. though the latter is very much
richer in nitrogen (or ammonia) than
the former. Poor stable manure should
alw'ays be hauled out and distributed
broadcast, but rich stable manure can
be composted with acid phosphate to
advantage, oftentimes before applying.
While cottonseed meal is chiefly val
ued for its nitrogen (or ammonia) still
it has an appreciable amount of phos
phoric acid and potash besides, but it
is made a more complete fertiliezr by
mixing it with acid phosphate—one
part cottonseed meal to two or three
parts of acid phospjiate. To make a
still more complete fertilizer one part
of kainit is also added to the mixture.
Intelligent experience long ago decid
ed that the best way to use stable ma
nure is to haul it out in the winter or
spring and spread it broadcast. It is
not worth* much handling w'hich com
posting requires.
Cottonseed meal is usually applied in
the furrows and oftentimes Just by it
self, but as a rule, it is better to mix
with acid phosphate by itself or with
acid phosphate and kainit.
Nitrate of soda is usually applied
broadcast after the crop has been
planted and on thin land after the crop
is well started.
For tomatoes and egg-plant a small
handful is-sprinkled evenly about each
plant after it has been set out two or
three weeks. This is a very quickly
acting fertilizer. When used on lgiht
sandy soil the first rain that falls on
it dissolves it and carries it down into
the soil. It is wasteful to apply it be
fore the crop is planted. For plants
such as named it should be sprinkled
about each one twenty or twenty-four
inches in every direction, using about
100 pounds to the acre. It supplies only
nitrogen. It is always in order to mix
it with some material rich in phosphate
and potash.
By itself it makes only stalk or bush
if the land is destitute of the necessary
mineral elements—potash and phos
phoric acid.
Pctnto Hectics: Hon to Figlit Them.
“Subscriber,” Ivy, Ga.—The bug sent
is the true Colorado potato beetle. Tts
principal sf>od is the Irish potato and
eggplant. We have not seen it on any
other garden plant.
This beetle has been a long time in
getting down into Georgia, but it is
here at last, and it will stay for a good
long time, no doubt. This Is its second
year in Middle Georgia, appearing in
injurious numbers for the first time In
1900.
From now on it will be idle for any
one to plant Irish potatoes without at
the same time providing the necessary
means for preventing its damages.
The first brood appears along in
March or early in April, just after the
first planting of potatoes come up. This
brood is comparatively few in numbers
and can ho exterminated quite easily
by handpicking. But the bugs will
beek a-ooming. Soon after the first
brood appears egg-laying begins. These
are deposited always on the underside
of the leaf. Their destruction is te
dious, of course.
The most effective remedy has been
found to bo paris green, applied either
wet or dry —that is, in water solution
or mixed with flour or lime.
Experience at’ the North has shown
that as a remedy for blight has also
to be used. It is best to combine the
two remedies and use at the same
time. So the paris green is added to
the "Bordeau mixture"—the great pre
ventive of blight and sprayeiuipon the
foliage.
We have given the formula several
times in this column, but we repeat it
again for "Subscriber’s” benefit. He
should preserve it for use next
spring.
Bordeaux Mixture.
To make 50 gallons. 6 pounds of cop
per sulphate tbluestone) Is dissolved in
8 or 10 gallons of water. In another
vessel slake 4 pounds of fresh lime into
a creamy whitewash.
Then pour the lime mixture slowly
into the bluestone solution, stirring as
it is done.
Into a big barrel put the combined
mixture and add water sufficient to
make 50 (or 45) gallons.
This is only good for disease of
plants. When 2 to 4 ounces of paris
grepn is added to the 50 (or 45) gal
lons of Bordeaux mixture, it becomes
also a remedy against any biting in
sects, such as potato bugs, etc.
When used by itself for potato bugs
it is generally in proportion of 1 pound
of poison to 200 gallons of water. It
does not dissolve in the water, but is
merely held in "suspension,” so it is
necessary to keep It constantly stirred
when applying it to plants.
To a small patch of potatoes it can
be applied with a whisk broom or a
bunch of pine tops, but when used on
extended areas a sprayer will have to
be used.
Of these various kinds are on the
market, but we cannot say which is
the best.
Every one that would grow potatoes,
tomatoes, eggplants, etc., successfully
will have to study up on this question.
Under the title of "Important In
secticides" the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture has issued Bulle
tin No. 127, which gives all the neces
sary information concerning the mat
ter.
Any one can secure it by making ap
plication to the Secretary of Agricul
ture at Washington.
It requires intelligent effort nowa
days to protect many of our crops from
disease and insects. The unexpected
is constantly happening.
Dignity of Agriculture.
Within recent years it has come to be
acknowledged that the vocation of the
farmer is the most dignified of all the
l sciences, and as an art it Is excelled
■ only by those of painting and archltec
-1 ture, says the Southern Farm Maga
i zine. In its highest forms it is the
! most learned of all the professions. A
! knowledge of geology and chemistry
apd their relations to the soils lies at
: tlie very foundation of scientific agri
culture. The problems that arise from
j the complex nature of the soils and
! their origin require the best thought
I of the best minds' to solve. More ed
| ucated young men should be farmers.
Agriculture opens a wide field leading
I to influence und power, one. too. that
Is not tilled to repletion. It holds forth
the most splendid promises for young
j men of ambition. It is tilled with liber
alizing tendencies, a noble conserva
tion and the most healthful and in
vigorating influences. The day Is not
i far distant when agriculture will at-
I tract men of the largest capacity and
I the highest executive ability, and bn
regarded as the greatest of all the pro
fessions. Let any one who is familiar
with what agriculture was a hundred
years ago compare its condition then
with what it is to-day, and he will
search in vain for the same proportion
ate elevation and progress among its
followers in any branch of human in
dustry. Many of those engaged in ag
riculture now are men of high elevation
and broad reading. Many of them
have extensive and valuable libraries,
and take numerous journals devoted to
(heir business. Agriculture moves
along in its own quiet, dignified but ir
resistible way. It has no booms, so to
speak, but it gathers strength with
each decade and with every accession
of knowledge, and will forever be the
most important branch of human in
dustry and the greatest necessity for
the human race.
If the young men who are measur
ing tape and laces would surrender
their work to the young girls who are
seeking employment and turn their at
tention to the pursuits of agriculture
there would be less misery and more
contentment in the land; there would
be more independence and less servil
ity; more men and fewer creatures;
more happy wives with comfortable
homes, healthful children and cheerful
tempers. A woman surrounded by all
the active agencies of a well-kept farm
and living in a beautiful country home
"with fountains and flowers and sw r eet
evergreens.” has those environments
that develop the sweetest graces and
highest impulses of her nature, and
make her virtues shine resplendent
above the world of frivolity and fash
ion. She becomes a true woman, the
happiest of wives and the best of
mothers. Such a home and such a wife
realizes our highest ideals of human
happiness. It is a home where intelli
gence reigns and ennobles work, and
work crowns intelligence with honor
and profit.
A young man who is in search of
an easy place, with no responsibility,
will never be a master and will never
control others. He who selects a vo
cation because it is easy is already
effeminate.
The Kind of Market That I* Profita
ble.
After quite a long experience in fruit
and vegetable growing, I am satisfied
there is a kind of gardening that pays
and a kind that does not pay, says W.
H. Jenkins in Southern Rural. I know
of no other business in which the inex
perienced are more likely to fail. Es
pecially is this true when one is obliged
to sell in a market where there is much
competition. The markets now are gen
erally well supplied, and only that
which is of the best quality brings a
price that is remunerative to the grow
er To grow fruits and vegetables of
the best quality requires skill. All de
pends on the manner in which the work
is done. One may work the whole year
—as I have found by experience—and
• get no returns for his labor. The gard
ener must acquire a reputation of hav
ing the goods, and so long as he
maintains this reputation his success
is assured.
The above has been proved by an ex
perience this season. One of my main
money crops is celery. This I grow by
a method very similar to the one which
has been called the “newest celery cul
ture.” The celery was planted on very
rich ground, in rows, with alternate
spaces between them of twelve and
eighteen inches. After the celery had
grown a few inches high a mulch of
manure was placed in the eighteen
inch space, and the blanching boards
were set up when the celery was about
1 foot high, so that the rows that were
12 inches apart were between the
boards, thus hoarding two rows to
gether, but keeping the boards apart,
so they would not cover the plants un
til they have grown above the boards,
which were about 18 inches wide. The
field of celery was irrigated by pouring
the water on the mulch of manure be
tween the rows with the hose. The
plants on a part of the field have grown
more than three feet high, and some
oi them with roots on weighed eight
pounds.
I grow the White Plume and Golden
Self-blanching by this method, and the
large, well-balanced bunches sell very
readily for 50 to 60 cents a dozen. My
salesman, who goes on the road for
me, tells me that there is no competi
tion on such goods, and the price is not
questioned.
Because of lack of help to do the
work a small portion of the field was
not mulched and irrigated, and the
season being very dry the celery made
so small a growth that it was hardly
marketable at any price. The only dif
ference in the culture was in the
mulching and irrigation. This cost
about $35 an acre, and by expending
this additional amount a field of celery
was made to pay a good profit that
would not have paid the expense of
growing without the mulching and ir
rigation.
Strawberries are another one of my
noneycrops. By planting the varieties
that are the most marketable and the
best adapted to my soil on rich land,
giving them good cultivation, and
keeping the runners cut, so as to keep
them in narrow rows—about 16 inches
wide—then early in the winter applying
a thick mulch of strawy manure, and
in the spring raking a portion of it oft
the plants, so as to leave a thick mulch
between the rows, to retain the mois
ture during the drought that will prob
ably come during the summer, 1 grow
a profitable crop. To grow a crop of
inferior berries requires a certain
amount of labor; to grow the large,
handsome berries that always sell for
a price that pays the owner for grow
ing them costs a few dollars more an
acre for manure, and a lew days more
work in cultivation, but the expendi
ture of these will probably make the
difference between success and failure.
Cauliflowers I have always found in
good demand and at remunerative
Prices. The market is not generally
overstocked, because few people under
take to grow them for market, think
ing their culture is too difficult. I have
found nothing very difficult in their
culture. I give them almost the same
treatment as cabbages, except when
the plants are about half grown I place
a mulch of manure between the rows,
and then irrigate them in the same
way as the celery, and this generally
insures the crop. If a drought should
ccme when the plants are heading the
crop would be uncertain, but the
mulching and irrigation prevent their
suffering for lack of moisture at this
time and make the crop a profitable
one.
While some of the other fruits and
vegetables may be more easily grown
than those I have mentioned, yet the
same principles apply in the culture of
all First is needed suitable garden soil,
and this should be of a loamy nature,
free from stones and other obstruc
tions. This must be well drained and
filled with the kind of plant food the
crops need; then with the right selec
tion of varieties well planted, and at
the right time good cultivation, and the
use of the mulch, to retain moisture in
times of drought, on some crops, and
if possible supplementing the rainfall
by irrigation, when needed, then hav
ing a good equipment of tools, and you
are in the way to success.
CASTOR IA
For Infants and Children.
The Kind You Have Always Bought
Buckwheat Culture.
Why Is there so little buckwheat
grown on the Southern farm, is a ques
tion that is often asked by those who
take an Interest in Southern agricul
ture, says C. K. McGuire In Agricultur
ist.
Replies to this question might be so
varied in their nature that we would be
at a loss to know what is really the
reason of its absence on such a large
scale. One, and the most prominent, is
that the Southern farmer thinks buck
wheat belongs to a rigorous climate
and will not succeed in a Southern lat
itude. Whereas, the exact reverse is
the case, for it is a crop of all crops
that thrives and does well on the
Southern farm. I have been growing
it more or less for twelve years, and
the longer I grow it the better I like
it. It can be sown at any time of the
year, and as it quickly matures, sev
eral crops can be made in a season.
It is eminently adapted for a catch
crop, where others fail, and is one of
the best soil renovators in existence.
True the straw of it does not amount
to much for anything but bedding, but
the grain is a valuable feed for all
stock, particularly young stock and
poultry. Those growing crimson clo
ver will find a crop of buckwheat, sown
at the same time, a valuable shade for
the clover when young and very apt
to be burned by the sun’s rays. And
after it ripens it can be cut, leaving a
long stubble for the clover's protection.
The grain of the buckwheat can be
used to advantage for feeding.
Parties growing alfalfa find buck
wheat sown at the same time a great
help to make the alfalfa take a better
foothold in the soil. Alafalfa, of
course, should be sown in the fall, say
last of September or October, and the
buckwheat sown at the same time will
with its roots in the soil protect the
young alfalfa until it can take care of
itself. These and a few more uses to
which it can be applied giake it a very
desirable crop to have. But if one
should want a crop of itself, the month
of August is the best time to sow the
seed.
It does well to follow almost any
crop and will succeed on almost any
kind of soil. It will grow on the poorest
and thinnest of Southern sands and will
make an excellent crop on all of our
bottom lands. On the shady soils, how
ever, it will require considerable fer
tilizing to give the best results. But
in this it is like all other crops, in that
liberal and judicious fertilizing always
pays best, for I find that the farmer
who does not use fertilizers with a free
hand these days never has much of a
crop to show for his work, let it be
buckwheat or anything else. If this
crop is sown for its grain the grade
of fertilizer must be higher than if in
tended for soil improving purposes. A
suitable brand for a full crop should
analyze about 3 per cent, nitrogen, 8 or
10 per cent, phosphoric acid and 8 per
cent, potash: it should be plowed un
der in the green or semi-ripe stage.
Five per cent, nitrogen and 8 per cent,
potash with the same phosphoric acid
would do. Four to 600 pounds per acre
ought to give good account of itself
on any of our Southern soils. There
are a great many uses that this crop
can be put to. Not the least valuable
is in the peach orchard by plowing it
under just as the first frost strikes it.
It is a sure remedy for cut worms in
the soil. Have seen soils so thick with
cut worms that nothing would be al
lowed to grow that they would eat.
With one crop of green buckwheat
turned under in the fall not a single
worm was to be seen next year or for
many years afterward. A few success
ive crops of peas or beans plowed un
der are great breeders of worms of all
kinds, because their roots and every
par* of them are so sweet, making a
perfect nest for the worms, that some
thing is necessary to kill them off. This
can always be successfully accomplish
ed by planting buckwheat in the late
fall and have it on the gound all win
ter as a cover crop. If this is not de
sirable it can be turned under and oats,
wheat, rye or barley sown at the same
time when it will prove an excellent
fertilizer as well as a worm killer. I
might also mention its great utility as
a honey maker, but it gives a dark
colored honey, and unless late in the
fall and early in the spring it is not a
success for bees, in that the nectar of
the blossoms is so easily dried up by
our hot Southern sun, so that during
the summer the bees cannot work on it
after early morning or until late in the
afternoon.
These few remarks on this useful crop
will, I trust, stimulate a few more to
try it. when I know they will be
pleased with it.
Grading anil Fucking Peaches for
Market.
It is surprising how few fruit grow
ers make necessary preparations in ad
vance for handling their crops in the
best possible way, says Prof. Johnson
in American Agriculturalist. Last
June, when visiting the peach or
chards of the Blue Ridge and Alle
ghany mountains, I estimated that a
certain company would have between
60,000 and 70,000 bu peaches. So far as
could be seen no special preparations
were being made to take care of this
crop, which was an unusually large
one. When the same orchard was
visited again the latter part of August,
the packers were at work. There was
no special organization. Some of the
packers were sitting on the floor, while
others were more comfortably seated
on basket or box. Several thousands
bushels of as fine peaches as I ever
saw were lost in this orchard owing
to lack of systematic organization.
In striking contrast with this sys
tem, I saw some well-organized pack
ing sheds in the same neighborhood
where evrey bushel of fruit was saved.
In Georgia and Michigan, the same
careless indifference was seen In many
orchards. On the other hand, in some
orchards the fruit was handled in the
most careful manner. In the orchards
of J. H. Hale, the fruit is sorted into
three grades and placed in long can
vas trays arranged in compartments in
front of the worker, about one foot
above the center of the table, with the
packers on the opposite side. The
peaches are classified into three grades
and then packed into carriers of six
baskets each. About 100 peaches of ex
tra large size are packed in a carrier.
The No. 1 size usually requires from
120 to 150, while No. 2 takes from 190
to 210. Peaches below this size are as
a rule not placed In carriers.
The fruit is carefully graded by ex
perts. many of them being orange pack
ers from Florida. Every peach must
be up to standard size, without blemish
and in perfect stage of ripeness before
being placed in a basket. The general
foreman of the packing shed keeps a
very careful watch over all the fruit
packed, and before the lid is nailed on
a crate an expert makes a final in
spection, being sure that every peach Is
up to standard. If a single peach is
found containing a bruise or blemish
of any kind, the entire crate is return
ed to the packer and as a penalty must
be repacked. The fruit is handled
mostly by white men and women, and
expert packers can put up from 80 to
100 carriers per day, the number de
pending largely upon the variety and
amount of fruit being packed. Some
experts pack from 175 to 200 carriers a
day. each person handling from 20.000
to 30.000 pieces of fruit, in addition to
removing the baskets and middle tray
of each carrier. Some fruit growers,
throughout the North, particularly, say
it Is Impossible to thoroughly round up
a basket, especially where several dif
ferent sizes are handled. The filling
of a basket will depend largely upon
the man or woman doing the packing.
There are several standards which
must be followed in order to fill a
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LINDSAY TMORGAN’S.
OCEAN STEAMSHIP COMPANY
FOR
NEW YORK. BOSTON AND THE EAST.
Unsurpassed cabin accommodations. All the comforts of a modern hotel.
Electric lights. Unexcelled table. Tickets include meals and berths aboard ship.
PASSENGER FARES FROM SAVANNAH.
TO NEW YORK—First Cabin, S2O; First Cabin, round trip, $32; Intermedia!,
cabin, sls; Intermediate Cabin, round trip, $24; Steerage, $lO
TO BOSTON—First Cabin, $22; First Cabin, round trip, $36; Intermediate Cab
in, sl7; Intermediate Cabin, round trip, S2B; Steerage, $11.75.
The express steamships of this lino are appointed to sail from Savannah.
Central (90th meridian time) as follows:
SAVANNAH TO NEW YORK.
CITY OF AUGUSTA, Capt. Daggett, | ‘CHATTAHOOCHEE, Capt. Lewis.
MONDAY, Aug. 5, at 9:30 a. m. WEDNESDAY, Aug. 14, 5:00 p. m.
NACOOCHEE, Capt. Smith, WEDNES- CITY OF AUGUSTA, Capt. Daggett,
DAY', Aug. 7, at 11:30 a. m. FRIDAY, Aug. 16, 6:30 p. m.
KANSAS CITY, Capt. Fisher, FRI- NACOOCHEE, Capt. Smith, MON
DAY, Aug. 9, at 1:30 p. m. DAY, Aug. 19, 9:00 a. m.
CITY OF BIRMINGHAM, Capt. Burg, KANSAS CITY, Capt. Fisher, WED
MONDAY, Aug. 12, at 4:30 p. m. NESDAY, Aug. 21, at 10:30 a. m.
•Steamship Chattahoochee will carry first cabin passengers only.
Steamship City of Macon, Capt. Savage, will leave New York for Boston every
Saturday at 4 p. m., and leave Boston for New York every Wednesday at 11 a. m.
Sailings New York for Savannah Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays 5 p. m.
This company reserves the right to change its sailings without notice and without
liability or accountability therefor.
W. G. BREWER, C. T. & P. A.. 107 Bull street,, Savannah.
L. M. ERSKINE. Agent. E. W. SMITH. Soliciting Frt. Agt„ Savannah.
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P. E. LeFEVRE, Manager, W H. PLEASANTS. Traf. Mngr., N. P. 35, N. R„
New York.
basket with peaches or fruit of any
kind.
In the Hale orchards all the fruit Is
graded by hand. Many large growers
use graders, several kinds of which are
upon the market. One of these is
shown in our illustration. The work
is greatly facilitated where these ma
chines are used, and from 1,000 to 2,000
bushels can be run through them in a
day if the fruit is available. In an
article next week I will give more in
detail the methods of packing, with
illustrations.
About Pecans.
Pecans belong to the hickory nut
family and are always in demand on
the city markets. The trees are forest
plants growing to the hight of 75 to 150
feet, having wide spreading branches
and oval top that make them orna
mental as well as profitable. Nuts are
borne much the same as the hickory,
and are oblong in general appearance.
They vary in size so that the weight
ranges from 25 to 100 a pound. The
shells are very thin making the nuts
easily cracked. The trees are native to
the country South parallel 40 in the
United States, and are rapidly coming
to the front as commercial productions.
Texas, Kentucky and Missouri are not
ed for wild pecan growth, but the com
mercial world is supplied almost en
tiiely from Texas, Louisiana and Cali
fornia.
The soil best adapted to pecan cul
ture is probably the sandy loam of riv
er and creed beds where there is plenty
of leaf mold and the plant food neces
sary for hardwood trees. Experienced
men report sandy loam with clay sub
soil the best, while the black lands of
swamps comes next in importance. The
clay soils give earlier crops, but the
nuts are small and unsalable.
This tree, like all hardwood varieties,
needs liberal supplies of potash, and
it is well to make annual dressings if
not only potash but phosphoric acid
and nitrogen as well. One pound each
of muriate of potash and acid phos
phate and half pound of nitrate of soda
per tree w ould suffice. The best way
though in fertilizing any orchard is to
fertilize the entire area and for this
plan about two hundred pounds mu
riate of potash and three hundred
pounds acid phosphate and one hun
dred and fifty pounds of nitrate of soda
per acre would be a good application.
The potash and phosphoric acid can be
broadcasted and worked well into the
soil and the nitrate of soda used as a
top dressing.
A Hunk Trail.
It consists of an ordinary steel trap,
not too large, mounted on the top of a
common fence rail or a long pole, set
firmly in the ground. It is best located
on some moderately, high point in the
middle of a wide field, where there are
no trees or other objects upon which a
bird may light. No bait is needed. The
trap is simply opened on top of the
pole, where the bird sets it off and is
caught in the act of alighting. Of
course the trap must be firmly secured
to the pole. The device is based on
the principle that birds of prey habit
ually light on prominent objects in
large open spaces, where they will have
a good outlook for game. A trap well
placed will, during one season, catch
all the hawks within a radius of sev
eral miles. Owls and other large birds
are also frequently found in the trap.
The longer and more substantial the
pole, the better It Is.—Orange Judd
Farmer.
About You iik Turkey*.
While young turkeys are subject to
many diseases, frequent and
the cause of the greatest loss may be
named as lice. The large gray louse on
the head Is the chief offender, but the
smaller slice on the body, under the
wings and around the tail, are not in
frequently the cause of many "myste
rious” deaths.
We have grown many turkeys, and
never lost any that we could not trace
to this cause, unless the mother hen,
or hen turkey, was allowed to run at
large, without being confined, until the
grass was dry, or the hen, not turkey
hen, chose to kill them as soon as they
hatched out. because she thought they
were not chickens of her own breeding.
Some claim to have good success in
hatching them in incubators, and we
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see no reason why they should not, only
that it Is more difficult to maintain the
right temperature for four weeks than
for three weeks. But this accomplish
ed, there is freedom from the torment
ing vermin, and their going out and
coming in can be controlled in the
brooder. Clean quarters, wholesome
food, pure water, plenty of grit and
protection from bad weather, anyone
should be able to give them. Keep
them in coops nights until large
enough to roost in the trees, and feed
them each night just before roosting
time, that they may roost near the
house, and they will avoid most of the
dangers that beset young or matured
turkeys.
Crowding Poultry.
Poultrymen differ in regard to the
number of fowls to keep in a poultry
house or on a farm, as the conditions,
such as land, capital, size of poultry
house, etc., must be considered. The
maximum number allowed for a flock
is fifty fowls, but unless the poultry
house is very large a flock of twenty
five hens will lay more eggs than fifty,
as they will be better cared for and
have superior accommodations. Double
runs will be found an advantage, as
such a system avoids filth to a certain
i extent, and also permits of green food
in one yard while the hens occupy the
other. When large numbers of fowls
are kept they will thrive better if in
flocks of twenty-five, and will give
good results if well cared for. If each
hen in the flock gives a profit of $1 a
year it will be more than the average.
Do not forget that In a flock of 509
there will be some that will give no
profit at all. There are also labor and
food. The ground required for twenty
five hens should not be less than 50
by 200 feet, which may be divided into
two yards 50 by 100 feet, with a house
10 by 20 feet. The number will be
about equal to 100 hens on one acre,
and if they give only a profit of fifty
cents a hen in a year, or SSO from fifty
hens on one acre, it will be more profit
than can be made on one acre from
some crops.
Growing: Tiirniim.
Many turnip “patches” are partial or
entire failures because we disregarded
the laws governing the of wa
ter in the soil. There is a quite com
mon inclination to sow turnip seed
“just before it rains.” If this rain
comes and continues for days the seed
ing may be all right, otherwise it is
quite apt to be a failure, except in
moist garden soil. The shower forms
a crust that enables the water to es
cape rapidly, and within three days af
ter the rain the germinating seed is
incased in 'dry and compact earth. The
time to sow small seeds in hot weather
is after a rain. The seed-bed should
have been made fine and solid, so that
it will permit the rise of moisture from
the subsoil, and then a rain solidifies
and fills it with water. Just as soon
as a weeder or light harrow can be
used after the rain the surface should
be stirred, to fine it and to check evap
oration. If the seed is then sown and
slightly harrowed in it will rest on the
moist soil Just below the blanket of
loose soil on the surface. After the
seeding it is preferable to use a light
plank drag to a harrow for covering,
as it pulverizes the particles of soil
that are forming into tiny clods as
moisture leaves them. Under these
conditions the seed will get moisture
for germinating much more surely than
when put into the ground just before
a rain.
Too Much Food.
When fowls do rtot lay, and are ap
parently well, the difficulty Is probably
due to heavy feeding, mostly on grain,
extending over several months, the old
fowls being affected more than the pul
lets.
The heavy males should be removed
and the birds compelled to take exer
cise by seeking their food. The result
of overfeeding is liver disease, which
in turn induces other aliments. When
fowls reach such a condition it is al
most useless to attempt the giving or
medicines. The best remedy ift a change
of diet, and feeding sparingly. The best
food in summer Is grass and insects,
and ns the season is then warm no
other food is necessary. In winter less
grain should be allowed, its place be
ing supplied by about a pound of lean
meat to twenty hens at night. If range
food is scarce and the hens are laying,
they may be allowed also a pint of
wheat to twenty fowls, well scattered,
so as to compel the fowls to sear'll
dver a wide space to secure It. In win
ter the fowls cannot forage, hence they
should b fed with great care.—Ameri
can Fancier.
Breedinn Poultry.
There is no place where
(Continued on Sevonth l'g*l