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KLI WHTTVl'V^Bok
— l.Biingg'
THE INVENTION OF THE COTTON CIN
Th. EUtdrj of tfc. Kicfala, u SrniUd by til
IoTiitjr—As Iitonttlii Ltttor by
Cclosol W. IL8pukr-E.w. Wests
8sc$oct«d til IxtisUos.
Wriiun for 1 ho CohsUratioo.
Event* traupiring In a ronntrjr, which
Iioto oj-erat**! a material change in the
lndnitrie*, and the proeperity of it* people
conatitotee^ in a great decree, iu history.
Tbeaeerenta ordiecorerieeaeoally traamit
the names of those inreo ting or diaoorering
them to posterity ee benefactors of the
human family, and am held in just rever
ence. The uunes of Watt, the inventor of
the steam engine, of Godfrey, the inventor
of the quadrant, of Stevenson and Train,
the discoverers of the railroad and the loco
motive*, and Arkwright, the Inventcrof the
spinning Jenny, and of Whitney, the in
ventor of the cotton gin, with’ Morse, the
discoverer of the electric telegraph, will
endnre whilst civilisation shall characterize
the human family.
All of these inventions are eras in the
program of the world, from which will be
dated tb* commencement of a new and
mom rapid stride to civilization, health and
power, and this advance will ever oe credit
ed nth*wonderful genius of these men.
Whmce and wherefore the appearances and
the inventions of these wonderful minds?
It hip been aptly said the exigencies of man
are iper answered fay the inspiration of God,
nndlbat these are specialties in the progress
of Unr,.designed by snpamatorsl wisdom
for fast advancement in the knowledge of
mat, necessary to bis comprebtnsioa of
tbsi perfection in i.stare which ensbled
hits to comprehend the wisdom, power and
merry of the great Creator, which in all
i|» if
vol. xm.
ATLANTA, GA., TUESDAY, MARCH 22, 1881.
NO. 41
bq
MH
However, be this
ft* it tnay, is no part of my plan In writing
time crude sketches of the early history of
Gccrgift. v
It 1700 Robert Peel, of EngUnd, com
snenced in ft smell way the manufacture of
cotl&n good*. The supply of cotton was
very limited, and chiefly from the British
Writ Indiea. The prioe of cotton waa then
so high that now it would be considered
exorbitant, being nearly forty cents per
peuad. This arute from the cost linen of
aepamting the lint from the seed. The
introduction of the long staple cotton into
Georgia and South Carolina preceded tome
years that of the green seed or abort staple
and a means had been invented for
S or taking out the seed of the long
aotton, known as the roller gin. This
was a|low process and ineffectual for the
purpoie of taking the Put from the seed of
the abort stapled or upland cotton, aa it was
then termed. The cons* qpence was there
was very little cultivated lor market. Small
patclim were planted by the farmers—just
enough for home consumption. When ibis
waa lobe used the seeds were picked out
wilhrtfce fingers. There are some old enough
to remember bow this was effected in every
family. I remember it well. In the long
winter evenings the children, white and
of seed cotton from which the seeds were to
be taken. These ounce* were spread out
before the tire in the room of tne house
black, had weighed out to them one ounce
where were assembled the family, and in a
very Urge portion of the community this
was tbs only room in the house.
This was done to beat the cot
ton, as the seeds when the cotton
was warm, more readily parted from the
lint. As a stimulant to active and quick
work, a reward of a biscuit or a lump of
sugar was promised, and the la
cult or lump of sugar was for hii
who firat completed the task, and the cot
ton thus prepared with the fleece grown on
the farm constituted the fiber from which
the entire rainieql of the family was fabri-
The commencement of the mannfactnre
of cotton in England, and its very r«-
znnnerauve price stimulated its growth in
the south, and the separating or clc~ ’
the lint from the aeed in a more rat
effectual manner than by the band l
a desideratum.
in* i
to teach ins private
family, but having been delayed in coming
beyond the stipulated time for bis arrival,
* * * 1 been filled by another. At
Carolina and Georgia, but Miller insisted
that this would be to i
princely fortune, and
that we should erect in each county
at the - court-house, a gin, and either
buy the cotton in the seed, origin it upon
■hares for the planters. B> sanguine was
be of a fortune from the invention that he
waa willing to furnish the means to carry
out bis planss I was young and poor, and
fifty thousand dollars waa such a fortune to
me aal had never contemplated owning. It
was the fall measure of my ambition
—with it I waa satisfied, but I
was without any means. Miller bad
incurred and paid all expenses up to that
time, and I yielded my opinion and wishes
to.him, and be went to work to carry out
bis schemes. The practical efficacy of the
machine bad been tested in several places,
lothe entire satisfaction of the public, and
we wereprogTeeeing rapidly to the realize
lion of Miller’s idea of ginning all
the cotton grown or to be
grown in the south. At that
time it amounted to only a few thousand
.bales. In the progress of oar work every
on# was freely admitted, and the machine
as freely examined. Among those who
car. i f < - h*# r«rpa*E uam a canine* work
man named Ball. He waa critical in his
examination. He bad in his si
lathe, worked by driving and
quite like that with which our gin was op
erated. He came two or three times to
ascertain the working of this gin, and was
particular as to the amount of cotton
cleaned or ginned in a day.
“It was not long before we learned be had
constructed a gin, /staining the model of
ours, but substituting saw*cut from sheet
iron in the place of our wooden blocks and
wire teeth. We deemed this an invasion
of our patent, and warned him if heat-
tempted to put into operation hisgin we
should bring suit for damages. This threat
deterred him, for he deemed his machine
an infraction of our patent, and forbore for
a crest while to duplicate it, to work or to
sell it. Many who bad examined his ma
chine pronounced it superior to ours.
“There WAa a farmer of means and great
influence, residing in Warren county,
Georgia, named Arthur Fort. * He saw the
gin constructed by Mr. Ball and ordered one
of aimilarconatruction to be made for him.
Ball declined the job, informing him of the
notice he bad received and he feared a law
suit for infraction of patent. Fort insisted,
promising to incur the risk, and to pay all
damages. Upon theae conditions Ball
agreed to make the gin, and did so. Fort
immediately put the gin in operation. As
soon as we were informed of this. Miller
employed David Bredie Mitchell, of Sav&n
nab to bring snit against Ball and Fort.
The suit was brought in the district court
of the United States, and after considerable
delay it was tried in Savannah before Judg
William Johnson, one of the judges of the
supreme court of the United States. Ball
employed l’eter Early, of Wilkes county,
to defend the case. It was ably argued on
both aides, for these two men were men of
great abilities, and deeply read in the law.
t'he decision was against us and we lost our
It was a ten ible blow upon roe, but Mil
ler, 1 think, was more affected by it than I
was. In a short time thereafter Ball aban
doned the cabinet business, and commenced
the making of gins. Cotton-planting
now increased rapidly, and the cultivation
of tobacco and indigo declined quite as fast.
“These two industries were materially
affected by the cultivation of indigo in
Guatemala, and tobacco in Virginia and
Maryland, and were ceasing to be profitable
when the gin was invented. I met with
ing the house. This done, be crneed the
door upon her; dot did the ever again return
to tbe bouse or him.
Straightway be went again to work, and
in a short time had oomcleted the model of
the spinning jenny. This he carried to
Pert, who examined it minutely, and saw
and acknowledged its utility, and that it
supplied the great want.
Peel was a wise and prndent man. He
proposed to Arkwright that he should patent
the invention. This was agreed to, and it
was by Peel patented in his and Arkx right's
name. This done, be proposed a copartner
ship to Arkwright in the business of cotton
' that this jenny should be the
AS EXCITING DAY.
BEK HILL CASTIGATES ItAHONE
As a Traitor Whose Action Is a Stain Upon
Virginia's Hoaor—A Pitlfal Sight of a
Senator Disgracing Himialf in ths
Eju of ths Paoplfl."
a.id the machine put at once into practii
use.
About this time there was a shipment of
short stapled cotton to England bum the
United States of twenty-five Dales.
Hie cotton gin had proved a great success
in America, and the spinning jenny in Eng
land. Then commenced the cultivation of
the staple as a marketable crop, and very,
soon its growth exceeded the demand, and
the price went down, and the cloth from
uuq cheapened, and the im
ports of the ooetly cotton goods
of China began to decline, ana not
many yeirs after ceased entirely, and now
only the old of the country know anything
of the Nankin cottons—and many otners of
the cotton cloths once in universal use in
America and especially in the south of the
United States. •
In 1815 the cotton raised in the*southern
states wts 77,000 bales; *io 1928, 400.000; in
1830. 470 000; in J 870 over five millions. The
wealth accruing to EngUnd from cotton
manufacturing is incalculable. The wealth
from its production in the south has gone
into the hands of the yankees, and now the
nabob planters are the poorest portion of
the American people. The yankee in
vented the machine for preparing it forose;
he imported the negro for its cultivation,
and he is to day the only recipient of the
profit arising from its growth, and the
values of the negro, who has produced. He
has emancipated the negro and holds the
bonds of the government far hundreds of
aiiilioD8 for the money expended in this
most philanthropic act, and the cotton
produced by the emancipated slaves is taxed
to pay these bonds and their accruing
interest’ When will they relax their hold
ths azarATX.
Washington, March 14 —Mr.
presented the credentials of J. W. McDill. as
senator from the state of Iowa and Mr.
Sawyer, those of Angus Cameron, as sena
tor from the state of Wisconsin.
The credentials having been read the
gentleman appeared and took the oath of
office.
Mr. Pendleton called up the resolution
previously, offered by biro real! <
the rco^ebijurttoti the senate
committees. It had been stated that he said
on Friday last, with a great show of confi
dence and with very evident satisfaction,
that when the vacant chairs on the other
side of the chamber sbonld have*been filled
the republican party would have
a majority iu this ball, and that there
had been more than an ^intimation that
the democratic party was proceeding in
seemly haste to take advantage of the
cidental and temporary absence of gentle
men on the other side, to seize political
powers and pUces of the organization of
the senate—to do that under those cir
cumstances, which a delay of three or
four days would prevent their doing at all
He didn’t know, and therefore be didn’t
controvert the assertion of the fact. The
remarks made by the distinguished senator
from Illinois, (Mr. Davis), on Friday last
showed that it was utterly impossible in
the present condition of parties that the
republican party should have a majori y
of duly elected members of the
senate. It showed further that
it would be in the pow r er of this party, if it
choose, to enter upon the ways of absten
J “* abstraction to
occur-
over and as die of those engaged
in it* and wl > has not here
elsewhere to make an apologv
for the part he has taken in it, I say that I
am not nere the partisan, nor am I here to
represent that democracy which has done so
much injury to my auction of the country.
The gentleman undertook to say what con
stitutes a democrat. I hold that I am
an infinitely better democrat than
be. [Laughter.] ^ 1 who stands
his plaoe had
that time there was .'residing some
twelve mile* above Saranpah, a gentleman
S r the name of Miller. He was from New
ngland and had married the widow of
General Nathaniel Greene, of revolutionary
fame, and was in powiion of theMulbei
Grove plantation, which had been donat
by the state of Georgia to General Greene
In reward for hia revolutionary service.
Mr. Miller chanced to meet this youth
In Savannah being a countryman and
without employment, be invited him to
the hospitalities of his home. It was
whilst here, and nightly wit-
nening the picking the seeds
from the cotton by a numerous flock of
juvenile darkies seated around the lire,
and as they idled and nodded at their work
was evidence of fatigue and want of sleep,
hia sympathies were awakened for these
children, and expressing himself anxious
that some other means for tbii purpose
could be invented, that should secure
them from this untimely and fatigu
Ing labor, In this wish lie wes joined by
Mrs. Miller, who was at the time preparing
some small rods to be used in holding the
wicks of tallow candles, better known as
tallow dips, in the primitive d^s of the
state. With the end of one of these she
bent into a sort of book the point end and
taking up a handful of seed cotton she
pulled with it the lint from the seed. This
action suggested to the mind of Whitney,
who was the youth aqj raining at the bouse,
the idea of the cotton gin.
I will tell the story as Whitney himself
told it to me and the late Hopkins Halsey
oi this state, at hts own house in New Ha
ven, Connecticut, in 18A).
He said: “I aaw at once that a cylinder
armed with teeth similar to thoee in cotton
card* and made to revolve, would effectual
ly do the work of separation between lint
and seed. 1 went to bed and thought all
night such a machine waa » desideratum,
and I felt I could make it, and felt, too, if
I succeeded my fortune was made Early
the next day I went to work and for many
days worked diliigentJy. My patron was
Mrs. Miller, who with woman's hopeful
ness and woman’s faith, visited me daily
encouraging me and making suggestions.
Finally 1 completed a model --
chine ’ with six cylinders
armed with small wire hooks.
These were placed upon a wooden shaft side
by side, aud to one was attached a crank
handle, by which motion could be given;
to Umn were toothed circular blocks. This
was put into a rough frame, its wooden
journals resting in two half circular holes
or notches in the frame. Just as 1 had.
progressed this far Mrs. Miller came in and
examined it. She turned it some half a
to the invention and should
reap the reward of the originator of a
greatly useful machine. Sympathy was
my only reward from Georgia, but South
Carolina generously donated me $50,000,
and this is really the only benefit 1 ever de
rived from the invention.’’
At the time I received this narrative from
Mr. Whitney be had in New Haven a gun
shop, and be was experimenting upon im
provements he hail made in fire-arms. This
never came to anything. This was in 1820,
bat he realized considerable money from a
contract for furnishing arms to the United
States.
Eli Whitney was born in Massachusetts
on the 8th of December, 17£M, and.died in
New Haven, Connecticut, on the 8th of
January. 1825. He was liberally educated,
which was due alone to himself, (or he taught
school to obtain the means to carry Lim
through college, and he did not graduate
until he was considerably advanced in life.
,tely after graduating he came to
Georgia He was then in the twenty ninth
ytarof his ago, having arrived in Savan
nah in 1773. This was very soon after the
introduction of the green aeed, or short
stapled cotton into the United States. Pre
vious to that time, that cultivated for mar
ket was the tea island long stapled, black
seed cotton. This latter had been, as it ia
now ginned by the roller gin, which would
not gin the green seed. This variety grew
luxuriantly, away from the iafluencs of
the sea breeze, which was essential to the
I iroduction of the long stapled. It waa, too,
►etter adapted to domestic purposes, be
cause it was spun with more facility, and
made a coarser web, and a more enduring
one, and was suited for clothing to the
wants of ihe laboring classes, and the com
non uses of the people generally.
The first mention of cotton to be found,
is in the writings of Herodotus, about 450
years before the birth of Christ. Cotton
cloth was introduced from India into Rome
and Greece before the Christianara It was
[died by Veres, in Sicily, for the covering
_ boats, and as tents, and for the latter
purpose was used by Julius Cicsar. It is
supposed to have originated in Arabia, and
thence b und its way to India and China
This is supposition. It seems in some va
riety or other to have bfeen indigenous toall
tropica) countries. It is certain it was found
in the West India islands, and in some varie
ties, and in South America It is a common
rnor to suppose all created things to have
had their commencement in a pair or a
single creation and when we have any one
thing in the animal or vegetable kingdom
to a point where it is not first seen, or
known, we at once ascribe its or their
origin, to that point or country, forgetting
that the power to create could produce
many as one and locate these at pleasure
over the globe..
unonthe nwrro? inZSSnS wouldiustifv tion from voting and of the obstruc
r^rtior > „Ls E r^"oTrh 1 e d « which it had been iuvtiedby the
mgds profitsbie. eith« with bgyo.roor his ™£* w b«hS ofno^lhe Xcti “"working
UlK y 8 * W ’ BPA “ S * majority under the constitution and laws
I would be given to the other side of the
ueorgia. chamber when the vacancies were
The American. I He had no means of knowing.
Not without reason is Georgia called the empire jj e didn’t know what arrangement or prof-
state of tho south; and her people might aa fitly f er3 or suggestions had been made or ac
he called the most progressive of southerners, cepted. The omnipresent and omniscient
Standing in the strectrof the city of Atlanta—at I gentlemen of the press had whispered about
once the flower and fruit of progress—one might I the capital and had put it into their news-
there bad been unusual or «-
re SZSLEZ connected D the name
thedistingutshed seuswr with the to
sonably look forward; but she is so far advanced pensaiion of federal patronage
already that her thrifty people no longer dwell on the * organization of the
on the past or dawdle over the present; they live senate. It had been whispered here that
SSZZ&S&f&SZZ&lSLSS*** l « ,oUle there had been conferences in the capital
the state were in which champagne and satisfaction had
awakened long bef »re the war between the states been equally present, and those, too, had
began. Georgia might have slumbered peaceful- I been connected with the statement as to
ly. only now and then arousing herself to the the organization of the slate. He did not
liSST^CTalSc’iStiSTreWnre k"o£wh“ p^fthere rould ^ for there
steadily at work wlthont exacting much assist- suggestions, but tbev had filled the air lor
anee from man. Even the burden of the last few days. The imputation which
slavery, under which some of her sister had been on the democratic members of
commonwealths groaned, did not rest heavily tbe was without foundation. In
fact, .motion made by Mr. Allison thst
the leadiugstate iu the south. Slavery, however, I the senate go mxo executive session was
was weighty enough to turn the scale in favor of supported by the republicans and opposed
the secession of the state, against tin judgment of by tbe democrats.
Quite a sensation was occasioned by the
oomUg-forthwith one of the strongest pillars of fact that Mahone Total with the:republi-
the new government Fora long while her.sons cans. There was slight applause in the
went freely to the front, ollowed by the most galleries, but it was promptly checked,
liberal contributions of produce and manufsc- *r be motion was rejected by yeas 35 to nays
1-qk C | y,e army; but it was not until J J J
m half over, that her own soil was |
__ run with blood. When the Mr. Conkliag then took the floor and
blow really fell, however. It fell heavily, and 1 maintained that the republicans were
everything waa wiii I right in not consenting to an organisation
memorable lntbc* amtaU of Georgia: audit waa 1 against a constitutional majority of the
preceded by a campaign ending In the fall of senate. ... _ _
Atlanta, which waa attended by great loss of life. The debate was here interrupted by Mr.
^VextS. «. the government and the
there was no horror of war that the people did I people of Russia sincere condotence.
not suffer. Neglected field?, pillaged barns. Laid on tbe table.
abandoned factonea, and ciUre in aahejh were m° Mr Hill, of Georgia, then took the Boor
™tom?™- to continue the debate. He believed when
tumnof 184% a coaventlon electe^by tbe popular I every seat should be filled the senate would
vole repealed tho ordinance of secession, repudi- I be democratic, as it is now. If he was
ated tbe Confederate debt, and made human ser- wrong in that belief he bad been de-
vitude illegal. Then a legislature was elected ce j vet > Thirty eight members of this
which ratified the fourteenth amendment, and a *21 he re * as democrats
ntw state government was instituted; but oon- body were sent nere as aemocrais.
giem was not satisfied with the way in* which One member, Mr. Davis, of Illinois, was not
be&e things were done. Under the reconsUuc- tent here as a democrat, but was sent here
tiou acta, all oi the state officers, executive, legis. by democratic votes, and, in words of high
SffSffld^S%KSd^da Ud in ( ?SJ& lofty patriotism and fidelity to trust
tary dUtrict, with a provisional government had, on Friday, announced that he should
Another constitutional convention was ordered, be true to the trust which sent him here,
and in the election of Us members no person who The senator from New York, Mr. Cenkling,
y ne
[Laughter.] WM
_jminaliy commitysd to a full vote-
and a fair vote, and a> honest ballot should
|tee that they can bt had in the state of
Georgia, where tissue ballota are fashiona
ble. [Applause.1 ^ I 'erve notice on that
gentleman that I intend to be custodian of
ray own democracy. I do not intend to
be run by the -gentl. -ian’s caucus. I am
Jin every sense a free r*?n here, and trust to
be able to protect r. owa rights and to
defend the people w ’dui l represent—cer
tainly to take *1.. c : my own. I do rot
intend [aga ? n au sXi Air. HiM <.„ciy]
I-is* j on sbo • • c. vc-eia* my
cdiT-iuct by innuendoes. I wish the sena-
Itor from Georgia to understand just
^iere that tho way to deal with me is to
ideal directly. We want no motions
of discovery to find out how I am going to
vote. I regret that so early after my ap
pearance here I should have found it neces
sary to obtrude any remarks on this body.
I would prefer to be a little modest.
I would prefer to listen and to learn,
but I could not feel coutent after
what has passed to-day to sit silent. The I
I gentleman (Mr. Hill) by all manner of in-
sirations, direct and indirect, has sought to
discover who the democrat is that may
choose to exercise his right to cast
his vote as he pleases and to differ with the
gentlemau’s caucus. He seems to have
forgotten that I refused to take part in the
caucus which has not only made war upon
me, but upon those who I represent, that
has presumed to teach the people of Vir
ginia honesty and true democracy. Yes, I
sir,” addressing Hill, “you were duly no
tified that I took no part or lot in your
political machinery, and that I was su-r
premely indifferent tp what you did!
You were notified that I should standi
un this floor, representing in part the state
of Virginia. Certainly the legislature!
■which elected me did not require me to
stale that I was either a democrat or any
thing else. I suppose that the gentleman
(Mr. Hill) conld not get here from Georgia
unless he said that he was a demo
crat anyhow. I came here without
being required to state to my people what I
ana. They were all willing to trust me. I
was elected by the people, not by the legisl
•aiure, for it was an issue in the canvass, and|
no man was elected to the legislature by the
party with which I amidentifiedwhowas
the senator is going to doit, bat I see a
precipice yawning before him; I see whither
potential influences are leading him into
dangers just ahead. I would rescue him if
I could. Men in this country have the
right to divide on national issues and on
local issues, but no man has the right
to be false to a trust. Whether the
senator from Virginia will be guilty of it or
not, is not for me to judge. I will not judge.
will say, if he votes with, you as the re
publicans wants him to vote, God save him,
.or he is gone.”
The gentleman addressing the republi
cans: “Yon in your hearts respond
every word I am uttering,
when I say that you would
despise treachery, and you honor me to day
for making an effort to rescue a gentleman,
not from treachery, but from the charge
of it.”
Mr. Mahone (rising)—I cannot allow the
gentleman to make any. such (insinuation
Mr. Hil!—I made no insinuation.
Mr.Mahone—You do emphatically, an
unmanly one.
After further discussion, participated in
by several senators, Mr. Morgan’s resolu
tion of condolence with the Russian gov
ernment was adopted, when the senate soon
after adjourned.
A MARBLE HEART.
OF PASSING INTEREST
THE COMING COTTON EXPOSITION.
Its Sncoets an Assured Pact—Ths Hew Federal
Administration—8sas Cnrions Will-
Makers—Pushing up "Rail way Slocks
—Personal and Otherwise.
over twenty-one
majority. How * has this been
to accomplished? By whom has that won-
Washington authorities.
ew state govem-
i her hand to th« teeth of the
machine, whilst I turned the abaft, and in
a few revolutions tbe teeth were full of lint
ootton. She looked into my face, and I
shall never forget that look. O! she was a
glorious woman. She exclaimed: “Perfect
this and your fortune is made.’ ”
She explained its defcc.s, saying: “You
must devise some mean? by which the lint
can be taken from the cards," aa she turned
the cylinder holding the teeth.« “Now you
hare to take it off oy hand, and something
must be arranged to, bold the cotton to the
cards.” All the while Mr. Miller bad
laughed at the effort I waa makin*. and
called the machine mraesi d his wife's folly.
He was in his chamber when his wife .ran
and fetched him to the operation of the
machine. He looked on the motion of the
cylinder, laughing derisively at first, but
as he saw the teem filling with lint he be
came thoughtful, and finally said: “I
believe that something can come out of it
to answer the purpoee.’’ After examining
it carefully he said seriously: “Now you
nor Mrs. Miller must speak of this, but try
on, and if you can make it a success
it will not only make you both rich, but it
will make the south the richeet country
In the world.' It will so cheapen ootton
as to make *it the means of clothing the
world. If you speak of it some iugenioos
mechanic will take the idee, and very soon
will complete a machine and will roo you
of your invention. From that time I pro
ceeded cautiously end in secret to complete
a model to be patented. From the work
ing of the machine 1 had made, 1 sew a
difficulty to be remedied with the circular
Ity to be
holding
the wires together, and I
tew model smaller blocks
These served toseparate the larger and give
room tor the cotton to roll, and I made the
teeth-bolding cards much thinner, airing
them something of tbe appearance of a cir
cular-siw. This completed, next was the
surrounding U$e Caribbean
and on tbe Bahamas. From these
islands it was introduced into the United
Suits and in the progress of its cnltivation
many varieties have been introduced, from
different parts of the world. The long
staple from the neighborhood of Dacus;
whence first came to this country the
famous India muslins, and it was first cul
rivaled here with the view of imitating
these delicate fabrics in the production of
our own manufactories. This, however,
hss never been accomplished or in any
European country.
In this program of the human family,
and especially in America, the necessity of
a textile substitute dor flax and wool from
which doth for all its purposes could
made and which cheaper and as enduring
become a desideratum. The green seed
ootton promised this,'the only difficulty
was the separating the lint from the seed
rapidly and without injnry to the fiber.
This necessity stimulated the genius of
Whitney which shaped in his mind the cot
ton gin which grew into practical form un
derripe manipulation of his cunning hands.
At or about the same time the inspiration
of the genius of an humble barber, was
fashioning another machine for the rapid
-pinning of cotton. *
Robert Peek the grandfather of the pro
sent Sir Robert Peel, was one of the first to
commence the spinning of cotton in Eng
land. Tbe process then in use wes simp!,
crude and insufficient. There was wantin
great improvements in the machinery and
many were striving to effect these. * Ark
wright, a Bristol barber, who was very illit
erate, supposed he could invent and make
a machine which should remedy the princi
ple difficulty, thought much and worked
diligently. So absorbed was he that he
negTectea bis vocation, and incurred the
reproof of his wife os well as that of his
patrons. Still he worked in secret in the
m x ^ ]
I for the (am-
-—-~*piy interested in my success, as ne
fancied he saw great wealth to follow this
and proposed a partnership, and agreed to
furnish toe mesas to secure a patent and
to Introdnc* to tbe public the tnachin*.
Whilst this daenssion waa in progress Mr
Miller cam* in and snggestad a reeding
brush, and exhibited a modal in miniature
ha had made. At once 1 saw that- this
conld be worked by^th. same maims ths
cylinder carrying ibataathooold. and
to work to make this brush. Finally the
entire machine was completed awl pat
ented. a copartnership anted upon between
Miller and myself and Miller went acutely
to work to pat it into .peration.
We disagreed aa to what should
be the course to be panned for this pur
pone. It was m "
patent for 1100,0
-- _ . - - uoa .jtcu uznes -..V* carried off by the repub
meal waa aet up. he fourteenth amendment waa ~ ? Wh _ w . havp ro rielit to
ratified, and the state once more knocked at the ni«S
door of the union for readmiaaton. But she waa act on the oMumption that thirly-niue
to waive while longer. The legislature falling to I members are at ill democrats. He vindicated
ratify the fifteenth amendment, Georg}* waa oneo lbe honor, integrity and fidelity to
more remanded to military rule, and not until 1 b state, people and principles of
that amendment waa ratified waa her congrea- [ ‘y. c ° . * ■ J‘h-re as
Bioaal delegation seated. About thia time oc- all the thirty-nine who were sent nere as
caned the maladministration of aute officials democrats, and denied that any one had
and the corruption of the legislature, which made proven treacherous to his mission. Continu-
ao great a scandal, the result of which was the ln „ Hill said he did not blame a man
■aidlinx °f the oommonwt^th with a debt undt* fo °’ chanRe of opinions, but he contended it
sbealterwardfinoouSderstelyrepuSated. Truth was his duty to give notice of that change
requires the admiwkm that republican admiuis- to persons withwhom he bad been associated,
tration was responsible lor the era of oorrnptlon, No democrat had given such notice to that
and UlSi bounty did uoi mum*poansdon „( tbe side oI lhe Mn ,te, and he, (Mr. Hill) there-
S&’iy^S'SiSfw , S!taglliJS? “ rpet ' b *** era (ore, assumed that no such change had
For nearly ten years now Georgia's course has J occurred. He denied that any man had the
been onward and upward, the only blotnpon her right to accept a commission from one
record or tar to her pnjgreai in thia decada being party and execute it in the interest of
another party. Manhood, courage, bravery,
civilization baa grown up; thebourboo has either I fidelity, morally, respect for the opinions
taken a back seat or conformed himself to the of mankind, required that when a
spirit of progress; agriculture has aromed new man had arrived at tlie conclusion
aud more profitable forms; manufactures have ^at he could not cairy out a trust .whii
ri^^eTuLtoi'mnSSwiSLTtoVde «•*> been confided to him U was his duty
of Atlanta; mining has become an industry j return bis commission aud tell his const-
txnploying the labor of thousands. Tbe town of uents that he bad changed his mind. He
Atlanta baa become a great city, with arnu reach- did not believe that a single one of the
ing out in all directions to bring wealth to her thirty-eight men elected as democrats
EEnSo^uitoSftU 1 ^pulS would hold in his pocket a commission
and general. - la no state are the negroes I conferred by democrats, and without givisg
no prosperous. Ten years ago they paid any notice to his constituency or his asso-
taxes on property whose atsesred value was not ciates would execute that commission
1100,000: uow they pay taxes upon a valuation of in advocacy of the adverse party. He de-
$6,000,000 This is because they are given a fair I . , fl * tho riro nro^idont tn taho
chan as before the law and by public opinion, in m€ “ nght of the vice president to take
Georgia less than anywhere else ia the south, la part in organizing the senate, but would
democracy Li de-bound Political independence not raise that question. “If,” he contra-
thrives; there ia a persistent effort to keep the ue< j, “you have but one, the vote will be
F fodu5£*Sl » «0» Who is that one ? (Laughter on
rule of life.* with hope in the future, and no 1 tbe republican side.) Who is that one ?” re-
not instructed to vote for me for senator,
f he gentleman has been chassezing all
around this chamber to - see if
lie cannot find a 'partner somewhere.
He has been looking around occasionally
referring to another senator to kuow exactly
who that senator was who had the manli
ness and boldness to assert his opin
ions in this chamber free from
the dictation of a democratic cau
cus. I want that gentleman to kuow hence
forth and forever that here is a man who
lares stand here and defend his right against
yon and your caucus [Loud applause aud
much laughter, provoked by the violent ges
ticulation of Senator Mahone, who launched
defiance at his adversary in a sort of minia
ture war dance ]
Mr. Hill again took the floor and said be
could only underst&ud the gentleman on
the principle that a guilty conscience
needs no accuser. [Laughter on the demo *
cratic side.] He had not mentioned the
senator’s name or state. He only asked who
the democrat was that was expected to vote
with the republicans and to his
astouishment the senator from Virginia
said he was the man. He had said
nothing offensive to the people of Virginia,
but he had said that the people of no sec
tion of the country would tolerate treachery.
He had said that there wer."* thirty eight
senators who * had been elected as
democrats. Did the gentleman deny
it? Would he say that he was
elected as a democrat? He said he was not
required to state he was a democrat aud in
the next breath he said that he was a better
democrat than he himself (Hill) was. Ad
dressing himself to the republicans,
Mr. Hill said, I commend him to
you, take good care of him, nurse him
well. [Laughter ] How do you like to
have among you a worse democrat than
' am?
Mr. Conklins—Oh, no; not worse, better.
Mr. Hill, scornfully—Oh, abetter! Then
my friend from New York (Mr. Conkling)
a better democrat than I am.
Mr. Logan—He could not well be a worse
one.
Mr. Hill—Never before has there been
such an exhibition in the senate, where a
gentleman shows his democracy by going
over to the republicans. I will not de
fend Virginia; she needs no defense;
she has given to the country and the
world and to hufhanity some of
the proudest names in history,
and I say to the senator from Virginia that
Jeffersou, nor Madison, nor Henry, nor
Washington, nor Lee, nor Tucker, nor any
of the long list of great men whom Virginia
produced ever accepted a commission to
represent a party and came here and repre :
sented another party. [Applause on the
democratic side.]
Mr. Mahone [who had returned to hia
seat on the republican side]—Do I under
stand you correctly as saying I accepted my
commission from one party and come here
to vote for another party?
Mr. Hill—I understand that you were
elected as a .democrat.
Mr. Mahone (imperatively)—Answer the
lines tion.
Mr. Hill (with provoking coolness)—I say
that you were elected as a democrat and
Uow a Damsel Harried for Spite—Her
Affection for Her Younger Sister.
Syracuse, March 12.—-Twenty years ago
John Hayden was a leading citizen of the
thriving village of Port Byron. He was
proprietor of a large woolen mill, employ
ing a great number of operatives, whose
admiration he was happy to enjoy. He was
reputed to be wealthy, aud lived in a style
consistent with hia circumstances in life.
Young, handsome, rich, accomplished an J
unmarried, the light-hearted young bach
elor looked over the heads of the rustic
solicitors for his heart and hand, and
sought the centers of civilization and
refinement for a bride to his liking. Pro
ceeding to New York, he readily found his
way into exclusive social circles,
introductions to influential friends
opening the doors of the most
cultured drawing-rooms to his knock.
Among the homes in which he was a favor
ite guest was that of Silas Miller, a wealthy
retired merchant, whose residence on Beck
man Hill was a charmed circle. There Mr.
Hayden was thrown into the company of
the two daughters of the old merchant
The Misses Miller were both beautiful, and
no girts in their set were more accomplish
ed, or in any respect better deserving a brave
man’s love. Convinced at last that his
heart leaned to Miss Emma, the younger,
he made known the purpose of his suit in
that direction to the fond parents, who were
pleased with the prospect He made a
formal proposal to the youpg lady.
Miss Emma made an inferential acknowl
edgment of love, but ia a torrent of tears
g rotested that a union wonld be impossi-
le. Press her as he would for an explana
tion he could not extract a word of conso
lation, the broken-hearted girl maintainini
that ane could never be his wife. Repulse<
in that quarter. Mr. Hayden turned to the
cider-sister. Lizzie, a beauty of the most
pronounced type. During this time
Miss Emma grew morbid and delicate. In
due time the nuptials with the elder sis
ter were happily celebrated. Now comes
Special Correspondence Constitution.
New York, March 13.—The p9ople of Atlanta
annot estimate too highly tho importance of
making a perfect success of the coming cotton
exposition.
That exposition will bring to Atlanta such a
crowd as she has never seen or dreamed of before,
and tbe most thorough arrangements must be
made to accommodate them, or we shall be una
ble to handle them at all. It will be an essen
tially useful crowd to Atlanta in that it will con
sist mainly of capitalists and manufacturers—
men alive to the demonstrations of any advanta
ges, and able to act on the demonstration. I do
not think there will be any difficulty in raising
the money expected from the north. The greatest
interest is manifested in the character of the ex
position, and I am almost tempted to agree with
the opinion of Major Cummings, written me in a
letter to-day, that it will be worth more to Atlanta
than the Georgia Western. Mr. John Inman will
open the New York subscription books in a short
time. There is general congratulation that Mr.
million dollars, as the tide against which he
had staked everything, turned Just after he went
under. I find that he has many friends hen.
who extenuate the circumstances under which
he failed, I do not think ho is
doing much at present, but he is
a bold aud daring operator and may come to the
front if, as Lis appearance seemed to indicate, he
bss not attempeil to lose his troubles in drink.
-The late drop In cotton raised a breeze in
— exchange and it was reported that two
houses would certainly be closed out. The lead
ing members of the exchange, however, met and
devised means by which the crippled firms and
-*“* ** id the
tiHUli -
-_jwaja
for a nse in Junes, July*
crisis passed without trouble. The — -
to which cotton has pitched is tempting specula
tors to try their hands for a nse in Junes, Julya
and Augusts. Borne of the more enthusiastic
predicta gain of full two cents over teday’t-
uotations of late months, and one cent is about
lowest limit of advancol have yet seen set
* —— —*ii
_ _ _ J ______ _ m
thatats prioe is more than ever subject to specu-
atlve caprice or intrigue.
3enerai‘ Gordon now hopes to leave New
-k tor ——• -
m he
Western.
—A new bond—blanket-mortgage, I believe—
has been put on the Solma, Romo and Dalton
■»ad. and Is contracted for here by a syndicate at
itisfactory figures.
—There will be sprightly bidding on the Spar
mburg and Asheville road, which L
In Georgia who can do so much with the enter
prise and his name is considered here a sure
promise of success.
It is said that Jay Gould is the secret power
that made up the cabinet and Indeed that i c~*
nated Garfield. The story goes that Blaine
originally Gould’s candidate, which accounts for
•the Unions support he received from the New
York Tribune, and that when it was found Blaine
is the friend of subsidies- It is even said that
Wlndom, the anti-monopoly member of the cabi
net owes his place to Dorsey, who is a jobber and
the friend of jobbers. I »ee little reason to credit
the story that Gould having sustained Blaine’*
nursed and new enterprises fostered by the
present administration. Garfield may be amiable
enough to let the jobbers run over him and es
•The sentimental Interest in the cabinet cen
ters about Robert Lincoln, 'whose inherited hold
upon public affection is heightened by the fact
that he is a new man. One of his intimates told
me that he was a systematic, direct, reliable
B man, without any of the special gleams of
r or genius that lit up the character of his
father. Without being bright or forcible, he ~
accounted sale and sensible, and while pret.
sure to creditably fill any position in which he is
national banks into the wheels of the mills and
factories is considered the finest thing of the
year. It is the work of I. A. Wales, who is only
‘23 years of sge—a bright young artist.
republ
thoughts w*tied upon ' the past, Georgia must I peated Mr. Hill in a loud and excited tone,
keep the lead which rite has taken among sooth- of voice, “Who is ambitious to do what no
states. Others may follow, but they cannot 1 man j n the history Of thia country has ever
“ **' * “ * " "" * d on e—to stand up in this high presence and
proclaim from this proud eminence that he
disgraces the high commisssion he holds?
[ -pplause in the galleries ] Who is it?
who can it be? [Laughter, while every eye
turned upon Mahone, who was seated
ng the republicans ] Do you,”
addressing the republicans, “receive him
_ with affection? Do you receive him with
*his condition, treatment j respect? Iasuch a man worthy of your
—■— -- — 1 asaociation? Such a man is not worthy *
The Convict System.
Augusta Chronicle.
Bis excellency, Governor Colquitt, visited
Angosta yesterday in on Official capacity, con-
ncCird with the all-absorbing convict system of j **P. on *
He visited the camp of oouTlcte near
personally inspecting them, and quea-
.reotfi
ilMICKL. .
tioulnc each man as
and length o! service. Of this vtait of the govern
above hi* sphere
The sons of presidents are not generally bright,
eol examples gives little to hope for
ilayee'a sons are awkward yonngtere, Webb being
vague but pertish and fond of making wild jokes
- * * his mother is good enough tirsmlie—it
j considered intemperate to enjoy YVebVi
jokes. The son of Andrew Johnson 1 rememt
as a journalist of not much force or brilliant
The sons of Tyler did not accomplish mui .
Robert being a heavy and rigid, tnough a con
scientious editor. Tbe living exceptions to this
rale are Senator Ben Harrison, of Indiana, who
Is one of the brightest aud most accomplished of
oar public men, though sprang from one of the
least able of our presidents, and Charles Francis
ful history. Up to the moment of the
departure of the tightly-joined lovers all
had gone as merrily as a marriage-bell. The
wedding tour included a trip to Boston and
several other eastern cities, and terminated
at Port Byron, where Mr. and Mrs. Hayden
had resolved to take up their residence. It
had become evident- to the young husband
that, though wedded, he was not wived.
When questioned she boldly made the
avowal that she had never loved him.
‘^Then why did you lead me to believe that
you did?” asked the bewildered man.
“Merely to pique my sister, whose mar
riage before my own would have caused
me to die of mortification.” To this dis
closure she exnltingly added another. By
her own confession she had persuaded her
younger sister, who had on that account
declined Mr Hayden’s proposal of marriage,
that his avowed love was feigned and false.
A year or two after the unhallowed
marriage the younger sister pined away and
died. To the last she was proof to all ad
vances, being wrapt up iu the man lost to
her by her sister’s chicanery. Dejected and
heart-broken, Mr. Hayden decided that a
seeming felecity should be assumed between
them, in order that no scandal should taint
his name. A separation was suggested by
tbfe wife, but to this proposition the injured
husband turned a deaf ear. He strove hard
effect a change of heart in a woman who,
all physical attributes, was a model.
Her manners would have charmed a saint
into subjection. Hers, however, was a
marble heart, which presented to the
strongest appeals of nature and will an im
penetrable front.
For fifteen long and weary years the
_niquely estranged mao and wife lived in
the same house. But this . precarious ex
istence, if was appreciated must have an
end. Tiring of a slavery that found its
only solace in seeing a man wearing away
with dLgust, Mrs. Hayden one day sud
denly left her home and fled the protection
of her nominal husband. Her departure
occasioned a little breeze of scandal, but
nothing more, the real cause of infelicity
— *_ -mi— soc»ety. Mrs.
w the capital of
the' , nation, where she was mentioned in
the newspaper accounts as a woman of
American*.
to the lofty and g
uf Pitt and titanley
liant exception among the dead suns of presi
dents was “Pierce John** Van Boren, the leader
of the coterie in which young Tlldeu trained—a
strong and majestic man, buried under the ex
cessive ambition and the sinister methods of his
father. We hope for the best from jouuz Mr. I
foil coin, bat there is little in the past or present
justify the belief that American genius can be
said to average one
There is a good deal of speculation as to who
It was that was after the East Tennessee A Virgin
ia road the other day so that the price of a large
balk of the stock was pushed up to 188. I can
flue opportunity was presented of ascertaining
the true state of thing*. The
determined to exercise an e
unfortunates who still merit
common w«
In the last
If my
and New York were to come
_ to me holding republican commissions
protection of the 1 in their pockets sent here by republican
ODOU CODOSWI winwould tell them that if they
come thev would be expelled with
The penitentiary committee of the lastlegLianire * ’
promised full investigation and report for the
extra a **ios, and the general assembly, at that
time, will be intelligently guided in shapfog
teglriauon. if any U needear by the valuable
experience of Governor Colquitt’s personal
tm-poetiun. It will be a matter uf
the governor, as well as of gratification to all
W. Nelms, the efficient keeper of the
penitentiary of Georgia, than- wham no man
has more experience In the conduct of this con
vict system, and no one more interested inand ap
preciative of the duties of the petition. Whatever
Little bock room of his shop. Hts wife com- I may have been imprudently said of him in the
pistol that that, su no food for the l»m- «««* T-** b T- “y-*
ily in the house and no money to purchase j SSScSatopeMh3. lun
any. and unless he gave more attention^to | selms, vesu-May, fii*i the atwirW* of_ the
hit business the family would starve. He
heeded not her anger or remonstrance, but
keeping hi* own secret and most confident
of altiinftte success, continued to work on.
When the machine was well nigh com
pleted, requiring some trifling material es
sential to ita final finish which he had nqt,
be went out to procr*- it.
This waa the angry w
she went into his room
tb# machine, in wrath she seized it and
crushing it to atoms she threw the * frag
ments into the street. Returning he espied
the ruins. and gathering them up he
accused his wife of - tbe act
and upbraided her for it In very
spite she admitted the truth of the charge
and justified the act. This was more than
the enraged man could boar. H« multiplied
bo words with her. hut took he? by the arm
door threw her into
ever again enter-
and leading her to the dooi
the street, forbidding her t
governor to several boartets who were oonfiaeti
to the hospital, and at his suggestion paitioos
were granted by bis excellency Mr. Nelms was
for several ye-rs a respected member of the-boose
of representatives from Campbell county.
Altogether ths visit of Governor Colquitt to
Augusta was most auspicious, commendable and
ignominy from the ranks of tbe party.” He
closed by maintaining that all who made
up the 38 democrats in the senate wonld
stand by their .constituents that elected
them. They were, he said, elected as demo
crats and on a question of organization,,
which is a political and party question,they
will act with the democracy. “You-
The Cotton Exposition.
■ so far of the attempt to hare
at Atlanta is quite
SssoSt hasSSK^Sn^SS^^S^S
ward wealth and permanent prosperity within
the past dscada that It hs woU worth waile to make
a showing at tho betianincof another ten yoars,
which are eroo more full of promise than the
past ten nave bees of fulfillment. The north
wtU. we hope and btiicva. not be disposed otoer-
wtotthaaltiBdly toward the sonthaca enterprise. I
generous support should be
city especially. H
i green to it from this
will act with the democracy,
gentlemen,” addressing the republican
side “fill be deceived .if you think other
wise, and therefore there is no necessity for
you to eater on this fij mustering.”
Mr. Mahone, who occupied a seat on the
republican side, advanced to the edge of the
area fronting the clerk’s desk and proceeded
to reply to Mr. Hill. Gentlemen, he said,
had manifestly engaged in an effort to dis
close his (Mahone’s) position on the floor.
Mr. Hill—I don’t know what your posi
tion is, and how could I disclose it? .
Mr. Mahone—The gentleman has assumed
not only to be a custodian here of the dem
ocratic party of the nation, but has tried
to assert the right to speak for the constit
uency which I have the privilege in part of
representing here. He has done so without
their assent, [addressing himself directly
to Ur. Hill and advancing toward him ] (
owe you, sir, and 1 owe those for whom you
undertake to speak here, nothing. [Marks
of encouragement on the republican tide
and in the galleries.] I come here like
a Virginian, not to represent the democ
racy for which you (Mr. Hill) stand.
I come with aa proud a cia'ra to represent
that people os you to represent the people
of Georgia, won on fields where I have
fought with you and others in ihe cause of
my jeopie, and of that section, in the late
Mr. Mahone (persistently)—You said that'
I accepted a commission from one party
and caiue here to represent another party.
Mr. Hill (imperturbably)—I said that
that will be the case if you vote with the
republicans. Yon have not done it yet,
and I say you will not do it.
Mr. Mahone, (impatiently)—I want to say
if it is not oat of order here, that if the gen
tleman undertakes to make that statement,
the statement is unwarranted and untrue.
Mr. Hill, (composedly)—Was not the gen
tleman acting with the democratic party,
and was he not elected to this body as a
.democrat, (with a fiercer tone), answer that
Mr. Mahone—Quickly, »ir; quickly. 1
was elected aa a readjuster. Do you know
wiiat readjusters are?
Mr. Hill—I understand that there are in
Virginia readjusting democrats and debt-
paying democrats, but I understand they
fire both democrats. We have nothing to
do here with that Issue. The question of
Virginia debt is cot to he settled in this
chamber. I ask the senator again was he
not elected to this national body as a mem
ber of tbe national democratic party?
Mr. Mahone—No. Are you answe-ed
now?
Mr. Hill—Then I conclude that the sens
tor spoke truly when he said that I do not
know what he is (with a puzzled air); what
is he? [Laughter.] Everybody has under
stood that he voted with democrats. Did
Hancock for the presiden
cy, and did he not in the presidential elec
tion proclaim himself democratic? [To
the republicans ] I commend him *to
yon. Is there a man on that
side of the chamber who doubts that
the honorable senator was sent to this body
os a democrat? Is there a man in this vast
audience who doubts it? Is there a man
i Virginia who doubts it?
Mr. Hill, continuing, remarked that he
had done what (be newspapers could
not do—what both parties could
not do, what the whole country could not
do—he had brought out the senator from
Virginia, and, in conclusion, he said, “bqt
now, in the kindest spirit, knowing tbe
country from which the honorable senator
comes, identified as I am with its fame and
its character, loving os I do every line in
• * ' • list of
riendly
with five . .
Adrian IobRo, W. T. Walters and H. B. Plai
Until one of these men sells out, the control
the rood will remain right where it is, no matter
where the floating stock may falL It is hfoted,
though with little reason I think, that Jay Gould
is seeking a southern port for the Texas Pacific,
and may strike at Norfolk, Port Royal
A gentleman who is intimate with both
Garfield and Blaine said to me yesterday:
“Garfield’s administration will be a splendid
one in the sense of material development and
progress. The government will lend til its legiti
mate resources to the furtherance of new enter-
rises, and the opening up of new avenues or
.adustry or commerce. The policy of the admin
istration will be that of enoouragemsnt and oo -
fidence, and it is the puipose of all concerned
m.ir» it the most brilliant era of national expan
sion and prosperity in tbe history of the
republic.”
commanding beauty, whose triumphs in
society were scored among men who were
then directing tbe destinies of thejiation.
In tbe course of time—during the. winters
of 1875 and 1876—the name of Senator
Conkling was often spoken in the same
breath with that of Mrs. Hayden. She
lived in elegant style, driving out in her
carriage and maintaining an establishmeflt
that wonld bankrupt an ordinary fortune.
Despite the mystery which shrouded her
circumstances, her character was not
bandied abont with these of other women
who carried themselves so much in the
public eye. She was alluded to as a woman
who conquered by opposition rather than
bv concession. Rumor at one time noted
the fact that Mrs. Hayden was Sen
ator Conkling’s private secretary, but
this gossip was authoritatively denied.
It is also stated that the cause of Mrs.
Conklifig’s misunderstanding with the
lenator, which was exposed.at the time of
hia daughter’s marriage in 1879, was due to
the scandal which associated Mrs. Hayden
and Senator Conkling. The above sketches
in brief thc> courtship and wedded life of
one of the most remarkable women who
ever lived. It is an authentic recital of the
facta as narrated by Mr. Hayden, who re
cently permitted his wife to obtain a
divorce from him although be could have
presented a formidable defense Mrs.
Hayden is now married to a wealthy man,
residing in New York. Mr. Hayden has im
plicit faith in the rectitude of the woman,
despite all insinuations to tbe contrary.
» i
wisning him God speed. With
mit-r, aud Grout even more ard ,
liberal attitude of tbe government to legitimate
enterprise than tbe president himself—with
Coukung, Cameron and Logan represented In tbe
cabinet—with the public miud turning instinct
ively from sectional and political issues, aud
the pewdon for physical progress and devel
opment pervading *" "
be strange 11 Garfield * _
administration that will be marked with a white
fet ^flTbe night that tbe funding bill passed
house in amended shape General Grant was
seised by his friends to write to Hayes and urge
him to veto It. He replied that he would hold nc
communication with Hayes about the matter,
but agreed to write t * Garfield, and ask him “
Impress Upon Mr. Hayes the Importance of
toiug the ullL His relations with Garfield _
close, but he has little use lor Hayes. He says
the point for Garfield to turn his attention Co
the establishing of close relations with Mexico
and China and Japan.
The example of Mr. Girard, who left
fortune for the establishment ef Girard colit ge,aud
mui,. me condition that no clergyman should ever
enter the grounds, is imitated by Charles Ed warn
Forbes who has just left Northampton, Mass.,
—The two-page cartoon iu Puck;representing
|0M|MB|plng the floodgates of the treasury
the stream over the domes of tho
DEAD ALEXANDER
PAYS THE PENALTY OF ABSOLUTISM.
The Russian Nihilists Maks ths Princess Dol-
goroukl a Widow by Putting au End to
the Life of the Czar—How the
Deed Was Perpetrated.
WAsmsoTOH, March IA—The secretary of
state has received tbe following telegrams this
evening:
St.Petersburg, March 18,—To Secretary Blaine:
Tbe emperor was wounded in his carriage to day
by a bomb. Tbe injury is not yet known.
Footer.
St. Petersburg,March 13.—To Secretary Blame:
Tbe emperor is dead, Foster.
The secretary of state, soon after receiving the
ttiegram announcing tbe death of tbe emperor or
Russia, seat tbe following dispatch to Mr. Foster'
American minister, SL Petersburg:
“Express to the minister of foreign affairs tho
sentiments of sorrow with which tbe president
and people of tbe United States have beard of tho
terrible crime of which tbe emperor has been a
victim, and their profound sympathy with tho
imp*.rial family and tho Russian people, in their
great affliction. Blaistk, Secretary.”
London, March 18.—A dispatch from St Peters
burg says: “As tbe emperor was returning from
a parade in Michael Manege, about Z o’clock
Sunday evening, a bomb was
thrown which exploded under tho
czar's carriage, which was considerably
imaged. Tbe czar alighted unhurt, out a sec
ond bomb was exploded at his feet, shattering
both legs below tho knee and inflicting other
terrible injuries. Tbe czar was immediately
conveyed in an unconscious state to tho winter
palace, where he died at 4:30 thia evening. Two
persons were concerned in tho crime, one of
whom was seized immediately. The explosion
also killed an officer and two Cossacks. Many
policemen and other persons were injured.
Tho Standard’s SL Petersburg correspondent
telegraphs that the czar’s right leg was nearly torn
from his body, and his left leg was badly shat
tered. Grand Duke Michael was wounded. Tho
czar lingered an hour and a half. It' is stated
that the bombs were made of thick glass filled
with nitro glycerine. The assassins stood on
opposite sides of the road. The carriage was
moving fast, and the first shell struck the ground
behind it, and the back of the carriage was blown
out. The coachman implored the czar to enter
the carriage again, but he moved a few paces
from the carriage to see to the wounded of his
escort Tbe assassin who threw the first bomb
tried to point a. revolver at the czar, but tho
pistol was struck from his hand.
A Reuters’ St Petersburg correspondent says
that the imperial carriage was attacked on
Ekatrienofsky canal, opposite the imperial sta
bles, while the emperor was returning with
Grand Duke Michael from Mich ell palace, in
an enclosed carriage, escorted by eight Cossacks.
The firs*t)omb fell near the carriage, destroying
the back part of it The czar and his brother
alighted uninjured, and tho assassin, on being
THE COTTON EXPOSITION.
Bnggestioa from Ar. fdwanl Atkin
son os to the Exhibition.
Boston, March 5,1881.—H. L Kimball,
Chairman Executive Committee, Atlanta
Cotton Exposition—Dear Sir: I beg to l*r«o crowd i
submit to you a suggestion for an exhibition
auxiliary to the ootton exhibition, that will
st .degree interfere with
plan or method. That
exhibition should be kept iu its integrity
for cotton, and cotton only. Or perhaps
we might add cotton and wool from sheep
fed on cotton aeed. But there might be an
auxiliary exhibition, which would add
greatly to the interest of the occasion, and
render your success more absolutely cer
tain. You will recall the Kansas and Colo
rado building and ita contents, which
formed a part of the- centennial at Phila
delphia. That exposition of the agricultural
mineral potentialities of Kansas
and Colorado turned a great tide
emigration in that direction,
and for the time being, altered all its con
ditions. If I am rightly informed, that,
building and ita contents formed a part of
the plan of the raUioad corporations inter
ested in those two states, by which they ex
pec ted to attract emigrants, and those
railroad corporations have been paid one
hundred fold for their expense.
Since I returned from my hasty visit to a
part of the new south, I have bieen called
upon to give my impressions of what
I saw. .My trip extended through
the blue grass sections of Kentucky, and
the Cumberland plateau to Chattam
and Atlanta, and north through the 1 _
mont sections to Richmond. In attempting
to describe thia journey I have usually
began by asking my hearers to follow in
their minds the boundary lines of a section
of the new south more than three-fourths
the size of France, nearly twice the size of
England and Scotland combined, beginning
on the Ohio river, keeping along
the westerly margin of the blue-grass coun
try, across Tennessee into northern Ala
bama, then easterly a little south of Atlanta,
thence northerly on the easterly margin of
the Piedmont district to the Potomac river,
and westerly to the point of beginning,
keeping at every point in tbe boundary liue
at least six hundred and fifty feet above the
level of the sea, and ranging from that
to 6,700 feet, and, therefore, all above ma
laria, except where the rivers have cut their
way to the low lands. I have then said
that if one wished to realize the potential
ity of this section, and ita future place in
the history of the United Statra, they
might be assured that in its resources in
coal, iron, salt, lead, zinc, copper, corrun-
dum and in timber of the most valuable
sorts, it exceeds Great Britain and France
combined; that in ita possibility of agri
cultural productions it is equal to either,
and offers greater diversity than
either country would. I have then added,
it ia the terra, almost incognita of thia
nation, inhabited to the extent of at least
one-half of its area by an isolated popu
lation, clad in homespun, and making for
themselves the things required ,bv
limited wants.
I have added, that until the Cincinnati
Southern opened the westerly side of this
section it had been the railroad desert upon
the map of the United States, in which
?carcely a mile of effective railroad could be
found; and that it needed a general survey
to open it to the knowledge of emigrants,
more than the distant territories of the far
northwest.
seized by a colonel of police, drew a revolver but
waa prevented from firing it The second bomb
was then thrown by another person and Zell
close to the czar’s feet iU exf*—*-
bo«h of
Colonel ....
raised the emporer, who
winter palace in Colonel Dorjbky’s sleigh.
> the czar’s feet it* explosion shattering
f his legs. The czar fell, crying for help.
IDorjibky, though himself much injured,
*** . who was conveyed to the
Jolonel Dorjbky’s sleigh. A
tbled before the palace, but
were kept back by troops of Cossacks. Tbe
’ operial family were all assembled at the death-
ed. A council of state was immediately convcu-
L AU places of public resort are closed.
Cologne, March 14.—The Gazette's St Peters
urg dispatch says: The two asmssins of the czar
ere immediately arrested. The glasses of the
gaslamps in Michael garden behind the canal
were broken in pieces by the concussion of the
explosion. A cordon of guards was drawn
around the scene of the mmder. The streets are
densely thronged with excited crowds. Tho
utmost sympathy for the imperial family is
everywhere expressed. Tho bells of the principal
churches are tolling.
London, March 14 —The Times has the follow-
ig from St Petersburg: “The doctors’ bulletin
iibUshed at three o’clock in the afternoon stated
jfh legs were broken below the knee. Tho
iwerpart of the body was severely injured and
ic left eye torn from its socaet The grand duke,
Michael, was not hurt The assassins were dis
guised as peasants. One report states that one of
them was so roughly handled that he has since
died. AUof the army officers have been ordered
to remain in their barracks. A council of
empire under the presidency of the czarevitch
was still sitting at midnight A manifesto wUl
be published to-day.
St. Petersburg, March 14.—The following im
perial manifesto has been promulgated: We, by tho
grace of God, Alexander 111,emperor and autocrat
of the Ruhsias, czar of Poland, grand duke of Fin
land, etc. hereby make known to all our faithful
subjects that it has pleased 'he Almighty, in His
inscrutable will, to visit Russia with a heavy
blow of .ate and to call her benefactor. Emperor
Alexander IL, to Himself. Ho fell bytho
hands of impious murderers, who had
repeated sought his precious life
aud made their attempts becauso
they saw in him the protector of Russia, tho
foundation of her greatness and the promoter
of the welfare of tho Russian people. Let us bow
to the unfathomable will of divine providence,
and offer up to the Almighty our prayers for the
repose of the pure soul of our biloved father. Wo
ascend the throne which we inherit from our
forefathers—the throne of the Russian empire
and the czardom and grand dukedom insepara
bly connected with it We assume the Leavy
burden which God has imposed upon ua, with
a firm reliance upon hia almighty help.
May He bless our work to tho welfare of our be
loved fatherland, and may He guide our strength
for the happiness of all our faithful subject*. In
tbe testament of our fore fathers, the whole of
life to care for the welfare and honorof liu.> j
call upon all our faithful subjects to unite
■hM|toM|a|ajy^Marlbetr prHvir> m n
and to
Hmndl-
[Grand Duke Nicolai Alexandrovitch. Given
by our father to devote, i
the altar of the Almighty their prayers with ours,
and commend them to swear fidelity to us and to
successor, his Imperial highness the heredi
tary Grand Duke Nicolai Alexandrovitch. Given
at 8L Petersburg A. D. 1881, and first year of our
re Thc Agence Raise says,Grand Duke Michael was
driving behind the czarina sleigh with Colonel
Dorjlbky. Tho second bomb thrower waa not
arrested, bat disappeared in the crowd.
Troops have taken the oath of allegiance to tho
new emperor.
The imperial family to-day swore allegiance to
Alexander III. The court officials will swear
their allegiance at one o’clock this afternoon.
The Novoe Vremeja states that the man arrested
sterday, haa confessed that he threw the first
uomb. but dented all knowledge of the person
who threw the second. In addition to the revol
ver which the prisoner attempted to use, a dag-
found on him. The name he gave la be-
Regarding her association with Senator
Conkling, he states that nearly all the —*~
lished stories are untrue to his pei
knowledge. On many of the occasions
when rnmor brought his wife in contact
with Senator Conkling she was nnder his
protection, although bolding a relation to
him that is almost unparalleled He is
strexraous in the belief that if Mrs. Hayden
haa lived by her wits, she has not gone a
whit farther, being possessed of a tempera
ment that could resist the most seductive
temptations. Until the present time, Mr.
Hayden, who is living a quiet life not for
from Auburn, has heretofore refused to
divulge any of the facts in hia . unusual
experience
DIAMONDS FOR MRS- GARFIELD.
connection with It, and that i
Khali ever be admitted to iu at . ...
the spirit of his bequest will be flanked aa Mr.
Girard's was. While no clergyman haa ever
entered Girard college grounds,- certain earnest
laymen have seen to it that ths young collegians
have hxd the best oi religious nlvioe srul .ilea-
this connection, Judge Dwindle, of
_ who died last month, prescribed that
nan abould aftend or participate In his
nd that no religious services should be
„.v. his body The Rev. Mr. Coilyer, dis-
n—<n g the fate of George Eliot’s soul last Sunday
said: “It haa gone to heaven, because it was too
grand a soulto go anywhere else!” • _
8 I bad a talk with John T. Raymond the
other day. He ia looking badly and seems unable
to comprehend and enjoy the sudeess that has
come telhim-' There is a far-away, plaintive look
in his face that suggests the pathetic aide of the
character of Sellers. He had a hard struggle with
the world, and when fome one congratulate!
him on the •access of “Sellers,” he replied sadly:
“Yes. old fellow, but It has come too late.” There
is something inexpressibly touching in
the old, childish uca, that
alwan seemed to me Twain must
have studied .when he created the shabby but
glorious Don Quixote of finance, and that Irving
must have dreamed of when he gave shape and
substance to Ichabod Crane, the vague and un
certain schoolmaster.. I raw It onoe looking out
of one of Delmonico’s windows at a proceraion,
and It had the seeming even then, of Sellers in a
or the pedagogue in a melancholy
enty Raymond is to be married thia
month to "a charming actrera, and ia nightly fill
ing the Park with delighted audiences. He must
be a rich man now, and yet love nor money seems
to be able to lift the shadow that lies in his hon-
e*t eyes, and clouds his lovable face. How sel
dom it is that all the felicities find home at onoe
in tne same human heart!
A gentleman who sella enormous quantitiest>f
(he New York Ledger to sub dealers told me the
other day that Prof. William Henry Peck, of
Atlanta, was now the strong card of the paper.
Always a chief attraction, there were older
writer* on the Ledger who “bad the call’’ over
him with Ore Ledger readers, especially
as hia services on that paper haa been
intermittent. During the past few “'**'■
steadily g&ne to the
great names, I perform the
office unmasked of making a last
tbe honorable senator, whatever other fate
befall him. to be tree to the trust which tbe
people of Virginia gave him. Whoever else
may be disappointed, whoever else may
deceived, I appeal to the gentleman to
true to the people and the sentiment of the
party who have kindly commissioned him.
,t in this body.
is n
Logan who
had to dictate to the gentleman from Vir
ginia, Mr. Hill again rose and said: “I have
not undertaken to do so. He can do as he
f eases, bat when he acts as a public man,
have a right tq my opinion of his
public acta. There is cot in my heart
an unkind feeling towards him. I
would, if I could, rescue him from the in
famy into which others are trying to pre
cipitate him. There is no man in this body
whose whole soul goes out more in earnest
to protect the senator’s honor than mine. I
would rather lose the organization of tbe
senate and never have a democratic com
mittee here than have Virginia soil her
A $25,000 Necklace to be Presented by
tbe Cameron Family.
New Yoke, March 14.—1 hear that a pleasant
snprise is in store for Un Garfield in the shape
of a magnificent diamond necklace and bracelets
valued at 825,000, and that the presentation is to
be mads by a family distinguished in politics—
the Pennsylvania Camerons. My informant,vrho
tas haa seen the jewels, was enraptured with
th.yn and ray* they are worth being worn by an
mate a’ present to the Garfield* ? Secretary Mac-
Veaghlssaid to be unfiiendly to Grant and the
Cameron clan, though he la a member of the
Cameron family by marriage.”
rural and mining population of Ihe
Slates, 30,000,000 at least, in numbey, could
be sustained within the limits of this area,
under better conditions than the average
conditions which they now enjoy.
This section is now booming with the
great industrial forces born of liberty; is
being permeated in every direc
tion by new • lines of railroad,
under the management of men who are as
sagacious aa any connected with any of the
great railroad enterprises of this country.
The moment you bring the subject to their
attention, will they not combine to build a
duplicate of tbe Kansas and Colorado
building, and to bring together therein
specimens of the minerals, the timber, the
soils and the product of agriculture—the
flora and the fauua—of this great section
our common country ?
If you do not think that snch an enter
prise would overshadow the cotton exhibi
tion, and if you believe with me that it will
double the interest and double the atten
dance there, I think yau have but to spread
this letter before your people, and the sug
gestion will be as potent as the first sugges
tions of the cotton exhibition is now prov
to have been.
i this case again, the somewhat higher
ala be required can be con-
•f Boroultcher in the government Of Novagorod.
Tbe New Viar,
Alexander Alexandrovitch, who from
czarevitch now so suddenly becomes czar
of all the Russias, was born February 26,
(March 10, new style,) 1845, and was mar
ried on November 9. 1866, to Maria Dag-
mar, then 19 years old, daughter of Chris
tian IX., king of Denmark. The czar .is,
therefore, brother-in-law of the prince of
Wales, who married the Princess Maria’s
elder sister, Alexandra, aud also of George
King Christian’s second son, who was
elected king of the Hellenes in 1863. It is
very plain how these relationships are now
most important. As to Alexander Ill’s
policy and ability, very little can be said,
for he has yet to show his quality. In
1877 he did indeed command the army of
Biela, but in that capacity he did, or was
permitted.to do. nothing of note, and was
finally superseded. It is certain, however,
intermittent. * Daring the psstlsw years he hal
■teadilv gone to the front, however, and now, a*
this dernier raid, “one of Peck’s stories poshes up
the sales and steadies the circulation as nothing
else does.” Herald further ti at the popularity
of the present stories is resulting in an increasing
demand for back volumes containing Professor
Peck’s earlier stories. To be tbe “strong card”
” “ means to be the favorite with the
desire to express their gratitude for the ^ft. Of
course you know that gratitude haa been defined
as a grateful recollection of favors to come, and
it is fair to presume that the gilt of 825.000 worth
of diamonds will sot soon be effaced from the
memory of the Garfield family.”
bach is the story as it come* to me from author
ity that I would not presume to question. I had
heard that Congrc-fttnraa Chittenden intended to
bestow a handsome gift upon the president’s wife,
and that be had a foreign appointment to ask at
the president's hands.
lea, if not in the world. The Ledger haa the
largest circulation, by probably 20u,0U0, of any
paper in America, and with one exception, prob
ably the largest In the world.
“It is the most devoted constituency,” said the
news-dealer, “as well as the largest that any
American author writes for. The readers of the
Ledger will have their paper every week if they
have to go without their dinner to get It. It Is
very fortunate that it Is a pore paper, or it might
do incalculable damage. It employs the pens of
the wisest and best essayists, and its stories,
while they are thrilling and exciting, are always
pure and correct. The nght fellow always whips
the fight, and the virtuous girl comes out ahead
with a certainty that ia encouraging. Prof. Peek’s
storks have the fancy and
work, bat they are dearly
ling.”
All of which I am more than happy to record
of a man who deserves it all and more.
At Delroooloo's,the other day.I aaw a young
ish-looking man, careless in his dress, and with
an air of discouragement and recklessness
in and take a seat alone statable. It w.
L ie. the ill-fated partner of George. W. Williams,
whose failure a year or so ago. was discussed all
that its several parts will be worth
more for other purposes after the exhibition
ia over, than tne coat of the materials of
which it will be constructed.
In this connection, it ought to he consid
ered that tbe rapid increase in tbe wheat
crop of tbe Uni ted States xnav presently end
in anch low prices, that it will
no longer be worth while
emigrants to pass on to
‘ prairies ot the far west when
lepend on wheat as their money
crop. And it must not be forgotten that if
we had enjoyed as good a cotton picking
season this year as we had last, the crop
might have reached from six and a half to
sevenxnilHon bales; and then it may be
that the last million of trash will not be
worth the cost of sending to market, and
the price of the whole may be greatly de
creased.
On the other hand We are to receive an
increasing body of emigrants; p«
considerable portion of the 5,000,000 tenant
farmers of England Who are now being
ruined by American competition in farm
products, and who must find another stand
ing place for their iptelligence and industry
Where in the whole country can there be
found a section so congenial to this class of
probable emigrants than portions of Vir
ginia, Kentucky, northern Georgia, and of
western North and South Carolina? Is it
not time to be considering diversities
of soil, climate, and conditions,
and the concentration of immigrants
in this section which constitutes the back
bone of the eastern part of the United
States* and to check the tendency to scatter
the people over vast areas where they may
presently find themselves enable to produce
hat they can sell?
1 nothing farther to these sug
gestions. If the plan does not approve
use If on ita first consideration it may be
will be molded after his 1
like of the Germans has been outspoken,
especially since liis marriage, and lie has
nol hesitated to say that favoritism to them,
to the prejudice of the native element, has
been a just cause of dissatisfaction. Toward
the end of 1879 he came to an open rupture
with his father on the question of their
common inheritance cf rule over 85,000,000'
people, v The czar then informed the
czarevitch, it was reported, that during his
reign not a single constitutional experiment
ought to be made, and the Eon’s reply was
that his father had no nght to compromise
the fuiute of the dynasty by denying
reforms which were demanded by many
ministers and generals, the administrative
senate, and most of the army. From thia
it would appear that the conflict between
constitutional and autocratic principles ia
at last settled, and that the immediate
initiation of governmental reforms will be
the new czar’s firat act.
The personal characteristics of the czar have
The Cotton Exposition.
Charleston New* and Courier.
The announcement of the exposition baa elld
ted many responses, and the gentlemen in charge
■ay that from all parte of tbe United 8tetes and
from many parts of Europe they have received
cwnmnnicationa showing an enttraiiairic interest
in the matter, which they believe will render
their efforts entirely successful. We people of
the south should embrace evear oppor.unity
which, like the opportunity afforded by the
poeiuon. will bring among us intelligent and
lieve, when be failed. Had he been
terested observers of our Industrial condition,
resources and aptitudes. We have in the midJtt
of us the raw mate, ial, «> to speak, of a magnifi
cent prosperity. Wfchu* knowledge, population
andcapiuL These nUj be slowly arcumulaud
in the coarse of years, or they may be rapidly
to live com-! acquired by well directed effornuo obtain them
8300,000,1 be- I from beyOnd our owa borders. W e advocate the
n able to have I latter plan.
deep-cheated, broad shouldered, and seem
ingly of i
__ great atraoi
gray, and hia bead is large
* Ic*
gth. _
is large and of a shape
which phrenologists say indicates a strong
wilL His mouth is small, with good teeth;
his hair is auburn, and his complexion very
fair. In St. Petersburg he usually wears a
uniform, but when visiting bis wife’s rela
tions he wears a shepherd’s plaid and neith
er gloves nor jewelry. He is very popular
in Copenhagen, where he tod the Princess
Dagniar, as she is still fondly called by the
Danes, walk about the town together in
the most unceremonious manner, and
are always ready to take their part
in any popular entertainment daring
the long visits which they periodically
pay at her father’s court. It also speaks
well for him that he is supposed to require
no extra amusement there; but to be per
fectly happy, leading a simple life with his
wife and children, roaming about the park,
and spending quiet evenings in the castle.
In the summer of 1876 the whole Danish
royal family, including the king and qneen
of Greece, were|entertained for six weeks
at his palaces in 8t. Petersburg and Czaroo- .
gelo. The czarina has four beautiful chil
dren—the eldest, Nicholas, a boy of 12; the
second, George, about 9, who bears a striking
resemblance to the early pictures of
Alexander II. and two much younger ones.
Xenia and Michael. She has accompanied-
her husband to all parts of European
Russia, and has gained the affection of tbe
people, particularly of the Poles. In the
winter at the Anitcbkov palace she has an
annual Christmas tree, but it is not invaria
bly the children of the nobles who are in
vited, but a number from the most squalid
homes in 8t Petersburg, recommended by
some of the members of the society for the
relief of distress; and these are always sent
away with a good stock of warm clothing,
as well as tbe customary presents.
Snch verv contradictory stories are told
of the prince’s attitude with regard to poli
tics, that one-half at least of them most be
invented; and, as a man of 35 seldom holds
the same views that he did at 25, the
probability is that his ideas have changed
considerably daring the last 10 years. His
manner is abrupt, and wants cordiality; he
is a careless though not a great talker, and,
as a younger man, was known to give way
to very unbecoming displays of temper,
He has great powers of endurance.
