The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, December 07, 1904, Page 10, Image 10

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10 Inc, to give object lessons to our peo ple In methods by which worthless lands may be made productive. The insect friends and enemies of the farmer are Retting attention. The enemy of the San Jose scale was found near the Great Wall of China, and is now cleaning up all our orchards. The fig-fertilizing insect imported from Turkey has helped to establish an in dustry in California that amounts to from fifty to one hundred tons of dried figs annually, and is extending over the Pacific coast. A parasitic fly from South Africa is keeping in subjection the black scale, the worst pest of the orange and lemon industry in Cali fornia. Silk Cnlmre. Careful preliminary work Is being done towards producing our own silk. The mulberry is being distributed in large numbers, eggs are being import ed and distributed, improved reels were imported from Europe last year, and two expert reelers were brought to Washington to reel the crop of co coons and teach the art to our own people. The crop-reporting system of the Department of Agriculture Is being brought closer to accuracy every year. It has 250,000 reporters select ed front people in eight vacations in life. It has arrangements with most European countries for interchange of estimates, so that our people may know as nearly as possible with what they must compete. Irrigation. During the two and a half years that have elapsed since the passage of the reclamation act rapid progress has been made in the surveys and ex aminations of the opportunities for reclamation in the thirteen states and three territories of the arid West. Construction has already been begun on the largest and most important of the irrigation works, and plans are be ing completed for works which will utilize the funds now available. The operations are being carried on by the reclamation service, a corps of engin eers selected through competitive civil service examinations. This corps in cludes experienced , consulting and constructing engineers as well as va rious experts in mechanical and le gal matters, and is composed largely of men who have spent most of their lives in practical affairs connected with irrigation. To Carry Out a Great Work. The larger problems have been solv ed and it now remains to execute with care, economy, and thoroughness the work which has been laid out. All important details are being carefully considered by boards of consulting en gineers, selected for their thorough knowledge and practical experience. Each project is taken up on the ground by competent men and viewed from the standpoint of the creation of pros perous homes, and of promptly re funding to the treasury the cost of construction. The reclamation act has been found to be remarkably complete and effective, and so broad in its provisions that a wide range of un dertakings has been possible under it. At the same time, economy is guar anteed by the fact that the funds must ultimately be returned to be used over a"ain. PROTECTION OF THE FORESTS. The Government's Fore at Poliey One of Vital Interest. It Is the cardinal principle of the forest-reserve policy of this adminis tration that the reserves are for use. Whatever interferes with the use of their resources is to be avoided by every possible means. But these re sources mu3t be used in such a way as to make them permanent. The forest policy of the government is just now a subject of vivid public interest throughout the West and to the people of the United States in gen eral. The forest reserves themselves are of extreme value to the present as well as to the future welfare of all the western public land states. They powerfully affect the use and disposal of the public lands. They are of special importance because they preserve the water supply and the supply of timber for domestic pur poses, and so promote settlement un der the reclamation act. Indeed, they are essential to the welfare of every one of the great Interests of the West. The Purpose of Forest Reserves. Forest reserves are created for two principal purposes. The first is to pre serve the water supply. This is their most important use. The principal users of the water thus preserved are irrigation ranchers and settlers, cities and towns to whom their municipal water supplies are of the very first importance, users and furnishers of water power, and the users of water for domestic, manufacturing, mining, and other purposes. All these are di rectly dependent upon the forest re serves. The second reason for which forest reserves are created is to preserve the timber supply for various classes of wood users. Among the more impor tant of these are settlers under the reclamation act and other acts, for ■whom a cheap and accessible supply of timber for domestic users is abso lutely necessary; miners and prospec tors. who are in serious danger of los ing their timber supply by fire or through export by lumber companies when timber lands adjacent to their mines pass into private ownership; lumbermen, transportation companies, builders and commercial interests in general. The Forest Reserve Tolley. Although the wisdom of creating for est reserves is nearly everywhere heartily recognized, yet In a few lo calities there has been misunderstand ing and complaint. The following statement Is therefore desirable: The forest reserve policy can be suc cessful only when it has the full sup port of the people, of the West. It can not safely, and should not In any case, be imposed upon them against their will. But neither can we accept the views of those whose only tnterest in the forest Is temporary; who are anxious to reap what they have not sown and then move away, leaving desolation behind them. On the con trary, It is everywhere and always the Interest of the permanent settler and the permanent business man, the man with a stake In the country, which must bo considered and which must decide. Within Land Grunt Liinlta. The making of forest reserves with in railroad and wagon road land-grant limits will hereafter, as for the past three years, be so managed as to pre vent the issue, under the act of June 4, 1897, of base for exchange In lieu selection (usually called scrip.) In all cases where forest reserves within areas oovered by land grants appear to be essential to the prosperity of set tlers, miners or others, the govern ment lands within such proposed for est reserves will, as In the recent past, be withdrawn from sale or entry pend ing the completion of such negotiations with the owners of the land grants as will prevent the creation of so-called scrip. It was formerly the custom to make forest reserves without first getting definite and detailed Information as to the character of land and Umber within their boundaries. This method of action often resulted In badly chosen boundaries and consequent in justice to settlers and others. There for# this administration adopted the present method of first withdrawing •he land 'om disposal, followed by careful egsmlnsUon on the ground and ths preparation of detailed maps gnd descriptions, before any forest reserve is created. Should Be Intler One Control. I have repeatedly called attention to the confusion which exists in govern ment forest matters because the work is scattered among three independent organizations. The United States is the only one of the great nations in which the forest work of the govern ment is not concentrated under one de partment, in consonance with the plainest dictates of good administra tion and common sense. The present arrangement is bad from every point of view. Merely to mention it is to prove that it should be terminated at once. As 1 have repeatedly recom mended. all the forest work of the government should be concentrated In the Department of Agriculture, where the larger part of that work Is al ready done, where practically all of the trained foresters of the govern ment are employed, where chiefly in Washington there is comprehensive first-hand knowledge of the problems of the reserves acquired on the ground, where all problems relating to growth from the soil are already gathered, and where all the sciences auxiliary to forestry are at hand for prompt and effective co-operation. Ill'll for Centralized Manage- ment. These reasons are decisive in them selves, but it should be added that the great organizations of citizens whose interests are affected by the forest re serves, such as the National Live Stock Association, the National Wool Growers' Association, the American Mining Congress, the National Irriga tion Congress and the National Board of Trade, have uniformly, emphatical ly. and most of them repeatedly, ex pressed themselves in favor of plac ing all government forest work in the Department of Agriculture because of the peculiar adaptation of that depart ment for it. It is true, also, that the forest services of nearly all the great nations of the world are under the re spective departments of agriculture, while in but two of the smaller na tions and in one colony are they un der the Department of the Interior. This is the result of long and varied experience and it agrees fully with the requirements of good administra tion in our own case. A Forest Service Proposed. The creation of a forest service in the Department of Agriculture will have for its important results: First. A better handling of all for est work, because it will be under a single head, and because the vast and indispensable experience of the de partment in all matters pertaining to the forest reserves, to forestry in gen eral, and to other forms of production from the soil, will be easily and rap idly accessible. Second. The reserves themselves, being handled from the point of view of the man in the field, instead of the man in the office, will be more easily and more widely useful to the people of the West than has been the case hitherto. Third. Within a comparatively short time the reserves will become self-supporting. This is important, because continually and rapidly in creasing appropriations will be neces sary for the proper care of this ex ceedingly important interest of the nation, and they can and should be offset by returns from the national forests. Under similar circumstances the forest possessions of other great nations form an important source of revenue to their governments. Every administrative officer con cerned is convinced of the necessity for the proposed consolidation of for est work in the Department of Agri culture, and I myself have ufged it more than once in former messages. Again I commend it to the early and favorable consideration of the Con gress. The interests of the nation at large and of the West, in particular have suffered greatly because of the delay. Public Land* and Game Preserve*. I cal! the attention of the Congress again to the report and recommenda tion of the Commission on the Public Lands forwarded by me to the second session of the present Congress. The commission has prosecuted its investi gations actively during the past sea son. and a second report is now in an advanced stage of preparation. In connection with the work of the forest reserves I desire again to urge upon the Congress the importance of authorizing the President to set aside certain portions of these reserves or other public lands as game refuges for the preservation of the bison, the wapiti, and other large beasts once so abundant in our woods and mountains and on our great plains, and now tend ing toward extinction. Protection o( Large Game. Every support should be give to the authorities of the Yellowstone Park in their successful efforts at preserving the large creatures therein; and at very little expense portions of the pub lic domain in other regions which are wholly unsuited to agricultural settle ment could be similarly utilized. We owe it to future generations to keep alive the noble and beautiful crea tures which bv their presence add such distinctive character to the Amer ican wilderness. The limits of the Yel lowstone Park should be extended southwards. The Canyon of the Colo rado should be made a national park: and the national park system should Include the Yosemlte and as many as tsS§r urbJnS *** fetyjy f 7 r The Glory of 9 V Maternity. I O Nature, if left alone, will cure for itself; ■ ■ this might have been true at some pre-historic I ■ time, but since for ages it has not been left 0 ffl alone, but has been bound down and fettered H ■ by the observances and mandates of society, it H H can no longer care for itaelf. pt ■ At no time does the truth of this appeal to us I Kg more strongly than at that period of a woman’s I D life when she is about to become a mother. II ■ Nature must assisted at this crisis, and H ■ for this very contingency gj MOTHER’S FRIEND H has been devised that the muscles and tissues I gj imprisoned and weakened as they have been I ■ by the drc&s ol our higher civilisation, may H ■ fulfill witliout undue suffering and |>>asihle H I lasting harm, the fun turns lor which the Crea- H SI Mother’s Friend by its kindly offices softens B ■ aid relaxes these puts and enables the mother I ■ *o he, to ;*ass through the parturient period I ■ and actual crisis with practically no suffering D 9 to herself and an easy delivery of her offspring. H ig Itu applied •Eternally as a massage, and is 9 ■ a non-irritating, soothing, and most iffhaciont I ■ liniment. SI.OO. All druggists. Our book Q ■ '* Motherhood ” tent free on request M I UraUllolii Rogulaiur 00., I nr lam a. oa. SAVANNAH MORNING NEWS: WEDNESDAY. DECEMBEK 7. liKi4. possible of the groves of giant trees in California. The veterans of the Civil War have a claim upon the nation such as no other body of our citizens possess. The Pension Bureau has never in Its his tory been managed in a more satisfac tory manner than is now the case. PHOGKKSB OF TUB INDIANS t Toward* Civilization All That C'onlO He Hoped For. The progress of the Indians toward civilization, though not rapid, is per haps all that could be hoped for in view of the circumstances. Within the past ydar many tribes have shown, in a degree greater than ever before, an appreciation of the necessity of work. This changed attitude is in part due to the policy recently pursued of re ducing the amount of subsistence to the Indians, and thus forcing them, through sheer necessity, to work for a livelihood. The policy, though severe, is a useful one, but it is to be exer cised only with judgment and with a full understanding of the conditions which exist in each community for which it is intended. On or near the Indian reservations there is usually very little demand for labor, and if the Indians are to earn their living and when work can not be furnished from outside (which is always preferable), then it must be furnished by the gov ernment. Practical instruction of this kind would in a few years result in the forming of habits of regular industry, which would render the Indian a producer and would effect a great re duction in the cost of his maintenance. The Inilinii Service Unsatisfactory. It is commonly declared that the slow advance of the Indians is due to the unsatisfactory character of the men appointed to take immediate charge of them, and to some extent this is true. While the standard of the em ployes in the Indian Service showj great improvement over that of by gone years, and while actual corrup tion or flagrant dishonesty Is now the t'are exception, it is nevertheless the fact that the salaries paid Indian agents are not large enough to attract the best men to that field of work. To achieve satisfactory results the official in ch~.rge of an Indian tribe should possess the high qualifications which are required in the manager of a large business, but only in exceptional cases is it possible to secure men of such a type for these positions. Much better service, however, might be ob tained from those now holding the places were it practicable to get out of them the best that is in them, and this should be done by bringing them constantly into closer touch with their superior officers. An agent who has been content to draw his salary, giv ing in return the least possible equi valent in effort and service, may, by proper treatment, by suggestion and encouragement, or persistent urging, be stimulated to greater effort and in duced to fiake a more active personal interest in his work. Out uf Touch With the Bureau. Under existing conditions an Indian agent in the distant West may be wholly out of touch with the office of the Indian Bureau. He may very well feel that no one takes a personal in terest in him or his efforts. Certain routine duties in the way of reports and accounts are required of him, but there is no one with whom he may intelligently consult on matters vital to his work, except after long delay. Such a man would be greatly encour aged and aided by personal contact with someone whose interest in In dian affairs and whose authority in the Indian Bureau were greater than his own, and such contact would be certain to arouse and constantly in crease the interest he takes in his work. Obstacles to Indian Progress. The distance which separates the agents—the workers in the field—front the Indian Office in Washington is a chief obstacle to Indian progress. Whatever shall more closely unite these two branches of the Indian serv ice, and shall enable them to co-oper ate more heartily and more effectively, will be for the Increased efficiency of the work and the betterment of the race for whose improvement the In dian Bureau was established. The ap pointment of a field assistant to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs would be certain to insure this good end. Such an official, if possessed of the requisite energy and deep interest in the work, would be a most efficient factor in bringing into closer relation ship and a more direct union of effort the bureau in Washington and its agents in the field; and with the co operation of its branches thus secured the Indian Bureau would, in measure fuller than ever before, lift up the sav age toward that self-help and self-re liance which constitute the man. In 1907 there will be held at Hamp ,ton Hoads the trl-centennial celebra tion of the settlement at Jamestown, Va., with which the history of what has now become the United States really begins. 1 commend this to your favorable consideration. It is an event of prime historic significance, in which all the people of the United States should feel, and should show, great and general interest. The Postal Service. In the Postoffice Department the service has increased in efficiency, and ccndltions as to revenue and expendi ture continue satisfactory. The in crease of revenue during the year was $9,358.151.10, or 6.9 per cent., the total receipts amounting to $143,382,624.31. The expenditures were $152,362,116.70. an increase of about 9 per cent, over the previous year, being thus $8,979,492.36 In excess of the current revenue. In eluded in these expenditures was a to tal appropriation of $12,956,637.35 for the continuation and extension of the rural free-dellvery service, which was an increase of $4,902,237.35 over the amount expended for this purpose In the preceding fiscal year. Large as this expenditure has been the bene ficent results attained In extending the free distribution of mails to the resi dents of rural districts have justified the wisdom of the outlay. Statistics brought down to Oct. 1, 1904, show that on that date there were 27,138 rural routes established, serving ap proximately 12.000,000 of people in rural districts remote from postofflees, and that there were pending at that time .3.859 petitions for the establishment of new rural routes. Unquestionably some part of the general Increase In receipts is due to the increased postal facilities which the rural service has afforded. The revenues have also been aided greatly by amendments in the classification of mall matter, and the curtailment of abuses of the second class mailing privilege. The average Increase In the volume of mall mat ter for the period beginning with 1902 and ending June, 1905 ithat portion of 1905 being estimated). Is 40.47 per cent., as compared with 25.46 per cent, for the period immediately preceding, and 15.92 for the four-year period Imme diately preceding that. The Cousiilnr Service. Our consular system needs Improve ment. Salaries should be substituted for fees, and the proper classification, grading, and transfer of consular of ficers should be provided. I am not prepared la aay that a competitive sya tem of examinations for appointment would work well; hut by law It should be provided that consuls should be familiar, according to placea for which •hey apply, with the French. German, or Mpunlsh languages, and should possess acquaintance with the resources if the Cnlted Htftth*. The < ollection of objects of art con templated In section fi5M of the Itrvjs vd Statutes should tw designated and established as a national gallery of art; and the Smithsonian Institution should be authorized to accept any ad ditions to said collection that may be received by gift, bequest, or devise. A National (Quarantine l.un. It is desirable to enact a proper na tional quarantine law. It is most un desirable that a stale should on its own initiative enforce quarantine reg ulations which are in effect a restric tion upon interstate and international commerce. The question should prop erly be assumed by the government alone. The surgeon general of the National Public Health and Marine Hospital Service has repeatedly and convincingly set forth the need for such legislation. I call your attention to the great ex tranvagance in printing and binding government publications, and especial ly to the fact that altogether too many of these publications are print ed. There is a constant tendency to increase their number and their vol ume. It is an understatement to say that no appreciable harm would be caused by, and substantial benefit would aceure from, decreasing the amount of printing now done by at least-one-half. Probably the great majority of the government reports and the like now printed are never read at all, and furthermore the print ing of much of the material contain ed in many of the remaining ones serves no useful purpose whatever. The Currency. The attention of the Congress should be especially given to the cur rency question, and that the standing committees on the matter in the two houses charged with the duty, take up the matter of our currency and see whether it is not possible to secure an agreement in the business world for bettering ttje system; the commitees should consider the question of the retirement of the greenbacks and the problem of securing in our currency such elasticity as is consistent with safety. Every silver dollar should be made by law redeemable in gold at the option of the holder. I especially commend to your imme diate attention the encouragement of our merchant marine by appropriate legislation. THADH A\D IMMIGRATION. Tlie Extension of One) the Regula tion of the Other. * The growing importance of the Orient as a field for Americ'an exports drew from my predecessor, President Mc- Kinley, an urgent request for its spe cial consideration by the Congress. In his message of 1898 he stated: “In this relation, as showing the pe culiar volume and value of our trade with China and the peculiarly favor able conditions which exist for their ex pansion in the normal course of trade, I refer to the communication address ed to the Speaker of the House of Rep resentatives by the Secretary of the Treasury on the 14th of last June, with its accompanying letter of the Secretary of State, recommending an appropria tion for a commission to study the in dustrial and commercial conditions in the Chinese Empire and to report as to the opportunities for and the obsta cles to the enlargement of markets in China for the raw products and manu factures of the United States. Action was not taken thereon during the last session. I cordially urge that the recommendation receive at your hands the consideration which its importance and timeliness merit.” In his annual message of 1899 he again called attention to this recommenda tion, quoting it. and stated further: For Trade in China. "I now renew this recommendation, as the importance of the subject has steadily grown sirice it was first sub mitted to you, and no time should be lost in studying for ourselves the re sources of this great field for Amer ican trade and enterprise.” The importance of securing proper information and data with a view lo the enlargement of our trade with Asia is undiminished. Our consular repre sentatives in China have strongly urg ed a place for permanent display of American products in some prominent trade center of tttat Empire, under government control and management, as an effective means of advancing our export trade therein. I call the atten tion of the Congress to the desirability of carrying out these suggestions. Immigration aml Naturalization. In dealing with the questions of im migration and naturalization it is in dispensable to keep certain facts ever before the minds of those who share in enacting the laws. First and fore most, let us remember that the ques tion of being a good American has nothing whatever to do with a man’s birthplace any more than it has to do with his creed. In every generation from the time this government was founded men of foreign birth have stood in the very foremost rank of good citizenship, and that not merely in one but in every field of American activity; white to try to draw a dis tinction between the man whose, par ents came to this country and the man whose ancestors came to it several generations back is a mere absurdity. Good Americanism. Good Americanism Is a matter of heart, of conscience, of lofty aspira tion. of sound common sense, but not of birthplace or of creed. The medal of honor, the highest prize to be won by those who serve in the army and the navy of the United States deco rates men born here, and it also deco rates men born in Great Britain and Ireland, in Germany, in Scandinavia, in France, and doubtless In other countries also. In the field of States manship, in the field of business, in the field of philanthropic endeavor, it is equally true that among the men of whom we are most proud as Ameri cans no distinction whatever can be drawn between those who themselves or whose parents came over in sail ing ship or steamer from across the water and those whose ancestors stepped ashore in thfe wooded wilder ness at Plymouth or at the mouth of the Hudson, the Delaware or the James nearly three centuries ago. No fellow-citizen of ours is entitled to any peculiar regard because of the way in which he worships his Maker, or be cause of the birthplace of himself or his parents, nor should he be in any act like Exercise. ifew -for the Bowels; <lf X il ~, All ■ Druggists! BELL PHONE 2170 — * BOARDTRADE BLOC way discriminated’ against therefor. Each must stand on his worth as a man and each is entitled to be judged solely thereby. Hanger In Too Many Immigrant*. There is no danger of having too many immigrants of the right kind. It makes no difference from what country they come. If they are sound in body and in mind, and, above all, if they are of good character, so that we can rest assured that their child ren and grandchildren will be worthy fellow citizens of our children and grandchildren, then we’ should welcome them with cordial hospitality. But the citizenship of this country should not be debased. It is vital that we should keep high the standard of well-being among our wage-workers, and therefore we should not admit masses of men whose standards of liv ing and whose person*.! 1 customs and habits are such that they tend to low er the level of the American wage worker; and above all we should not admit any man of ail unworthy type, any man concerning whom we can s’ay that he will himself be a bad citi zen, or that his children and grand children will detract from instead of adding to the sum of the good citi zenship of the country. Similarly we should take the greatest care about naturalization. Fradulent natutializa tion, the naturalization of improper persons, is a curse to our government; and it is the affair of every honest voter, wherever born, to see that no fraudulent voting is allowed, that no fraud in connection with nauralization is permitted. Naturalization Frnul*. In the past year the cases of false, fraudulent, and improper naturaliza tion of aliens coming to the attention of the executive benches of the gov ernment have increased to an al’arm ing degree. Extensive sales of forged certificates of naturalization have been discovered, as well as many cases of naturalization secured by perjury and fraud, addition, instances have accumulated showing that many courts issue certificates of naturalization carelessly ‘and upon insufficient evi dence. Under the Constitution it is in the power of the Congress "to establish a uniform rule .of naturalization,” and numerous laws have from time to time been enacted for that purpose, whicl: have been supplemented in a few states by state laws having special application. The federal statutes per mit naturalization by any court of rec ord in the United States having com mon law jurisdiction and a seal and clerk, except the police court of the District of Columbia, and nearly all of these courts exercise this import ant function. It results that where so many courts of such varying grades have jurisdiction, there is lack of uni formity in the rules applied in con ferring naturalization. Some courts are strict and others lax. An alien who may secure naturalization in one place might be denied it in another, and the intent of the constitutional provision is in fact defeated. Further more, the certificates of naturalization issued by the courts differ widely in wording, and appearance, and when they are brought into use in foreign countries, are frequently subject to suspicion. Laws Should Be Revised. There should be. a comprehensive re vision of the naturalization laws. The courts having power to naturalize should be definitely named by national :authority; the testimony upon which naturalization may be conferred should be definitely prescribed; publication of impending naturalization applications should be required in advance of their hearing in court; the form and word ing of all certificates issued should be uniform throughout the country, and the courts should be required to make returns to the Secretary of State at stated periods of all naturalizations conferred. Not only are the laws relating to naturalization now defective, but those relating to citizenship of the United States ought also to be made the sub ject of scientific Inquiry with a view to probable further legislation. Citizenship Laws. By what acts expatriation may be assumed to have been accomplished, how long an American citizen may reside abroad and receive the protec tion of our passport, whether any de gree of protection should be extended to one who has made the declaration of Intention to become a citizen of the United States but has not secured naturalization, are questions of serious import, involving personal rights and often producing friction between this government and foreign governments. Yet upon these questions our laws are silent. I recommend that an examina tion be made into the subjects of citizenship, expatriation, and protec tion of Americans abroad, with a view to appropriate legislation. PROTECTION OF THE n.VLLOT, Tlie Enactment of a Law Against Bribery Recommended. The power of the government to pro tect the Integrity of the elections of its own officials is inherent and has been recognized and affirmed by repeated declarations of the Supreme Court. There Is no enemy of free government more dangerous and none so insidious as the corruption of the electorate. No one defends or excuses corruption, and It would seem to follow that none would oppose vigorous measures to eradicate it. I recommend the enact ment of a law directed against bribery and corruption in federal elections. The details of such a law may be safely left to the wise discretion of the Con gress, but it should go as far as under the constitution it is possible to go, and should Include severe penalties against him who gives or receives a bribe intended to Influence his act or opinion as an elector; and provisions for the publication not only of the ex penditures for nominations and elec tions of all candidates but also of all contributions received and ex penditures made by political commit tees. Delays In Criminal Proserntlons. No subject Is better worthy the at tention of the Congress than that por tion of the report of the Attorney Gen eral dealing with the long delays and the great obstruction to Justice expe- gAWonderful Combination I : In designing our Light Tonneau Car we first obtained Oldsmobile reliability, the next problems were strength, com fort and handsome appearance. Usually automobiles have only one or two of these attributes. We have combined all four in the Oldsmobile Light Tonneau Car at a wonderfuly '(M low price. fa The reliability comes from simple mechanism —by know- J.?| ing what to avoid, what to put in and how to make it. It is H I,! a marvel of simple construction and will outclass 95 per cent. V 5 of the cars of its weight on the market. As It made the run from New York to St. Louis, 1500 • -,| miles, with only one involuntary stop (the breaking of a chain). if ■ It was the most reliable car on the run. 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