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10 The Campaigns ALONG THE LINE OF THE Western & Atlantic Railroad. The Historic Battlefields Route of America. The army operations along the line of the West ern A Atlantic Railroad during the great “ War between the States” began early in September, 1863, after Rosecrans, by his movements through the mountain passes son th west of Chattanooga, into the Chickamauga Valley, had forced the evacuation of that point by the Confed erate army under General Bragg. A fte rseveral days o f ma neuvering, during which there were occasionally se vere skirmishes or minor engagements between the two armies, the great bat tle of Chickamauga began September 18, 1863. This was along the line of the West Chickamauga creek, some seven miles west from Ringgold and Grays ville, which are stations on the Western & Atlan tic Railroad. The Federal army, be ing defeated in this san guinary struggle, retreat ed to Chattanooga. The Confederates followed,and occupied Missionary Ridge and Lookout Mountain, just south of Chattanooga. They also secured pos session of the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad at Bridgeport and other poin ts, th us breaking Rose crans’ communications by rail with Nashville, his base of supplies, and forc ing the Federal army to receive its army stores, provisions, etc., by wagon roads sixty miles in length across the mountains. Chattanooga was therefore practically besieged by the Confederates, and great suffering ensued among the Union soldiers. Thus matters continued until the latter part of November, when Gen eral Grant with large re-enforcements arrived and took personal command of the Federal army. Bragg strangely weakened himself by detaching Long street’s corps and other portions of his army, and sending to Knoxville for the purpose of reducing that point. November 24, 1863, began the bat tles around Chattanooga. “Fighting Joe Hooker,” with 9,100 men, assault ed Lookout Mountain, which was de fended by General Walthall, with 1,489 men. The attack was made late in the night, and a thick mist envel oped the mountain, rendering it im possible for the Confederates to accu rately determine the Federal move ments; hence Hooker, literally in the midst of the clouds, succeeded in scal ing the craggy mountain, and after a short struggle, drove the Confederates off at about 2 a. m., November 25. The same day (November 25), Z/n., -Afapofihe' Hill A Norton A- 001 SCALE OF MILES ~ j 1 < 1<? oHßochy wo Feb. 23, May/o, isfil. — :i == l —*=* * sV\V W.' s A] W KJu'l-y ]L May 12,ri>i;i. Hailer ./Z^F G A?4? y i' n ? / $& ORTMT ‘ . Santa Luca o |l A S''-J . C SF »■ - 1 L Vm® v-uV co / W talnfow 9 C? W._ A'i” fWiitMsXb «<;^- MornsJllll g i i\ { J Z, A" y ) i. ?g kijM F tou taei'V J I X\ A ' r - Ramsey »Z H I S A? 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The assault uponHar dee’s corps on the Confederate right was repulsed several times; but, late in i hi afternoon, the Confederate left center was broken, and soon the entire line ex cept the right gave way, and a disas trous defeat for the Confederates was the result. The day following, there was fighting at Chickamauga station and Graysville, on the Western & At lantic railroad ; and on November 27, ensued the desperate contest between Hooker’s corps of Grant’s army and Cle- THE KENNESAW GAZETTE. burne’s division of the Confederate army at Ringgold Gap on the West ern & Atlantic Railroad. The Federals here met a severe repulse. The next day there was fighting at Tunnel Hill, to which point the Confed erates had retired. The Union army then tell back to Chattanooga, and went into winter quarters. General Grant shortly afterwards went to Virginia to assume command of the army of the Potomac, leaving Thomas in temporary command of the army at Chattanooga. During February, 1864, the Federals made a movement in heavy force towards Dalton, with the intention of capturing that point; but, after se vere fighting at Tunnel Hill, and at Mill Creek Gap and Dug Gap, which cross Rocky Face Ridge, retired again to Chattanooga. In March, General Wm. T. Sher man was appointed commander of the consolidated Federal armies of the Cumberland, Tennessee and Ohio, at Chattanooga. General Jos. E. John ston had previously been appointed to the command of the Confederate army at Dalton, succeeding General Har dee, who had temporarily commanded it after General Bragg was relieved. Early in May, 1864, began the great Atlanta campaign, with fighting at Tunnel Hill, Mill Creek Oap, Dug Gap, and at other points along Rocky Face Ridge near Dalton. “At the date of the opening of the o-reat Atlanta campaign, Sherman had a total force of 98,797 men and 254 cannon, divided as follows Army of the Cumberland, under Major-General Thomas, 60,773 men, and 130 field guns; Army of the Tennessee, under Major-General McPher son, 24,465 men and 96 guns; Army of the Ohio, under Major-General Schofield, 13,559 men and 28 guns. These were further subdivid ed into 88,188 infantry, 4,460 artillerymen, and 6,149 cavalry. Johnston had 42,856 men and 120 cannon; the men being divided as follows: infantry 37,- 652, artillerists 2,812, and cavalry 2,392. He says of his cannon, how ever, that only about one-half of them were effective for service, be cause of the bad condit ion of the horses, by reason of the scarcity of food during the winter. Within a few days, Sher man was re-enforced by about 14,000 cavalry, which swelled his total effective force to 112,819 men. All of these fig ures are official. Added to these, were the re - enforcements, w’hich the two armies received, during the campaign, which were as follows: By Sherman, Blair’s corps, 9,000 men at Acworth, June Bth, besides ‘new regiments and furlcughed men’ not enumerated ; by John ston, Canty’s division of 3,000 at Resaca, May 9th; Loring’s of 5,000, at the same point. May 11th. and French’s of 4,000, at Cassville, on May 18th —these three comprising Polk’s corps —also Martin’s division of cavalry, 3,500, May 9th ; Jackson’s division of cavalry, 3,900, at Adairsville, May 17th, and Quarles’ brigade of 2,200, at New Hope Church, May 26th. While fightingaround Kennesaw Mountain, General Johnston also re- ceived re-enforcements of over 3,000 Georgia militia, which Governor Jo seph E. Brown, the ‘war Governor’ of Georgia, placed at his disposal. The highest number of men which Johnston had at any time was 59,248 at Kennesaw Mountain.”— Mountain Campaigns in Georgia, or War Scenes on the W. &A. Unable to dislodge Johnston by di rect assault, Sherman sent McPherson through Snake Creek Gap, opposite Resaca, to capture that point and break Johnston’s communications with Atlanta. McPherson with 23,000 men was repulsed by two small brigades