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THE WEEKLY CONSTITUTION. ATLANTA. GA.. TUESDAY MARCH 15 1887
HOW MARCH WO&C PAYS.
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FARMS AND FARMERS.
•HORT TALKS WITH PARMBR8 OH
FARM TOPICS.
Hwret Potato...
In fool climate not crop., each M turnip.,
marigolds, rsrrots, eta., constitute ittple crops,
and »ro valued highly M stock food. Northern
and English Journal, dlsetua th.ii eultiratlon
agood dcsl, and commend them strongly to
their reader*. Bonthcm papers copy such
articles and southern farmers accept their
teachings without duly considering tho differ*
tcctfl in < liinsto and want of adaptability of
Ihoec crops to their surroundings. The * west
potato excels them all in*nutritlTe value, and
is perfectly adapted to our climate. This val*
liable crop is not utilised by ua ee it should be
The avemge farmer thinks, or seems to think,
he has done well if a sufficiency of potatoes for
the family table is provided. 1'oaslbly thadlf*
Acuity of keeping them through the winter
has dNoouregcd more' extended cultivation
of this crop. We have been
In the habit of thinking that
potatoes should not be dug till the last of Oc
tober, and then the risk of rottlug follows close
upon the digging. But in truth the digging
may begin the first of August, and stock may
he fed tipon potatoes from that time well tote
Hove®her—say from three to four months.
The large, quickly maturing varieties, like the
St. Domingo Yam ora kindred red potato with
yellow meat, if started early, will produce
very good sised tubers by the first of August.
From that date hones, cows and hoga might
he fed on them largely, greatly to the relief of
^ tho corn crib. Tho vines would' furnish e
large quantity of most oxeollcnt forage for
milk cows. An experienced dairyman who
catsratothe Atlanta market with gllt cdgod
Jersey butter,' Informs us that no feed pro
duces a finer flavored, bettor butter than potato
vises. In feeding the tubers to cows, it is
better to eook them or else illcc them up, as
there 2s danger of choking when fed while.
The same should bo done for horses. Machines
made for slicing turnips would answer for cut
ting up potatoes. Bogs, of course, oould
gather potatoes for themselves—aud the crop
comes la most opportunely for pork-making.
> From Augnft to November is the heel period
In tho year for fattening bogs. Starting in
July with early anhar cane (both cane and
•ted), and following withpotatooa,poae,ground-
peas, etc., why should not aamthern farmer
raise his own baron? Be has ovory facility for
doing it cheaply atul easily.
But to return to potatoes. It la not necessary
to Ik cl them ont extra early, to h%vo early
slip*. These insy bo had in three or four
weeks, by proceeding aa follow*: Dig out a
bed, say eight to ten inches below the surfaoo,
fill it with horse stablo manure direct from tho
stalls: if dry wet it a little, ee that fermenta
tion may dovelop. Cover manure with three
inches of rich dirt, put potatoes on this and
covrr with three Inches mere of dirt. Cover
with planks, when rein threatens; never let
rain fiail on tho bed till the slips are up. Tho
manure will hast, aad start tho potatoes quick
ly; rain would qurnoh tho heat and defeat tho
end in view. * W.L.8.
TUB FARM QPK8TIOH BOX.
Or. W. U Jones, oonfemd the highest and safest
agricaUuiwl authority in the south, preside* over
this department. He solicits practical suggestions
hem farmer* and other* interested.
I. T, 0. Flemings, N. C.: 1st. 1 have about two
tons of stable manure, two lous of wood laoUl and
abet 1 two tons of bnruyard manure composted
together In a pen. How much pho*pato ought to
toe mixed with the above amount to make a com
plete manure for cotton and corn, 2nd. Will
photpste mixed well in the above comjxut when
ready to put out, do aa well aa If mixed with the
compost when first put up Into pen*. 3rd After
adding a* much phovpfttc aa you think proper to
the above, how much to tho acre In ,the drill for
cotton and corn.
1st One ton of phoepate will suffice. 2nd.
Fot altogether, but ucarly so. 3rd. About
1,200 pounds per acre.
J. X. C„ Clyattrillc: Pltaae Inform me how to
ldsnt and cultivate Spanish iron ml peas.
Cultivate the same aa other varieties, exoept
that they may be planted at a little lo* dis
tance spare, on acoount of lssa spreading habit
of growth. Rows three feet apart, aud hills
two feet apart in drill will answer. Cultivate
With sweep, aiding eloaoly at first, but running
firthcj-offM the vines spread. A little ioo*j
* dirt should be thrown under advancing cuds
of vines, that the fruit stalk may be ablo to
penetrate the soil readily.
M I* B., Tehuacsna, Tex.: Have a horse who*
hooft are all cracked up. What shall I do for
themf
Civs soft, damp bedding to stand on, that
the hoof may not get too dry. Rub hoofs dally
with a mixture of tai and fish oil. Rasp or
pare down the edges of tho cracks at thin as
PoasJble, and cut a notch in bottom edgoof
hoof at each crack, so the bearing on shoe*
will U at points between cracks, aud uot at
than. To make the new hoof at top of crack
wow solid, heat aa Iron red hot and touch the
awn at top of crack just sufficient to make a
Culscxtber: 1 have four acres of bottom rr
rather made laud, that will make M or 30 bmuo**
Of coin per acre, under moderate cultivation. I *m
■olng to plant tu cotton thts year; when iu cotum it
nuts very badly, rieaac inform me what wilt pr»-
Vent run. 1 want to u* scU phosphate on sail
land; how much must 1 uw per acre in drill f
We know of no unfailing preventive of raat.
Jntaesic manures have been used with ad van-
tage. Might trv 100 pounds of kalait per acre.
ViO pouuds of phosphate per acre is a good, fair
manuring,
Subscriber, Forsyth, Go.: j. What causes wind
falls on hones k gs aad what will cure them *
- 2. What kind of manure Is best for ribbon cane
nnd how much should fce put to an acre?
« kj hard work—are incurable.
^ e, l rotted stable manure is largely used
with good results. Cotton seed also makes fine
dure, hut cannot be used in too large qoantt-
ttea without injuring the quality or jars*.
Twenty-five bash els may be applied to aa acre.
A mixture of cotton seed m JSSiZSSSi
phate is also excellent for com. One kindred
pounds of meal to 200 of phosphate, and that
amount put on ouo acre in drill.
W. I. H., Hollywood, Olark county, Ark.: L I
cultivated a piece of laud in cotton last year, that
had been highly manured, broadcast The cotton
grew Very rank, but did not yield much lint. I
with to plant nunc land In cotton again this year.
Would it be beneficial to me acid phosphate alone
on It ? Aud If so, how much per acre?
2. Will add phosphate and kalnit have a good
effect If mixed with stable manure aad cotton seed
compost, when the latter is hauled out to be drill
ed?
1. Yes At the rate of 200 ponnda per aero.
2. Yes. Not quite, hut nearly as much as if
mixed with those substances when they Were
lint composted.
T. M. if., Ogecchce, Screven county, Georgia.:
I. I have eight neren new land, "taken In" last
yrnr, planted In pea* broadcast In June. Crop of
vines gcod. I want to plant'll: cotton; have Cum
berland guano and acid phosphate, Which would
yc ti advise roc to apply to said land?
2. Have six acres of land taken In this year; have
scootcicd it up, then laid off six feet and bedded
one furrow. Intend to throw hack two furrow*,
split open and plant in corn. Which ia ben to u«e
or manure mentioned above? When is the beat
time 1o apply it and how much per acre?
1. Would apply acid phosphate. Second
year's newground naturally contains a good
supply of ammonia forming substances, and
the pea vines havo added largely to this orig
inal stock. It Is unnecessary, therefore, to
apply an ammonia ted guano. Mix the phos-
phxto with soil. After it is put in, drill, so as
to dilnte It.
2. The ammonia ted guano would bo bettor
for 11 rat year's newground, as the vegetable
matter in it is not sufficiently rotted to yield
up its ammonia. On rongh land, where crops
cannot be sided closely ahd manure gotten well
in below tho surface by a siding farrow, it is
bent to pat manure In drill furrow at planting
time. It may be strewn along the drill aa for
cotton, or may be dropped on each side of seed
as it is planted. When light applications of
manure are made, the latter is the bettor plan.
J. C. 8., JAncsville, B. CM 1st. Please give bast
way to get rid of lice on rattle.
2d. The bett preventive aud cure for an Insect or
worm that appears on the hooks of cattlo iu the
spring, commonly called "wolves."
fid Is there any danger in grazing mares in foal
on rye?
4th. What is the best method for composting
silts, and lcuvcs and pine needles, that I expect
to rccompost In the summer with stable and cow
pen manure for wheat and oats in the fall. Would
it pay to put ilcli dirt or uedlnisats iuto the heap
now?
Mh I have twenty acres of very rich, low new-
ground bottom, very stumpy, that I wish to plant
iu com. Ifow would you plant, in single or dou
ble rows, what distance give row, aud stalks iu
drills?
6th. What land is most suited for kaffir corn,
how ia it cultivated, whin planted and how much
per sere?
1. Card them with grease to which a little
kerosene haa been added.
2. Rub a little of the above mixture into
tbe opening of each lump cuised by tho Insect
—or piuch up lump between thambaud finger,
and rqueezo it hard—the worm will pop out
readily.
3. Non© that we know of, if tho change
from dry to green feed is made gradually, and
tbo animal not allowed to gorge herself. Alter
the rye heads out and aieda form, there may bo
danger from ergot, which tends to abortion.
4. Mix leaves and ashes thoroughly, have
tho mixture damp and keep it so. This is best
done by putting in pens three or four feet high,
with a brush covering to keep off sun but ad
mit rain. Tho wholo might bo covored with
rirh dirt to kcop tbo mass better moist. Other
wise nothing would bo gained by adding dirt to
heap.
5. Single row is preferable to doable in
cited. Lay off four feet rows and plant In
hills two feet apart.
fl. Any land that will grow oorn or sorghum
well is adapted to kaffir corn. The latter Is
cultivated like sorghum aud planted same
time. A gallon of seed is euough for an acre.
Subscriber: 1 have a lot of stable and cow ma
mire to u»o with apld phopKflte; will It do to put
saw duat up with It? It has I,con rawed over fifteen
years; how Ic ug ought it to stay up before applying?
Bow much to the aero and how proportion tho
ingredients? Would suit bo of any advantage? In
short give plan to put up manttre, saw dust, phos
phate and »alt.
Avrrsgo mnuuro is estimated to weigh about
.10 pcuudf to tho bushel. On that basis, add
100 pour.tin of acid phoephato to every 15
bushels of mixed matiuto. Tho addition of
sawdust will not materially improve tho mix
ture. Sawdust hna very little valuo as a man
uro. When fertilisers are very concentrated it
may be used advantageously in dilutlug thorn.
If for instance,one was going to apply acid
phosphnto by Itself, it would be very woll to
mix it with sawdust—say Avo or six times its
bulk of sawdmt. A littlo salt may also bo
used to advantage.—say 100 pounds per aors.
Compost of manure aud phosphato may bo
used after it has stood six weeks.
Z. R. II., Vollens, Robeson Co., N. C: In 18*5 l
used on one aero 23 bushels eottonscod and 25
pounds Wilcox A Gibbs' manipulated guano nnd
realized out thousand pounds seed cotton. Its lisrt
1 uscd|on2sam<€acre 23 buihelsof lot; manure
and S3 bushels stable manure, also ao bushels cot
tonseed, too pounds acid phosphate and 900 pounds
katutt, (tho above composted together,) aud gath
ered sown hundred pounds seed cottoa from this
ono acre, the lamo attention and auouut of culti
vation given both years, tho only dlfieroitco being
the excessive wet of last year. Tho soil of this aoro
la sandy loam. Please advise amount, kinds, aud
proporUouofabovo mauurcs and fertilizers that
should boused this year on aome acre to produce
the largest yield of wed cotton.
Doubtless the seasons had much to do with
decrease in yield last year. The oompoat ap
plied tbe secoud year waa a very good ouu,
barring tho amount of kainit in it. That was
excessive. Ono hundred to ono hundred and
fifty pounds is as much aa ought to be applied
to an acre at one time. If ttuder last yoar's
manuring, weed was quite largo, U would ba
well to reduce the quantity of cottoa seed aud
stable manure and kainit: and apply say 25
bushels of lot manure, 10 bushels each of cot
ton iced and stable manure, 2U0 pounds of acid
pbosphato aud 50 pounds of kainit. Ko.laced
quantities of manure are suggested bcc.tu*o
there is doubtless a large residuum of phos
phate and potash in tho soli, from tho heavy
manuring! of the last two years.
Frull Raiser. Worth county, Ga: Does 11 hurt or
auywUe Injure au orchard to plant U In out* or
wheat, followed oy pea* aa soon as grain crop Is od?
Yes. An orchard requires cultivation
through tho growing season, quite as rauo»as
a crop of cotton or anything else. Wheat or
eats not only interfere with suoh cultivation,
hut rob tho treca of food just at ths time when
they need it most. Teas ussy be town in an
orchard lato in tho season, boesuse the years'
growth is pretty well computed by that time,
and because pcs*, Instead of exhaustiug, enrich
the soil.
W, p. McN., constitution, Dcfalb, Ga.; I have
two stands of Italian bees, bought last tall; the
ten are brlmrlug out (Tom iktlrlme young beea
s» d a imall, slightly lead colored worm, and the
entrance to gum Is filled with a brown anbmnee
Hk* gunpowder in shape and sis*. If the bees
need food, what kind and how shall I giro tt to
tocm? The old l ees seem to bo very weak, not
a^e to rt*e when they miss the platform at hive
and frequently die there.
Tbe tacts stated indicate-that your hives are
infested with worms. If so, nothing remains
hot to transfer the bee# to a hire supplied with
old i t artificial comb, and feed them liberally
wtth swertened water, using good sugar, and
placing it in shallow vessels near mouth of
ash. Nitrogen works ip tame direction,\but U
•would not appear in atfanalyslt of tbo as
four
crowfoo^may be mowed and cured aa hay.
I. G.,Wavet)y, Ala.: Borne months ago a bump
came on side of head of a coll, between eyes and
note, and continues togrow. The bump issoft, like
a ripe boll. What will I do for it?
There are several kinds of soft tamors, bat
jour description points to what are called en
cysted tumors, such as haves sac containing a
ioft substance like suet. The tatty tumor is
similar but firmer. Cut open, remove contents
and inject a teaspoonful or tincture of iodino to
destroy the wall of the secreting sac. The po
sition of tumor is suggestive of "big head,"
which is an incurable cancerous affection of
the bone, but ig bard instead of soft.
B. M. G., Santoc, 8. C - What is the best thing to
remove warts from mules where the warts are in
one Inch of the eye?
Put a ligature around wart as close to the
skin as possible, and drew it very tight. If
the first ligature does not remove the wart,
ply another and another till it drops off.
would be dangerous to apply nitric acid or
anemic near the eye.
W. J. A., Rock Mills, Alt; Mease give me the
process by which your correspondent prevents tho
horns from growing on his calves. My stock are
horned and arc troublesome In the extreme.
An toon ua tho horn begins to bud oat from
the sknll, make an incision through skin di
rectly over It, and cut ont the little bony ex
crescence beneath. Remove it entirely, so that
none will remain projecting above the level of
the surrounding skull.
R. D. 8., Verona, Vise.: In yonr last communi
cation to Tiir. Constitution on red clover, you do
not recommend sowing clover on any except clay
or Ume lands. I haveapatehofclorer, of about
two acres, that haa occupied tbe land two years
and la now putting (the third year; up, and shows
no sign of decay. The soli la branch bottom, weU
drained and la wbat I suppose you would term
randy. Rather it la of a dark, loamy nature nud
would have produced about 1,200 or 1,400 pouuds
of reed cotton per aero previous to seeding to
clover. 1 grazed the cJover lightly tbe first tall
and cut two fine crop* of hoy the second summer
and also grazed lightly same tall,(and a flue crop
of young clover is comlog np all over the patch
now.
Would you not consider this land well adapted
U) clover? I wish to Increase my acreage in clover
hut am not willing to place too much stress on
this single experiment, and would bo grateful fir
little advice before proceeding any further. Tbe
land may probably have some lime In it. Tiie snb-
loll Is from one to two feet from surface and is or
a yellowish color and little sticky when wet. The
land I proptse sowing Is of same character.
Referring to article nuoted, you will And
that exception waa mado In favor of rich
bottom laud, such aa yours undoubtedly is.
You need not hesitato about sowing more land
of the ume kind in clover.
W. P. D., Mum, Tex; Whcro can T obtain some
Japan clover seed? 1 have heard it highly spoken
of, and that It would probably do well lathis
cl Ur ate.
Tho seed are difficult to collect in market
able condition and are not for sale by dealora.
T. R. !<., Ypsllantl, Talbot 'county, Ga.: I would
like to know what is the dominant, or what is the
best manure for celery. Richard gives the follow
ing analysis of celery: Potash 22.07; lirac 1311;
msKuesla f».62; oxide of magnesia 1.92; sulphite
arid 5.68; Hilda acid 8.K5; phosphoric acid 11.58;
phos. of Iron 2C6; chloride of potassium 33 11. I
plant my celery between tho rows of corn, sow tho
corn 4 feet apart and In cultivating tho corn try to
pet the bed aa high up aa possiblo so as to plant tho
celery as low a* possible. My celery patch is on
bottomland and can be irrigated at will. I sow
the 15th of ao aero and 1 sold 130 worth and gave
away and ate HO worth. Thera is - no one in this
county tba) raises It, so I come to you for informa
tion. Will cotton seed, salt and hen manure and
a»hes soaks a complete manure? or will I savo to
add a commercial fertiliser, and what?
The analysis given Is in such shape we hard
ly understand ita teachings. It is doabtlesi an
analysif of tho ash only. But it is clear that
potaah isthe dominant ash iugredUnt Any
plant cultivated for ita stalks and leaves—not
for ita fenit—Is benefited By application of pot-
center furrow with lull tongue and throw two fur
rows on this with tnrnlug plow; before bedding up
to plant will scatter on tbe furrowi 100 lb*, cotton
reed meal mixed with 200 Ita. add pho>ph*te and
to lbs. cotton seed hull ashes. Will this be an over
dose? When cotton ta well np, will run far side of
little plow, known here a* 4 Bbawa’s Deep filler?'
it rttnsdeeper, lighter, and throws less dirt than a
Bulltorpue. I do this to break up the ridge. I
then, with same plow, turn and throw dirt hack to
the cotton, let stand a few days to get a rain, if I
can, chop out to a stand 18 inches iu theddll, leav
ing two stalks in a place; seed, "Alien'* Long Sta
ple;" all subsequent cultivation will be shallow
and on a level. When the cotiou begin* to square
and bloom, I will feed the plant to cause it hold
the square* and assist in developing the bolls. - To
do this I will take 100 lbs. cotton seed
meal mixed with to lb». of land-
plaatcr, mobtened and allowed to ferment
before uclng, mix this compost with 20J pound of
acid phosphate and drill the mixture on each aide
of the cotton mixing thoroughly with tho soil.
*2. Why will not the cotton seed huls .ashes
answer it lu the place of kninite; it contains
double the amount of ammonia oi potash, eadly
Obtained and so much cheaper. •
The cow shed manure herein alluded to is the
droppings of milch cows aud oxen for this w inter
on cotton seed meal, this perhaps would obviate
the necessity of more meal under the drill.
J. The quantities of manure named will bo
a full dose, but not an overdose, as your land is
good, and will bear heavy manuring. It might
have been better to put the manure a littjp
deeper in the ground. Manure applied shallow
is liable to mske grass grow more vigorously,
is liable to be taken away from the drill iu the
hccingo/ cotton, and in very drv weathor is
liable to bo above the lino of moisture in tho
toil, and therefore beyond tho reach of plauta
Wo think it would have been an improvement
on your plan, to have opened deep and afresh
the old water furrow, put cow manure in
it, mix it with the soil as yon did, put fint
dcee of meal, etc., directly on cow manureand
then listed. For similar reasons to thoso
given abovtf, tho second application should be
made whin the cotton had been "barred” off
so ns to get manure well in the ground.
2 Cottonseed hall ash supplies a large quan
tity of available potash, but it does not har
monize as well as kainit with other ingredi
ents of manures. It is liable to drive off am
monia and render aolublo phosphoric acid-
insoluble.
Florence Station, Term.: I see inquiries from
several of your readers asking what will prevent
rabbits barking fruit trees. If they wfll smear the
bodies of their young trees with lyo soap In No
vember, before the cold weather sets in, I will in
sure complete protection. The settlings at the
bottom of tbe barrel of soap will answer as well a:
any. The soap acta as a fertilizer also, being wash
ed down by the rains, and leaves tbo bark of tho
trees clear of insect* in tho spring. I sometimes
wash or Fmcnr my trees twlco during tho winter,
finding that 1 am amply compensated for tbe labor,
RcipcctAUly, E. F. Bell.
The Sorghums for Grain and Forage*
Editors Constitution: Some of your read
ers w ho have rend my advertisements In your
columns seem to think I offer them sorghum
grains and sorghum forage as better iu all
respects than corn, and that I champion those
crops to tho exclusion of corn. You will permit
mo to disclaim such a purpose. If I have
seemed to be a champion of the sorghums, I
may be excused when I explain that my farm
is high and light land: I have not an aero of
bottom land. I am on tbe high hilla a few
miles cut of Augusta, and on these lands I have
found tho rorgbum reliable every year, whether
wet or dry, favorable or otherwise. Thoy
make, year in and year out, three times as
muoligrafh and tkteo times as much fodder as
corn will make on tbo samo land, except in tho
most fisvorable seasons.
I have depended on them largoly, therefore,
and I praiaotho bridgo that bears mo safely
ever. When corn haa utterly failed they ha Vo
invariably made fifteen to fifty bushels of
grain per acre, and worlds of foddor. I'll
atand by my friends, the sorghum.
Whoever haa good bottom laud
that never fails In corn, let him go on and be
content; and whoever can be sure that he will
get front fifteen to twenty bushels of corn on
uplands, besides peas and fodder, lot him also
Spring Medicine
l>t. ThtlrcdyUnowsu-r. tiwcrtiMe to UteCt melton, to build me up. .-'.j wifei »lso, «n«r
from 0ie«11r!:ie then tt.ny otherMnfflon. much phy.-'eil proitrelton. .mmd in iU *’' e
3,1. D.c In’, iirlllr, which liaro ecn!ir.el*tcd tr,, life »nd taslSn* benefit, bron oorUttle jfrl. wto
iheMocd should be expelled, and the tyttem j had beW^iJck with scarlet -frer, Its efi^ctwai
|„T1C md rtrengtli, bcfoie the preunitog i mim*H eutb*ly w»vln* ihe fobM Ibem Mt
effect, of vena wc.tbcr.i. felt i Wood «d rertorleg her to g»d hcltb. E. O.
Hood-.!«the te«ijUnj ntdlcte*.jamno*.8-r»Bp«eottMa,-.
It rnrlfiei the bleed. It rtiorfcn: the appi Utc. It
oh. Tba bo content, for that u » very I»lr return. Hot
ronr thing, V.mod will .apply liberal mot., whetyer Jba._li*CT, Ihln and thinty (oil, nnd
urfs of potash and nitrogen,tmt the salt should
8. IVK, Aiwa. N. C.:tan thcmataral'Rraasos.snch
h mb and ether trassts.be cultivated sucrotetail*
tabs)?
They ofteu sre. Land broken and harrow
ed about the first of May will be covered with
ci ah frara, without artificial seeding. If cot-
ten seed meal or ammoniated guanos are
Plowed in when the land Is broken, a very I c. B, Grenada. Mln -L I am preparing me acre
luxurious growth of grerewill follow. Towards J of good land Tor the largest yield of lint cotton
the gulf land prepared and manured in like I posable. I will give you my plans: sou sred in
manner about Ike first of June will bring a 3 the water fenow of old cotton rows 13^ feet apart
fine crop of crowfoot gram. Both crab and | about 2.(00 lba. of cowshed manure, then ran a
be used rather sparingly.
V. O. F., Stonewall, Me Du file county: 1. I hare
a quantity of compost of cotton seed, cow lot and
stable manure, in about equal part*. Would you
advise adding add phosphnto In fbrrow as yon bed
fur cotton, on good, average land ? and how much ?
2. Will it not do aa well to add acid phosphate In
frmow with above, as to havo put it lu compost
heap?
s. 1 have R0 acres of fresh land, oak ana hickory,
which made 2& bales last year, which I Intend to
plant In cotton again. How would you prepare,
manure, plant and cultivate to make 3 halos to the
acre on It this year?
1. Yes; 150 to 200 pounds per acre.
2. Thcro is not great diffcrenco in results
from tbe two modes of application, but it is
rather better to pnt phosphate in the beep; it
helps to fix and retain any escaping ammonia.
3. Not prepared to make a proscription for a
five-bale per sore crop. Break deep and culti
vate shallow, Is applicable to almost every kind
of soil. Fresh land, not being specially want
ing in any one ingredient of plant food, calls
for a compute, wi 11 balanced manure; one con
taining all substances needed by plants. Oom
poat* mado by Furman's formula meets the case
very well.
T. I.. 8., Warsaw, Ala.: My land Is sandy
with clay tubsoll aud is iu a good state of eulilva-
Hon, well ditched, etc.
have a largo lot of compost, made of stable man
ureand cotton se^l, equal parts of each In layers six
to eight Inches thick. Tho land on watch I ex-
l«ct to put this, will > lold 600 to t*00 pouuds seed
cotton per sere. Will it pay mo to uso acid pho*-
|-flto with tho oompott, f ml If so, how much to the
ton of compost. IIow much mutt I uso per acre,
and hnwlbcst to distribute tho compjtt. 2. Toll
me the best plan to fertilize corn with enttou seed
Last year 1 bedded up land, opened bed with a
tcooler"deep, dropped tho corn and dropped a
hand full of cottou iced on each side of hill of corn
and covered with a hoc.
The yield was twenty-flrc to thirty bushels per
•ere. 1 want to apply cotton seed twice to rar
corn vlr: When 1 plant and afterwards. When
should 1 put lu tho sccoua time.
1. Phosphate haa very geueralty proved a
coed addition to composts, and it would proba
bly ray you to add it to your compost. Five
hundred pouuds of it to a ton of compost is the
uFual ratio. Of such mixture yon might apply
BTO to 1 000 pounds per aero in the drill. It is
distributed like any other bulky manure—
either from baskets or hoxos, or by mschinos.
There are tcvoral varietlra of the latter, but all
made on the same principle, having a hopper
with revolving drum, near tbo bottom, in
which are spikes to tear np and dtserhage ma
nure through slat at bottom of hopper. These
machines are local—none manufactured ou a
large scale, and plaocd on the market.
2. If the first plowing ia early, apply manure
at second working; but if the first working is
delayed till corn is six or eight Inches high,
apply U at first working.
y F. !>., Merest Place, Haynevllle, Alabama; I
ara going fr> make my first experiment with acid
phosphate, aud I want you to tell me how to mix
Iu We work mostly prairie bottom land, some of
tu-ht tenacious character and some more allueiall
made land* The made lands all make good weed
but don't boll well. We generally plant stout the
latt of March. Now, would you apply tbe phos
phate a* you prepare the laud or when you plant
ed, aud how much to the acre? Onr land don't
tH in to be deficient iu any element* except the
oil producing.
htil- w cultivation (and as little of it as is
eemput hlo with keeping the crops ■•toon) to-
tether with applications of piMMjhalie mau-
u«a, are the moat efficient means of making
r-ents fruit. The phosphite shoo'd be put in
dull before the land is bedded ; it is rather
darxtrous to put acid pho«phat vr.th tho seed
at planting time, it ia liable to injure their ger
minating power Two hundred pouudi to the
acre ia a liberal application. From yue to two
hundred is the usual practice.
who lives in fear of July and August drouthr,
he is In the boat with me, and to uim I say tbo
sorghums aze highly desirable. Tho quality of
tho grain ia equal to corn for any practical
purpose. Official analyses make tho feeding
value of corn $1.38 per 100 pounds and avemgo
soTghum grains $1.31 per 1Q0 pounds. (Soo
tbo analytes in department of agricnl-
turo reports, volume 1881-2.) Neither mule,
horse, cow mre pig on my
place has discovered this small difleronci in
value. They all havo dono well on it, fed
continuously, with only occasional alternations
with oats and corn.
I sow Eorno early amber, or orongo cano, in
drills, every year, for early greon food, and
uae it liberally for woiking stock, cows and
bogs. AU I don't use green, comes into fair
dry forage, and will keep in tho field till
Christmas, In shocks,
1 plant also the white dhoura (or big African
millet, aa 1 usually call it) which is a species
of sorghum, not aweet;(urnkos good jpotn
feed, ond yields large heads of fino white
grains, equal to corn for any purpose. It will
make three times aa many pounds or bushels
of grain as corn will make on tho same land.
Ripens in July; makes good fodder too. Tho
Kaffir corn I used in 188(1 for tho first time,
and will use it again. I liko ita earliuess,
abundant yield of grain, and great amount of
fodder. All tho stalk is good fodder; the blade
fodder, if pulled as corn bladca are, is beautiful
in quality and vastly more in quantity tlnn
corn. Tho yellow dhoura, too. is a splendid
plant for green feed and for fodder. Its grain
is abundant, aud excellent f)r all sorts of stock.
Faultry raisers and hog rsfsori would bo
charmed with any of those several kinds.
The ram of it all is that those plants tnxke a
great deal of grain and fodder in illimitable
quantities, no matter though tho sdl ami tbo
Mason are dry. They never tall altogether, as
coin docs quite often. I never yet had a crop
of the m that did not pay well, and after using
thi in several ycais I would not be willing to
try to farm if I didn't havo them to depend on
for feed. A great abundanco of forage, costiug
almost nothing, is to bo had by using them.
J. H. Alexander.
Augusta, Ga., March 10,1887.
To the Furtncrs of Georgia.
Tho folio wit g very sensible letter from Hon
John T. lUndcnon, state commissioner of
agriculture, addressed to the farmers of
Qe< rgia, is worthy the careful pcrnsal of all
citizens who have tho good of the state at
heart:
Department of Agriculture, Atlanta, Ga. March
12.—To the Farmers of Georgia. As the official head
of a department of the state, established tor the es
pecial benefit ol the farmers, it 1* my duty, by
every means, to.encourage the more general
adoption or improved method* of tanning, and the
entire abandonment of theories and practices that
have retarded the return of prosperity. I am con
fident that a change for the better U now in pro
gress. atd that (norr.ta farmer* arc leading in the
march oi Improvemuit. There are umn:*takeable
evfdcnre* of increaaint; thrift ami
growing wealth on the part of many, aud while
the «petal average of progress is low, there la
icsfcu for congratulation ami encouru?cmcut r
dedre, if 1 Why, to quicken yonr enehrire, oua
harden tbe advance of more pivgre*lve Idea*, and
tho eorolrg of a non* general prosperity. A’rut
1 have to »»y now will he addre*s:d ehiedy t-i that
large clan* who have not yet^dopted a more ra
tional swem than the one that 1ia* prevailed for
the last'twenty y-ai>. ihon-andsof usepgt* farm
er* of the etas* interred to are ou tbe brink of
lUtkklTIt'Y AMI Kl iN.
They ara at tho mercy of creditors who can, If
they i lca-e. at »r.y moment reduce them to a era-
ditton little abort of bcerory.
It wcukl be ufeleta to dttenw. In detail, the
wr*f« th*t have led to this con 'It Ion of m urge a
number of Georg, I a farmer*. It is certainly of lit
tle avail to aitrtl ute vhe deprewhm lecture* bo-
yttid onr control, and thu* seek-tfi justify failure.
The rirttprefitable, nnd the only prn ticil in-
qulry. i* to r- hat extent are you personally feapon-
Hbte for taflcre to reenre a comfortable Itvi :r •»— mo
Jmt rrwt.nl of tttnple, honest toll—and a compe
tence for children and old are—the reasonable re
turn for skillful, latcihgent industry?
You hats now been Kroaglin* lor twenty years
again** adverse fonwue. von first sought to re
trieve the loeres entailed by the late war, and to
bereme independent and prosperous again. Far
from attaining this end. many of you would fain
be content to "make end* meet.' and hold vour
*- - k -“ " * In what
tho dJgutlon. It overcomes dcl/.Mi>* It
builds up the whole fyatem. Try it and ycu vrib
bo convinced of its superiority.
Purify Your Blood
Remember, w edo rot claim that Hood's Earrepa-
rilla will do impossibilities. Wc tell yon plainly
what it has done, snd submit proofs froip fources
of unquestioned reliability, and a>.k you frankly If
you ore suffering from any disease or affection
earned or prompted by impure blood or low stale
of the system, to try Hood’s Sarsaparilla. Our ex.
perlence warrants us in assuring you that you will
not be disappointed In tbe result
"I took Hood's Sarsaparilla for general debility
and was wonderftally benefited by it" J. P. John
son, Martin’s Ferry, O.
T comJdcc Hood’s Sarsarytrille tho beat medi
cine I ever used.. It gives mo an appetite and re-
jYethlng a'eep, and keeps tit" cold out" JOHN
e. Fogg, 106 Bpruee Street, taitiand, Me.
Tone Up the System
"I have used Hood’s Bareaparllla for Boveral,
years, and I consider it as ono of the best of tonios,
and blood purifiers. As a azediofho for uso in tho
spring to tone up the eutlrc byiujfc.lt is unexcelled;
I take pleasure in recommending tt ** »n excel
lent remedy." G. A. OrouNH, Bettor church of
the Good Shepherd, Yorkville, South Carolina.
•1 have used Hood’s Sarsaparilla In my family
for nervous prostration, with the very best of re
mits, and can highly recommend!! to others suffer*
login that way.” V. M. Banker Waco,
Texas.
Hood’s Sarsaparilla
laid br til dranliU. Us Hx *>r » Frepuedby I Bold by all drasstt* »l; si* for *3. Prepared b*
3.1. HOOD. A CO., Apotbcwnci, lowell, Mu* J C. I. HOOD A CO., Apolhecarle., Lovell, Mao.
iO0 Doses One Dollar! 100 Doses One Doilan
in- | corn,
tbj rv<
i be found for substantial
a bawd upon their culture.
-arrow, Whitfield, Morgan.
Green, Gwinnett, DeKalb, and fifty other counties
that might be named, wlioSieglects grass and clo
ver, ana stock-growing, and devotes his beat efrorta
to the culture of cotton, or even to grains, is bllna
to his best interests, and to the most reliable capa-.
REPROACH ON THAT CALLING, I In tbOSC WCtiOM Of the State Which CTO
and, to the extent of his influence, upon the grand to clover and
aggregate, retarded the progress of the state?
In reply, it may be truly said that you have mis
apprehended the essential business o! a farmer.
You have assumed that tho true theory of farming
is to produce something to exchange for money
with which to buy the necessaries oi life—the ordi
nary, every day food of youroelf and family. Thero
never waa a mistake more fatal to genuine progress
andprosperiW
produce*fesnf?ho ^roll YbeTood "necessary for his
family; not limply the food that goes upon his own
table, but Uie grain provender and pasturage for
Ids animals, and rations lor his laborers and ten-
in my opinion, no system of agriculture, and no
agricultural state was ever longiblcssod with pro*
lor Iiomo consumption, rum. uncuu, mru, uvui,
butter, syrup, potatoes, fruit, honey, etc, or who
neglect* to produce them at home and denies his
family these comforts and necessities, Is no wiser
than a skillful shoemaker who iclls potatoes for
money with which to buy shoes for hla family, lor
denies them shoes altogether.
There Is little doubt of the fact that
THE GEOBOIA COTTON CROP
of Iff 6, in the aggregate, yielded lesa to the farm
ers who produced it than tbd aggregrate cost of its
production. The logical conclusion, from which
thero la no escape, is that cotton planting In Geor
gia, as a rule, "does not pay" the producer; and to
the extent that farming is based upon the theory
that cotton should be tno leading crop, it is also
rue that "farmiqg docs not p*y. r *
solution would be cosy. But the prico Is beyond
our control. No individual effort on the part of a
tanner, by reducing area and thus lessening pro
duetion, can affect tho market. A
combination among tanners to re
duce acreage — extensive . and penis-
tint enough to affect prices—is utterly Impractica
ble, Ibowever desirable. Tho individual farmer
must be convinced that his own success and pros
perity depends upon his individual action. He
mutt uot rely upon the co-operation and ajsJsti'ico
of others, but should persuu that oourse which his
own enlightened judgment approves, Independent
of others and rcgardlesaoi what the mass of farm
ers may do. Iftne individual farmer cannotin-
crease the market price he may
REDUCE THE COST OK PRODUCTION.
bllitiesofhissoil. .. —
Le teach farmer be governed by hla surrounding!
and circumstances in the selection of additional
crops upon which ho may employ his efforts, aft»
providing liberally for those tnlngs that he must
nave for homo use. With the advantages that wo.
poFeess of toil and climate, and toe monopoly of
certain staples of consumption and comment,
there is no reason why we should not be a mart
prosperous, happy ana contented people. God aad
nature have been lavish In favors. Let farmers
appropriate and develop them to tho utmost, and
the world will envy our heritage.
Very truly, John T. Henderson,
Over6,000,000 EEBEkEUg
FERRY’S SEEDS
"•eflmflSfc
uuggjgjpw
BllCO’S
/towsr a
tend fot U. A
DeMeftlRYAC*
Detroit, Mloh.
Kind.
Ou mtity
To do this ne must neevat arUy reduco the whole . pie of price*, and quwntiy neoewary tot anawa:
area in cultivation to wjthin such limits ; as will J ' • " r " *■ ™
admit of:
1. Thorough preparation of tho soil, and most
skilllul cultivation.
•J. High id til Jznt Ion. .
3. Ths production of an abundant supply of such
provisions and comforts of whtoh soil aua climate
are <»j ablo.
product that requires tho application ol
any form or at any stage.
It is a mUtake to suppose that a farmer can grow
cotton any cheaj>er became ho produces his tmp-
plfeff ut be me. those (or men who inuko an abuu-
dar.ee ofeverytblug needful do, in fact, generally
produce cotton (as well ns everything eke) at a less
cost; but tho one I* not the esute of tho other.
The cheaper cotton is only one of tho many results
due to the superior skill, intelligence, scuud judg
ment and industry of tho farmer who undorstuuds
what true farming is. Another error in regard to
cotton culture Is that this crop is not exhaustive If
the seed bo returned to the soft. It ia truo tho cot
ton lint takes,practically,nothing of value from tho
toll. Rat tho all-summer culture of the cotton
fluid, exposing coutluually the fresh stirred soil
to the ficrco sutnmor »un, and leaving Its
Mirfarc without protection against tho washing and
leaching rains or winter aud spring, makes cotton
one of
THE MOfcT EXHAUSTIVE CROPS
In onr economy.. Constant .clean culture Is the
soil and feeding the crops. Supplementary to
there mesna, the Judicious use of commercial fer
tilizers 1* an advantage that very few progressive
farmers can afford to ignore, it is a mlitake to
•Fkunie that tho use ol commercial fertilizers is an
innovation that will havo its d«.y, &ud then p.-i«s
into history a* one of the temporary agricultural
expedients of this age. Tno application of agri
cultural science to the devclopm nt nnd practical
crnplojmentof the immense natural stores aud
other touice* of plant food that have been un
known or unheeded in tho patt, 1* according to the
order of nature and the laws of progre*?. aud will
probably not be discontiuued so long as the supply
holds out.
THE PRACTICE OK BUYING SUPPLIES
that should t»c produced on tho farm is. Itself, ei-
FintlnUy bad; but thu credit ruatnrea make (t dou
bly so. It may fce *afcly affirmed that the farmer,
only, who can pay tho cash, can • fiord to buy such
ftui pUc*. li>* ability to pay thccanh may possibly
be evidence that hi* policy Is u wise one; but thu
truth of observation 1* that thoio farmers who arc
able to pay cash lor corn, bacon, etc., are general-
that i* worth u volume of srgumeut.
But the sum of the wholo question of credit Is,
that % farmer should buy nothing on a credit—ex
cept powibly, needed land. It is fa? better to bor
row money with which to pay cash, than to en
gage to pay the cuormouN j er ceutage that 1* de
manded ou credit Falcs. Farnn-r* who buy farm
supplies of provisions, generally pay not loss than
one hundred per centum per annum, for credit!
La>tIt, the farmer mutt appreciate the import-
PERSISTENT INDUSTRIOUS APPLICATION
to bis bukincF*. No butiuess man, whether mer
chant, manufacturer or mechanic can hope to suc
ceed in his vocation without unremitting applica
tion. The puch, hurry and devotion to business
duplexed by the active business men of our live
cities is a ttsndiugireprosch as well as example to
H-e farmer If a fanner finds seasons and times
when he has nothing to do, he certainly has failed
to properly adjust his bnttuees, Thero should
never be n time, not even a day, not au hour,when
a farmer may not find profitable employment for
hiftxnlnd, and for the baud* of his laborer*. Ills
diversions and ills recreations should not
depend upon his iclwtre, his hav-
GRASS IS KING.
rpHK FARMERS OF THE 0OUTH ARE NOW
1 (turning their attention more than ever before to
the cultivation of tho grasses, clovers, eta, aid fot
their information we publish the following soiled*
Red Clover
White Clover
Lucerne or Alfolfe...
Orchard Grass
Kentucky Blue (Aim
Herd* or Red Top...
Timothy Grufs
Johnson Grass.
Tall M’d’wOnt (ham
Texas Blue Gran
German Millet...
1 2t bus.
at bus,
3 01 bus.
S M bus,
2 25 bus,
3 o; lb.
3 bush.
Apdfc
ennan Millet V, to}thus. 50 1 7» boa
The above Grasses and Clovers can bo sown from
now to 10th April. Prepare the ground by thor*
ough plowing and harro-vinv. Sow tho grass and
roll or brush In. Don’t cover with plow or harrow.
We keep tbcabove and *11 other Field nnd Garden
Seeds constantly on hand. Terms ara cosh with
order. 49*Ilemlt by draft on Atlanta or New
York, postal order or postal note, registered letter,
orlfbyexprosspropay charge*. Orders*ollcitedand
will have prompt attentiou. We refer to business
own. Wbat Is the reuse of thts failure.
reject has the avenue Georgia former toiled in his
duty to himself, his family and his calling, and in
aud profitable-that mind and body may gather
froth energy for renewed effort. A former who
roticot find profitable employment ou hi-* farm,
every dry tn the year, certainly tails to appreciate
the pcottbtlittesof hi* bittiness. Even the hoars ot
datknttf. uot resigned to necessary sleep, and tho
gloomyffiaj* of kuvnu and cold, may be dovou-.l to
reading and study. An hoar spent in reading a
E-v.i sgricnltural journal will furnish suggestions
vb.nb will employ many day* for their rraotio-U
Bl’pllntlon. hrery net- nborhood should have (ti
iaro.era’s club. There is nothing that teu i* more
t develop thought, encourage effort, aud eu»taiu
I :c .res* ic oeilculture. than the
IREK INTERCHANGE OT IDXA«,
r.’i ions of experience aud eugge*tlotis fvr future
in i orsment, in tho well regalated club meeting,
it conclusion, let mtf urge on eachindiv iual
fairer to redouble his efforts to produ -e au a i;m-
dh< • c and variety of food crops. Let his energies
li t iiidy directed to the aceuaplishmc.'.t of tin*
c r. • a* the c*cnt!ol aim and object of hla effort*.
If. n order to produce there objects of pricio ne-
itMtty which supply the natural wants of home
si d tazn..y. It becomes neceorary to forego tie cul-
tr ie of cotton entirely, do not hesitate to do so
II the cultivation of those crops that arc termed
"money crpps" (chiefiy because the? must be en-
verud Into money t, do not conflnt yourself to one
crop-cotton; do not pnt "aU your en% into on*
basket." This deportment has repeatedly callsd
yonr attention to tho p<ntt>UlC* of tobtcoo, broom
tree at, Atlanta. Ga.
P. 8. Mr. Mark W. Johnson is still with tho
house and gives his personal attention to the seed
department. Name this paper. wky lm
Bawlng Made Easy*
mBonzoumao mmixq
Hame this paper.
Five New Novels for 1ft Cents*
5 NEW NOVELS.
All complete J» tho ATRIL NUMBER of the
Family Library Monthly.
OnlrlB Cent* Of .11 newsdealers, or
nig INTERNATIONAL NKWd CO., N«rr Yorkf
K.me Ihto paper, wn
Kafir Corn.
milK MOST PBOFITARLE GRAIN AND FORAGE!
1 plant; matures well, planted late a* middle
June. Price, 11 per peck, per bushel. Peck
plants four to five acres. Apolv to
_ ,, ROBT. 0. WATKINS, Palmetto, Ga.
Name thi* taper. (hm&wky
SEED CORN.
i 8 GOOD AS THE ■ 12ST-RIPIK8 EARLYS
t Yields well and muses ihc finest tneaL Caro*
illy selected seed fl.fiO rx*r bu»h*l bagged.
BAM'l. iT.CABTW^lNitOO, 0*.
83 W. ICltchaU St., near Brood,
Manufacturer G.tti-Perchi Rollw Cow
. every day. Printer* and PRUfshera wfll
: to tfcetr ad ran tags to *e 0 «l their *rd*n diwet W
Si*, fiend for ClrcoUra and Price-LUt.
I
Part let tetahtng la atari m
nexttpaper at tmall coat, «
publUhrra who print their
paper alt at home, thouUl
correspond at oi.ee with tho
Atlanta Semapaper Union.
y
V l
tr Mi