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the heart of the SHIPPING QUESTION. from the New York Journal of Com merce. At the hearing’ of the sub-committee of the Congressional Merchant Marine Commission at Brunswick. Ga., a prominent citizen of that town, a mere lawyer who had no direct personal In terest in ships or in foreign trade, made this illuminating statement: “The American people have found the ave j- jos of agriculture, commerce and manufactures so much more profitable than to engage in shipbuilding and operation that they have hitherto chosen to send their exports In foreign bottoms, and this condition will con tinue until either a bounty in some of the forms named Is given or shipping j 9 made free, or the system which makes the manufacture of ships so much more costly in the United States then in foreign countries is wiped off our statute books.” The report of the address of this Mr. Kay of Bruns wick, Ga., does not indicate which al ternative he advocated, but the few words quoted revealed "the heart of the mystery” of why the American people do not build ships and engage In the foreign carrying trade. It is pimply because they are more profit ably employed in other ways and cart bitter afford to pay foreigners to do their ocean carrying than to do it themselves. This is the whole secret tit '.he bottom of ail the labored ex planations of "why this is thus,” the tost of building, the cost of navigating under the American flag, the reluct ance of Americans to go to sea. and all the rest of it. Capital and labor can do better by bestowing their ef forts upon our internal resources, in dustries and trade than by entering Into the competition of carrying com modities on the ocean, and they make and save more by hiring others to do the carrying that 'they need to have dune. The explanation is simple and it is sufficient. The question then is whether for ether reasons than business profit or advantage, for other than economic and commercial reasons, the nation should have a large merchant marine of its own and is willing to pay the price, for it would have, to be paid for and the cost would come out of the productive industries of the coun tp\ If, apart from the clog of tariff and navigation laws, it costs more to build ships iri this country and oper ate them on the ocean than it costs in other countries, it is because capital can get more profit and labor better wages in other employments in this country than they can get in other countries. They have no inducement for going from the better paying to the worse paying, while in other coun tiies there is no occasion for that, since shipping pays as well as other things that capital and labor engage in. If we must have a merchant ma rine, more than we can have by mere ly lemoving obstructions and restric tions, and if we must build the ships as well as operate them, this differ ence in cost and profit must be made uo in order to turn capital and labor into that business, and it must be made up at the expense of capital and libor that are otherwise and more profitably employed. It makes no dif ference whether this is done by pay ing bounties or subsidies, by burdens on foreign shipping that compel our people to pay higher freights, or by any other device, there must be ex tracted from the fruits of our produc ts ve energy on land sufficient to di vert a part of it to the sea and main tain it there, and the cost will be de cidedly greater than all we pay to the foreigners for fetching and carrying for us. If there are other than economic and commercial reasons for building up American shipping, let that be ac knowledged and attention devoted to the best method of securing It. Let the real reasons be admitted and in sisted upon, the real cost recognized and counted, and let us drop the pre tense that it is for the benefit of for eign trade or to the advantage of American capital and labor. It Is really a question of how much we are willing to pay for a large merchant marine, and whether reasons for hav ing it are sufficient to justify the tax upon everything else. BIRDS HURRYING’ SOUTHWARD. Wild Geese Have Picked Out Their Wlsexl Lenders. From the New York Sun. Lachine, Canada, Nov. 19.—A1l the woodland signs familiar to the men of the North point toward an early and a pretty hard winter. The first pair of ducks killed in September pointed in that direction. ''Pretty tough, eh? Scarce any down yet, and big pinfeathers well out on both tall and wings,” the lank old hunter remarked, who brought them in. Nature had prepared the young birds for flight before the regular time when the warmth-giving down should have covered the body. And with the obedi ence to natural law generally charac teristic of every living thing but man, the birds started southward as soon as the power of light came to them. In fact, all the slower flying heavier ducks had made their way well down toward their regular wintering places before the destructive gales of a week ago set in. And it is well they did so. How destructive such driving storms Of snow are to the migratory birds few People know. A large flock of wild geese was caught In Sunday's storm In a Nova Scotia village. They had evidently sailed dead against the upcoming storm until the EfJTiP sno l v had heavily weighted their feathers, blinded their eyes and tired them out. The chimneys and roofs of the houses confused them as they wheeled earthward. , OT two struggled to the ground damaged wings. One broke its *}* aa and neck against a high gable. at laßt the whole flock alighted !, n a J ar *e back yard and cowered ednese tf>8 * ther ,n utter helpless wretch- An immense drove of blackbirds, or Tekles, met with a somewhat similar thlL . 1 v< T y far from thlß P***e. And these unmelodious starlings are among ir h e .„ vtry hardiest of migratory birds, wpretaken by the hundred, by noys wb° discover thorn huddled to ? * t h hl~ wlth , the under their hurt a nd matted with the twed thaWed now they had encoun are ,n extremely large J hl * Greater care than for .Ir taken In choosing the guides liiov A po ** wedge formation they always adopt In flight. nlac r ol battles have taken leat.r. Nnethern lakes between the * ‘s* broods to the none of , Ther has been has io f / thtet Bplm of compromise which flo£k. p’T* 1 ’ y *“ arß allowed assembled or sv. B .h fl ' Wt separately under two, -rn n ,hrf '® commanders, finish havß r>ne to a shooVrs A a consequence duck (gimiers "I®* wl * k more solitary These A f° r Team previously, drove aspirants to to who bava been made "tr*nth P fellows ' ff th * ‘ ommo " ood of their Inference that the*# saga wither •toSST* “ m ®®‘ w "b heavy ll , L , ?l ,raoHlnar,,y uuna U cCv. ih-“ W *-“ “ "■** vigor. f#f ttfc# inUftTK# Of “You Fill Up on That Corn; if I Eat. It You Will Fill Up on Me.” the flying wedge on its passage through the storms. As usual after storms which travel in a northerly direction, some flights of ducks have been noticed going north also. Doubtless these are birds who doubt their ability to cope with head winds and have decided to scud be fore the storm. Old trappers laugh meaningly as these birds pass, and remark careless ly: “They are going to winter at Lfac Chaud.” This is, according to a very old Indian notion, a mythical lake at the top of the mountains, where frost never strikes, where the spirit of the wild duck is always kept as seed for the preservation of their kind. It is Just possible that there are lakes, fed by warm springs, which do not freeze in ordinary winters, where a few of the hardier, smaller ducks winter. Asa rule, an expert hunter will tell within a few days of when the black frost will make things solid, by the times the different varieties of ducks begin their annual fall migration. That means a forecast of a good month and a half before the event happens. That little brother of the beaver, as he is sometimes termed, the muskrat, furnishes much information to the woodsman. Most commonly the musk rats build conical heaps of rushes and flags, from two to five feet high, amid the reeds at the edges of lakes. Last winter's heaps were about six feet high above water, and of about the same circumference. Observers re marked that these immense heaps pre saged an unusually hard and long win ter, a prophecy which proved to be true. , This year the heaps are large again. In fact, If thse piles were the only data men had to calculate from, one might expect winter to set in between Nov. 22 and 30, and to be of intense severity. But it must be borne in mind that the rat builds large stacks against winters when the snow is light and there are many thaws to raise the waters. And he has to be on his guard against a sudden and occasional frost, which would spoil his provender if not previously harvested. There are regular stated places In good hunting countries, known as stamping grounds, where the stags meet to settle their differences. If these meetings take place early in the autumn, the next spring Is go ing- to be early also. Deer hunters agree that this year the stags were fighting after the shooting season had well advanced, so that it Is not un likely that we are in for a long win ter, or that at any rate it will be well on in April before the year warms up thoroughly. Experienced men are accustomed to estimate the length of the winter by the supplies laid up by the chipmunks. Indian lore makes a great deal of this test, and credits the merry little strip ed thing with a great deal of wisdom. Supplies are large this year, so that the winter Is likely to be long, ac cording to squirrel foresight. CHeer Ei Eating and Sleeping || ED are the two great roads to H H health. Hentz's Curative I Bitters give a keen appe- M HI tite, good digestion, quiet f HI nerves, sound sleep. gw! When you eat well and Eg fW sleep well Nature doe* the 13 M rest. 4-1 B For full particulars read || the booklet "CHEER UP” 14 HI free at drug stores or M S9 mailed by U ftj HENTZ’S BITTERS CO.. I t |P| Philadelphia. f ’ f SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. SavannaFßreparator^chooi Barnard St., between Gwinnett and Hall. Instructors for 1904. Ormond B. Strong. A. 8.. Cornell, Mathematics. Horace Mack, A. 8., Cornell, A. M., Yale. Drawing, English Grammar and Lit erature. Samuel W. Conns, A. 8., Trinity, Hlstonr and Geography. Chas. H. Hayes, A. 8.. Princeton. Latin and Greek. Eric Berstrom, Ph. D.. Harvard, Physics, Chemistry, German. Miss Mary Weyne, Vassar, Bending and Spelling. The strongest faculty ever secured by the school. Fail Session Will Kerin Oct. I. BRADFORD'S EVAPORATED OKRA. Make* th* flneet Mups and gum ho*. Sold by *ll l*uUlny fructra I ct*. par bos. M. Fant'i bon* 4k Cos., Who!#**!* Agent*. SAVANNAH MORNING NEWS: THURSDAY. NOVEMBER 24. 1901. LEAN TURKEY FOR A LONG LIFE. Fur trappers have their own code of signs, derived from the adhesion of the pelt to the body, the thickness of hides, the brightness of skins on the reversed side, and the coloring of va riable furs such as mink, otter, and beaver. Roughly speaking the best, that Is the darkest fur, is obtained at the be ginning of the hard winters. The skins are most easily removed when nature has provided much fall feed ing material and fattened the owners against severe weather. Pelts come to full maturity late, according to some authorities, when the winter is going to be prolonged. Though it is early yet to tell much about fur, trappers agree that we are in for a fairly hard season. The bears have not sought their dens as yet. Some hunters say that bruin is never mistaken about the amount of bedclothing he will require for the winter. In some mild seasons he will squeeze himself intoi a hollow tree and snore away there, wrapped merely in his own fur coat. At other times he will make a deep comfortable nest in the midst of sev eral feet of dried leaves, carefully cov ering every vestige of his body. He is generally careful when the winter is about to be very cold to have a good back log, or the sheer side of an up turned root, to shelter him on the windy side. And he goes to bed early, before the hard weather deprives him of food and reduces his fat, when he fears an exceptionally trying season. So far no one appears to have discovered a denned up bear, so that we are hardly likely to have snow and hard f Big Spring Dist Cos., Savannah, Ga., Distributors. J ONLY ONE NIGHT OUT EN ROUTE TO ST. LOUIS, MO., —VIA— SEABOARD AIR LINE RAILWAY. Direct connection In Union Depot, Montgomery, with through stern er for St. Louis. LOW EXCURSION RATES ACCOUNT Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 15 day, 60 day, and season tichets on sale daily. Very Low Rate Coach Excursion Tickets, limited 10 days from date of anlr returning, will be sold each Tuesday and Thursday during month Ftill Information upon application to any agent Seaboard Air Line Railway, or to CH >RLES P. STEWART, Asst. G. P. A., Savannah, G. Louisville and Nashville Railroad Shortest, Best and Quickest Line to WORLD’S FAIR, St. Louis 3—TRAINS DAILY-3 FOUR HOURS QUICKEST ROUTE With through Pullman MUsplng and Dining Can. Low raU UckcU sold dally. Ost rates from your local agent Ask for tickets via L. A N. ■top-over allowed at MAMbfOTIf CAVE. Pull Information an application to $, (j, HOLLENMKOK Dl strict Pa Manger Agent, Atlanta, Qa. frost for another week or two at any rate. Weasels, ermines, and hares, which assume white coats for winter, have not much judgment about seasons. They generally change color about the same time every year, whether the snow comes early or late. No woods man pretends to divine from such creatures as change their color for the seasons. MOORMAN AND~A/OMEN ARE AGAIN ARRESTED. New Evidence Found In the Wil liam. Murder Case. Wrightsville, Ga., Nov. 23 'The Clayton L. Williams murder cases were again called to-day. Lofton Out law was first put on trial and the case consumed the entire day. Objection having been made by defendants to Judge Allen, the case was heard by Judge Prescott, who ordered that Out law be held for the murder without bail. Walker will be tried to-morrow. A sensational turn was given the case by the issuance of another war rant for the re-arrest of Moorman and the women, Belle Williams and Lizzie Edge, who were released last week. They will demand immediate trial and the result Is anxiously awaited, it being thought that the state has discovered other and strong er evidence than was developed last week. 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It tones up the whole digestive appa ratus. Puts the Liver in the best condition possible. Gives a splendid appetite. Renews strength and restores vitality. WHAT MERCHANTS NEED. All merchant*, big or llttla, ae.d stationery. Thay do not almply need stationery, but thay need OOOT) stationery. Poor Isttar head* to even a small flrm, is like untied shoes, or unkempt hair. Ther* la no accuse for It. Prices are about th* same. Any merohant can hav* th* beat. Horne flrm* are often d*c*,r*d In what they buy. They Intend, doubt!*#*, to hav* the best. The surest way to get the beat Is to place your or der with a printing house that has a reputation. A house of long standing and known for fair dealing, Such a house la th* MORNING NICWH. It coats you nothing for u* to oatimato on your work. Writ* us and Ist us com* to sea you. The Savannah Morning News Job Department, t. H. UHTILU President, Mavanaeh. On. 9