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THE WEEKLY CONSTITUTOR, DECEMBER 13,1*81 AT THE EXPOSITION. FACTS AND INCIDENTS OF THE DAY NOTED. The LutMt Crowd 8inee the Opening???The City Com* forteblv Filled???The Proceeding, of the Na tional Cotton Planter*' Convention??? The Spccche, of the Oeeuion. Forward bus tK-en their watchword and forward ita- been their mateh. under the l>!exeings of home role and home government. until they have reached an elevated position. from which Uiey point you to there exposition balls, to this city's marvelous growth, and to Georgia's steady progress as an a.> your wise counsel and in vour en- thusiastie feelings, in the efforts tve have expended. The presence at this exposition and at this time of so large a body of men???, thriftv in their pursuits, representative of their classes I and patriotic in their desires for the advancement snranee to the people of the north and the south. I and prosperity of the whole people is an event of the east and the west of the life in die i grand significance, and has properly challenged the old state yet. To . tin.* evidences of attention of the best progressive minds of the eottn- this vitality, not only In Georgia, but in other try. The union here to-dav, so long hoped for and It must lie a son roe of the greatest pride to those public spirited men who put their mon ey and energies to work to give the sotitii her first great exposition to contemplate the suc cess of their efforts. One does not have to be a eitir.cn of Atlanta nor of the south to appre ciate the scope and greatness of the enter prise. That man must lie indeed dead to ev ery impulse of patriotism who cun walk through the buildings and grounds at Ogle thorpe park and sec what is there to l*e seen??? the enormous collection of America???s product and the thousands of visitors who have come from every quarter of the country to sec them, and not l>e moved to a feeling of the greatest enthusiasm and pride. As for us the people of Atlanta???there can be no bounds to our enthusiasm when we know that our city is now the centre of attraction for all the American people, and that the eyes of the whole people are turned toward her. The name of Atlanta is ??????in the mouths all men," and her praises sung by tongues innumerable. Well may we be proud. We have been visited by the high and the low of the whole country, ami Wlmt we have shown them is in every way worthy of the whole peop???e. The exposition is univer sally pronounced the greatest exposition of American prjducts ever made either in this or any other country, and as such should l*e seen by the people of all sections. . National Cotton Planter*'Convention. THK ISTKItKSTISO PROCEEDINGS WITH WHICH THE GREAT EVENT WAS INAUGURATED. The National cotton jilantera??? association assem bled in Judges??? hall at 12:30 p.m. A great many of them were accompanied by ladies, and there was also present it large number of siieclators, including many planters from this and adjacent states, who were not active members of the association. These combined to make the assembly oue of the largest that has gathered in Judges' hall during the ex|M>- sition???not only the largest gathering, but one that was more nearly representative of the great indus tries of the country, as connected with the cotton interests of America. There were representatives from nearly every one of the cotton producing states, as well as distinguished manufacturers of cotton machinery and textiles from the leading C intent of the cast. Director-General Kimball called the assembly to order and briefly welcoming ttiem, explained the programme that had lieen arranged for this long expected and significant convention. In conclud ing he introduced Governor Colquitt, who was to make the welcoming address. Governor Colquitt, on rising, was greeted with applause and spike ns follows: "Mr. President: As i stand here, commissioned by the authorities of this exposition uiid by the state ef Georgia, I wish to declare that I have never undertaken a task of welcome in which my heart was more interested than it is upon the present occasion. If, In welcom ing a guest, we nre to consider his diameter, who is there, in all the earth, who is more entitled to welcome and distinction anywhere limn those who produce and???those who handle this great staple???cotton. What mi amazing history is connected with it. licginning in Kill was the very first inti ination we ever had of it in English history. In 17M including a period of eight or ten years, there were but seventy-four bales of cotton all told sltipped from this country to England. The first cotton manufactory in this country was built in 17s7, in tlic little^town of Beverly, Massachusetts, and from that day u> this its progress anil its devel opment have been wonderful, oven from the Arcadian days of which the jioets like to sing, w hen the maid was at the spindle and the weaver at tile to,>11) and both sat blithe mid gay- yea, down to tills period when almost every rill and every river, instead of listening to the song of tile spinner, is loud witli the hum of the wheel and machinery. These wonderful steps have been made year after year until to-day, when you come to compute the multiform relations that this staple hears to the commerce of the W'orld, it is fully enough to amaze the statesman and the httmanita riau. Uism how- many lields has it set labor to work, in how many shops has it started the busy wheels of industrv, upon how many railroads is it furnishing the freights for transportation, upon how many seas, uniting together continents 6u almost evetr wave, do you not ii tin ships bearing the cotton products or manufactured goods? It is stimulating the industries of almost the entire earth: it is the almoner of progress: It is the almouer of employment, of peace and it w ill, in its relations to our industries und our de velopment, cement in fraternity, in union and in love the once dissevered tlcments of society in this country. [Applause,] l*sec before me many of the planters of the south and I see gentlemen from the distant stales, from those that have been so distinguished in enterprise, in skill, in invention and improvements in ma chinery. They, as well as many of us at home, have been in the habit of regarding these plain and industrious planters os mere clodhoppers of the earth. Just a word here in vindication of these plain, unpretentious men. You will pass through these exhibition halls; you will gaze lit wonder and amazement upon the skill and ingenuity of these contrivances and machines for the manipulation of this product and contmst them with the old-time machines tlint were so hanl atnl so slow in their processes. While we give all credit to these men of genius, at the same time let us not underrate these simple, plain, hard-working men of the country or their achievements* 1 invite von gentlemen, who have been given to labors of enterprise and improvement, to walk out on tills plat of ground and witness that these cotton plant ers of the south have brought this wonderful pro duct to the very highest development of which it apia-ars capable. [Applause.] When you eonte to contrast it with the products of Egypt, Brazil and other eountrieshere placed on exhibition, von and I alike will agree that distinguished credit is due from both of us and all of us to these plain, unassuming gentlemen of the country. [Applause.] We have exhibited here to-day a spectacle that has never before been wiinessed in this orany other country. You, gentlemen engaged in manufac tures, have been in the habit of meeting in conven tions, and discussing those measures which would contribute to your best interests and those of the country- These planters have been meeting in their states and county societies and conventions and discussing what pertained to their employment. But never before has it been written that the manufacturer* of the implements and machinery of an industry have come together with tlie employers and producers In a common sympa- thy and union for their mutual interest. (Applause.) They are here to-day to take each other by the hand, to look into each other???s faces and to discus* as one brotherhood what is best for their common welfare. Oh, would It not be well If some commercial high priest could stand up here to-day and bless this union with the injunc tion, "tv hose hands are here joined together, let no man put asunder.??? [Applause.] And how much belter still if we could have a tnpartite agreement and have the transnortersof the country join with us in this union. But I will not be led away into that discussion. My task is a very simple one. It is to bi<l yon welcome to Georgia and to these grounds, which I do with all the heartiness with which I can utter the word. For never before with more solemnity and more cordiality have 1 bid any body welcome to tlie homes, the hospitalities ami hearts of our people. [Applause]. Colonel Thomas Hardeman, of Maeott, president of the Georgia state agrieiiltu ml society, next was Introduced and spoke ns follows: Mr. President and Gentlemen: Having In person, in the city of Memphis, tendered your body an in vitation to visit the cotton exposition, 1 fell sensibly the compliment conferred upon me. when those in authority delegate*! to me the pleasant duty of wel coming you to these exposition halls, lit so doing I shall use no flowers of rhetoric, no studied meta phor, but in simplest English express tlie gratifica- lioti your presence affords and the well wishes of all, for your pleasure, your comfort and edification. As the representatives of that great industry which underlies our national prosperity, I bid you wel come to an exposition inaugurated to enhance its Interest, to enlarge its usefulness, to improve its economies and maintain its pre-eminence. In the name of the planters of Georgia. I bring you word of welcome and of cheer: in the name of the man agers of this great southern enterprise I extend to you.a cordial greeting: in behalf of the citizens of Atlanta 1 welcome you to Georgia and to Georgia's capital city. To what other place could Georgia extend so cordial a greeting to those who come to see her condition and mark her progress as to this city, where in the dark and Woody days of revolu tion. they read their fate by the light of its con flagration, ns bursting shell and booming ramton knelled their fortunes and their hopes. If they cite you to the |>ast with sorrow, they point you with satisfaction to the present aud exultantly fore shadow the glory of the future. Lingering in the shadow of her groat misfortune until the smoke of revolution had disappeared and the storm of fac tion hail been hushed In the calm of peaceful pur suit*, her people bade adieu at last to Egypt and began their march toward the good land that is be- southem state* collected here, 1 point you with pride and gratification. Tlie south I know has been charged with inertness, w ith love of ease, with in- difference to progress in ail that gives prosperity to al>eople and ttorition to a state, 1'ardon me, my countrymen, jf in my love formyowu, my southern land, I deny the "soft impeachment." Consider thoughtfully the condition of the southern states after the close of theininsueeessfal revolution. Two thousand millions of dollars worth of property swept suddenly away, lands fearfully depreciated, commercial communications destroyed, the labor system of a century overthrown, farms desolated and fenceless, immense portions of their territory made "a wilderness of wreck," industries paralized by the exactions of governmental bureaus, politi cal anarchy reigning during the turbulent days of reconstruction, idleness and vagrancy characteriz ing the new Civilization in its sudden transformation to iroedom, vibrating between military, provisional and reconstruction rule, and tell me, true men of my country, if the south d.ies not challenge the admiration of mandklnd by her efforts in the rehabilitation of her fortunes and her states from the universal wreck that engulfed the one and bankrupted the others. And who in all these trials and revolutions have suffered mo e than the agriculturists of the south, yet with no help but their efforts and no fortune but their industry, they have toiled on, struggled on. now cheered by hope, then widened bv disappointment until to day, wilh no protective duties from government, they are. in tlie language of l'enclt Koxe, tlie hand maid of commerce mid the parents of manufac tures, furnishing cargoes for our ships, paying for our imp* nations, supplying a large part of tlie world with clothing, ami i:i the progress of their march, laying the inundation for future prosperity in the south that will enrich her with its fruits and gladden her with its blessings. In this progressive march Georgia has been in the foremost rank adopting liersei , as early as government iuterfbr- ence would permit, to the changed condition of her civilization and her industries by unceasing effort and untiring will, she is working out successfully the great problem of tier destiny. Emerging from the war with a loss of over $810,000.00(1 of property, reduced ill Is*Si ton taxable digest of $146,000,000, in a decade of years she hud increased jiiy-.iWO.POij, and to-day possessed of every element of wealth and advancement, she is giving promise of a bright and glorious future. The census inform* us of continued prosperity, of Increased productiveness, of development in manufactures and mines, of multiplying industries, of growth in commerce, in imputation and in educational facilities, which sneak eloquently of her eapaeilies and advantages, iter agricultural aud mineral resources are bound ed only by legislative economies uud constitutional restrictions. In her mountains and hills are gold, lead and copper, coal, iron uiid granite, kaolin, iniingiinese and marble, inicu, nickel and zinc, and other miuerals that compose tne great catalogue of her undeveloped wealth. In the culture of her great staple site has increased from -100,000 to *00,000 bales, taking rank as the second state in its pro duction. lit manufactures, iter growth has been healthy, taring now the eighth on the list of manufacturing states. Though many of her mills were destroyed during the war, she has now factories in operation in tweuly-seven counties, with a capital of $7,000,- 000, consuming 7s.ooo bales of cotton, and giving employment to 7,000 operatives. Many of these are paying handsome interests upon the investment, encouraging thereby, the building of others on a larger scale in the state. Notwithstanding many of her chann* 1 of commerce were broken up, if not entirely destroyed in her late struggle, she has now over 2,800 miles of railroad in running order, and many more under construction, thereby show ing the confidence of capitalists in her future de velopment. impressed as her citizens are with the importance of the universal education of her (am ple???every yenr evidences an advance movement in this noble cause. With four male, a dozen female colleges and one college for colored people, with four agricultural schools and many private institutions of learning???out of a school imputation of 4-10.000 site is educating in her free schools, about 300,000 children, of whom over 100.000are the children of our late slaves, showing an increase in ten years from 42,000 whiles and 6,000 colored to the number above mentioned. What state would have done more with solittlc mcansat hercotnmaud- She lias done -much, yet she is determined on a higher civilization ami a further advancement, tor she feels tlie need of more free school houses, more factories, more small farms and more people inter ested in the labor of the country. She knows her advantages, und she intends???God willing???if in vaded by others, to work out to a successful issue the great problem of material prosperity. With a climate of unsurpassed salubrity, witli a varied and productive soil, with her northern belt uusur- K issedin mineral wealth: an interior >ieldinga ,ir return to the husbandman in the cultivation of our great staple; witli a southern section capable, if developed, of supplying tlie nation with rice and ship stores: with waterpower in proximity to our cotton fields, unsurpassed by I.oweii or Full river: with about fourteen dailies and a weekly press in nearly every county in the.state that would do credit to any people ns educators in science mid morals: with an intelligent and homogeneous population, Georgia offers superioritidm-ements to those seek- ' ing comfortable homes and safe investments. To t this Georgia???the old Georgia of my fathers???proud 1 i * of her past, not ashamed of her present and eu- thusiasrtcally hopeful of her future. I welcome you ??? to-day; The old state, like other states of the south, suffered the throcscfdissolution.but she did not die Heath comes not to states???they arc immortal. Tlie old monarch of tlie forest, stript of her foliage by December's blasts, his limbsdismamled. hi. life fluid dormant in winter???s cold embrace is not dead, but will grow into beauty again when spring calls forth his buds atnl foliage, but in his spring time robes, he will be the same old monarch, that in nakedness defied the temi>cst and tlie storm. .*o with Georgia, animated with new bo|>es. with new energies, with new puriorses, with new sons stand ing around, she is but Georgia, the wreck of her fortunes and the grave of her dead. The Georgia of 1S81, the Georgia of 1812. the Georgia of 1776???one of the old thirteen, who, with the sons of New England, spilt their blood to give us civil liberty and constitutional government. To that Georgia, one of her humblest sons, welcomes to-day the tillers of the soil, God's true nobility. But this welcome would he incom plete, this meeting would be unsatisfactory, did 1 not, (though this duty has been assigned to anoth er) welcome also tlie coworkers of the agriculturists, the manufacturers of the country, for so closely identified are you I might say you are one family, eachdcpendcntupontheother. 1 have looked wim patriotic anxiety to this meeting, for there is not in any history of the past an epoch from which so muny important lessons and influences will flow as from this meeting. The producer aud the manu facturer meet here face to face to consult together for their respective interests. Mutually dependent, they should act in sweetest harmony, each guard ing with sacred fidelity the best interest of the other. Welcome then, gentl* men, to these cxi>o-i- tion halls: welcome, ye sons of New England; wel come, representative* from the key stone state: welcome, ye men of tlie great commercial metropo lis ; welcome, eitizeus, from the young hut great west to Atlanta and to Georgia, aud I hope in your sojourn with us, in your social intercourse with our yet so timidly predicted, of the manutacturers of tlie country with the planters and producers of our greatest staple, is a cheering promise of future sym pathy between them and of the combination of those intelligent counsels and concurrent efforts that will prove beneficial to both branches of this great industry. [Applause.] This meettug to-day is a national convention of the practical statesmen of America???of the men whose training, education and prcdilictions have well won for them distinction as the most progress- veand profitable producers of the earth???and of the men whose quick perceptions, whose inventive genius and whose skill and industry have made them the spirits moving within the wheel that weave the vtart* and woof of American prosperity. [Applause.] That their deliberations in this first congress of their combined interest will attract widespread attention and give to their proceedings universal importance, goes without saviug. The eye of every intelligent planter in the cotton region of America, as well as that of every inventor and machine builder in the country, is turned upqn this convention to-day atnl every line of your deliber- itions, if they nre??? wise, intelligent and progressive, as I know thev will be. will be read throughout the length and breadth of the country and canvassed for fresh suggestions and new impulses in all tho fields of labor where cotton enters as an element. [Applause], In this convention it will be possible for you gen tlemen who are so well skilled, technically and practically, for the dual labor, to not only discuss what is here shown theoretically, but from prac tical observation, and this fact is alone sufficient to give to your deliberations a value such as has at tached to those of no labor convention, no indus trial congress and no national exposition everbe- i'ore held on American soil. [Applause.l The man ufacturers of the north here assembled may listen with confidence to the facts and experiences con nectcd with cotton culture that fall from the lips of these practical and eminent planters: and these planters in turn tnay learn many novel and valu able facts concerning the manipulation of their crop, its preparation for market uud its manufac ture. Out of these mutual deliberations it will be possible for those who attend them, or hereafter study them, to extract practical decisions upon all the lniaite 1 questions that attach to either branch of our cotton industry. The great objects tif thi: exposition, grand as it may be in extent and won derful as it may appear in an industrial sense, are really on trial before this convention, it will be for you to say whether all the results expected front it shall be accomplished. Whatever you shall pronounce gthol and valuable will be im- E licitly accepted as such, because that verdict will ave never had an equal lit influence lit this country. Whatever you shall pass by will lock the approval of the best body of jurors that has ever sat in any country to puss uiom the merjts of processes and productions belonging to any industrial in tercst. (Applause.) Saying tltis much, it remains only for me to reit erate to you iu tlie name of this exposition, the cor diality with which we welcome you within its gates. We feel honored by your presence, we feel that the occasion will be dignified by your deliberations, and that the improve ments and revolutions which may follow in any of the'branchcs of cotton culture, manipulation, or manufacture, will have grown out of our success in gathering here these multitudious objects for judg ment, and the intelligent, indisputable dectsious you may pass upon them. [Applause.] We have here combined in this common work, that is to oc eupy you for the next four days, the nerve, the wis dom, the bone and sinew, "the salt of the earth??? of this southern country, and the sitrewd,conservative, ingenious, investigating minds of the north, who have converted by their skill and patient indus the crude wealth of your fields into the rid jieople. the opinions formed will insurea closer fel lowship. and you will be convinced that there [s security here for property and personal rights: that we have provisions for the maintenance of pttblie morals and for general education, and become im pressed on your home return with the conviction of the importance of preserving friendly relations with a people you have so little understood. To those seeking mvestmentsamong us, we say to you cordially, come. We will meet you with a frankness and welcome worthy of you and our selves. To such as you would have came to you 1 say eonte. We have a good climate, good resources, good society, good laws, good government here??? peaceful government, fertile days of reconstruction and its enmities are over; let the nation rejoice. The carpet-bagger is dead. Let all the people ex claim, "The Lord gave and the Lord has taken away. Blessed be the name of the Lord.??? Come, then, and shareottr destiny. Come, feeling we arc your equals and you are the peers of the best of us, and you will be welcome, tiirtce welcome among us. And now. sirs, as a fitting conclusion to this inter esting union, in this common industrial temple of our country, and our whole country, with the em blems of our states around and freedom???s banner over us. permit me. sir. as an humble priest among the middlemen, to join together in holy union the two great industries of the country, invoking upon yon the blessings of heaven, and earnest in the ex pression of the nope that the union now formed mav be os beautiful as the snow-white fields of the south, :is lasting as New England's granite hills. Colonel Hardeman???s address was interrupted by frequent bursts of applause and by peals of laughter. It was one of the inimitable efforts of the colonel, and as such, greatly aopreciated and admired. Director-General Kimball then arose and said: Mr. President and '-entlemen of the National Cotton Planters' Association: In the name of the managers of the international cotton exposition it aft'ords me peculiar pleasure and is a matter of the greatest pride that I speak a welcome to you on this occasion. The International cotton exposition was organized to accomplish grand results for the peo ple and prosperitv of the south, and the main ob ject that inspired its management in all those labors which nave culminated so successfully to- dav was the bringing together within this enclosure for the observation, instruction and assistance of the planters all the implements, m i- chinery and products ti.at i??ertain to the cotton in dustries of our union. We have from the first mo ment kept constantly in view the accomplishment for the first time in the history of the world of that necessary object. Aud we believe that no effort has been spared upon the part of the management or its friends to encompass it successfully. Whatever measure of success in that direction we have at tained is not for me to adjudge, but we leave that for you tosav afteryou have iully and intelligently examined w'bat is here gathered in your name aud for your interest. I desire to vou, Mr. President, especially, and to your association, to tender the fullest and mast ear- . _ nest thanks of the exposition for the aid you have joud Jordan-that goodly mountain of Lebanon." both been to us, by your advice, iu templating the genius of our institutions and the vital force of our republic. De Tocquevilie de clared: "There will then come a time when there will be seen in North America one hunnred and fifty miilionsof men, equal among themselves, who will all belong to the same family, who will have the same point of departure, the same civilization, tlie same language, the same religion, the same habits, the same manners, and among whom thought will circulate iu the same form and e iiint itself in the same colors. All else is doubtful; ut this is certain. Now. here is a fact entirely new in the world, of which imagination itself cannot grasp the import.??? Unchecked by war, ami defiant of all disaster, this republic has increased in popu lation at tlie rate of a million a year during the last decade, rivalling now every country in the world e ceept Russia, and attracting to her shores vast com munities of people front those crowded and impov- orished nationalities. Thriving states and populous cities spring up here like magic, ???ilte products of new und fertile lauds are borne to the great centers of trade, which are created everywhere by the ne cessities of a teeming population. The civilization which is advancing with such rapid strides from sea to sea is iudeeil a civilization of thrift, intelli gence ano morality. Prosperous industry is here the pioneer of education, the cultivated farm aud the profitable mill preparing the way for the libra ry aud iyceum, tlie school house and the meeting house. Conseiout of the responsibilities and duties which attend them wherever they go, and proud of that individuality which freedom bestows upon every man who enjoys her influences, this aspiring and industrious people of ours has endowed schools and colleges on every band, has established more than seventy thousand churehes.has provided places of worship for more than twenty millions of worshippers, and has church property valued at SAW,000,000. Y'ou will pardon me, I am sure, if I rehearse to you once more at litis second assembly of cotton planters of the south, iu convention which 1 have considered it to be the duty of the agricultu ral department of the I???nited States to encourage in every way in its power, that wonderful develop ment of industry out of which this mental and moral and religious culture has grown, and from the encouragement of which in one of its most important branches you have assembled in this thriving business emporium of the south, which has risen from its ashes with new life and vigor to enter upon a career of prosperity commensurate with this great industrial era', into the forefront of whose advancing columns she has sprung with courage and resolute determination. [Apnlause.] I would avoid this repetition of an astonishing aud encouraging array of figures were it possible to present iu any other way a picture of which every American ought to be proud, and which naturally belongs to h proper delineation of the relations which American industries bear to each other, iu their united efforts for American power aud prosperity. In agriculture the growth of our country has been astonishing, and accounts for that vast internal and foreign commerce out of which has grown so much of our financial success. It is not necessary to go back a half century, or even 25 years, to obtain the most gratifying evi dence of our progress in the work of tilling the soil. But starting in 187U at which time we had reached an enormous pro duction in proportion to our population, and mak ing our comparison with the returns of 1SS0, we may learn what can be accomplished in a single decade by a people constantly increasing in num bers, and occupying new lands. In 1*70 tlie amount of cotton produced tvas 4,352,317 bales; in l.stiO more than 6,000,000. In 1*70 the amount of Indian corn raised was 760,940,54'.'bushels: in 1*S0, 1,754,449,4:*) bushels. Ill 1870 the wheat crop was 2*7,745.626 bushels: in 18*0, it was 459,607,043 bushels. In 1*70 the crop of oats reached 2*2407,157 bushels; in 1**0. istry lit luig* treasures of our commerce. [Applause.] Biddl you welcome and God speed iu your work, I now have the pleasure to turn this meeting wholly over to you and to ask that you will conduct its deliberationsas may seem to yon fittest to the in dustries, the commerce and the patriotic spirit of our common country. (Applause.) Director General Kimball then gave way to Colo nel More head, president of the association, who culled the convention to order and introduced tlie respondent on the part of the association. Ex-Chief-Justice H. F. Sim roll, of Mississippi, then delivered, in response, a most interesting ad dress. Judge Simroll is at present oite of the largest plantcrson tlie Mississippi river and isaboul 60 years of age. Iieisa Keutuekiau by birth, but for 40 years lie lias been a resident of Mississippi and at one time chief justice of that state. In au dition to his planting interests he has a lucrative law practice at Vicksburg. He commenced his address by expressing his gratitude for the hearty welcome that had been ex tended to his people and the association by the representatives of the expositon. He referred to the birth of the National planters??? association, and said that it was the result of a necessity of the times and essential to the interests of the planters. He spoke of the mission of the association and what it had accomplished, and gave some interest ing statistics on the growth of the cotton industries und interests of the southern states. He lamented the absence of cotton-picking machin ery, and proceeded to show that cotton picker was essential to the final triumph of cotton, aud that it must comegMd thqr 'then it did the production of tire staple {nNenfrai- ch would be increased to fifteen million bales per annum. He then proceeded to show where the manufacture of cotton must in the end find a home and, referring to tlie fact that the south is rich in iron for tlie manufacture of the machinery, coal for the fuel or water-power for driving tlie ma chinery, witli the staple at hand and unparalleled transportation facilities, he asked what could pre vent the manufacturers of cotton goods from seeing that in the south alone was the proper place for them. He referred to the hculthfulncss of our section of the union and to the numerous advantages of our excellent climate, which is free from the rigorous weather of the more northern por tions of the country. He made an eloquent reference to the general feeling that now pervades the country and said that if the exiiosition could have been held before 1859 there would have been no civil war. tor the jieople would then have been made to know etich other as they now do. He |??tid a glowing tribute to the exposition. In one portion of his speech he made a plearing reference to. the com bination of " circumstances which suited in bringing the negroes the Foiled States. All new countries, he said, were more or less unhealthy places for white men to live in. The negro could stand the sickly sections of the country, and the all wise Providenee, lie said, who guided everything, landed the negro in America as a slave. He went Into the swamp of tlte south and developed her and being proof against the unhenlthiness of the country, he did not sutler. But when the object was accomplished and the -south presented a pure aud healthful climate ready for the home of whites as well blacks, the mission of the slave was accomplished and he became a free man, having worked out a better condition for both race's. Hi* speneh was a most interesting one and was listened to with close attention. The speaker was frequent ly interrupted with applause. At the close of Judge SimroU???s address President Moreltead made a few remarks iu reference to the business of the association. Mr, Crandall, of Louisiana, moved that a com mlttee of one from each cotton growing state be then api>ointed as a committe on credentials. Tlie motion prevailed aud the president appointed the following gentlemen as the committee: Georgia???L. F. Livingston. Mississipjii???William M. Worthiugtou. Louisiana???J. \V. Castleman. Arkansas???Marshall Keys. Alabama???S. C. Marks. South Carolina???E. K. Mclvar. Florida???Joseph Voyle. Texas???Mr. Oliver. Virginia???R. S. Saunders. Tennessee???J. D. Milburu. North Carolina???N. Dumont. The committee retired to one of the rooms of the executive department in Judges??? hall, where the credentials of visiting delegates were received. The meeting then udjourued to convene at the capitol in the hall of the house of representatives at 7:30 p.m. Dr. Loring'* Address- Yesterday the Hon. George B. Loring. United States Commissioner of Agriculture, delivered r masterly address before the National Cotton Plan tens??? association at Judges' hall, which we publish in full below. No words are necessary to commepd the address. It speaks for itself. It should bet rt . a ,i bv every man under whose eyes it falls. Dr. Loring said: Gentlemen: The rapid growth of American eu terprise constitutes oue of the most important mid interesting chapters in the history - of civilization. Tlie stories of discovery and conquest, of cornmur eial adventure and military power have charms which more prosaic occupations are not expected to posses*. And yet they all sink into insignifi cance before the recital of the steady and triumph ant march of that vast army of busy and devoted to is of iudustrv who have cleared the land and opened the mines, and chained the water falls, anp stretched the great highways of travel and trans portation over valleys and through mountains, and created churches and schoolhouses organized cities and towns, and fed and clothed and educated themselves, aud have filled the coni- ???merce of the world with the products of their toil. ??? The chosen career of the American jieople has been a career of peaceful industry.and their acltievmenfs on this field have won the admiration of the world from their infancy to their years of maturity and strength. More than three quarters of a century ago, Sheridan exclaimed in the house of commons: "America remains neutral, prosperous and at peace. * Turn youreyes to her: view her situa tion. her happiness, her content, observe her trade and her manufactures, adding daily to her general credit, to her private enjoyments and to her public resources, her name) and government rising above the nations of Europe with a simple, but command ing diguitv that wius at once the respect, the confi dence, and the affection of the world,??? aud cou ture products was nearly one hundred per cent in these ten years. And in the last year of this de cade from 1*79 to 1*80, out of this vast increase of our crops and products.our cattle export rose $13,0 )0- 000 to ??14,000,000: corn from $13,000,000 toS50.00U.000; wheat trom ??167,698,000 to $190,510,000, iteiir from $05,000,000 to $45,000,000, cotton front $209,852,000 to 8245,534,391 [applause], beef from $7,000,000 to $12,- 000,000. lard from $28,000,000 to 835,000,000, aud pork from $5,000,000 to $8,000,000 annually. Mark, also, the growth of American manufactures in half a century. In 1830 the amount invested in cotton manufactures was a little more than $40,000,- 000. The number of spindles was a million and a quarter. The number of males employed was 18,- 539, and the number of females was 38,937. The amount of cotto.* used was 77,759,316 pounds. Fifty years have passed away, and the number of spin dles has increased to 10,769,147. The amount of cot ton used in 1880 was 793.240,500 pounds. The num ber of persons employed is 181,628. And the amount of capital invested In mills aud subsidiary work is more titan $225,000,000. Of our woolen, manufactures the statistics are more the number of hands employed was 21,343, and the value of the product was $20,69(5.699. In 18*0 the value of woolens, worsteds, carpets and ho- iery prt ??? dueed was $231,5*7,671: the amount of worn used was 187,616.605 pounds; the wages paid amounted to $45,959,012, and the total value of the material* used was $145,141,798. Tne product iucreased from 1870 to 1880 nearly 10,000,000. In 1870 the silk productions of the United States in manufactured goods were valued at $12,210,662: in 1880 nt $31,410.463. Fifty years ago the shoe aud leather industry had hardly a national reputation. In 1870, however, there were 4,237 tanneries in the United States employing 20,781 hands. using fa weanitnl , of $42,720,505, paying in UM[R9r $7,931,416 annually; producing leather valued at $86,169,883, using more than $9,000,000 worth of bark, nearly 9,000,000 hides and 9,664.000 skins. There were also 3.085 currying establish incuts, employing 10,000 hands, absorbing $12,000,- 800 Capital, and producing$54,191,167. There were, moreover. 3,151 establishments for the manufacture of boots anti shoes, employing 91,702 hands, with a capital of $37,519,019, paying iu wages$42,504,441 an nually, using $80,502,718 worth of leather, manu facturing boots valued at $50,231,470, and shoes valued nt $93,816,203, with a production valued at $146,704,000. The growth of the iron and steel industry has been equally remarkable. In 1810 we produced but 50,000 tons of iron, and our largest steel fur nace could yield but 1.500 tons annually. In 1*30 tlie product was 165.000 tons; in 1810, 315,000 tons; in 1S18, 800,000 tons: in I860, 1,000,000 tons. In 1880 the iron and steel woorks of the United States produced 7,265,100 tons as against 3.655,215 ill <1870. The capi tal invested was $230,971,884, the number of hands employed was 140,978; the wages paid amounted to $55.176.7X5. and the value of all the produets was 8296,557.685. And let me say here in passing that no man has ever seen such admirable illustrations of the min eral wealth of any section north, south, castor west, as is to be seen here. They at e so remarkable ana so represent the industrial resources lying along the lines of the great railroads of the south, that 1 hope to secure from the managers of the several .roads a promise that the entire exhibit of these re markable resources shall be transported to Wash ington, and I propose to make it a part of my busi ness as commissioner of agriculture to erect a build ing devoted to it. [Applause.] lit the manufacture of machinery the ???apitnl in vested has increased from ??15.000,000 to $40,000,000 in twenty years, aud the annual value of the product is more than $10,000,00(1. The aggregate annual product of the manufactur ing and mechanical industries of the United States is now more than six thousand millions of dollars. Of this vast product less than two hundred millions are exported. And of the $9,000,000,000 produced bv agriculture less than ten per cent is ex ported. On the self sujiporting power of the American people, and of the mutual relations ex isting between our industries, we cun dwell as Americans with tlie most profound satisfaction. [Applause]. ?? I have alluded to the producing power of the American people, but in order to understand the relations widen exi*t between our industries we should not forget our consuming capacity also. Of tlie $15,000,000,000 produced by our various indus- triesmearlv $14,000,000 ooo are consumed at home. It is the home market to which tho American producer turns most naturally, let his in dustry be what it may. In fact tlie law of our ???largest and most widely-dift'used in dustry, agriculture, is the cultivation of those crops which are adapted to a local market and the occupation of lands lying near such a mar ket. Not yet has this law become universal, it is true; but it applies to all the older and thickly set tled sections of oar land, and goes with diversified industries, wherever they create large cities and towns. Fifty years ago the farmer was compelled to seek his market near home on account of the dif ficulty which attended the transportation of his crops. But the settling of new and remote lands, and improved methods of transportation, rendered the growing of the great staples a necessity, and corn, wheat and provisions occupied the farmers??? attention, and opened to him remote aud even for eign markets for hi* gains. This frontier fanning, however, is but temporary^ aud must be followed by that systematic husbandry which constitutes the legitimate business of the American farmer, aud carries him back to those days when agriculture was almost the sole business of the country, and when a farming com munity was uniformly jirospdrous, when prudent and industrious. While our large towns and our manufacturing states, therefore,, provide markets fora large portion of the products of the iaistures and grain fields of the west, they also support that more profitable system which consists iu a careful cultivation of the soil and in the economical man agement of small farms. Tlie trade of this home uiurketto which I have alluded is immense, and the sources of supply in all their variety form an interesting topic for consideration. New England requires about twenty million bushels of wheat and produces only one and a quar ter million. New York uses about thirty millions and grows about twelve. The supply of this defi ciency comes from the west, from the uhio valley and the prairies west of the Mississippi and the Missouri, and costs from forty to fifty million dol lars in years of good production, but still more in the present year of comparative scarcity. To assume however from the fact that New York goes west for six-tenths of her wheat supply, that wheat growing is an. unproffuiple industry there wouidbe an unsafe and unreliable conclusion. There are eight counties south of Lake Ontario which yielded in 1879,6,0*6,867 bushels on 327,269 actcs, [or 18.6 bushels j>er acre, a rate more than lift.'percent, above that of Minnesota, or Dakota, and somewhat higher than that of California for the same year. Thus an important part of the de- ticianev of other counties in New York was supplied by the surplus grown in the Seneca valley and ??? its neighborhood. There is another district lying eastward toward the Hudson, and south ward toward the Delaware, that finds a great er profit in the dairy, making a produclion In but ter and cheese worth fur more than the grain pro cured from the west. Not only are the home wants in dairy products supplied, but a large share of the 120,000,060 to 140,0o0,000 pounds of cheese exported from year to year is credited to this district, bringing a vast amount of money from Europe, a part of which onlv is contributed to the aid of tlie western wheat growing. Going still nearer tlie seaboard to Dutchess and Westchester, and the fruitful sand of Long Island, we find more people and less wheat, and the soil devoted to market gardening, yielding under the most favorable circumstances, a grots* product worth a thousand dollars per acre, enough to buv a quarter seetion of superior wheat land west of the Mississippi. In the Immediate vicinity of New York city the product of market gardening swells to millions of dollars. Ten years ago the census reported more than a million dollars worth in Queens county alone, and tlte present enumera tion must, when tabulated, show an immense in crease for tliis suburban district. The neighbor hood of Boston and Philadelphia, and every other large city is monopolized by mar ket gardens, and the country about Norfolk. Virginia, is mainly devoted to fruit and vegetables for northern consumption. The fruits of the country, a perishable commodity, must be produced as near as possible to the points of principal consumption. The domestic fruits alone furnish a trade of large volume and value. New York city ha* a trade in domestic fruits of more titan nine millions of dollars: Chicago, which supplies tlte great northwest, lias about as much: and tlie other large cities of the country would swell the total amount to about sixty million dollars, including the great amount now sent from our southern latitude. (ould all the fruits sold in smaller cities and villages be added, and those consumed on farms and village lots be enumerated, it is probable, judging by careful de ductions from available data, that the annual value of the iruils of the United states would not fall much below $200,000,-000. Thus the distribution of farm products is found to arise from multiplicity of causes. - Soil, climate, nearness to large cities, prices ef land and labor, facility for obtaining labor, at required times or seasons, skill in special industries developed by long practice, conservative persistence in time-honored usage, and many other causes serve to distribute iu patches, large or small, the crops which furnish the produets of American agriculture. The great cereal crop of the country, Indian corn, which is only exceeded by grass in universality of distribution, eoustitutestuore than 1,700 of the'2,700,- 000,000 bushels of grain of 1879. It is found in every state and in every teiritpry with one or two exceptions. Yet tills crop cannot escape tlie law of s|ieciul local attraction. The three states, Illinois, Iowa aud Missouri, yield eight hundred million bushels or 45 per cent of the crop, und only seven states, including Indiana and Oltio on the cast, and Kansas and Nebraska on tlte west ever have any considerable surplus above the require ments ot home consumption. The remaining thirty- one states and all the territories produce together but 37 per cent of the crop, at only the rate of 19 bushels per acre, but halt the ra.e of yield of tin- corn belt. The receipts at the seaboard cities for exportation and consumption including all kinds of grain, ground and underground, aggregated 352,921,452 bushels in 1879, and 369,559,607 bushels ill 1880. Tlie whole eastern movement of western gri.iu includ ing shipment* to interior points on ihe Atlantic slope, must somewhat exceed 400,000.0110 bushels,, not more than one-sixth of the total production of an abundar.t year, and- less than one-fourth of the lightest crop the most disastrous season is likely to yield. The relations which are thus established between the agricultural and manufacturing interests of our country not only effect the material prosperity of the farmer, but they provide him with that social enjoyment upon which the happiness of an edu cated people largely depends, and rouses him to that energetic action which gives strength to ali ltis powers. The isolation of tarm life incident to sparsely settled regions is one of tlie trials which the American is anxious to avoid: and when lie leaves the outlying farm lytd secures a home nearer the. haunts of men. He places himself within reach of the Iyceum and the library, and easy and con- nient intercourse with his fcllowmett. The com forts and adornments of bis home are increased: aud fanning becomes to him an occupation anal ogous to those branches of business which tempt me t away from the loveliness of the country to tip ple c ores and opportunities of tlte town. Tlie tend ency of the rural population of some sec tions our country to abandon the exhausted farms and seek lands nearer a populous market, is by no means mi evidence of agricultural decline It indicates rather a disposition to take advantage of those circumstances which lead to more active industry and more profitable labor. It is the same spirit of enterprise which has iuduced many farmers to abandon general agriculture and devote t bent selves to special crops, and has lead the casual observer to infer that the cultivation of tlie soil was being abuudoued 1 have known tlie statistical returns-oi many evi dently thrifty aud prosperous fanning communi ties to indicate a reduction of the products of the farm and to lead to the supjiosition that because the cereals and animal products were dimini siting the lands were deserted. But a more careful exam ination has always revealed the fact that it was a change in the industry alone which had taken place, and that lor those crops which met with competition from tlte cheap ami fertile lands of tlie west, had bec.i substituted the products of the market garden, with ali the profit which goes with this mode of manipulating tlie land. As this system extends and manufacturing cities aud towns multiply the returns of our farms will be largely increaied and Ihe average yield of our land |>er acre will be greatly enlarged. It is the intimate relation be tween agriculture and manufactures which makes general farming what it is, and will gmduallv nuike American farming what it should be. [Ap plause.! The relation existing between the cotton planta tions aud the market created by American manu facturers is deeply interesting^ to this association, which represents that great brunch of agriculture. I learn from the cotton movement and regulations compiled by It. P. Salter, member of tlte New York cotton exchange, that of the total crop of 1870-71, of 4,352,017 bales, 1,110,196 bales were ??o t sttmed in theUuited States; of tlte total crop of 1874-75 of 3,832,961 bales, 1,193,005 bales were consumed in the United States, and of the crop of 1880-81, of 6,605,750 bales 1,938,937 bales were consumed iu the United States. The increase in home consumption during the ten years front 1870 to 1881 was 828,741 hales. 1 ltis iiiorea.se is of the greatest importance, considering the fact that the loss on cotton sold in the English market i.*lnearly two cents per pound in freight, port charges and loss of weight on bag ging, etc., and the average price in 1880-81 in Liver pool is 6.48 pence, and in. New York 11-34 cents per pound, tlie advantage of the American market being nearly two cents a pound to the producer. This important relation will continue to increase in value as American manufactures extend, and tlie home market is cuiatged and will undoubtedly produce an increase hi the average yield of cotton pcrncre, and iu the ultimate uniformity of the crop in the cotton states, allowance being made for difference iu soil and ciluiate. This added to a wide diversity of farming which will lie adopted here, will do much to develop tlie agriculture of this section, it is undoubtedly true now that the cotton belt need* variety of crops ??? to till the vast unoccupied areas not suited to the cotton plant. [Applause.] Nine- tenths of the superficial area of these states yield no production iu agriculture except in a limited degree in pasturage and w*hk! product*. But three acres in every hundred are iu cotton whielt occu pies one-third of the breadth of the land actually cultivated. The cotton area in 1879 was 14,462,- 438 acres. The area of ten cotton states is 456,000,- 000 acres. The cotton crop is not evenly distributed in these states. It is almost unknown in tlte whole mountain system of tlie south, slopes as well as summits and Unsuitable lands of irigh elevation, suited only to the products of high temperate latitudes, mixed farming grain growing, dairy ing and orcharding. It is grown mostly on the alluvial soils of the great. rivers, 'thelimestone beltot southwestern Georgia, central Alabama aud western Mississippi, in general terms one-tenth of the counties yielding cotton produce half of tiiat crop. The largest average- yield per acre, according to tlie census, discloses the local belts of greatest productiveness as follows, viz.: The richest cotton land in the state* is on the Mississippi above aud opposite Vicksburg. The highest county average* in three stales unite to prove the superiority of this district: East J "unroll in Louisiana, Chicot in Arkansas, and Washington in Mississippi, respectively, stand for the largest rate of production lit these states and in the cotton belt, yielding iu 1879 but little less than a bale per acre. The second best district is alsoon the Mississippi, and represent* the best yields of three states: Dunk lin in Missouri, l-ake in Tennessee, and Hickman in Kentucky. In the same way are grouped Cherokee in Ala bama, with Polk in Georgia aud Marlboro in .South Carolina, and Richmond in North Carolina. Nine counties north and east of Raleigh. North Carolina, scarcely a tenth part of the state, pro duce half of the crop of that state. An adjoining district itt southeast Virginia, produces ail of the crop of that state. You can readily understand the advantage to be derived from greater uniformity of yield. Consider now tlie benefit which the manufacturers derives from liis free and intimate relations with the agriculture of tlte country. On the one hand, drawing his raw material largely from the immense and various resources of our country???iron, cotton, wool bides, and. on the other hand, finding si home market in tlte great agricutural regions, the American manufacturer possesses opportunities and advantages hardly . ' known to auv other country on earth, and illustrating most forcibly the self-supporting power of our peo ple. So closely are these interests united that what effects one naturally effects both. The same policy which has been extended over our mills ha* been extended also over our fields, aud the results iit ??? .cli i?? demonstrate its true value. While tho American manufacturer has furnished the American turuicr wtut almost all ltis necessary articles, such us cotton goods and fabrics, boots and shoes, axes, fork* spades, shovels, hoc*, harrows, pluugn-,takes, cultivators, rentiers, mowers, wagons, tinware, ??????lasswarc. eheai>er than they can be purchased in the English market, tlie Amaricatt farmer lias ???d abroad. The traffic is free audteuual.and it is be tween parties enjoying equal privileges and oppor tunities rates of interest, wages of labor, taxes, so cial and civil expenses all being regulated by one svstent and varying only with -afferent localities. ~\* tlte two great pillars of American industry, ???hey have received equal consideration from the govern ment Not on)v is a duty laid on goods of foreign manufacture, but there is also laid on all animals eveent for breeding purposes, a duty of twenty per cent- on wool, from ten to twelve cents w. r ??? pound, and front ten to twelve - l M-r cent nd valorem added: on in -ir from two to five cents per pound: on corn, ???en cents tier bushel: <"> Barley, fifteen cents; on wheat twenty cents: on oats, ten cents: on butter ???nd cheese, four cents per pound; on tobacco leaf unmanufactured, thirty-five cents per pound, and tli ??? vmerieatt fanner may well remember that un- derthi* nolicv the clip of wool in this country has Great Britain and Ireland. (Applause.! And these two great producing industries, engaged in supply- in" each other with all that enters into the material comfort and welfare of life at the lowest possible rite* mav also remember that their products are ' ??? now??? transported on- American steel rail* costing $60 per ton, as against $110 per ton, when furnished by the rolling mills of England, and with freight rates reduced nccotdingly, and let me sav vou arc going to make it still better before y???ur mountains are exhausted. [Applause.] When these two important and fundamental in dustries united in the work of developing American resources it is not to he supposed that they who laid the foundation of this union, anticipated the great end radical change which has taken place since their dav. They could pot have foretold the- ocean-del???ving steamship, and the land-defying railroad ???and the time defying telegraph. They could not have listened amidst the quiet repose of their luxuriant farms, for the busy hum of great cities. But they performed their work well in their dav and generation, and they sot an example of in dustry and foresight which we may well follow. \nd i am compelled to believe that they antici pated the lime when tlie people of this country would be engaged in mutual indus tries for mutual supimrt. and u$icn the twelve millions of people of their day would become the fifty millions of out own, busy and consuming in the great commercial and mauutiic- tu ring centres, busy and producing in the great ag ricultural legions, each industry leaning on its fel low aud all united in establishing American sup ply for American markets nud regulating prices in. accordance witli tlte wants of American labor, uud the value of active American capital. [Applause.] The production of supplies and the existence ot a market have always created a necessity for a sys tem of transportation, which constitutes oue of the cooperative industries of society, ???the modern methods of transportation by steam, both on land and water, have given new value to lands, new op- portuuities to mills, new markets anti values to crops; and it may In.- safely qgid that tlie addition, of a powerful and rapid lncansof transportation has not only given new life to all the old industries, but has added a new one of inestimable value and importance. The labor and expense of exchanging commodities have been so far diminished in our day that every producing industry is now able ti> employ its time and means to tlie best possible ad vantage. No time is now wasted by the manufac turer in traveling from his mill to iris market???none by tlie farmer iu transferring his crops from his fields to the consumer. No limit is now put to tlie capacity of the mill, the capital absorbed and the hands employed by distance and obstacles on sea or land. The farmer Whose time anti means aud horses were fully employed iu hauling the crops of a hundred acres to market fifty years ago, can now employ his force tit home in increasing the crop of ten times that area of land while it is har vested and borne to market by machinery. 1-atids. which were once useless to the cultivator arc now brought by rail to the very doors of the market required by their crops. And not only is the transporting capacity of each individual increased but the for e which can be retained for work on tic land is vastly cnliatu td, as well as the profit on I he crop itself. When many years ago tlie railroad from Springfield, Illinois, to the Illinois liver was opened ii was announced in a leading newspaper of that day, ???one w> ek before tlie railroad was finished corn could be iiad here in auy quantity at fifteen cents per bushel; now not a bushel can be had for less than twenty-five- cents.??? With the system of larniitig which 1 have defined and. the system of transportation which we possess the producing power of American labor andi land is almost unlimited. (Applause. The relations which have been established be tween these active and vigorous industries t<>. which 1 have alluded have produced upoa society moreover a degree of mcmul energy and genera???!., intelligence never equalled in any age of the world. (Applause.) > In tlie affiiirs of life now a man???s head is consid ered to be worth as much as ltis hands, the relative market value of these two commodities having materially changed since the "common and current mind??? began to ussert itself and its su premacy. Mark the amount of intelligence re quired to manage and run our railroads, the fore sight prudence and comprehension of the presi dent, the watchful systematizing power of the su perintendent, the activity und self-possession of the conductor, tlie headlong courage of the engineer who plunges through mountains and overrides val leys ill his career, the laborers who grow intimate witli the vast and intricate mechanical forces em ployed in this great civilizing business, und it is easy to see why it should demand and create Intel- ligent labor???an aggregation of untiring intellects all acting upon eaclt other from the highest to tlie lowest, in away unknown to slower and more cir- circumscribed systems of .travel and transportation. Tlie constant and rapid intercourse of the prcs- cut day???passage by steam aud commu nication by magnetism???the subjugation and use of mechanical forces in all their might and in all their delicacy, by superior and com- mutlditig minds, has insj.ired and elevated the ob- servant uud co-oflenitive masses of men to u decree Inirdlv surpassed by the training of our public schools. W hile, therefore, the business of life as represented by our railroads, and steamships, and teh giaphs, and mills and improved modes of agri- demand intelligent labor, it joins hands witli the schools and does its share of the work of education, ltefore the incessant acti' ity and ex tended relations created by all the accelerated busi ness methods of modern days???-by tmnsportntion, which opens the. markets of Xew England to the living products of the i*astuiesof Illinois, and car- jies the laboier in a day from the localitv where he is not wanted to the locality where he is wanted???by machinery, which creates faster than a destructive- and extravagant |*eople ever can consume, and casts the punted page broadcast over die land, driv ing tne distHii and the spinning-wheel into* seclusion, mid mocking the tedious toil of the hand- pre.*s. iApplause.J We cannot, if we would, be come stationary in our habits und deliberate under our necessi\r??s. [Applause.] To name now is sim- P???> }?? % we trampled on by the multitude. We must tia\el by steam, we must semi our wool to the mill, OU . r ., n .\ ,lk l< - l le " c must know how much gold there is in California, und silver in Arizona, and coal tn I ennsylvania. and copper at Like Su perior: we must read the last message of the presi dent, the lust debate in congress; we must Know something about Gladstone and John Bright, and Gambctta: something about Yorktown and A tiunta??? [Applause.] \\ v must use a steel pen, and a mow* ing-machiue, and a horse-hoe, und a tedder, and a In, ! sl exchange photographs with t ur fi lends, and endanger our privacy with a tele phone, [laughter] and recognize iu cverv way the marvellous diligence of man iu his * use heat and air and earth ana sea for his own comfort and convenience, or make up our mind to live in the world as not VA USt J^heve the relations ot our in dustries. the combination of industrial forces which makes modern society what it is, if we would per- theage lr pan Wel1 a,lc * com prehend the genius of ! * mve given of the relations of the indu.stries of tills country, one to another, I na\e not included the numerous occupations which grow out of the ingenious conversion of iron, wool, cotton, flax, the precious metals, and minerals, into articles of use and beauty from the supply of man???s comforts and the qualification of his tastes. They iorm an interesting and important Dart of the great group and occupy a large share of the proli table * s hy their development that the great cities are enabled to i??our forth their -7tV??VJ ou - ???anufactured product. New York, $|:15.- i vl 'W-AI! w- 1 / VS 1 - 11 ,lf1 e 4 )h ia * 3220,40S.4oS: Brook- : CMcaSO, $228.440,964; Boston,$118.- iu 1 / .V??? acc ? rfill ?? to the census retumsof 1S80; and !,Y,L la , v , e . en f aid toward increasing the lab ! ,r ir , 1 our ???Bis in forty years Iron?$2.00' 1 J? er V???>V for overseer*; front $1.5u to $2.00 for second hands; from 92 cents to $1.10 for pickers: - 1 * 10 for card strippers; from 67 S5?? t S^ 1 ?? , ? p u ??? euvere; and agricultural labor in ^-OO )>er month to $16.00;. $20.00 anti $2.1.00 with board and lodging, r . j' 1 conclusion, gentlemen, let me call vottr atten- fj?" ffiatore of modern agricultural assemblies; kLwhich deserves special notice and ittdi- '}a, m: ' ULU ' t m to conduct the business of w???)" 1 ,-' 5 B'e best light which education can i???5 " herever the associations of farmers now the representatives of our agricultural colleges find an honorable place. The- RJ^Bcal farmer in all his deliberations now finds Jim, H ? nc ! l ' tu . rul . teacher by ltis side, readv at all a j'* him itt the work ot developing ills eall- J.'JJLVSyjJo 16 . *tandard laid down by all the other industries for their guidance and nt ???. fo those teachers let me say that k! ??? i 0 , an Pfoving agriculture by mental bredt h'ls- immediate reference to the practical , the farm, as tne education of the ??? ???if* 1 th< ;. engineer fits him for his {'"tk in the mill or on the railroad. Tho ovst agricultural teachers have always kept tho Lin distinct print!