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PAKT THREE.
THE AMERICAN SOLDIER
BY HON. JOHN A. T. HULL, M. C„
Chairman of the Military Committee of the Hoaae ot Representatives
and Author ot the Existin'; Army Law.
The great advance in the lines of
Invention have been as marked in the
military establishments of the world
as in any other lines of human indus
try. The great civil war of this coun
try was fought out before modern im
provements in arms had been devel
pped, and the men who served in the
ranks in those days were accustomed
to coming up near enough to see each
other and using the muzzle loading gun.
The organization of the army was but
little changed from the organization
prevailing during the Revolutionary
uar There was a two-line close-order
formation, and it was supposed that
soldiers would not tight well unless
they could touch elbows." They ad
vanced and retired as a body, and a
regiment of infantry was composed of
a single battalion of ten companies,
with only three field officers in charge.
The old muzzle-loading rifle would not
do much execution at over 600 yards
range, so that the lines were always
within charging distance of each other
if it was determined a charge should
be made.
Deadly Modern Weapons.
With the modern breech-loading, rap
id-firing gun, carrying a bullet a mile
or more, and doing execution at long
range, the close-order formation would
be utterly worthless, and would insure
the destruetion of any army attempt
ing to light battles with such organi
zations. The modern organization of
the army gives three battalions to '.he
regiment, and makes the regiment con
sist of twelve companies, instead of ten,
and gives three majors, one for each
battalion, in addition to the colonel and
lieutenant colonel as field officers.
The modern line of battle is formed
more on what was formerly a skirmish
line, and makes each individual sol
dier more of a fighting unit. The
larger part of a regiment is handled
now in reserve, so disposed as to
promptly strengthen the weak places
and relieve frequently on the firing
lines.
The character of the American sol
dier is not changed. He always was
and always will be, while our national
character remains the same, the best
material for a soldier to be found in
the world. He has the knowledge nec
essary to enable him to recognize the
value of discipline and the character
to sustain him in all the trials and
dangers of warfare. He has demon
strated in Cuba. Porto Rico, the Phil
ippines, and in China the same splendid
characteristics his forefathers pos
sessed from the foundation of the gov
ernment. He is first of all an Ameri
can citizen, possessed of the same qual
ities, the same aspirations, the same
love of country prevalent throughout
the entire body of the American peo
ple, and to charge him with conduct
unbecoming an American soldier is a
libel upon the American army.
In all great bodies of men some will
be found not averaging to the highest
standards of Americanism. But as a
whole the American army during the
last war were brave in action, patient
in enduring hardships, generous to
their foes, and at all times an honor
to their country. No individual case
of cruelty can be cited as reflecting
upon the army at large. To cite indi
vidual cases of cruelty is as unfair as
it would be to charge a community
with being all criminals because at
some time a murder might have been
committed in their midst.
I k>iow personally that in the Philip
pines the conduct of the troops as a
whole has been the most forbearing
and patient, and the people of those
islands almost without exception, bear
willing tribute to the splendid services
of the American soldier.
nest Ratio in the World.
The ration of the American soldier is
so much superior to that of any other
nation that it is hardly worth
mentioning, and certainly cannot
afford opportunity for a com
parison. Officers serving with our
fleers of foreign armies, declared that
the private soldiers of the United
PATRI Cl AN
SHOES FOR WOMEN I
f Vf" When Shopping
I (fe' It is important that a shoe
/ A \ should be exceedingly flexi-
I fl 1 ble and comfortable. The
II 1 tired feeling that follows
1 the trip down town is fre-
I || quently the direct result of !
I '.I shoes that do not suit. Pa-
J) I 1 trician styles 10 and 22 are
particularly well adapted :
l for a little extra effort.
I I 1 Price always
I I v $3.50
Jiabamtah Mnnumj
States army were better fed than the
officers of any other army on earth. |
The clothing allowance for our sol
diers is too great for an army in time
°f war and is a serious impediment to
the quick movement of the troops. The
Japanese soldier carries his entire
equipment on his back—two suits of
clothes, ail that is allowed to one sol
dier. The American arrqy is so well
equipped that each individual soldier
lias a large chest of clothes and re
quires an immense army train to move
its effects from one point to another?
In payment the United States is more
libtral than any other nation. We pay
our soldiers sl3 a month in this coun
try and give $1 a month increase for
each year’s service up to $lO a month,
and 20 per cent, increase for soldiers
serving in our island possessions or in
Alaska. Germany, I think, pays $2.50
a month, France about the same, Aus
trial less, and Great Britain about $9
a month, but in the British army a
system of fines and assessments for
rations reduces the pay much below
the $9 per month.
In modern ordnance the improve
ments have fully kept pace with the
improvements in small anms, and the
large field guns that are used on the
enemy have more than three times the
range which prevailed during the Civil
war, while our rapid-fire guns are es
pecially .destructive in the shorter
ranges of battle.
Accumulating a Reserve.
A few years from now our seaeoast
will be made invincible by a system of
seacoast defenses which will ultimate
ly cost the government at least $160.-
000,000 and provide the most destruc
tive ordnance that can be built
by man. It is to be hoped that
there never will be another war,
but it is liable to come, and should
army in China have told me that the
if this be the case, the government of
the United States will not be in as
badly a prepared condition for war as
it was at the outbreak of the Spanish
war. That furnished a lesson, and new
we are accumulating a reserve of small
arms and have made liberal appropria
tions in this Congress to still further
increase our reserve supply. We are
manufacturing our own smokeless pow
der in America now, so that in the fu
ture our soldiers will not be compelled
to use the old black powder.
The regular army is simply the last
fighting line, and what is call?! the
volunteer army must be relied upon
in the future, as always in the past,
in any great conflict in which the cou .
try may become engaged. There is
a wrong conception of the .volunteers.
The fact is that the regular army is
as much a volunteer army as the so
called volunteers themselves. Each in
dividual steps up to th3 recruiting offi
cer and enrolls his name on his cwn
volition and passes the examination,
whether he gods tn'o the regular or
volunteer service, so chat as n mattar
fact all of our soldiers are volunteer
soldiers There is no such thing as
conscription in this country, mid with
th° patriotic spirit of our people, their
well known bravery and love of coun
try, there is very little, if any, dan
ger of conscription in the future.
If the people will stop and think for
a minute of all that our army has stood
for in our history, of the gallant body
of men whose lives are at the service
of their country: when they think that
this army has protected the frontier,
while the men not in the field were
opening up and developing our great
couhtry from ocean to ocean; when
they realize that during all the wars of
the past, in the Revolutionary war, the
war of 1812, the Mexican war, and Civil
War, this same army carried the ban
ner of their country to victory, and
that it never has been and never will
be used except for the benefit of the
people as a whole, and to carry out the
orders of the government, the injus
tice and outrage of the present assault
on the army will, I think, be fully real
ized by all fair-minded Americans.
—ln India 26,000.000 acres of land
have been reclaimed and rendered
k highly fertile by means of irrigation.
SAVANNAH. GA.. SUNDAY. JUNES. 1902.
DOMINICA’S BOILING LAKE.
WILFRED M. CLIVE TRIED TO SAVE
THE LIFE OF A NEGRO GUIDE.
It Rested 111 the Crater of an i
Extinct Volcano and Disappear
ed With the Eruption of Pclee.
Dominica Is a Tiny Place, hut the
Lake Was Not Found for 400 Years
Alter the Island's Discox'ory—Won
ders of tile Crater of the Little
Soufriere Thrilling Story ot
Clive's Journey and His Futile At
tempt to'Hyscne llis Guide.
(Copyright, 1902, by L. M. Howe.)
It is easy enough, now that the
Grand Soufriere has slain its thou
sands and Pelee its tens of thousands,
to look back and say: “By such and
such a thing they should have taken
warning.” But to commence, as the
lawyers say, 'at the place of begin
ning.” There is little doubt that the
tragedy at the famous, but seldom vis
ited, Boiling Lake of Dominica, last
December was the first serious mutter
ing of the awakening volcanic fires.
Partly because he was the first vic
tim of this never to be forgotten erup
tion of 1902, but more especially lest
the manner in which a brave man met
his fate—foolishly perhaps, but un
shrinkingly—should go unrecorded and
unnoticed, this tale of one who fear
lessly laid down his life for one who
was not even a friend, is written.
Wilfred M. Clive, was the hero's
name, a descendant of the great Lord
Clive, who laid the foundation of Eng
land’s Indian Empire, and nearly re
lated to half a dozen men of haughty
name and title, yet in appearance and
action simply a quiet, traveling Eng
lishman, exploring in an idle moment
the suange, wild, Caribbean Island of
Dominica.
A fascinating, beautiful, treacherous
island is this same Dominica. The aw
ful molten lava sea, that underlies the
thin crust which men call "the solid
earth,” here seethes beneath so thin
a covering that, warmed as it was by
the very fires of hell, a vegetation has
sprung up with an incomparable lux
uriance that makes it the most wonder
ful in the world. So thin indeed is this
covering which is itself merely disin
tegrated lava, that everywhere streams
of boiling sulphurous water break
through, milky white, poisoning the or
chid-scented air with deadly vapors,
while high upon the mountain lies the
boiling lake, one of nature’s marvels.
It may seem incredible that a won
der like the boiling lake could exist on
an island only twenty-nine miles long
by sixteen broad, for four hundred
years after, discovery, during which
time Caribs, Spaniard, French and
English had apparently fought over
every square inch of it, without the
lake being seen or its existence even
suspected. Yet it was only about
twenty years ago that Dr. Nichols
found the mysterious little sheet of
water. However, any one who has vis
ited Dominica can understand, perhaps,
for so wrinkled with high mountain
ranges and deep, sunless valleys, and
so impenetrable are the closely woven
forests and green tangle of tropic un
derbrush covering everything there that
the journey across the island consumes
two full days’ time.
Hearing of this strange lake, lying
2.000 feet above the level of the sea,
on the flank of Mount Diablatin, the
highest peak in the West Indies, Mr.
Clive determined to visit it straight
way.
Clive’s Last Journey.
So, on Dec. 20, accompanied by Ger
ald McDonald and a guide, Clive set
out from the town of Roseau for Lau
dat, which was reached at 2 o’clock In
the afternoon. Leaving McDonald be
hind, Clive began the climb under the
guidance of Jean Jules and Manton
Rollin, or. as many visitors to Do
minica will better remember them,
"Wylie” and "Dugreselin.”
The scenery grew wilder and more
unnatural at every step. A mighty
wave of living green swept down upon
them from the hills above, fighting for
every inch of the narrow path along the
precipice. From out of the valley be-
J neath them a horde of huge trunked
invaders, waving their green limbs like
banners, rushed up to overwhelm them.
The air became heavy with the scent
of orchids growing on outspreading
limbs, a sheer hundred feet above their
heads. A soft unceasing rustling, as
thousands of creeping things moved
through tbjr underbrush, was drowned
at intervals by the hoarse uncanny cry
of the Devil’s Bird —strange of shape,
with long black beak and ’’fete like
ducks’ feet, but aAned with terrible
long claws,” black as Erebus, well de
serving of the evil name the native
Caribs had bestowed upon it. Other
strange sounds, not so easily accounted
for, were heard. In short, the path
stretched through an enchanted forest,
filled with heaven alone what myste-,
rious dangers for the unwary traveler.
Jumble, Voodoo, Obeah, all the su
perstition of the Indian and negro, so
gaily laughed at the day before, be
| came suddenly very real and possible
beliefs. Here and there a break in the
solid green wall, where some great tree
had hurled itself into a abyss below,
showed far up on the mountain side,
a cloud of fleecy steam rising swiftly,
only to melt as swiftly into thin air.
At last the petit Soufriere was reach
ed; a deep basin, some 200 feet across,
surrounded by upreaching hills, green
to their summits. It was only a hun
dred feet down, but a half hour of
hardest work was needed to accom
plish that short descent.
Here, as Wylie severed with one
clean stroke of his keen edged ma
chete the last obstructing liana even
Clyde’s stolid English composure could
not repress a wondering exclamatiofi
at the scene. The naked earth had
been painted over by the unseen devils
I who gurgled and chuckled In their
slimy caves, with countless shades of
lurid reds and greens and brilliant
sulphurous yellows.
With each fresh bubbling of horrid
laughter they spewed out new masses
of boiling, stinking mud. Such was the
Impression. There could be no doubt
of the actual presence of the devils.
The negroes’ theories on the subject
became quite reasonable. The horrid,
half human tone that rose from each
steaming hole was, beyond doubt, that
of actuah living and Infernal things.
Burh was the spell of the enchanted
forest, the unreasoning terror Inspired
by the petit Soufriere. Even as ne
stood, the poisonous vapors had discol
ored the brass mountings of Clive’s
camera and the very coins In his pock
ets It was high time to be moving on
towards the lake More weary cutting
lof giant creepers, often five Inches
thick. More stumbling over jagged
rocks and tolling up almost perpendlc-
I ular slopes, and then they stood, upon
St BULL SIS)
Don’t Buy Any Clothing Anywhere for Yourself or Boy
Until You See Our Stoeh and Learn Our Prices, if
You Want to Save Money.
Our display of Clothing is much the largest and choicest w: have ever made. The new styles from the best
tailors marked at ADLER'S PRICES that mean big savings. Our method of conducting the Clothing Busi
ness is so far different from regular clothing stores. Small margins of profit, quick selling, are the causes of
us doing a big clothing business, and if you never bought any clothing at this store, we want you at least to
look before you buy elsewhere.
DURING THE MILL END SALE WE GIVE, IN ADDITION TO OUR LOW PRICES, TEN PER
CENT. DISCOUNT ON ALL CASH OR CREDIT PURCHASES, AND MERCHANTS' PREMIUM
TICKETS ON ALL CASH SALES AND TEN PER CENT. DISCOUNT.
Men's All Wool Suits at
fYou will be delighted with the style and
finish of these suits. The coats are the
four-button single-breasted effects, and
are lined with good wearing Italian
cloth. The vest is cut high with or with
out a collar. The Trousers have belt
straps and welt seams. Excel
lent Summer Suits and well Cfl
worth $12.00, at $1 tirJ
MEN’S STRICTLY ALL WOOL FLAN
NEL COATS AND PANTS at $3.98. In
elegant patterns, well made in every par
ticular, good values at (JQ QO
SO.OO, for 4><JiUo
Men’s Flannel Trousers for $2.48
Flannel Trousers are going to be very
popular this season. We have a complete
stock of the best makes. This lot is
made of best flannel in four different
styles, and are made so as to turn up /t
neatly at bottom, worth s4.ob. Think of ip £ m T'll
it, our price only
White Duck Trousers for Men
Well made, perfect fitting, that are just the thing if you QQ
are goiug on an outing. Regular price $1.50,
to sell at
the cliffs above the Bolling Lake, it
self.
Tlie Boiling Lake.
It was, apparently the ancient crater
of a long forgotten volcano, seemingly
breathing, its last, painful, expiring
breath, as they looked, but which even
then, may have risen in fierce wrath,
for it is this lake whose sudden disap
pearance, when Felee thundered, threw
all Dominica into wild terror.
About 300 feet wide, the encircling
walls rose 100 feet from the water.
Generally, the lake was covered over
with clouds of steam—its temperature
was over 120 degrees, but in this fatal
December morning, says the one
survivor of the little expedition,
the air was clear, although the
bubbing cf its surface, if anything,
was more violent than usual. Wylie,
who was an old, experienced guide,
was so alarmed at this, that he begged
Mr. Clive not to go down to the water,
but Clive, not to be detained by any
fancied danger, had already started.
At first all went well, though the at
mosphere was almost A
sudden burst cf sunshin? induced Clive
to return with the guides to the edge
of the lake and try another photo
graph, when they again returned to the
waterfall. When lurch was over Clive
went down to the shore cnee more and
scarcely had he left, when everything
began to look, black before Rollins’
eyes.
Feeling, as he afterwards described
it, “as if he were dying,’’ he started to
run, but fell dew n unconscious. Those
few staggering steps probably saved
his life, for when he revived he found
Wylie lying overcome where he had
first felt the effects of the gas. Petri
fied with terror, Rollins could not
move, but called to Clive, who, run
ning up, lifted Wylie's head from, the
ground and started to rub his limbs in
an effort to bring him to. “I told Mr.
Clive.” said Rollins at the inquest,
’’that I felt as if I was dying, and that
Wylie was dead, and not to remain any
longer, but to return.”
Clive's Splendid Courage.
But the English blood that had won
India by sheer pluck flowed In Clive’s
veins. His reply was brief, but unmis
takable.
"No, Wylie is ret dead: go down to
Laudat and get the doctor.”
With w hat <uaci uy rlo.i.n obeyed his
command can be Imagined. As he
climbed the crater wall he saw the
quiet Englisman. unheeding the dead
ly peril only too plainly visible now.
hunting quickly but without excitement
through the traveling case fo-r the
brandy bottle. That was the last t
this gallant gentleman, who would not
try to save himself while even a poor
negro guide was in danger, was seen
alive. From Laudat a party with ham
mocks and troches —for it was growing
dark—started up the lake, while a boy
on horseback galloped to town for a
doctor. Alas! no doctor could be of
use to those who were left In that dev
il's deathtrap.
The first relief party could scarcely
stand on the edg# of the cliff and look
down on the bodies below, so strong
had the gases become and both Clive
and the negro were dead beyond a
doubt. Wylie lay about 15 feet away,
the half-emptied brandy flask showing
he had not caasad In his efforts to save
Wylie until the last Escape would
have been easily possible, for, strange
to say, the first outburst of gas had
not affected Clive at all.
For two days the watchers on the
cliff were driven from the bodies by
the fuijies. Two age long days they
peered down through the c hoking va
pors, seeing the features of the men
below swell into horrid unrecognizable
masses; no one being able to identity
clothes; while a special ooffin ha 1 to be
them at the inquest save by their
made for Wylie. At last the old vol
cano consented to give up its prey.
It was night when the sad proces
sion stirted down the mountain. Never
had man such weird funeral Journey—
the flaring torches making the unnat
ural foliage even more uncanny than
before, the calm tropic stars looking
coldly down here and there through
rifts in the dense overhanging foliage.
Slowly, cautiously, they bore their si
lent burdens, that swayed with lawful
limpness at each step. And as they
passed Petit Soufriere, up through tne
black darkness of that evil place came
the slimy gurgling chuckle of the dev
ils hidden there. L. M. Howe.
firnybenril Cured Him.
"Graybeard cured me of rheumatism
ani I consider it the best medicine I
ever took for rheumatism. I recom
mend it to my friends.
Chas. N. Thomas,
Member of J. & O. N. Thomas, Jew
elers, 186 Whitaker Street.
Get Graybeard at all drug stores, $1
a bottle.
Graybeard Pills, little treasures, 25c
the box.—ad.
Snutfny Excursion to ItmiiNwick, fin.
Effective Sunday, May 11, and each
Sunday thereafter the Plant System
will sell round trip tickets to Bruns
wick, Ga., on Sundays, limited to date
of sale, at SI.OO. For information see
ticket agents.—ad.
Sunday Excursion*
to
CharlfKton.
Via
Plant System.
Round trip tickets SI.OO, limited to
date of sale. Trains leave Savannah
at 8:00 a. m. (City Time), arrive
Charleston 12:30 p. in. Returning
leave Charleston 8:00 p. m. (Eastern
Time) Tickets good also to return on
train No. 23, leaving Charleston 11:35
p. m.—ad.
Summer Resort* of tlie Sonili.
Southern Railway has ready for dis
tribution its summer homes folder
for the season 1902. This is a beauti
fully illustrated descriptive booklet
containing complete Information re
garding the various summer resorts
of the South, with list of hotels and
boarding houses, their proprietors,
rates, accommodations, etc. A
copy may be had by calling on or send
ing two cent stamp to E. O. Thom
son, City Passeuger and Ticket Agent,
141 Bull street .—ad.
Beat Haute to Columbia,
Southern Railway. Two trains dally.
Dave Savannah I 15 noon and 12.35
midnight - ad.
Boys’ Wash Suits
at 98 cents.
The prettiest designs imaginable. The full cut fly An
front blouses have large sailor collars trimmed 111 l
with four rows of wide braid; plaited sleeves and I ¥
patent waistbands. The white duck shields have A
woven designs. Cut full aud well made through
out. Our price is.- V/V/V
t Boys’ better grade of WASH SUITS, $1.48 and
upward, and judging by the remarks made by
people who have looked about, this must be
the only store in town that has what anybody
wants in WASHABLE SUITS. , j
$1.4-8
and Upwards.
Boys’ Wash Knee Pants at 25c.
Come early to-morrow and get your choice. At
this price mothers should lay in a summer supply. 1 1
The materials are Chambrays, Galateas, Benga- m
lines and Madras; the sizes are from 3to 15 years. M ■II ■
They are LVU
11 ill MIS HOTEL
OPENED JUNE 1.
The hotel has just been renovated and
repainted throughout. Accommodation, 400
guests. Music by splendid orchestra.
This water is guaranteed to cure in all
cases of Indigestion, Constipation, Bright’s
Disease, Rheumatism, Gout, Liver Com=
plaints. General Debility. Kidney and Liver
Troubles, and Skin Diseases.
Write for booklet and rates for board.
R. L. FOX, Lessee.
PAPER HANGING,
Painting, Graining, Kalsomining,
Hardwood Finishing, Varnishing,
Gilding and Decorating of all kinds.
JAMES F. BUTLER,
P. O. Box 270. 117 York. W et. Bell Phono 1149.
BOILERS and ENGINES
Tanks, Starks, Stand-pipes and Sheet Iron Work, Shafting, Pulleys, Gearing,
Boxes, Hangers, etc. Building Castings—cast every day; capacity, 300 hands.
LOMBARD FOUNDRY, MACHINE A BOILER WORKS, Augusta, Ga.
IF YOU WANT GOOD MATERIAL AND WORK ORDER YOUR LITH
OGRAPH AND PRINTED STATIONERY AND BLANK BOOKS FROM
THE MORNING NEWS, SAVANNAH, GA
PAGES 17 TO 28.