Newspaper Page Text
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WHAT SOCIAL CONDITIONS
EXIST BEHIND THE SCENES.
Depicted With a Vigor and Raclnem V'nM.. I ,
. .... by Various Anecdotes,
by Clara Morria—The Fourth of a
.. , . , * ""Tin ol a hew Series of Articles Which Re
call the Brijfhteat Pasei of th r *
m "* e * 01 *“* Great Actress* Autobiography.
Copyright, 1001, by the S. S. McClure Cos.
*t VI r V rt 1 DArtiol nnn/luir,..- 1 .
“What social conditions exist behind
the scenes?’’
This fourth question Is one that
Charles Dickens would have called an
"agrlwator,” and as it Is frequently re
peated, I ask myself, where is the
curiosity about the theater, its people
and its life, to end? The question is:
"What social conditions exist behind
the scenes?” Now to be quite frank
the first few times this query appeared,
I was distinctly aggravated. X said to
myself, do these ladles and gentlemen—
yes, three males are in this inquiring
group—do they think we are a people so
apart from all others, that we require
a separate and distinctly different so
cial code—that we know nothing of the
law governing the size, style and use of
the visiting card—that congratulations,
condolences are unknown rites—that in
vitations, acceptances and regrets are
ancient Hebrew to us, and calls, teas,
dinners, and dances are exalted func
tions far above our comprehension?
And then I read the question again and
saw I was making a ninny of myself—
an easy thing to do with the thermom
eter at 99 in the shade—that it said:
"behind the scenes,” and with a laugh
1 recalled the little child, who had de
lightedly witnessed her first Christmas
pantomime, and being told afterwards
that I was one of the people in the
play, she watched and listened eagerly
some time before coming and resting a
dimpled hand on mine, to ask disap
pointedly: "Please does all the actin’
people ’have ’emselves jes’ same as any
one?” Poor, blue-eyed tot, she had ex
pected at least a few twirls about the
room, a few bounds and hand kisses,
and here I was “ ‘having jes’ like any
one.” So all my mistaken vexation
gone. I’ll try to make plain our social
condition behind the scenes.
In the first place then, a theatrical
company is almost exactly like one
large family. Our feeling for one an
other is generally one of warm good
fellowship. In our manners there is an
easy familiarity, which we would not
dream of using outside of our own lit
tle company circle. We are a socially
inclined people, communicative, fond of
friendly conversation and hopelessly
given over to jokes, or as we put it,
“to guying.” But don’t imagine there’s
any socialism about a theater, that
means community of property and as
sociation, on the contrary we enter in
to the keenest competition with one
another. I dare say an outsider—as the
non-professional has been termed time
out of mind—watching our conduct foi
a few days and nights, would conclude
that though quite harmless, we are all
a little mad. For the actor’s funny
habit of injecting old, old lines of old,
old plays into his every day conver
sation, must be somewhat bewildering
to the uninitiated. If an elderly,
heavy-breathing, portly gentleman,
lifted his hat to a gentle dignified little
lady, remarks: "Beshrew me, but Ido
love thee still! Isn’t it hot this morn
ing? Take this chair!” Or if a very
slender, pop-eyed young comedian,
while wiping his brow, says: “Now
could I drink hot blood, and hold it not
a sin!” And someone else calmly an
swers: "You haven’t got those words
right, old man, and you couldn’t drink
anything hot to-day, without having a
fit:” Or if two big,- stalwart men,
meeting in the "entrance,” fall sud
denly into each other’s arms, with a
try of "Camille!” “Armand!” Or if a
man enters the green room with his
hat on and a half dozen people call:
“Do you take this for an ale house,
that you can enter with such a swag
ger?” and the hat comes oft with a
laughing apology. Or if the man with
the cane is everlastingly practicing
"carte and tierce” on somebody, or do
ing a broad-sw-ord fight with any one
who has an umbrella. If a woman
passes with her eyes cast down reading
a letter and someone says: “In maid
en meditation, fancy free!” If she
eats a • sandwich at a long -ehear
sal and someone instantly
begins: "A cretaure not too
bright nor good for human nature’s
daily food!” If she appears in a con
spicuously new gown and someone
cries: “The riches of the ship have
come on shore!” ten to one, she re
plies: “A poor thing—but mine own!”
These things will look and sound queer
and flighty to the outsiders who are
not thoroughly acquainted with the
plays from which the lines are taken
and cannot of course see how aptly
some, of them adapt themselves to the
situation. But this one is plain to all.
A young girl who was a very careless
dresser, was trailing along the "en
trance” one evening, when behind her
the leading man, quoting Juliet, re
marked: “ ‘Thou knowest the mask
of night is on my cheek,’ or I should
not dare tell you, your petticoat is
coming off!” a perfect gale of laugh
ter followed in which the little sloven
Joined heartily.
One morning, rehearsal being dis
missed, I was hurrying away, Intend
ing to enjoy a ride on horseback, when
Mr. Davldge—Mr. Daly's “old man,”
lifting his hat politely and twisting
Macbeth’s words very slightly, re
marked: "I wish your horse swift
and sure of foot, and so I do commend
you to its back!" and as I laughed:
"Macbeth, Act III,” we parted in
mutual admiration for each other's
knowledge of the great play.
The gentlemen are attentive to the
lady's small needs, providing seats
when possible, bringing a wrap, a
glass of water, fanning her if she is
warm, carrying her long train if it is
heavy—but never, never losing the
chance to play a joke on her if they
can.
There is generally some ring leader
of green-room fun —for most actors
are very impatient of "waits” between
the scenes and would rather pass such
time in pranks than in quiet conversa
tion. On one occasion some of the
actors had made noise enough to reach
the managerial ear, and they were
fined. The actresses laughed at their
discomfiture and revenge was at once
in order. Next night, four young men
brought bits of calico and threaded
needles with them and when their
"wait” came, they all sat quietly in
a row and sewed steadily. The sight
was so ludicrous the women went off
into unbounded laughter, and were In
their turn fined.
Nothing excuses the use of swear
words behind the scenes and even a
very mild indulgence is paid for by a
heavy forfeit. One actor, not too
popular, with the company, used al
ways to be late and coming into the
dressing-room he would fling every
thing about and knock things over,
causing any amount of annoyance to
his room mates. He w-ent on in but
one act—the third—and the lateness of
the hour made his lack of business
promptitude the more marked. A Joke
was of course in order and a practical
joke at that. One evening he was
later than usual and that was the op
portunity of his Joking room mates.
They carefully dropped some power
ful strong-holding gum into the heels
of his patent leather shoes, and had
barely put them in place, when the
ever lata actor was heard coming on
the run down the passage. In he tore,
flinging things right and left—over
turning make-ups and knocking down
gracious silk huts. He grabbed his
shoes—jammed his foot into one—
scowled and exclaimed disgustedly:
What the deuce! there's something
in this shoe. Bah!” he went on, “and
in this one, too.” "Take ’em off and
shake ’em!” suggested the dropper of
the gum. “No time!” growled the vic
tim, “I’ll be docked if I’m a second
late! But these confounded things
feel damp in the heels!” and he kicked
and stamped viciously. “Damp in the
heels?” murmured the guilty one, in
terrogatively. "in the heels, said you?
What a very odd place for dampness to
accumulate. Now, personally I find
my heels are dry and smooth and hard
like—like a china nest egg, don’t you
know? But damp heels—it doesn't
sound right, and it must feel very un
comfortable. I don't wonder you
kick!” And another broke in with: "I
say, old fellow, that was my India ink
you busted then! But never mind, I
suppose your heels trouble you!” Then
asked earnestly, as the victim hastily
patted a gray beard into place: “Is
that good gum you have there—will it
that beard securely?” “Will it
hold. It’s the strongest gum ever made
—it can hold a horse. I have hard
work to get it to dissolve nights with
pure alcohol!” This, while the guilty
one was writhing with that malicious
joy known in its fullness to the prac
tical joker alone. The victim rushed
from the room and reached the stage
at the very moment his cue was spok
en, and made his entrance so short of
breath, he could scarcely speak. The
act was very long—the gum in his
shoes dried nicely—the curtain fell. He
went below to his room to dress for
the street. He tried to remove and
lay aside his patent leathers. Alas'
alas! he laid aside instead his manners,
his temper, his self restraint, his self
respect! The gum proved itself worthy
of his praise—it stuck—lt held! The
shoes were willing to come off on one
condition only—that they brought both
sock and skin with them. Three men,
with tears in their eyes, had pencils
and kept tally of his rema ks as he
danced about after each fran'ic tug at
a glued oh shoe. One took down every
wounding, malicious word. A second
caught and preserved every defamatory
word. While the third—the busiest one
—secured every profane word that fell
from his enraged lips. Finally, he
poured the contents of the alcohol bot
tle into his shoes and swearing like
a madman waited for the gum to soft
en. And the manager, who was not
deaf, proved that his heart was harder
than the best gum and could not be
softened at all. To this day no mem
ber of the company knows how much
of the victim’s salary was left to him
that week after forfeits for bad words
were all paid up. But some good came
from the affair, for the actor was nev
er again so late in arriving, as not to
have time to look into his shoes for
any strange substance possibly lurking
there.
Personally, I detest the practical
joke, but I have, alas! never been
above enjoying my share of the green
room fun. Some members of Mr. Daly's
company were very stately and digni
fied, and he would have been glad had
w*e all been like them; but there were
others who would have had fun with
the tombs of the Egyptian kings, and
who could wring smiles from a graven
image. Mr. Daly levied fines at last so
recklessly, that either the brakes had
to be put upon our fun or someone
would have to do picket duty. The
restless element had a “wait” of an
entire long act in one play, and among
those w'ho waited was a tiny, little bit
of an old, old man. He wore rags
in his "part,” and on the seat of his
trousers was an enormous red patch.
He had been asked to stand guard in
the green room door, and nothing loaih
he only argued deprecatingly: “You’ll
all get caught, I’m afraid! You see,
Mr. Daly’s so sharp—if I cough, he’ll
hear me, too—and will understand! If
I signal—he’ll see me, and we’ll all get
fined.”
For a moment we were silently cast
down. Then I rose to the occasion beau
tifully. I took the wee little man and
placed him in the green room doorway,
leaning with his back against the door
jamb. When he saw Mr. Dalv in the
distance he simply was to turn his
bright red patch toward us—wo would
do the rest. It was a glorious success
We kept an eye on the picket and when
the red patch danger signal was shown
—silence fell upo nthe room. Forfeits
ceased for a long time. Of course, we
paid our watchman for his services.
Paid him in pies! He had a depraved
passion for bakers’ pies, which he
would not cut into portions, because
he said it spoiled their flavor—he pre
ferred working his way through them —
and that small, face seen near
the center of a mince pie, whose rim
was closing gently about his euis, was
a sight to make a Supreme Justice
smile. But our evil course was almost
run. Our little pie-eater, who was just
a touch odd, or what people - call
"queer,” on Thanksgiving Day permit
ted himself to be treated by so many
drivers of pit wagons, that at night he
was tearful and confused and though
he watched faithfully for the coming
of Mr. Daly—while we laughingly list
ened to a positively criminal parody on
“The Bells”—watched for and saw him
in ample time, he, alas! confusedly,
turned his red patch the wrong -way,
and we all came to grief and forfeiture
in consequence. Yes, obliging people—
very generous, and ever ready to give a
helping hand. Behind the scenes then,
our social condition, I may say, is one
of good mannered informality, of jol
lity tempered by respect and genuine
good fellow ship.
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I'HE MOKNING NEWS: SUNDAY. SEPTEMBER 8. 1901.
WOMEN OF THE WORLD.
THE OLD AND THE HEW WOMEN
OF JAPAN.
Privileges Granted Under the Treaty
of 1889—Distinction Between Hus
bands and Wives in Divorce Laws.
Unties of the Japanese Wife—Occu
pations Followed by Women.
By May H. Krout.
As in China, there is no recognized
caste in Japan; that is, no religious or
superstitious interdiction which con
demns a human being to a state from
which he can never hope to advance.
At the same time, although men of
humble origin have risen to positions
of power and influence, the social gra
dations are still firmly fixed, notwith
standing the growth of democracy In
Japan as elsewhere throughout the
world. The highest rank is that of
the imperial family; the next in im
portance are the survivors of the dal
mios, the ancient landed nobility of
the Shogunate, which was overthrown
in 1868; below these, the samurl, or
military retainers, of the daimtos; and
humblest of all are the heimin. or
peasant, class, in which are included
all farmers, artisans and merchants.
The heimin are again subdivided, the
farmer taking precedence, next to
whom comes the artisan, the merchant
ranking lowest.
Until within comparatively recent
years the Emperor was a shadowy au
thority, who lived in the utmost se
clusion, forbidden even to walk or per
form the simplest task for himself,
and it was a common belief among the
ignorant that no man could look upon
his face and live. The Empress shared
Bra Iff MS raji tmtiT'**'
I H üßgf xXq[
tier husband’s seclusion and Idleness,
and was denied even the companion
ship of her children, who were taken
from her and placed in the keeping
of foster-mothers. There are but five
families in the empire from which the
imperial consort may be chosen —the
clan of Fugiwaru. The present Em
press was the Princess Huroko Ichljo.
Notwithstanding the progress of
modern education and the more liberal
laws enacted in behalf of women un
der the treaty that went into effect
July, 1899, Japanese women of the high
er classes are entirely subservient to
their husbands, waiting upon them,
and occupying a position in the house
hold which is rather that of an upper
servant than of wife and mistress. The
law of Japan, like that of China, recog
nizes but one valid marriage, but the
number of concubines, or “secondary
wives,” to use the polite Oriental term,
is not restricted. The present Empress
of Japan is childless, the heir-apparent
being the son of the Emperor by a sec
ondary wife. In such an event the
Empress regards the heir almost as
her own child. The Crown Prince and
the Empress have always had a strong
affection for each other, and he visits
her In her apartments in the palace at
frequent intervals.
Formerly no one but the ladles of the
court had access to th_ Empress, and
these were chtisen from the most an
cient and noble families. Such an ap
pcintment was considered the highest
honor, and, in order to become profi
cient in the difficult and involved eti
quette which determined the propriety
of every word, gesture and act under
all circumstances and upon all occa
sions, they frequently entered upon
their duties at the early age of ten
years. They were given houses wltn
retinues of servants, receiving liberal
salaries, increased by costly presents,
when they made themselves especially
efficient. The common penalty of the
office, however, under the old regime,
was a marriage beneath them, or a life
of celibacy devoted to religion. The
daughters of the Emperor in former
times were also forbidden to marry,
as there was no one of their own rank
with whom they could form a legal
alliance; they also became Shinto
priestesses, or Buddhist nuns. The life
lend by the ladles of the court was one
of the utmost monotony, and, aside
from the required attendance upon the
Empress, their amusements were con
fined to changes of toilette, walking in
their own secluded gardens, enjoying
the flowers and such musicial enter
tainments as were peemitted them.
In February, 1899, when the constitu
tion was promulgated, which was an
immense step forward, the Emperor
signalized the new departure by ap
pearing—for the first time in the his
tory of the empire—ln public with his
wife. The occasion was or.e of great
general rejoicing, as the imperial hus
band rode in proeessjon through tho
streets of Tokio with the Empress
seated beside him in the state carriage.
From that time the Empress has held
official receptions at the palace, and
has taken the greatest interest in pub
ic affairs, especially in the schools,
hospitals and other philanthropic in
stitutions that were subsequently
founded. She was instrumental in es
tablishing the school for peeresses,
where, in addition to Western sciences,
language and literature, the young
daughters are instructed in the best
Japanese literature. She presided at
the Tormal opening of the school and
m&de an address, while she frequently
awards the prizes in person. She also
visits the hospitals, and at her sugges
tions the first professional women
nurses were sent to London to be train
ed. The training of Japanese girls of
the higher classes includes the art of
painting, of writing poetry, of making
and serving the ceremonious tea,
which is far removed from the or
dinary function, with special in
struction in needlework and the
artistic arrangement of flowers. The
teachers of these accomplishments are
usually women of high birth, In re
duced circumstances.
The ever-present dread of the Japan
ese wife, formerly, was the fear of di
vorce. No woman could divorce her
husband, but there were innumerable
trifling grounds upon which a husband
could send the wife back to her faul
A JAPANESE BEAUTY.
ily; he might discover that she was
indolent, ugly, too fond of gossip or
amusement, or she might fail to bear
children—in which event she could be
put away. The new laws now permit
the wife to sue for divorce upon cer
tain grounds, and it has limited the
indulgence shown her lord and master
In the exercise of what was his ex
clusive prerogative. This has -sen ac
complished partially, no doubt, by the
Increasing Influence of the educated
women of Japan, who have learned to
formulate their opinions—one of the
results of education the world over.
In no country are children so much
desired and treated with suen affec
tion—a gentleness that never spoils
them. Sons are preferred, in the desire
to perpetauate the family name, but
the daughter is scarcely less welcome.
Her prospective marriage, however, al
most from the hour of her birttl, is a
source of anxiety. Upon that jvent she
enters her husband’s family, ceasing,
practically, to belong to that of her
parents, and her fate rests laregly in
the hanl9 of her husband's mother,
upon whovn she must wait like a ser
vant, assisting in the work of the
house, sewing, preparing the food and
serving the tea. No matter how un
just or unkind she may be, the son will
never intercede for the wife with his
mother, to whom he must render life
long obedience.' Should the wife be di
vorced she loses her children, who re
main with their father. There could
be no other arrangment, since the
mother could not support them, and
would hardly impose the burden of
their maintenance upon her own fam
ily. This law has induced the women
of Japan, in common with those of
other countries, to endure suffering,
neglect and open Infidelity, rather than
be parted from the children.
In order to obviate the possible evils
ot an unhappy marriage, parents oc
casionally adopt a lad of intelligence
and worth, to become at the proper
time the husband of a tenderly-loved
daughter. In such a case the husband
takes the family name of the wife, to
whom the children belong, and his po
sition is that of a subordinate and de
pendent. Such marriages are becoming
less and less frequent, the modern,
progressive Japanese objecting to the
disability which a marriage of this sort
necessitates.
It Is thg duty of the Japanese wife
to rise first in the morning, call the
servants, give them their orders, as
sist her parents-in-law and her hus
band to dress, and bring them the tea,
which precedes the first meal. At her
marriage a bride is supplied with va
rious house furnishings and trousseau,
which is to last a life-time —a supply
of cotton, woolen, silk and crepe klm
onas, according to her rank, each with
its opi, or sash, and the tabi, or short
cotton socks, made with a separate
space for the great toe. The only un
der garment is a woolen crepe kimona
worn in cold weather, over which oth
ers of cotton or silk are worn. The
short tabl reach only to the ankles,
which are left unprotected, even in
winter.
No matter how splendid the dress—
a mass of embroidered silk, brocade or
delicate crepe—the wooden geta, or
clogs, are worn, which, however, are
left at the door of the
house, or theater, straw sandals
being substituted, that the fine mats
may not be injured by the clumsy
footgear. The most important part of
the toilette is the prolonged and lab
orious dressing of the hair, which con
sumes from two to five hours. Even
among people of moderate means, pro
fessional hairdressers are employed;
the long black tresses are brushed out,
stiffened with pomade and elaborately
arranged over a framework of wire,
and ornamented with twists of crepe
or jeweled pins. The style varies with
age; that of the young girl being aban
doned upon her marrlage.and again al
tered in middle and old age. When
dressed, it remains intact for several
days, women sleeping upon mats with
the head resting upon a wooden pil
low, hollowed to fit the neck, that the
elaborate hair structure may not be
disturbed.
It is now a frequent thing for the
better educated and liberal Japanese
to travel about with their wives, the
multiplication of railways lines and
Increased Intercourses with foreigners
tending to accustom them to this
Western familiarity. Upon a train
leaving Tokio for Nikko I saw an in
teresting example of this new custom;
a Japanese gentleman, remarkably tall
and distinguished in appearance, en
tered the carriage with hts charming
wife. She wore a kimona of delicate
dove color with an inner fold of crepe
at the throat.
One wonders how they travel about
in such attire, to which no speck of
dust even semes to attach Itself. Upon
her feet were the customary tabi and
geta, but, alas! her hair was arranged
in European style. On the seat oppo
site were two high officials—military
or naval officers, and acquaintances
of the husband, marvels of military
tailoring and glittering with gold lace.
They were immediately presented to
Madame,and rose and bowed profound
ly,one hand pressed against the breast—
a formal salutation which the lady re
turned with an obeisance of equal grace
and deference. Then, while the trio
engaged in animated conversation, in
which the lady was quite at ease and
fully held her own, the husband read
his Japanese newspaper. However,
blood will tell, and presently Madame
produced her little briar pipe and em
broidered tobacco pouch, filled and
lighted the pipe, taking a few gentle
whiffs, repeating the operation sev
eral times. It was the original "old
Japan” that had survived under many
strata of western cultivation.
Although the occupation open to wo
men are still limited, their opportuni
ties are gradually broadening. Many
are now employed as teachers and gov
ernesses; those who acquire English
readily earn good wages, as awahs, or
maids, and companions in foreign fam
ilies.
The multiplication of hospitals lias
made a field for the trained nurse. The
wives of merchants assist their hus
bands, frequently keplng the accounts.
The wives of the farmers are rugged
and hearthy, and have an authority in
the household not enjoyed by women
of any other class, because they share
the work In the field and their labor
adds directly and specifically to the
revenues of the family.
One great industry—the greatest in
dustry of the empire—silk worm rais
ing and the manufacture of the silk, is
almost wholly in the hands of women;
and here their authority U absolute.
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PU/ITEI rtIMC niIPQ Another new lot, new
UIIHILLHIIIL DHuO shapes, all sizes.
25c up to $3.00 each.
REMEMBER—We Always Sell What We Advertise.
GUSTAVE ECKSTEIN & GO.
13 and 15 Broughton St., West.
* —FOR !
: NEW YORK, BOSTON AND THE EAST. I
. •
. Unsurpassed cabin accommodation!. All tbs comfort, of . modem hotel. *
.Electric lights. Unexcelled table. Tickets Include meals and bertha aboard ship. *
* PASSENGER FARES FROM SAVANNAH. *
* TO NEW YORK—First Cabin, S2O; Flret Cabin, round trip, 132; Intermediate,
.cabin, sl3; Intermediate Cabin, round trip, $24; Steerage, $lO *
. TO BOSTON—First Cabin, $22; First Cabin, round trip. $36; Intermediate Cab-*
-in. sl7; Intermediate Cabin, round trip, S2B; Steerage, $11.75.
* The express steamships of this line are appointed to sail from Sbvannah.l
* Central (90th meridian time) as follows: .
* SAVANNAH TO NEW YORK. I
! CITY OF AITGUSTA, Capt. Daggett, CITY OF AUGUSTA. Capt. Daggett. *
* MONDAY, Sept. 9, at 3:00 p. m. FRIDAY, Sept. 20, at 10:30 a. m. *
* NACOOCHEE, Capt. Smith, WED- NACOOCHEE, Capt. Smith, MON-J
* NESDAY, Sept. 11, at 4:00 p. m. DAY, Sept. 23, at 1:00 p. m .
, KANSAS CITY, Capt. Fisher, FRI- KANSAS CITY, Capt. Fisher, WED
. DAY, Sept. 13. at 5:00 p. m. NESDAY, Sept. 25, at 3:00 p. m. *
* CITY OF BIRMINGHAM. Capt. Berg, CITY OF BIRMINGHAM, Capt. Berg,*
* SATURDAY. Sept. 14, at 6:00 p. m. FRIDAY, Sept. 27, at 4:00 p. m. .
* TALLAHASSEE. Capt. Aakins, MON-| TALLAHASSEE, Capt. Askins, SAT-.
* DAY, Sept. 16, at 7:0 p. m. | URDAY, Sept. 28, at 5:00 p. m. •
. CHATTAHOOCHEE, Capt. Lewis, CHATTAHOOCHEE. Capt. Lewis,*
* WEDNESDAY, Sept. 18. at 9:00 a.m-j MONDAY, Sept. 30, at 6:00 p. m. *
* -Steamship Chattahoochee will carry nr.st cabin passengers only. *
* Steamship City of Macon, Capt. Savage, will leave New York for Bos- l
. ton at 12 noon on Sept. 7, 12. 17, 21, and 26, and leave Boston for New •
. York at 12:00 noon on Sept. 4, 10, 14, 19, 24 and 28. •
.This company reserves the right to change Its sailings without notlca and withoul *
* liability or accountability therefor.
* W. G. BREWER, C. T. St P. A.. 107 Bull street,. Savannah. I
, L. M. ERSKINE. Agent, E. W. SMITH, Soilciting Frt. Agt., Savannah. •
. WALTER HAWKINS. Gen. Agt. Traf. Dept . 224 W. Bay, Jacksonville, Fla •
. P. E. LeFEVRE. Manager. WH. PLEASANTS. Traf. Mngr., N. P. 36. N R„ ♦
•New York. •
SCHOOLS AID COLLEGES.
EMORY COLLEGE
Forty miles east of Atlanta. Situation high and
I <*2l\ healthy. No liquors sold in county. Intercollegiate
I pjjflr fUfnHsa I games prohibited. Full collegt courses offered lead
\J ins; to A. 8., Ph. B. and S. B. Degrees
Entire necessary expenses within S2OO. 64th annual
session begins Sept. 18, 1901. For catalogue and full
information, address C. E. DOWMAN, President.
Skill and discretion, must be exercised
in feeding the worms,. which require
different food at different periods' of
their development. Children and old
people are employed in unwinding the
cocoons, and, where machinery has not
yet superseded hand work, the weaving
and dying of silk in the piece affords
occupation to thousands of women.
Amongst the samurai, or descendants
of the old military class, are many wo- I
men who have inherited the fire and
courage of their ancestors—a class in
the feudal times who were actually re
quired to fight in defense of their lords'
family. These to-day, educated and en
lightened, are destined to lead the new
movement against hereditary oppress
ion. •
The geisha, or professional dancing
girls, bought usually from their parents
in childhood, are carefully trained In
etiquette, in dancing and playing upon
the samisea, and are employed not only
to entertain guests in private houses,
but to take part, posing and marching.
In the public festivals. They are not
always, necessarily, of loose morals,
although subject to unusual tempta
tion. Possessing beauty, grace and wit.
they frequently make good marriages,
and become exemplary wives and
mothers.
The Joro, or licensed prostitute, oc
cupies a quarter in every city set apart
for her, which is subject to close po
lice surveillance. It is said that few
adopt the life voluntarily, many of
them having sold themselves into slav
ery for the maintenance of their par
ents.
Magnetism of the Earth.
From the New York Sun.
It is well known that clay baked in
a brick furnace is magnetized along an
axis which corresponds to the axis of
the terrestrial magnetic field at the
moment of baking, and it is note
worthy that the magnetization is very
permanent. On these facts Mr. Fol
gherelter has founded a method of
studying the liiciiration of the mag
netic needle in antiquity. He deter
mines the direction of the magnetic
axis of pottery of Etruscan and Ro
man times. The declination of the
needle cannot be determined in this
way on account of the impossibility of
knowing exactly how the vases stood
in the baking ovens; we know that
they stood vertically, but no one can
say which side was to the front. It
is quite possible that this method may
be extended to determinations refer
ring to geologic epochs by observing
the direction of magnetization of clay
strata that have been transformed into
brick by flows of hot lava. The latter
question is now being studied In the
volcanic region of the Puy-de-Dome in
Franc*