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THE WEEKLY, CONSTITUTION. ATLANTA, GA„ TUESDAY JANUARY 19 188 6
5
TOBACCO CULTURE.
A Manual of Tobacco Culture for Beftnnar* Pro-
pared Under the Direction of J. T. Hondo non,
Commlaaloner of agriculture ofOoorgla
Written Prcluaivcly for tbla Paper.
'The increasing appreciation of tlio importance
of diversified crops and the demand of the
commissioner of agriculture for information in
regard to the culture and coring of tobacco, hat
. induced the preparation of the following elc
jtacutary manual.
Its object is to enable the Georgia farmer to
devote a portion of hfo farm to the culture of
this staple with some confidence in the cor-
redness of the first steps, and until he shall
Imre gained wisdom and skill by actual expe
rience- The manual does not claim to famish
nil the infonnatien desirable or necessary, or
to be free from imperfections. Hurriedly pre
pared to meet a very sudden demand, it is sent
forth to the formers of Georgia intho confident
- hope that it will materially aid those who may
determine to engage in the business of growing
tobacco.
The commissioner cheerfully acknowledges
bis indebtedness to others who have written
. instructive manuals or articles on the subject,
hose names aro elsewhere mentioned.
MANUAL OF TOBACCO CULTURE.
The fanner who proposes to cultivate to
bocco ns a money crop, should appreciate the
importance of caro in nil tho details of tlio
business from tho selection of the seed, to the
, dual disposal of the product. Tobacco is very
exnctiug ns to tho soil, culture, and handiiug
—more so than cotton—and occupies fully as
forge a part of the year. Tho first stage—tho
preparation oftho seed bed, and the produc
tion of the young plants—requires more care,
nnd attention to minuto details than docs any
, step in the cultnre and preparation of tho cot
ton for the market, while the harvesting, and
curing of the tobacco crop demand an expert-
ness of skill and judgment not deemed acres*
vary in tho handiiug of the cotton crop. With
theeo preliminary remarks it is proposed to
give a few plain and explicit directions in
tended to guide the totally inexperienced cnl-
tivator in performing tho ordinary operations
connect id with the culture of tobacco
THE PLANT BED.
• Iii more northern climates tho character of
the toil nnd its particular slope and exposure
are dcuued of the utmost importance In the
location of tho plant bod. A southern expos
ure to the inn and protection bv timber oi
other obstacle, against north and northwest
winds. In Georgia such advantages, though
desirable and to bo availed of if posslbio, arc
not of vital importance. The soil should be a
dark sandy loam virgin, if practicable, and
perfectly drained. The first step in the pre
paration it to thoroughly burn the ground in
tended for the purpose. Cover the ground,
(which should not be wet,) with brush, straw,
cornstalks or anything that will maintain
n brisk fire for about two
hours. So soon as the ground cools off every
thing should be raked off except the ashes, and
the ground dng up deeply with a grubbing hoe'
or spading fork—not inverting the soil—and
rhoppul fine, removing with care all roots,
clods, stones, etc. The effect of burning is to
destroy all weed and grass seeds, a
insects, and to prevent after-baking
from hard rains. It is of the utmost import
ance, in order to secure a good stand, that tho
Roll l>e made absolutely fine, os if sifted through
n sieve. If the soil Is not already very rich,
before digging or spading it the surface
should bo covered over with some good com
post or fertiliser, which is to bo well iucorpO;
rated in the soil
THE PLANT BED CANNOT BE MADE TOO RICH.
The bed should bo prepared and the seed
, sown from January to March. After raking
tho surface perfectly smooth and oven, lay it
off in convenient lands by mere marks or lines,
cut a guide to sowing.
QUANTITY OF SEED.
Ono heaping teaspoon Ail is enough to sow
one hundred square feet of bed, or a place ton
feet by ten foot less will be better if everything
bo done with care. Such u bed will furnish
about one thousand plants, or enough to sot
one fourth of an acre, and supply plants for
replanting. A beginner is apt to sow too
thickly. Plants sufficient for an acre of land
Will require about four teaspoonfuIs of soud,
vawn on a 1»ed ten feet by forty feet or twenty
feet by twenty feet.
Tho seed should now he carefully measured
nnd thoroughly mixed with » convenient
quantity of dry ashes, or si/Ud soil, and divid
ed into two or more equal portions. Proceed
to sow tho bed as uniformly as possible, going
over, forwards and backwards ns many times
ns thin- are divided portions of the seed. This
operation requires care, and it would be well
for the beginner to practice sowing n few
times oi. a plat similar to the plant bed, with
. dry earth, without tho seed, and then g<> over
the plant bed, when sowing seed, several times
With corresponding portions of tho mixed seed
v and as hi s, or soil. If sown early the seed
will Tcquirc no covering other
than that resulting from pressing tho
soil smooth aud moderately fine by means of a
roller. or by patting with n hoc or the back of
n spade. If sown latc.it is well to rake over
very lightly with a fine toothed rake before
pressing or rolling.
The next step is to cover the entire bed with
some fine light brush, winch will vrotcct tho
’oiiug plants from any sudden cold or dry spell,
log bristles are esteemed as the very best ma
terial for this purpose.
As loon as the plants begin to show thorn-
selves “the fly” is apt to make its appearance.
If proper precautions be neglected, and if once
in possession, nothing yet discovered will drive
him away. The bed should l>c inclosed ns soon
as sown by twelve inch planks set up on edge,
uml secured in that position, and a little soil
pressed against the bottom edge. This will
prevent insects entering from without.
After early teediug tho plants will begin to
Bhow themselves about the lust of Fobruary,
and when. well up and growing the bed
fihonld have a top dressing at the rate of about
one pound of commercial fertilizer, mixod with
moist earth, to 100 square feet, to be repeated
before each rain, when the plants are not wet
with dew or rain. If tho plants appear too
S
crowded, os will be likely in places, they shonld
he thinned oat, and all weods removed by hand.
6EI.FCTIX(> AND PREPARING TUB LAND.
’ Soft deep gray, sandy, or gravelly soil is
best. Poor exhausted soil will not unswor,
unless thoroughly prepared and highly fertil
ized. fomd recently cleared is best. In gen
eral, any soil of light character that will pro
duce a rrilf bale of cotton or more to the acre,
Will yieId.good crops of tobacco. But tohneco
is even more respousivc to a rich soil, nnd high
culture, than cotton. The gray lands of north
and middle Georgia are tielieved by good
judges to be equal to any similar soils in North
Carolina or Virginia. A farmer, however, who
expects to realize good profits from growing
tobacco on old worn out cotton fields, without
liberal manuring, is doomed to disappointment
and loss. Tobacco is not a poor land crop,
though remunerative yields or good, light to
bacco may lie secured fram comparatively thia
lands, if planted while quite fresh from the
otigicnl forests. The leaf of the tobacco cor
responding to the lint of the cotton, varies
ytTC-atly more in appearance and quality than
Ihc latter, and is for more readily effected by
differences of soil, climate and handling. The
best seed leaf tobacco is always grown in soils
Which al*»nnd in lime. As a rule, the darker
the soil, the darker will be the color of tho to
bacco grown on it. Light wrappers for cigars
and plug tobacco <omcs from light, warm
ridge lands.
The ground should be carefully cleaned of all
litter, and plowed and cross-plowed closely
nnd deeply, but not turned over and harrowed
Until brought into fine tilth:
Lay iff Aimers 31 apart, deposit in them
ftom 200 to300 pounds of a good nramoniated
fertilH-r. or better, good stable manure, or a
compost of stable manure and cotton seed and
acid phosphate (with potash)—sufficient to
preduce not kiss than 1200 pounds seed cotton
per acre—if planted in cotton—and list on the
aaue with two Airrow*. On level and low-ly
ing lands it b better to check across these lists
with a plow, making hills 3J by 21, and plant
in the hill. In North Caroliua, aud Virginia,
the best crop* are made by planting thus in
hills, similar to the old fashioned potato hills.
FERTILIZERS.
As already intimated, tobacco requires
either a rich or productive soil, or liberal ma
nuring. Stable manure is certainly the best
both for quantity and quality, especially tho
latter; but iu the absence of a sufficient quan
tity resort may be had—first, to compost made
of stable mannro or rich scrapiufs.cottqn seed,
(or meal), acid phosphate aud katnit; and
next to standard ammoniated phosphates con
taining potash in some form. Iu Pennsylvania
it is claimed that the very best tobaco is
made alone from stable manure, and that
packers and manufacturors generally rate the
product lower when informed that It is the
result of artificial fertilizers.
There is good reason to doubt the justice of
such discrimination, but there is no doubt of
the statement that stable manure is eqaui to
any fertilizer. Any mauipul.itcd fertilizer in
tended for tobacco must contain a liberal per
centago of potash. Indeed, potash is what is
called the dominant or leading clomout do*
mantled by the tobacco crop.
It may be remarked just hero that tobacco
is a very exhausting crop. This is due to the
fact that the entire plant above the surface
being rich in potash and lime, is removed from
the land. Tho leaves contain an unusual per
centage of ash. It is frequently tho case that
soils that produce the very lust quality of to
bacco for two or tlirce crops fail to yield profit
ably uAcrwnrds unless heavily fertilized.
Next week’s issue will embrace tho proper
method of plantiug. cultivating and curing to-
baccy, aud tho next week after wo will print
the commissioner's dose of tho matter, with a
short summary of tho revenuo laws which
affec t the growth aud sale of tobacco.
Tobacco.
Ono of the most successful and experienced
tobacco growers in Virgiuia, in his retnarici on
raising and curlug tobacco, says ontbo subject
of manuring:
“Unless the soil is naturally rich, aud such
is not often the case with soils best adapted to
yellow tobacco, it will be well' to apply some
fertilizing material to hasten forward the
plants aud mature them properly nnd early.
Here, commercial fertilizers have dono, and
nrc doing their l»est work. Bulky, coarse
manures often do more harm than good on
new and puffy soils. The smaller the bulk,
and the more couccntrated tho fertilizing ele
ments, tho more readily they arc appropriated
nnd assimilated by the plants if of the right
material nnd in the most available form.
Nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potash, lime and
soda, arc most nccessary.for tho tobacco plant,
and a fertilizer which supplies tho relative
quantity of each, and from tho proper sources
will never foil to show good effects therefrom,
if tho rainfall is sufficient to quicken their ac
tion.”
The Eddystono soluble guano meets all thc30
requirements fully.
It is concentrated and it contains nitrogen
phosphoric acid. ]»otiuih lime, and soda, from
tho very best sources, in their most available
forms and in their proper proportions, to act
promptly, thoroughly aud lastingly, giving the
plants an active start, a healthy growth and
an early maturity.
R. W. Kearney, Middleburg. N. G\, says: “I
used one ton of Eddystono with sovon stand
ard brands on tobacco, and like it better than
any 1 used, and expect to uso it next season.”
L. N. Kimball, Middleburg, N. G., says: “I
used one ton of Eddystono with several differ
ent brands of fertilizers, and did not sec any
difference In the growing of tho tobacco, but
find the toliacco after cured, a finer and richer
quality aud do not expect to uso any other
next season.”
Rev. Geo. A. Rose, Masson, N. f!. t ssys: “I
need ono ton Eddystono guano under tobacco,
which gave mo perfect satisfaction. In fact,
I can truly say it is tho best I over used.”
W. J. Norwood, Warenton, N. C„ says: “Tlio
Eddystono sold last season, for tobacco, has
given universal satisfaction. Some planters
say they havo never bad anything to act so
well, will havo a good trade for it this year.”
James V. and E. 8. Merritt, Chappell Hill,
N. t\, says; “That the ten tons Eddystono fur
nished them has given ontiro satisfaction, It
was all used on tobacco, and it is tho tobacco
fertilizer. It is ahead of three other reliable
brands, and will use nono other this season.
It yellows the tobacco on tho hill, and gives it
a smooth silky texture—tho kind of tobacco
that always cures and sells best. Wo heartily
welcome it in the tobacco belt.”
A. Anderson, Rigsboe’s store, N. C’., says:
I have been raised in tho tobacco belt, and
have used several different brands of fertilixors,
bat I have never used any which oqnallcd tho
Eddystonc. I tested it with other brands, nnd
conld tell the Eddystono tol>acco in the dark
from the other brands I used, it being fine nnd
silky, and of a nice yellow color, uuil (tolls ut a
good price.”
T. G. Watkins Sc Co., Roysville,Virginia,say
that their sales oftho Eddystono soluble guano
havo given univcrscl satisfaction, and it has
built up for itself a reputation thnt will in
crease tho sale another year by double that of
the past season. The fonnon s»y!that it push
es a toliacco plant from tho start to tho cud,
making it mature early, rich and heavy.”
Mr. John M. Green, of Atlanta, Ga., has
barge of the sale of this brand of guano, nnd
will bo pleased to communicate with tbc read
ers of this article, or havo them call upon the
dealers throughout tho south for the Eddy
stone soluble guano, ns tlicrois nothing better
offered to the entire plantiug interest,not only
for tobacco, but for everything raised from the
soil, in this entire section.
An Old TobaccoGnowr.n.
WIIAT FA11ME1M CAN DO.
The llrnmrkablo HcmuH* Achieved by
Thimra» Kelly.
Cuttsville, Ala., January J.—Editors.
onstitution: Tho few formers that practice
diversified formiug in this county aro much
tiic more prosperous than those that are all cot
ton planters. J. O. Kelly, the most successful
fanner in f Inttsvillc, plants largely of whont,
aits, coni, clover, grasses, peas. Irish potatoes,
etc. He makes cotton a secondary crop and is
not forced to sell ns soon os gathered, but holds
until prices suit him. He raises a largo num
ber of cattle, sheep, hogs and horses. Ho nearly
always has something to sell. Wheat and oats,
hay, beef cattle, mutton, wool, potatoes, im
proved breed of hogs, bacon, or something also
that will bring him money all through the year,
therefore never has to draw on his cotton crop
or go in debt for anything ho may have to buy.
His mode of planting wheat is to break
clover sod in August, or aa soon as tho land
will do to plow—after a good wetting rain—
with two hone chilled plows, No. 2 Oliver or
No. 4 Booth Bend; then harrow with a two or
three horae drag barrow. Bow tho grain the
list of September or early in October. Plow in
with two horse walking cultivators, harrow
und roll afterwards. Oats are put in the samo
way, only they are planted in February and
March. He harvests bis crop of grain with the
D. M. Osborn self binding reaper.
His method of raising corn is to break up
with two hones, plant In checks, four feet by
four, cover with scooter, barrow crosswise, the
way it was covered aud cultivate with two-
horse and one-horse cultivators,going through
ry two weeks until large enough to “lay
by,” which is from the fifteenth of June to the
first df July. His method of planting cotton
is to lay off rows 3J feet with a two-hone
scooter plow, deposit fertilizer iu furrow and
list with two*horee scooter, split out middles
with two*horse turn plow, and plant with a
drum planter. He makes large quantities of
manure at home, uses leaves, straw and littor
of all kinds in his stalls and cow
sheds. By using large quantities of
manure and renovating with clover and peas
and other judicious use of commercial fertiliz
ers his land in the past fifteen years has doubled
in productiveness and commercial value.
He said to me the other day that his laud
made better cotton than it did when it was
fresh. He cultivates cotton after the first
working—which is with a side harrow—with
double shovels and cultivators. But permit
me to say that the great secret of euccesi with
him and others that I shall give you a history
of. is this: that he labors six days iu the week,
cats no idle bread, allows no grass to grow
under his feet. He pays good wages, feeds
well and work hi* laborers well.
He is considered a hard worker, but he era
get all tho labor ho needs by the day, month or
year, from the fact that he always has the
cash to pay them. If others would follow his
example—work six days in tho week-r-thore
would be leas croaking about hard times aud
the low price of cotton and the scarcity of hog
and hominy. But it is a sad foot that we have
too many loafers at the little country groceries
spending their hard-earned money for intoxi
cating drink, instead of trying to make more to
add to their little store.
Thomac B. Kelly.
How au Old Soldier Took Hold.
Edwardsville, Ga., January 13.—Editors
Constitntion: I would like to add one or two
S I outers to your succcnfcl list of formers.
ust after tho trying times of the late war.
when provisions wero scarce and times the
hardest tko- south ever experienced, Joseph
Poes returned from the war penniless, and
found felt wife and two small children in des
titution. Ho was a brave soldier, and proved
a brave man iu providing for those who were
depending on him for support, etc. He com
menced forming as a common tenant, and iu a
few years he was able to bny a fifty acre form,
which he improved by buildiug a nice threo
room lionse nnd outhouses, etc. His orchard
contains a variety of selected fruit trees;
his fences aro stock proof; you don't see
»ny?ga11cd spots or gullies to disflguro this
model little farm. He takes care of his laud
by rotating his crops; his land Improves every
year. His form is worth four tlmos what ho
paid for it. He don’t kuow anything n *
western corn and meat ns ho maxes his
supplies ai home. James Colley commenced
farmiug fifteen years ago. Today ho is the
happy proprietor of a two thousand dollar
farm and provisions enough to run him a year.
Ho lias horses, cattle, hogs, etc. I could men
tion others who have made forming successful,
but only mention the above two to show that
farming can be uindo to pay. (.and iu this
section is worth from $7 to $30 per acre—eight
miles from Atlanta. J. W. Mayhon.
An Old Georgian In Texas.
January 3, 18dG.—Editors Constitution:
As I am n subscriber to your paper aud a na
tive of old Georgia, from Crawford couuty.
where I am well known by a great many of
tho old citizens, I give you a row notes under
tho items of forming, ns I havo bcon trying to
make a living in that direction, and would
like to roport some of my results for the ben
efit of my old Georgia friends.
I left Crawford county, Ga., November 1G,
and stopped iu Johnson county.
Texas, whero I havo remained
ever since. When I got to Toxas
1 went to work for wages aud have had a great
deal of hard luck, but today feel thankful that
1 havo now a form of 0821 acres of good black
land in six miles of Alvarado, Johnson county,
Tex. 1 have been in this settlemout thirty
years tho 7th day of next January. 1 have
fifty acres of timber, and am out of debt and
have a good lot of stock, twenty work mules,
fifteen good sucking colts and ono horse colt
t hat I refused $500 for last spring, ploutyof
cows and hogs, and a good lot of cnildron. I
will be fifty-three years old tho 23th of May,
and am looking for twins at our house,
as our first babes wero twins, and I
feel like I will livo out my throe
score years and ten. After reading the results
of some of your best formers, I will give you a
report of some portion of my farm, as I am not
ns yet in a fix to givo a final rqiort, as wo arc
not done gathering cotton and corn. On fifty-
five acres of wheat I made 1,300 bushels; thir
ty-five acres of oats. 2,100 bushels; tweuty-flve
acres of Gcnuau millet, 300 bushels and eigh
teen tons of good hsy; forty-five acres of cot
ton, after planting too most of it ovor, I made
thirty-three bales of cotton, weighing 320
pounds each, that I sold for 8 05-100 cents per
!»ound; fifty acres] of corn, 3,000 bushols, and
did not uso a pound of fer
tilizer, killed a litter of hogs, tlio
heaviest one 403 pounds, but a little ovor nine
months old. I have a good stand of oats on
tho thirty-fivo acres I sowed last year, and did
not sow them nor plow thorn in. They are
what we call volunteer oats. And I will add
thnt I have made 100 bushels to the acre of
voluntees oats. Benjamin Barnkh.
[The list of “fluccettfal Farmers” will bo con
tinued week after week. We will he glad to havo
any practical former write in briefly anything for
this department that will help his brother farmers,
or any practical comment on anything that is
printed here.]
Making a Compost Heap.
A correspondent latt week asked us the follow
ing question:
I very much desire the following information:
weekly, what proportion of each; how to mix and
about what length of time to mix before uslug;
how high the pile should lie made, nnd about what
illty to r>ul in a hill of com or cotton. I never
_0Hiiy, having been hero not n year yot, but
have been pretty lively while here.
Through the kindness of Mr. It. J. Redding, as
sist nnt state commissioner of agriculture, wo aro
enabled to furnish our correspondent with the fol
low ing answer:
Pine straw Is not a desirable Ingredient of a com
post heap, being too bulky and slow of decomposi
tion, and performing no essential part In the
changes which occur in the heap. It Is bet
ter to put them In a heap to themselves, w ith a half
bushel of common lime sprinkled between each
laige wagon load of the straw, making the whole
wet and well compacted. When sufficiently do-
comiioscd to handle with fork or ahovel, haul to
tl.e field and distribute directly from the .wagon
into the farrows and bed on it.
The following Isa giNNl formula for composing
stable mAnutc, cotton iced and phuspatc:
Ruble manure (not lot manure) GOO pounds.
Cotton seed (green) ooo ••
Phosphate too "
..._y l*- varied* aerording to the i
of Inc material available.
The Ingredients may he mixed cither by build
ing up the heap by alternate layer*, or they may
I* thoroughly mixed and tlion thrown Into a heap.
In cither ease water should bo freely used on the
coarrer mitt-rials whilo composing. Tho plan ot
mlxinglall the Ingredients together Is better, though
Involving more labor. A convenient height for
the heap Is five feet and as broad and long ns may
lx; ncccusry, not larger, however, than eight or ten
feet square. Remember to wet the cotton seed and
flublc manure thoroughly. Cover the heap with
rich soil, three or four Inches deep, flrom adjacent
fence corners or lot manure. Let the heap stand
from three to four weeks, then cutdown wlih sharp
spade or hoe, pulverize and ahovel into new heap,
ll» bed; or If very large quantities are to besp-
piled! 1,000to 2,000 pounds per acre), broaden*
ihree fourths of It. One marked advantage of such
u r-ompoet lie* In the fact that being well propor
tioned In all the elements of plant food, very heavy
r.j-plications may I* made to crops without danger
or deficiency In someone clement, and with 1cm
danger of Injury during severe drouths, than
when large doses of ordinary commercial fertilizer
nrc used.
CARP CUI.TCHK.
An 1 nterestlng Card from Commissioner Cary
on the Subject.
Ornce or Be peri ntrx dent of Fists-
F.im>, LaGbanoe, Ga., January 14.
irefo—Editors Constitution:—A few Mays ago I
promised you a reply to Mr. Jolley's letter, of Den-
\ cr. B. C. There seems to]bc foui^qucMlous to which
he* desires explicit answers.
1. It best to put the different breeds or carp In
the came pond?" I answer It Is not best.
2. “Which Is the best kind fiw table use." There
are three kinds of carp, viz: the scale, ^mirror and
leather varieties. I have frequently cstenof each
variety and can see very little difference in their
edible qualities.
3. “Which grows the fastest?’
It is a little haul to answer this question. I am
Inclined to the opinion that there Is very little dif
ference In weights up to any given time. While
the scale carp grows somewhat the longest, the
mirror is not so lengthy but more bulky, but I do
not know at a given age as there is any particular
difference In the weight of each kind
“At what age do they spawn.” This will depend
very much upon the latitude aud temperature of
the water. While the German authorities*ver that
they spawn at three yearn old. I know positively
that they will spawn In Georgia at two yearn, and
I am strongly of the belief tnnt under favorable
rirrumstsncea, wben the water i» sufficiently warm
and food abundant they will spaw ii at one year old.
I will remark also that while In Germany with
water at a lower tcmwrrature than here, the au-
thorities say the egg* hatch in from twelve to six
teen days. I bare demonstrated the fact by ac
tual experiment that with water at a temperature
f seventy-«va degree s the eggs will hatch la fifty-
six hours. To make carp culture a wcoess there
should Le at least two |«nd«-ouc for hatching sal
ouefora stock or breeding pond. The breeders
should be put in the hatching pond aud all other
fish excluded. Every pond should have suitable
means for complete drainage, as all carp ponds
should bo completely drained once a veer to clear
the ponds of the enemies to (he carp, which are
numerous, such as frogs, turtles, snakes, etc.
fcThc carp i* finely sustaining the reputation first
acquired in this state as a fair table Osh. exceed
ingly rapid In growth. From the best Information
in my possetsion wo have over 5,000 carp ponds In
the state, and under farorable circumstances the
cam has taken on a growth of five pounds a year.
\ cry respectfully, 1L II. Cary.
Bupt. Georgia Fish Commission.
All the Carp Gone.
Friday Commissioner Henderson exhausted
his supply of carp, by sending out the latt that
he had In ills aquarium, and for the benefit of the
people of the state who continue to write to the
department for carp, tho commissioner reqoes'x
The Constitution to state that he will have no
more for some months, lie says that tho unfilled
applications now Iu tho department will bo kept
on file and will be attended to when he gets hla
next supply. Any other applications for carp will
be treated in the fame way. The demand for carp
in Georgia is as great now as it has been at any
time since the tirit were first introduced into the
FARM KOTO,
Mr. L. Smith, of Wilkee, has gathered twenty
bushels of chufas from one-half acre of laud,
beside* fattening a good many head of hogs
thereon.
Mr. D. C. mVt stock aud cattle in Wilkes
county are now revelling on the hundred aud
forty tons of splendid bermuda hay which bo
harvested last summer.
Mr. R-il’. Johnston, of Smithvillc, is now
setting out a lot of2,000 fruit trees on his farm
just outside of the incorporation. They aro
LeConto pears, Kciffcr pears, wild goose
plums, and peaches. Mr. Joliuson lias recent-
Ip put out 40,000 pear cuttings.
Mr. D. C. Goode, of Kockdato county, has
killed the largest hog In the state, which
weighed 372 pounds, netting SKI pounds,
making fourteen and one-half gallons of lard.
Mr. Goode is a progress!vo former, and has
success in all his undertakings.
Mr. M. J. Ray, of Crawford county, mado on
eighteen acres twclvo bales of cotton, averag
ing 32(1 pounds, and 223 bushols of corn on
twelve acres) besides pens and plndcro enough
to fatten his hogs. Ho killed five hogs aver
aging 232 pounds each. All of this was on a
one-horse farm.
Mr. William E. Graham, of Telfair, mode
last year on five acres'of piney woods land
four bales of cotton, each weighing four hun
dred aud thirty-seven pounds. Mr. D. M
Btewart has made twenty-five hundred gallons
of good syrup on three acres and three quar
ters.
A writer in the Ncwnau Herald, says of a
Carroll county farmer: Mr. J. F. Culpepper
has ono of tho finest nlantfltlons In Georgia, he
hau^t bought a pound of flour for his family
In seventeen years, has three hundred bushels
of red rust proof oats for sale and fire or six
hundred bushels of corn to sell; also meat and
wheat. He lias one of tho best gluhousos in
the state.
Mr. Enoch Johns, of WHkcs county, has ac
complished a feat in cano growing during the
past year that gives him the blue ribbon jui a
cane grower. On three-eighths of sn aero of
land he raised enough ribbon cane to make four
hundred nnd eighty gallons of syrup and hav*
five thousand stalks left for seed and
syrup is as fine <u
finds ready sale
place.
Mr. J. M. Strickland, 8r., of Carrtll county,
the father of Captain J. M. Htrlcklang, of Mer-
iwether county, In conversation said that tlio
year 1883 was tho fifty-first anniversary of his
married life. That during this entire period
he hgd not bought a pound of meat or a bushel
of cotu, that he onco siicnt two dollars! for
lard, which was tho only investment no [had
ever tnado for home supplies, except for,; sugar
and coffee. He is a well-to-do former, always
has ph ut y around him, und is hearty aud well
preserved for ono of hla years.
Palton, Ga., January 11.—[Special.]—A dls-
cunRoa arose hero in a company of .gentlemen
upon 'the subject of “big hogs.” Mr. Wm.
Smith told of a hog in East Tennessee which
weighed 1,200 pounds; also of one raised by hti
father which netted 585 pounds. Professor
Janes spoke of ono raised by James Kuowlci,
of Hancock county, exhibited at tho Mjtata
fair, which weighed over 1,100 pounds.’? ra-
fessor Schocllcr told of oue which traijfhod
,100 pounds, seen at Washington market, New
When this hog was butchered and
The southern farmer lx better off, Irt this, that he
has his cotton crop: but hour much better off ho
would be if, in addition, he had the profit* of *
“•even acres.”
FISH CULTURE.
Foreign Fish—Tho Work oftho United State*
Fish Hatchery,
New York, Januanr 10.—[Spoclal.1— 1 The
United States fish hatchery, at Gold Spring,
Long Island, it proving a great success. They
hare now In process of development for tho
waters of this state 130,000 eggs of the brook
trout, 1,000,000 eggs oftho wmte fish, 200,000
eggs of tho tom ood or frost fish, and 100,000
egga of the lake trout.
For the United States waters at largo they
are hatching out60,000 lake trout and 50,000
l’enobsoot salmon, which will be placed in the
head waters of the Hudson. In a few days it is
expected that 50,000 fry of thebroira trout
will bo received from the German government.
Next week they will repack and forward 5<V
000 eggs of the lake trout and 1,000,000 eggs of
tho whltefish to the Swiss govcrumouMho samo
quantity to the German Fishing association,
and the same to the Fish Cultural association
of England. This work of exchanging eggs of
fish from foreign waters aud endeavoring to
raise them iu the rivers aud lakes of other
countries where they are scarce, is becoming
more popular each year, and Professor Freder
ick Mataer, who hoa charge oftho hatchery at
Cold Spring, is placing himself in communica
tion with nearly overy fish association of
Europe and America for the purpoce of for
warding. so far as possible, the original plan
of interchange. _
By the recommendation of Rev. C. C. Davis I used
Dr. Mosley's Ixmon Elixir for a severe case of Indl-
gestlon, palpitation of the heart, constipation and
biliousness. I also suffered greatly with gravel and
great pains in tho back and kiaueyt. unable to
Mozlcy’s Union Elixir alone has made a pcrrecc
cure or all these til; cares. B!y wifo has suffered
greatly with constipation and sick headaches. Rom
which she could get no relief. The Lcmou EUxir
has permanently cured her.
A. C. Arnold, 22 Ella street, Atlanta, Ga.
Lemon Hot Drops*
Da. H. Mon.xr.—Dear Sir: I have suffered for
five years with a severo cough and. lr ~ ** ‘
saw
yZ!
cleaned and hung up, tho butcher stood within
the carcass. Other gentlemen told of big ones,
hut Professor Schooner took the cako.
The Demand fob Tobacco Seed.—-The do-
tnand for tobacco seed is far exceeding tho ex
pectations of Agricultural Commissioner Hen
derson. Since announcing his determination
to distribute seed to any ono who will givo the
experiment a satisfactory trial the commUslon-
er lias been flooded with applications for to
bacco seed, lie has already sent ontjabout 800
packages of seed, or enough to plant 800 acres,
as a package contains seed enough for an aero.
Feeing that the demand was as great as ever
commissioner yesterday ordered ten pounds
e of yellow oriuoco, which he thinks is
best adapted for general use.
>n every packogo of seed, prlut-
td directions for planting aro given.
A Soul hern Viow of Eastern Fanning.
From tho Providence, R. I.. Journal.
The Atlanta, Ga., Constitution republishes tire
figures given a few days since in tho Journal con
cerning the production, 'and tlio valuo thereof, of
seven acres of land in Uliodc Island, Upon these
MatlMlc* Tin: Constitution bases an article which
Is entitled to consideration because of the views it
opeus up as to the relation of farming to matmfoe-
tuicx and tire necessity for tire spread and success
of manufacturer in behalf of lire farmer. Tin:
Constitution considers the price paid for labor on
the seven acres alluded to in Rhode Island to he
obout twice wfiat it would have been in Georgia.
This is an iui|>ortnnt feature in the problem, but by
no means the most important.
The point made by our southern contemporary
wc put in its own words: “Suppose* that overy seven
acres in Georgia Miould be as highly cultivated m
were these seven acres in Rhode Maud, would the
of the farmers? Not
gives the reason.
There would l«. speaking roundly, no market for
the products. The one market upon which the
southern farmer can rely Is the cotton market.
Now the jjc*tern and eastern farmer has a market
for his cHVyiVrgetablcx, his milk, his poultry, Ills
fruit In thuvllliigesand cities because or tho manu-
fAt-turinjfflhd indmtrial establishments that thrive
in ibote sections of the country. It la the farmer
who is near and caters to the demands of indus
trial centers w ho makes money.
All tbD Tun Constitution perceives and there
fore it rays: “In the south the growth of those in
dustrial enterprises has been slow, and h likely to
l-e slower, ow ing to Uieenergy with which the net
iradorxln congress and out of it are pushing their
theories.” It goes further, and sees In the fature
the free trade re having their way in congress, the
dwindling and rontlnual disappearance or that In
<lu>trlal development In the south which hoa al-
ready made Its *jx>eanuiee. In a word, in behalf
of ihc southern farmer,Tur. Constitution demands
Unit the theories of tbc absolute free traders he re
jected by tlie congTOMDcn from Uie south.
Now, the doctrine tifTRB Constitution Is pro-,
cirely that whlrh the Journal has always main-
tailed. The principle of protection’sax carenti*!
to the welfare of Uie former as It U to any other
cU>.s in the community. We are speaking now of
the principle. Its adjustment to the circumstances
of the country, ned Its details as to time and
•mount of protection for particular Industries nr*
matter* of w bdow, good filth and slatennamblp.
Had there been no manufacturing establishment
within fifty milei of the Rhode Island seven acres
the product thereof Instead of being worth over ten
thousand dollars, would hare been worth.perhaps
a tenth of that sum. Take the five hundred dol
lars worth ot cabbages sold for that aum; they
would have not. perhaps, trough ten dollar*.
Take the two hundred and forty dollars worth of
com fodder that was not sold: It was fed to the
rows and the milk wo* hold; IhU had there not
M en manufacturing villages In Use immediate vi
cinity the milk conlil not have been sold and the
corn fodder would not have been raised. It Is tra-
m rcf-saryto fell back upon theory; everybody lit
New England understand* that the real market
value of a farm, other — “* ' “
upon Us being or not
the city or village; and that
lejpcet markets just
D ?hcr» Kl.w unlverMl tnd trrtverMM.. «inr ;
in, to (fa. advantage or tlio farrow, which UtuH
ultlclthlljr mopilwl. Jtut M th» 4«uuo<u of the
.ii:agc Inert.*'4tn>l are met fay the Carmen, u
there the village garden and agru.-ultttral product
die out. low. are trot kept; the h.nncrjr U ,fa«n-
doood; no pork U railed, the vegetable garden fat
given up, and th.dependence U pUced for th*>*
thing, wholly npooUe Urmer, who we. «ul Ua-
ptnve. hi*opportunities The Held, amell e* well
etluge. ttgnenupto hla. Wipe out the Indue-
c retro with . wvero cnuglt end lung trouble.
—V your .dvrrtlaemerit of lemon Hot Drop*, end
procured etnull bottle, having tiled event cough
nymp end loeeng* tftet I could facer or with lull,
hcurllt, 1 lied until fkllfa In It. To my enrprUe. I
derived benefit from tbc Orot dote. My rough left
roe, elaothe .orenemof mr lung*, by tho uw of
four enroll bottle* only. Mrrongh .wme, eo wnrg
ei to produce .light hemorrhage at the time I boron
In t»c II, and tho roller wu eo great and eo .widen
that 1 eli.ll aver feel gr*Mfhl to you for'thin grow
medical dlKovcry. Mu. B. Sine,
Ho. 4 Orange 8t, AtUate, Oe.
Don't ml** neat Week'. Cniutltotlon. It
will be one or the lie.f uuuibera ever l.aued-
brimming over wltli good thing.* Hub.crlbc
nt once*
Why Jew. Live So hong.
Tlie.New England Medical Monthly cont
inents very favorably on the proverbial lone
and healthful live, of the ■ Jowa. I)r. Pietrd
hold, that this superiority Is doe to their
stringent health laws. The Mottle, like the
older Egyptian code, is Tory stringent regard
ing the eating of flesh and other article* of
food. Of the animals examined, a large pro
portion are always condemned as unit for
food. People who eat meat Indiscriminately
are very prone to disorders of the blood end of
tho kidneys, for meat Is composed of nitrogen,
which the kidneys have to remove from tho
blood, and of ronree they can’t do thia (nceoas-
fully except by tho aid of Warner’s safe cure,
the best kidney strengthened unless It Is tem
perately partaken of and only the very best
meat Is nsed. Jews also use alcoholic liquors
very sparingly and thns keep np good diges
tion, and then again they area hollday-tering
aud Sabbath-observing class.—Housekeeper.
She Will Steep Upside Down, Say. He.
From the Chicago Intcftkxim.
Ono of tho most novel salts for divorce luu
lust been Instituted In tlie circuit court of Tippeca
noe county, Ind. John III. O.fKIrehofr a*k* for
s divorce from bu lawful wife on tho ground of her
usMa In oleopingwilh
a Klrchoff Is oppovvl
f thing*, he has asked
the court to Interfere,
Thousands of our citizens hare adopted Dr.
Bull's Cough Syrup as the Amity “stand-hy.’
A' Itabblt Fool's Fortune to Two t-adlos.
Mrs. M. A. Neagle la a widow lady who re
sides on South and Tcnnearoe streets, in South
Memphis. Near her lives Mrs. Charles Knell,
the wife of tn industrious Swede, now with
the Memphis and Kansas City railroad. It haa
been their custom to purchase together frac
tional tickets In the Louisiana State Lottery.
Mr. Knell said ho had in his pocket a rabbit-
foot he had cut in Kansas, ana It woAld bring
lurk if he was allowed to buy the tickets.
They gave him 80 cents each, amt ho rmrehased
a one-tenth ticket, and nailed the rabbit’s foot
to the wall, and then wrote tho number of
the ticket, which wns <iD,2.V,, and. it tlrow one-
tenth of the capital nrlzo of $1.V),000. -Mem
phis (Tenn.) Avsloncho, December IB.
Farm Loans.
TO LOAN,
5 years on Improved Farms
in tlie counties of DeKalb, Cobb,
Bartow, Floyd, Polk, Troup,
Henry, Clayton, Newton, Mor-
S m, Spalding, Coweta, Pike,
onroe and Walton. C. P.
N. Barker, 31# Peachtree St.
fyONEY
E. VAN WINKLE &CO
ATLANTA, GEORGIA,
MANUFACTURERS OF
Circular Saw Hills, Cotton Gins, Cotton Seed Oil Hills, Presses
SHAFTING, POLLEYS,
MILL GEARING AND GENERAL IRONWORK.
Wo Furnish Engines nnd Boilers of all Mizes, Either Portable or Stationary.
Nos, 16,18 & 20 Foundry St. & 214 & 216 Marietta St„
ATLANTA, GEORGIA
Mention this paper. aeo zj wk
Hit CENT
$3lS WORTH Of PRESENTS
MrJU t. new ssMerlfaw.. BUND WOW, m Um of.r.wJJ|„b;, ®KS«“bdr.wro > CltT Mo-
WILL BUY
POSTAL
AlbrsutSM worker iy> p*gt*. Cvlortd n*Us. at wee Tthmmlem. with tnalpil<m <*
Ik. bat Flrom rod VtptAlo, pricro of SEEDS rod Flsm.eWkro s.pro
mow (Imm. PrimdlaCrelbkudGwwM. Friro,whr*>crow,-fakkroyl-d-djctfU.m
«nt order. I* tUh -Wt yon warn far Ik* garde, md kro re gtt It to* trod cf nrotogml*r gro-rry
amelcM to buy *b*t *«*d* IropPcs b« kb evrr, nrtltog with diMppoir.tmtnt aAcr vrda of wvn.iv
RVMSSa SEEDS, JAMES VICK, 8_EEDSMAH, Rochester, t
Mr atom till paper.
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