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THE WEEKLY CONSTITUTION. ATLANTA. GA.. TUESDAY SEPTEMBER 141886
FARMS AND FARMERS.
A SHORT TALK WiTH FARMERS OH
FARM TOPICS,
of rranoLanlle-TIlirir Tills Tor DnM-
Tropleal Bow Csns—T*« LsConts Pm
Cultere-rhs TsulR. »**■• Bto.
Introductory.
Two-fifths of the ( ttlled land tn America is
in the smith. That’js 1 nearly one-half of the
firm im o( tJtfjEeintry Hours. On »oathem
firms wo ralM'.ofift crop that brings us J100,-
#00,000 (four hundred million dollars) a year.
This crop in outs, and can he grown nowhoro
die.
If thlr crop were backed up by farms that
produced their own meat and bread, wo would
twin ten yean the richest people on earth. If
onr cotton waa a snrplos money crop—If It waa
planted amid corn and wheat fields, pastures,
barns, smokehouses, compost heaps, orchards
and patches—if wo could keep the four hun
died million dollars It pays us every year at
hbme. Instead ot lending it off'to buy meat
and bread and manure to mike lt.wlth, tbo
southexn.farmer.would soon bo gab, prosper
ous .and happy. .
We recognise the farmer as the most import
tant figure In southern progress and develop 1
ment. In the north it la the mechanic, or the
merchant, or the capitalist. In the south It la
the farmer. As the farmer is tha greatest
southern type, Tan CowanruTioir la the
greatest southern paper. We therefore make
room for tho farmer. This corner la his. Here
he shall have undisputed sway. Here let ua
hops ho and hla friends will meet each week,
talk things over, and perhaps help each other.
To lead the discussions each week, wa have
seemed Dr. W. L. Jones, recognised as the
leading authority in the south on farm topics.
Dr. Jonea presides over tho “Farm Question
Bon,” but ha la wise enongh to admit that ho
don't know everything. He wante help. He
wants your help. He wants' practical sugges
tions from every practical farmer.
We Intend to make this the best of sgricub
tarsi departments. It win contain more mat
ter than the agricultural papers, and coming
every week will be fresher and timelier. How,
1st ns pnU altogether, and make this corner of
The Constitution helpful as well, as Inter-
eating—practical as well a> entertaining.
Timely Thoughts (or Farmers.
The present Is an oxMllent time to fill tbe
hunt with forage. The weather la dry and
moat of the plants employed for this purpose
on southern farmi havo readied the proper
degree of maturity. Thin latter point is ono
of great Importance, because the value of
forage depends very largely upon the time or
stage of growth at whleh It la out. If cat too
early, It la deficient in sugar and starch, two
of the moat valuable logrodlenta of food; If
cot too lata It becomes hard and Indigestible.
Analyses, ns Well as expartenoe, show that
forage content after tha ear has formed and
whilst the grain la still Mft, la greatly anporior
to that cut, even as lata as the tasaellng stage,
much more so to that cut at a still earlier
period of growth. An indirect Inference may
he drawn just here, to-wlt: that drilled
coin should never he sown 1 so thickly
that It will not "ihoot" or try to form a nub
bin. As toon as cut put In shocks without
waiting for it to cure at alL Provide a light
polo about twelve foot long; four feet from ono
end, Insert two legs shout 2} feet loug so It
will etaud up like a ehlnglo getter's horse,
midway between tha legs and end of thoshor-
ter arm, bore a hole horizontally through tho
polo and fit a pin two feet long loosely In It-
As the forego is cut set Unpin the four an,
glcs made by tho pin and pole, gpread it out
moderetoly at tboboltomsnd tleascurtlypt the
top, aud If tall, also just above tho horse,draw
out tho pin and pull out tho horse and tho
shock will remain evenly balanced and firmly
act, and may ho left In the field Indefinitely.
The folhgo will cure parfeeUy.thegreeuleaves
u they wilt, falling down and making a good
covering for the shock.
The remarks made above about tho time for
cutting apply with equal force to sorghum and
millets cud u forage. Tho maximum of an
ger in aorghum la reached when thogrelnsare
in the dough state. German millet and the
graters, both cnltlvsted and uncultivated,
make tha Mat forego whan cut whilst the seed
an passing from the "mOk” to the “dough”
state. Ono must ba very watchful (eat this
•tap bepaaacd, especially In the greases, be
cause the seeds ripen very rapidly after tha
flower heads are formed. Crib grass, for in
stance, makes an excellent hay cut at the right
time—hut usually it la mowed so lata as to
make a very Inferior artielo. Uncured or green
aorghum la superior to the dried or cured as
forage, end for Innately If cutlets tn the sea
son, say from the middle of October to tho
first of November, It will remain green and
anlnjored for' a long tlmo
If simply stowed away under shelter. With
this crop, therefore, It la well to arrange the
planting ao that the seeds wUl be just well
formed about the usual time for shilling frost.
The early amber aorghum Is an admirable for
age plant-lts value in this reepeot la fag from
belnggenenlly known or appreciated. Tho
whole plant stem, leaves and haada oat up to
gether, makes moat excellent food for oows
and moist. For seme hones it teems to be too
laxative when fed freely.
Pea vines form an exception to the general
rale laid down, as to time for gathering. They
rhonld be mowed when tho pods are about
half matured. Pulling the vines up, sals
sometimes done, la extremely had practice.
The lower part of the stem and tha roots have
little value as feed lor animals, but very great
value at food for other plants, and should by
all meant he left to tho toll. Its claim to
theta la paramount. Pea vines cannot ba
cored In the sun; It mutt ba dona In the shads
and each one moat adopt that method of do
ing it which la least troublesome and expensive
to him. The old fhahloned nil pan, with sue*
native floors of rails, tho stacking around
pines having many limbs, with their ends cut
off at different distances from the body to at
to form a cone la outline, or tho patting op to
cocks, at first mull (high or narrow) and then
into larger, by eomblng several in one, at tha
caring process advanets, are ell well known.
A few tbonaandfeet of inch plank, ten feet
long, should be kept on every farm for mak
ing temporary shelters. The coat would be
Aiding—the advantage very great for outing
fangs and many other purposes.
THE FAIUI QUESTION-BOX.
[Dr. W. L. Jones, confeamdly tha highest
ud aafest agricultural authority la the south,
presides over this department. He aoUdla
practical suggestion! from Dinners or others
Interested.}
To Onr Readers.
Aa editor is anppoetd to know everything,
etpaeially sc if he undertakes to conduct an in
quiry department in a paper, and makaa him-
self a target for several hundred thousand
readers. Against such theory I dulra to enter
ay hearty protest tn itauming tho manage
ment of u Inquiring column la tha agrlcol-
torsi department of tha Costmunog.
Bat I trait that a thorough actoatldo training
In early Ufa and a lifelong itody of those
attracts relating to agriculture, together with
a tong experience, tha fruit of almost dally eon-
tact with tha practical details and management
ef tha farm, have enabled me, in a meiture,
to discern between what I know and what I
do not know. If I cannot, therefore, always
extricate an Inquirer out of his difficulties,
hope I shall never mislead him Into greater
and graver ones.
There ate some things whioh-sclence can de
termine with perfect certainty—as the ocour-
renco of ah eclipse—others upon which It can
throw partial, but Incomplete light; still, others
which, for the present, are entirely beyond Its
reach, these last lying wholly In the domain of
experience and experiment. Every Dinner
who has kept hla eyes-open, ud hu thought
at all about what ho has seen, must have
good fond of very valuable knowledge. And
as one person cunot see everything that oc
ean la the world, ud cunot make unlimited
experiments, I beg the aid of every reader In
answering inquiries. When Ignorant, I shall
candidly confess it If yon have any ftets
which can help Us, please send them forward.
If circumstances have placed the writer In the
lead, remember the whecl-honct generally
move the load;
It lack rralrie Lands—Cotton Dying On.
Knowing that yonr .constituents represent
the adranee of agriculture, I write that I may
get the beat treatment for black lima leads
where the cotton plut dies In spots sometimes
as large as several acres. I do not want a
theoretical remedy, bat a pnctidal one—ono
tested ud pronounced a cure. I am told .that
your people uee German salts in such cues,
but a friend of mioe is not pleased with his ex
periments In that line. I think the trouble is
caused by the exhaustion of vegetable mould.
S. Campbell.
Walker county, Texas.
Wa are not aware that uy sovereign rams
dy haa been discovered for tha trouble men
tloned. If uy reader knows of one, wo
should bo very glad to have it. Cotton diet
in apota, In tho muncr described, In every
cotton state, but the trouble la most marked
and moat prevalent In the black prairie soils
of tha west—which in Taxes are underlaid by
a rotten limestone of the cretaceous period,
The black soil la from twelve to twenty-four
inches deep, with a yellow clay subsoil be
neath. The soil is called “waxy,” from its ex
ceedingly close, tcnicloui character, which
readers drainage and proper aeration very
difficult. The admixture of e large amount
of vegetable matter la mott Imperatively
called for by such aalli, to reader them arable
ud productive, and our correspondent’s opin
ion that vegetable matter is tha remedy for
the trouble under discussion, la probably vary
near the mark. Surface rooted plants grow
very well on these Mila, probably becauso air
and molatnro ate in dus quantity at thorn
depths, but top rooted plants suffer. With
cotton, death begins at the lower part of the
top root ud extenda^rednally to the surface,
and whan It nears the latter the plut sud
denly dies. We have before ua analysis of
inch Mils from five different counties tn
Texas, and there ie no Indication of any
poisonous sabstenco presont or of any hurtful
excess of others not potaonous. Lima la prel
ent In rather large quantity, hut not more so
thu in other Mils whore plaota thrive. Is
the trouble less, whan the lud la fir st brought
Into cultivation, ud therefore bettor supplied
with humue.
Tropical Sugar Cana, Saad Of?
Does what la known hare as Louisiana
sugar cue ud in Georgia as ribbon cue, pro
duce seed In Florida?
B. A. Wabwick.
Carthanc, Lee conoty, Hits,
lie sugar cane Is very seldom allowed to
produce Med uy where, ud teems almost to
have lost tho power of doing so. It does not
iced In the West Indlea and would not prob
ably do m In Florida
. LcConte Pear.
FlttM state hoi of tho merits of the La-
Conte pear, which are making It as popular in
Spbscbibis.
parts of Georgia?
Asheville, Ala.
The highest botanical authorities hold that
all the cultivated varieties of the pear origi
nated from tho same wild stock. Whether
this bo trao or not a variety found in Chiu,
known as tho Bud pear, is vary marked, and
differs much from three of Europe ud Amer
ica Id the greater also of Its leavos, which
arc large ud glossy-gnu—in tho rapidity of
Its growth, and the comparative case with
which it may bo p rope gated from catting*.
The origin of the LeConte pear la not fully
known, The tree from wbioh all of thoaa in
Georgia sprang, waa brooght to Liberty coun
ty, Georgia, by Usjor John LeOonto, thu re
siding In Philadelphia, wo believe, and
ilutsd within a mile of the writer's family
lomsttaad. It so resembles the ChlneM
Band pear in habit of growth and character
of foliage, there can bo , no doubt
that It la cither a seedling of
that variety whloh haa varied sharply from lta
parent; or which la mors probable, It la a cross
between the land pear and mme other variety.
If ao, It retalna tho vigor, rapidity of growth,
character of foliage, eats of propagation f-om
cuttings, etc., of the aand pear, but baa Im
proved greatly upon it In tha character of Its
fruit, which la large, smooth ud very hand
some, and, thonghnot flnt quality, la vary juicy
and palatable. For drying, canning ud pre
set vlng it la admirable. Tbs tree la very
vlgoront, an upright groger, matures or huts
early (four to five years), and bears enormous*
ly. But Ilka other kinds of fruits it laadapted
to special localities. It groin admirably on
the seaboard of Gaargla ud In lta Mothers
tier of counties, where the later gMlogtcal
foimatlena prevail ud the sell la rather light.
In thoaa reglona It la free from blight and re
markably healthy. In upper Georgia it does
not thrive, ud hu blighted, even whu not
grafted on other kinds, but propagated by
cuttings directly from pure stock from tbo
original treo. It la a vary early bloomer, ud
not adapted to reglona where lata frosta occur
In spring.
Fta Vine Bay ud Fall Wheat.
PIcsm Inform me at what stage it la best
to cut pcs vinca for making bay; also, what
do you think of following oat atnbbla whloh
hu bean sown in peas with fall
wheal? Oblige, 8. H. Prelaw.
September 10,1686.
Yonr first Inquiry la answered In article
elsewhere. Oats followed by pus, aucouded
by wheat, hu but one objection: If all the oat
■cad have not oome np before tha wheat la
aosra, m u to bo killed by tho plowing ud
preparation for wheat, tha wheat may have
oati mixed with It. This, to bo sure, la not
probable, bat possible. Whan tho weather
• dry, like the presant, there is much oat seed
now os the ground not yet germinated, and
which would come op u soon u rains occur
ud tho land la ploaad.
Broom Corn Culture.
But Milker, Enfield, X. C: Please tall me
boir to get the seed oat ol broom core, how to
manage It alter It begins to head, and whs: It b
worth; also the addicts of Mme prominent broom
^MuFrank B. Login, president of the Logan
hex m (ompanr, of thb city, furnishes the follow-
log Cacti:
Tbo broom com should ba cot Juat u aoon is
hradedout, when In the bloom or blomom-whna
perfectly green-before seed ere formed. Should
be threshed within pwenty four boom after being
ear. W< furnish regular broom eons threahtng
machines, or for b small erotUa brmm with *
mechanical turn could ImproelMl machine that
would answer. A cylinder with splkaa about tta
■fro of aaHm Balia, with crank sturhiaant fcv
turning, will do the week ftlrly waU. After
threshing the broom corn should be put on racks
not over two or three Inches In depth, In a barn or
to the center of the hale, stalks to the ends.
Titcirrs FAini.
ady for
Brush
tils
ultd
Plans the Good Judgment of a Troup
County Toting Farmer.
In the rail of 1»7* a young man m Troup counts,
6 a., made np his mind to leave the paternal house
hold and strike out for himself In the world. HU
father waa a fkrmef ud had taught him by both
preeeptud example what work maaat. When ho
determined to leave his father's roof-tree and
plut one of hie own, Oeorgt IV. Truitt wee a typo
of thonaanae of yonng men InGeorgta then and
now. He had a good com Mutton tn start with; ho
hid been reared to ilm-de methods of life: be had
learned how mueb sweat it took to maka a dollar,
and how far that dollar could bemad* to go: ho
was as confirmed la eobrlety u In Industry ud
thrift. In short, he bad health ud muscle, ud
an endowment of I bate homfrbred virtues which
lay a firm foundation tor character,
Thete constituted tha greater portion of hit re
sources. He had acquired tha rudiments or an
education in u “old field" school, but as hla youth
was passed Ini the hard days which came to every-
body In tbs south Just altar tho war,tha owed little
to text hooka. Of snnayba had a very modem
sum that he had saved by close economy from hla
shirs tn the crops be had helped to cultivate.
Yeung Trent had therefore Just such a statt tn life
is thousands of farmers’sons tn Georgia have ovary
year. He waa content to atlek to the plow.
After catting about to find s farm within the
RMh of hb means, he made a choice which an
noyedhb (Mends and surprised everybody. He
managed to gat on easy tens a about one hundred
acres, situated three miles f?om his father's place
and six miles from Lasting*, on the road to liar-
riioounty. His purchase, as soon as It w« ran.
cully Mown, became the subject of neigh: . t -md
gossip, and the general tone ot the comma-- >on
it was anything but complimentary to Mr ' it's
ugacity. Tha (Crater owner did not disc
satisfaction at getting rid of a worn-out p
hied him toTexas, then the XI Doradoor -
contented Georgia fermen. Tho last
raised before selling the Ihrm to Hr. Trn -
dismal failure—the best of the lud madi
of cotton to five seres.
“George, I'm sorry for yoo," was the -
greeting of a passing neighbor as he is
proprietor at work, “Tou can’t aat but o -
day now." The general appearance of' -
seemed to guarantee tbb prediction. T..
log ud what few out-houscs there were pi
a'■tumble down" appearance, but they w to not
ao disheartening as the acres around them The
place waa hilly, ud lb alopm seemed I- have
been swept of all their aoll by mceeimre tloods
which left the doll, red clay gluing beneath tho
pathetic vestiges of the last attempt at cultivation.
The fields werecqt with many games, soma of
whleh would conceal * mu on horseback, ud
they sloped down to boggy bottoms of almost as
forbidding an appearanoe. One of the earliest set
tlers of that aMlion of Georgia had cleared the
ongtnal (brut in IBS, ud until ua the land had
thrived u beat It could under the old system of ag
riculture. It la related by credible planters now
living in Troup county thu one yew Just before'
the star forty sens of toil lud produced
ONLY ONE DALE OK COTTON.
Such was toe glory of Slavery ud Sloth!
1 doubt not Ur. Traill himself was apprehensive
or the result of hb experiment, hut iu hard condi
tion! nerved him to more energeilo efforts. If ho
had a bad barrel u he wu resolved to make the
heat of It HU first thought was to save toe land
from devastation by rain* whloh should have re-
freshed ud fertilized it. Ha began toe discourag
ing tuk of filling np tho numerous washes and
gullies Good material fbr this work ho found In
the roekiand trash which covered tho laud.
When these were clcarcdawey and tumbled Into
toe gulches, whatever also was necdod to HU them
wsa gathered (rum toe adjacent woodland. Ono
by one the yawning breaks were closed, not with
out hard ud tireless labor.
How to promt tho lud from washing again
waa the next problem. Mr. Troltt hind’s good
ditcher to arrange the proper drainage, ud all tha
time ha ud hu hands could spare from other
work waa given to labor with plek ud shovel to
open safe waterways through every part of tha
farm. Over two or three small streams, "blind
ditches,” were constructed: that b, pine poles
were laid across and soil placed upon them m that
there waa an unbroken way for tot plow ud
arable tend lay over what had been a UMlaas and
troublesome marsh. While tho ditching was In
program, tha construction of lemoea all over tha
fields was begun. Thcto terraces are to he
every well tended firm In that motion, ana
are known to be, invaluable in a rolling oountry.
Thay are thrown up at andi distances as the situa
tion of the lud suggests, ud art generally,
from one to two feet high. They aro
eery easily constructed at first
Boon thay an covered with grata, whloh strength
ens them, ud army yew as toe Dormer clean his
fields he will find materiel to tue in nuking Ua
terraces stronger ud higher If he so desires. Tha
uses of thstiRaceaaie obvious. They hold too
rains on the lud ud allow them to sink loto tha
Mil instead of running off, leaving little moisture
and washing too lud In toatr course to tha
drains. The value of tha terrace la esmctally
great, where fertilisers are usod, as It prtvonb
toalr being washed away before their vlrtuohM
been fully absorbed by the toll.
Mr. Traltt hu terraced hb place heiulifolly.
Every rise of three feet b Included between two
terrace*. He aaya that after a hud rain he hu
teen toe water standing from terrace to terrace on
his fields, ud then thousands ot gallons sink Into
tbs lud, which would otherwise swmp to the
bottoms, carrying off soil and ferilUun ud
leaving tho slopes with Utile preparation (or
drouth.
One aI tho Mat remits of such terraces Is to ltvel
too land by regulating toe effect of the rates, ud
In a few rears a hilly farm cu be transformed Into
sracoosdon of Isvol section*, descending perpen
dicularly at each terrace.
Tbs clearing of tha bottoms «as oca ol tha meat
toilsome tasks accomplished by Mt. Truitt, but U
discovered the best lud on hb plaoc, land when
before the cushrakc had never been broku nor
the twilight serenade of tho bull frog disturbed.
Oneofthe first attampb to fertilise tome poor
old fields was mada with leaven Ur. Truitt raked
the forests far ud near, ud literally covered hla
place with leaves.
It b easy thus to summarise In a few woeds the
result of yean of patient labor. Ono mu srtthonly
two or three huds to help him eould not
In a Tear or two make a prosperous farm out ol
washed ud worn-out lud, hot In ten years the
work has been done to u admirable degTte. Fan
the start Mr. Traltt has made a living on hie place
and hu never been compelled to fulfill tha predic
tion of his friend and be content with cos meal a
day, or wtth tern thu three good oats. He work
ed toe old land to new Ub the flat year b* touch
ed it and each succeeding year buachlavad better
results; bat all along bolus Man eomplattoga
system ol permanent Improvements ud working
for tha future while bo made the moat of the pa*
Just shoot ten yean from the time he bought •
broken down firm from Its despondent oner I
visited toe scene transformed by toe accumulated
remits of a decade of Intelligent industry, pa-
tlenca and economy. It b now
A COOPLY 1-LAC*.
A neat white cottage studs In the center or lb
smiling fields. The trim garden In frott, but still
more toe cosy Interior ol theboaie, reveal to*
tract* of a woman's testa and a wife's pride in her
borne. The yard b alive with domoitie fowls.
J. M.
Thalirgnlat-.r and Controller of Low I'riros.
Will msilsamplesof allcloacaof E.-yGr/xls, anil ■
p»7cxprcf-'»-e cn all orders stOTo:«l0.00. You .
Iwm rare moon ud wt^betlM vartety tornlom ’ lut jj„, gad found themselves five feet apart,
JSJpjJ^iJaliixaitatotolnAtlute ud
acknowledged lowest price*, se and ti White-
Just back of lta btrn still bolds a residue of last
year's plenty, which will not give room (or the
yet ungarnered yield of tola. Sleek cows are gra
zing to toe adjaoent mesdowlsnd a neighbor tl
taking home in hb wagon a pair ol Mr. Trultt'a
fins breed of pigs, which he bar Just purchased.
Across the rood to front of the house a steam gin
is humming away at a bale ol new cotton, white
on every ride lie acres of toe maturing plant whoso
ptamp'.bolli are revealing their snowy treasure be
neath toe hot klssee of the September tun. Tho
cotton coven toe rich slopes down to* willow-
fringed creek, beyond which a luxuriant growth
aflste com waves Usftdtog green and deepening
gold to theplearant breea.
A ride through there field* revoab no treo* of
toe dilapidation of ten years ago. Afetotllneb
pointed out u too only memorial of a fllled-to
gully ud where the cotton sbowa a deeper green
end a thicker fruitage, it coven lud rescued Iran
-the mire.
Mr. Traltt hu Men enabled, by hb rtcaiy me-
ecu from year to year, toaddto hb laud until he
now own* five hundred acre a, largely to woodbind,
all purchased from the product of the original
piece. lie lets one hundred acre* lotensuts, and
still confinea hboarn affotla lotto pjoos ha fint
purchased. Of thb ba now hot about ninety anees
to cultivation, andhl* method of (arming may
present some points of interest.
lib main crop b cotton, of course, as it b the
main crop of that entire MU of country. Hb
regular farming force coosl-tt or himself, foot
negro huds, two mules and two oxen. Ha gen
erally plants revcnty-fiYO acre* tn cotton; ten
acres to corn, whloh he make* bring fifty bntooto
to the acre, and eight or ten tern to oats, .which
sometimes yield seventy hushob or more to the
acre. Hb corn ud oats he plants to tha regular
way, except that ho fertilises rather more thu
toe average Georgia tenner. There crops are
ample tor hb supply of provisions. Ite relics hb
own hogs and aelb a considerable number of toe
' breed be haa round most rellablo. tho Guinea
hog. Having thus prepared lor hb subsistence,
he looks to cotton for whatever profit be may
make on hb farm, ud cotton ho cultivate* Mfol-
EAHI.Y IN JANUARY
toe preparation of the lud to begun. It b broken
op wtth a tiro male plough which goes down eight
or ten inches. Alter thb toe moat of It b nth
foiled with.* yoke of oxen. Toward to* middle
of February about one-half ,ef the lud b fertil
ize d with the compost which haa been mads of
toe savings from toe barnyaid and liable, and
cottonseed. Tha remainder of tha land b an-
rlohed with cotton aaad ud Charleston add or
add from the Georti* fertilizer factories. Thirty
btubtU of cotton scad and about Ido hundred
and twenty-five pounds- or u-ld are put on u
acre. When the lud b ready for planting
the rows are tun four fact apart
ud tho drill three feat on the bast land, and two
feet on tha thinncrland. When Mr. Train began
to ynn hb rows at four feet ha wftmnah criticised
by hb neighbors Tha Uuee-ftet rows wu then
the almost universal into to toe oounty. He had
learned by observation, however, that cotton re
quires plenty or sunshine and air. He adapted
the maxim, "Cotton most not M crowded." and
has feJthtolly adhered to It with excellent remits.
The cotton b planted about the I5to of April, frith
a Brooks planter, amachlno invented by a practi
cal mcchulo at Trqnp factory. The early treat
ment of lb* plant b of to* greatest Importance.
Mr, Truitt, by substituting toe barrow fbr too
hM, b convinced that be not only uvea at least
SUOto the expense of cultivating bbmvanty-flve
acre*, but Is equally sura that hla crepe are greatly
benefited by toe exchange. About the middle ol
May toe eotlon b well np and b ready for lb fltst
harrowing. Two o/three MCtionsol a harrow are
booked together end dragged by oxen diagonally
nereis toe rows it might eecm to one who had
never tried thb treatment that U would prov* fetal
to toe young cotton, but It bjuatthethtog for It.
It will not tear np one stalk to ten: and ootton, as
b well known, has always to bo thinned out after
"a stand” b obtained. A yoke of oxen can harrow
ten screila day, loosening tho mil all about tbo
young planta and giving them am
easier growth then the ordinary procees of hosing
Tftiday*after tha first hatrowtog’toe prooemb
repeated, tho harrow being run to a tranirene
diagonal direction, so that It checks off tbo lines
it mado before. While the oxen are harrowing tho
cotton the males are plowing ground for eon, and
when It b Umt for the mules to plow tho cotton
tha oxon are nreded to drag the harrows over tha
yonng corn, which b abo much benefited by tbb
treatment. About the 10th of June the ootton b
plowed, end If seasons will permit It b plowed
regularly afterward at Intervals of ten dais. The
Drat hoeing b given to too latter part of Jana,
and It receives a final hMlnrJuet before work on
It Is suspended. Tbb event oocun on Hr. Trultt'a
plica a goad deal later than usual. Hesrsrkshh
cotton np to the ltth of August, while many a crop
b left to itself after (he mlddte of July. Tbo later
work makes the bolls larger and brings to perfec
tion many a boll which would not otherwise ma
ture. It improves Iho crop from ten to fifteen per
cent, at least. When cotton begins to open Mr;
Traltt hires fear additional hand! for three
months. Thb gives, him s aufilcbnt force to keep
well up with hb atop and cotton bplcksd close up
on Its opening. It has been lib good fortune .to
win tbb year and fbr mvaral yeara past tha premi
um of 16 otnb a pound, offered by J.G. Truitt A
Co., ot LeGrange, for tha flnt bate of ootton.
brought to that market. Before any ofbbeottoa
b picked, Mr. Truitt rends over tho
fields two trusty hands whom
duty ill Is to teka all toa excep
tionally large bolls Thb Inspection b reseated
until all tha finest bolls are secured. They are
reparately ginned and lived lor seed. By ooa-
tlnnlng tbb reliction for several yean Mr. T^ltt
has secured a cotton with remarkably huge bolb
and bee built np a profitable business to ehotoo
cotton teed. Ho says be can sa* the Improvcnunt
to toe else of the bolb ovary year. After the oot
ton is picked be does not adopt too usual plan of
turning stock Into bb fields; they are left Just as
they eland until too and of toe year, when the
hands go over them and knock down all tba bun
and stalks, and they are turned towban tba
ground b broken np for uexlJraar'i crop. Goring
toe season of farm work the malware not put to
any other work whatever esetpt that to toe fields;
they are not even allowed for the saddle or to heal
wood. 8even yean ego Mr. Truitt aooceaded
alter some or the hardest work of hb life
to cbarlng fire seres which had been,
a swamp to apparently hopeless tangle and mire.
Ua raised good crops 01 eons on tab rescued bad
omn last year, whan bb attention ms attracted
by toe offer of 9250 by G. W. Scott A Co., as a prize
or toe beat yield of cotton on land fertilised with
toalr gostyptom. Mr. Traltt determined to try bb
five acre bottom to cotton and inter to* contest.
He put t thousand pounds of gossypfum to toa
acra and planted the best Mad he could as led,
making hb rowa five feat apart toateadof fear, and
hb drills four feat Instead of tbraa In duo tons
that bottom wuoovercd with such a growth of
cotton as the people to those nails had never seen.
It gnw and matured and at last waa picked and
ginned. Various estimates had been mads o4 wbtl
thou fiva acres would bring, but they wan all too
low. Tba remit waa fifteen 4.10 pound Mbs of good
cotton, or thru bales to tha acre.
TUX OlIATgXT YIELD
on record for five acres! That patch, including
the premium It won, nelted.lhc fortunate farmer
about Kb) or IU0 an acre!
Ha Is to for to* Mma company's prise tbb year
with strop on the sam* fire aerss. (fptotoret
weeks ego It gave promise of surpassing ertn tha
wonderful record of last year, but to* cool winds
bare checked iu growth somewhat, and blighted
many of too yonng bolb. Tbb year’s crop will
probably ba about equal to tbit ol bit year, fiftaao
baba off five acres. Such cotton u there U grow
ler on that bottom! As warodo throagh tub*
nodding tops of Its eight feat stalks swayed and
parted before ns, and lb* thick closured
bolb, almoet w big u trauma, thumped
stubbornly against our saddle skirts. Tba (toy
planb which peeped out of tha ground
bare grown and spread until thay have Interlaced
toclr branches and mad* im rich nuusof buoy
ant variablelL'e. OneoilbeboibaathesestelU
tun much cotton as three or four of thciuoat
size, and they are so thick that to many places the
parent Mam had drooped to tbo ground beneath
their weight.
The cotton on the rest of the farm U fine, orach
of It good for a bale to thours, and somo of it
more. Last year the cropofi the seventy-five acres
was fifty-five bales. This year UwlH,reach sixty
baits, with anything like a (air show from tho
weather. Tbb Includes the prise patch, o( course.
Ufa ace how thb year’s operation! will probably
pan out fer this man and hb tiro-mule term. Hb
cxpcnicsar};
t <120 a year each .a 4«
■tMO each for g months 1W
eacMuntmiiics andoxen.’!.’"!:!.'.'.'."™! iJj
i-ge 1 [""* 2®)
prim patch W
(1,400
Total
Net profit
Ur. TrnlU says tocso figure* are aanearly correct
u he can make them, tod he thinks they will
dome within a few doUare of the actual net result.
If they are Incorrect at all they are too low.
Should he wto the (2(0 Scott prize again, ho would
hate clear 11, tt» from hb (arm proper, not allow
ing him a centfer the profits on nb gin, for the
hom he raises to eat and to tell, fbr hb poultry
and .tba products of hb cows Beside* bb own
crop, hb abate to hb taunb' crop* will amount to
eighteen ot twenty bales of ootton. The Cora MU-
mated above was raised on ten acne, an avenge of
filly biuhels to toe sere. Tbe steam gin In front of
hb house secure 1 for him totolu more thananonxh
cotton Iced to fertilize hb fields It glni out about
tour hundred bales a aaaaon. It m
bend that all the addltloneto tbe bad, *u the Im
protonentt of every kind, have Men paid lot ant
of profib on thb “poor old (arm' 1 that would not
anpportaflunllytenyctrsago. Thoconstantcsroof
till 1 roll i» Improving It year alter yoar, mil H Iu In
shatter condltlou to rccctve each aucoeedtog
•crop. Much of Mr. Trutit's land would now bring
*1» an acre. M’tth there remarkable' reaulb
anbteredm a plaat aamtdared, tan years ago,
almost too poor to cultivate, Mr. Truitt b by no
raesnasatuficd. .Ho U now thirty-eight years old,
and the ambition of hb life U to make
one ntmoagn ssles ,
of cotton on Mventy-flvo aorta He aaya ha will
do It within the next fire year*. "Farming b to
Its Infancy yet,” said he. “There'! no telling
what wa can do altar ’awhile." One or bb Ideas
b tost cotton oan bo raised much quicker
.(ban It Is -The usual Urns for
itt growth b from ana hundred and forty toons
hnndrcd and fifty days Mr. Train thinks that It
ought to bo mads In feur months at tha outride,
and ba bclbraa that tl could, b* planted aa tote aa
thefiratof May and by beary composting M ready
for ploktof to one hundred days or very UUle
longer. Ho la shortening hb time every year and
baa eno hnndrcd days aahb Ideal. Shorter as* 1
ton>,bcridca reducing expenses, would got too
plant rlpo ahead of cold weather and save all IU
latefrnlL
Ho b a great belbvsr to hairy fiutUI 1
ztUoo, f comlder* cotton
add shout to* cheapest and Mat for gen 1
eraluse. Ho say* It will mako a rare and a
good crop on almoat any tend to the ootton region,
and tost without liberal fertUratloa too success-
hil cultivation of cotton to thb acctlon b Impossi
ble. Fvoper rotation of eropab alre todbpcnaahlo
A farmer should ao arrange hit land* as to alter
nate 00m, oats and cotton to the order named.
After next year, Hr. Traltt will plant the lands
that are now bearing ootton to corn, and wtu clear
•omo land fbr hb ootton crop.
Mr. Traltt'* succaas baa had aiUmnlaltogofibcti
throughout the country, nb neighbors luvo aocu
him bring up bb placo from almost nothing Into
on* of tha heat farms to the italc. Kuorgy and
thrift are contagious, and auoooMfUl motbods aro
readily appreciated and Imitated.
ll'o came back from a rldo over ovory field on
tbo placo to tbo sultry rtoontldo to enjoy tar a few
minutes thobrocro tost swept through thowldo
ball, and toon to partake of adlonor whloh told
of olcnty even more eloquently than tho fcrlllo
fields around na Mr. Truitt, presiding at thb
bountiful board, apoko of a number of bb acquaint
ance* who had left aeorgl* to go to Texas'* to
make a living," and who had sluoo written to him
(0 say that they were looglng to gat bask to Geor
gb, and to Inquire If he knew how thay could ar
range for land to cultivate near their old homes.
a sin rut BTOttY.
Thb Is the story of Trultt’a triumph. It U a Mm-
pla story often years of steady, pattern, faithful
devotion to too duties which a yonng Georgia far
mer saw before him and manfully mat. It can,
not have bean always welcome or pleasant, tbb
workofredMmlngwornoutfield* and fightings
■low hattlo that It must taka years to wto, but
wben to* tag of It b over
bounteous reward begins to 00m* who will'ray
that It hat not been well won I There are thous
ands of dilapidated farms In Georgia today whleh
have to them tba possibility of Juries good a place
attest Ibavo described. That posilblllty b the
waiting reward tor brave haarteand willing hands.
Tbe telenet of agriculture b advancing year by
yaar, man are learning more and more of tbe
qnallllra of tbo Mil and too effeeb of the mmooii
hot with all toelrknowledgs they have not weak
raod tba force of that flnt law or agrienllnro, "In
toa sareat of toy face shall thou aat bread.”
White toe history of tebone farm In Troup
county k especially Interesting becanse of what I
show* aa tho transforming result of bard work to
lelllgenUy applied, teor* are many notable plaosa
In U)B county, lb farmers, aa a rule, an prosper-
ooi;toty ua advanced to their methods, lodiratxt-
oaa and generously emnlatlva of each other to too
efibfttoucan toe best results fromthelr lands.
It b encouraging to rate by their well
and ms too returns they 1
getting for tbe year'a labors. Tba ootton fialda are
beautiful, tut there Usomething eaptefally good
in too alibi of the com. "The beat cropof corn
weaver had," (hey all my. Everywhere Itgnab
the eyasrlthltahmg, full, golden tare drooping
ready toM gathered, a substantial prombe of
pluty. Ipa-scd by two thousand buehaboftt
trowing along tba roadside, on tha fern ol eg
Senator Traylor, and there were other fields u fins
The county will have IU more than enough com
for Ilk own use, and then will M oread to plenty
fee ill the people. F. U. B.
la
1 Notas.
Terrell county Is taking great Interest In
stock raising. There are notv fifty blooded colts
to tee county.
Taliaferro county farmer* have remlved not
to pay more (ban thirty eenta par hundred for
plf Hfnj cotton 1
Caterpillars have dona bnt alight damago
to tea cotton crop to Tamil county. It U now too
lata to apprehend much damega from them.
Houston county farmers are paying forty
cento per hundred (Or cotton picking. Many Uzy
ncgrsca an In tha county who win not work at all.
Hr. Thomas J. Blackabcar, of Lsureni
county, hai eight acres of eottoo that will yield
ten babe wrightog MO prnnfia each. Ho hu been
tend 4^00 pound* of lint cotton foe toe patch.
Disk Ball, of Wabatar county, uyi that
mare com will bo mad* to bb oounty than hu
baan mad* fer many yean. II to to* barthatnr
■aw terra, but that not half a crop of collou will
Hr. Jaka Collar has cultivated this yaar, in
hb tstbaria garden, near Ferry, a few cowl of
tha Clark floor com, and tha yield la equivalent to
about Itrly buihela par sere. Tbo stand waa de
fective, and Jaka aaya be MlteVM ha can make
planted
ml Mil
averaged tbica or
yaar
If yon are narvona or dyipeptle try Carter'*
Little Nerve Fill* Dyspepsia mako* you
nervous, ud nervonenaas make* yon dyapop-
tie; cither on* reniere yon mboraWo and
thoaa littla pilla core both.
THB AGRICULTURAL REPORT.
Tho Condition or Cotton, Wheat, Harley,
Oat*, Etc.
WAsBiKOTOE.SoptomborlO.—The Soptom.
bor report of the department of agricultnra
ihowa a better y told of spring wheat than ex*
pectad a month ago. Tbo improvement la in
the northern hate of IVIjconsIn, Minnesota
and Dakota. In Nebraska there hta boon s
dtdlne; In loans little ehango. Tho general
average la 84, an IncroiM ot fonr point*. Tho
Bjerago yield of tho crop,,10 fat aa tho result*
c i frothing are reported, exceed* olovou bq«h-
sla and may roach eleven and a half Uuabela
B rama.' The thieahjug of winter wheat iu
0 Ohio valley givea a Cotter return than was
expected at harvoot, and there la aome im*
provementinUblonrland Kansas. In tbo
middle and eastern itatea per oontagoi of Jnly
are not materially changed. In tho Math [ha
harvest wsa disappointing and ulna Injured
the product In tho shock. Botnrna indicate an.
average yield of about twelve and n half bush*
Ola per aero. The entire wheat produ:i will
apparently oxceed that of last yoar by eighty
to ninety million bnahela. Tko azaet deter
mination of tho area harvested and theraralts
of threshing aro cully C(ulvalent to avarioty
of atlsut taro per cent. Cora haa declined
'from 81 In August to 77 in the atate*. Tha
principal production atatua la aa follows:
Kentucky, from h7 iu August to IK) in Ssp*
Umber; Ohio, 68 to 8U; Mich lean 60, In both
return*; Indiana, DO to 03; Illlnola declines
from 77 to 73; UtoMurl from 7S to 63; Kansu.
72-to 62; Nobraika from 70 to 08; Iowa 73 to 67.
Tho lose west of Indiana Is cauaad by drouth
In tbe aonth Atlantic atataa there hie boon art
Improvement, On tbo gulf coast a alight lm«
rrovement, except to Texas, where the droutlt
net reduced the condition. The present crop
prospect, with no fbrther docline, la 10 pec
cent worse than last yaar, and Indicates ovec
twenty-one bnihela per acre, or nearly 1,600,*
000,000 bnahela
Cotton rttarns ahow a vigorous condition of
tho plant with latencM and deficiency In
fruiting. There has been an Improvement in
moat of the atataa, with a decided decline In
Ttxaa and a little to Arkanaoa. An India*
putable redaction of tho condition last month
In the aonth and woat ot .Toxm haa boon em~
Flushed In this return. Tho average of tha
condition or tbo crop area, 82, la slightly
abovo that of Anguat 1st for the first
lima in September In fifteen years.
With a long and favorable autumn ft indicates
an average crop, yet tho decline in condition,
after this data, b usual. Inaocte hero appeared
In moat of tho atataa with little loss io far;
more from tho boll worm than from this cater,
pillar. Tho stateo' averages of condition aro:
Virginia 77, North Carolina 82, South Caro*
llna 81, Florida 83. 0«nr»!s »!, Alsbsms SO,'
Mississippi 82,Louisiana 81, ToxaaTd, Arkau.
as* 03, Trim otao* 1)5.
Tho remits of threahtng maka tbo condition
of eat*at haivest in, a small -redaction.Aims
earlier expectation. Tht average of bat!ey,Ia
to 8,14 from the effect* of.local drought. In
New York the decline la from H7 to BD, and it
la heavy to tha dry area of the wost.
The condition of tobacco average* 81.
Tho number of fattening hogs are apparently
lets, by abont Ijx per cent, with somo redne*
tlon In tho average weight.
WILL EXCKED THE YEAB 1S8>.
Alexandria, September 10.—Tbo August;
cotton report show* that tire condition of tha
crop Is favorable, and that tho yiold. promise*
to exceed that of 1885.
Tbo National ootton oxchango crop report*
made up by O. If. I'arkor, secretary, for, tha
month of August, based on tbo full returns
fu n: nil parti of tho cotton bolt, any*: In
contrast til last year, cotton thla reason had
not nearly ao good a start, and tow Averages
prevailed during tho early months, exoaph
west of tho Mississippi and In Tunucmao, but
In thoAtlanllcsUtci and nearly nil tha torrl*
torymstol'Mississippi tlioro has been nn Im.
provrment during tbo whole of August. Tba
fruiting reason has shown an tdvanco Instead
of retrogression. Within till* area, however,
tho cron I* generally lato, and thoroforo more
exposed to any future uufivarable tolluancaa.
(In the other him!, in tbo former high
rated state* of Texas and Ar*
kauris and portions of Louisiana, tlm
plant has Buffered from lack of soflicont mobt-
uro, tbo bill and pralrlo lands belog of course
lire moat seriously alloc ted, and ahoddlng haa
hern quite general. Taken altogether, liow-
ovor, tho loss on ono Bide Jigs boon more thair
cotinterlialaured by pnln ou othor arid genoral
condition of crop la improved. Worm! havo
appeared in very many localities, but a* ret
havo dononndamage. Labor Is plentiful. Tba
condition of crops by states for tho put tbraa
monlhi Is a* follows:
Jnly, August;
S 8-
BVUIAL OF GENERAL CHEATB Alt,
Tha Popular Tribute to a Drava and Gallant
Onicet.
Nashville, Tenn., September 0,—[SpacIaL]
All last night people wrro parsing Iu and ofiL
of tho cspltol to look on tho faco of Gonoral
Frank Cheatham,who lay In atate In tbe sonata
chamber. By daylight tho line became con*
tinuous, and before noon over fiva thousaad
would otop at tbo bead of the oaskot, and
tears silently streamed down hla chocks. In
ho long procession wore many children,
ho being a great lovar of child ran,
and It wu touching to zoo tho genuine Mr*
row depleted on their faces. IJandredicf
colored people also came, many of them old
family servant*. At two o’clock tho procea*
■Ion formed at tho capital, tha military on tha
right with armi reversed. A largo number of
Mexican veterans, ci confederutoa and tx*
fi derail wore to line, Including a largo deloga*
tlon from tho George II. Thomas post Grand
Atm; of tho Republic, In tho proccMlon
were alto tbe govoraor and staff, tbo city offi*
core, tho mayor and tbe city council. Tba
United States officials camo In Just ahead of
ho funeral car. Noxtcame carriages contain*
ng the family »nd relative*, civic urdora *nd
citizens to carriage*. Tho procemlon moved
to tho Flnt Presbyterian church, whore lit*
Bov. Hisbop Charles T. (Julntard, of the Eplt*
copal church, delivered a funeral oration moab
touching In ohinctar. The long lino thorc
rcfoimtd, and tbo longest funeral cortege ores
seen In Naohvlllo wondod Its way toMt*
Olivet, where tbe remains wore interred to ■
hesuf iful grove on tbo hDl. Tho MivjcMab
tbo grave wore simple, consisting of IhehnrlnF
service of the Episcopal church, and soma
•ffictinr remarks by Captain H. B. I'ilchor.
Hra. Ann* Cheatham waa Tuesday appointed
acting postmaster at Nashville. Congressman
Caldwell and Senator Iterate bat* telegraphed
the president asking her appointment.
Tire Augusta Lookout.
Non union men are filling tbe place or Iho slriM
era to tho Augusta mills. ■ nd this, together with
the order oftho mill owners for the ttrlkcri to va*
') tb*!r houses, has caused conaternatl m among
strikers, and It Is thought there wlll bo a gon-
Appointments by tho President.
WAtHiEorow, September 6.—The rrosldcne
k*s appointed Samuel C. Tasker, of I forlda, ta
10 register of tho bndofllooat GalnMvIUej
Florid*, and Each T. Crawford, of h lorida, ta
bo receiver of rutllo money, aalncrvllle, Flor.
id*. .
B OZODOKT tho ladle* pride,
O niy rivals It deride.
2 splits of flower laden air,
O Ely with it can compare,
D otog good to everything,
O a ovory aid* lit praises ring!
N ettoattPEM It. ladle* won't
T hey all most have toalr ftOZOSGNT,