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THE WEEKLY CONSTITTION. ATLANTA, GA. TUESDAY. AUGUST 16. 1887.
7
FARMS AND FARMERS.
Short Talks With Farmers, on
Farm Topics.
THE FARM AND QUESTION BOX.
fflllliiK Fodder—On© of the Perpetually Re*
earring Question* In Agriculture—
The Peach Rot, Etc.
Fulling Fodder.
, Should fodder be pulled ? This Is one of the
perpetually recurring questions in agriculture,
which it seems difficult to settle definitely.
The reason is, that sometimes pulling fodder
diminishes the yield of grain and sometimes it
does not. To understand this clearly, we must
look into the economy of the plant. Where
does the material which forms the grain come
from7 Take a stalk of corn, just as it be*
gfus to shoot Its ear. It is then about full
grown. Its stalk and leaves
then full of thoso constituents which
Abound in the grain afterward — such
nitrogenous matters, sugar starch, phosphates,
potash, etc. After the ear is fully formed and
matured, these substances are no longor found
In stalks and leaves in any quantity. The
latter dty up and lose their nutritive qualities.
8tock no longer eat them with relish. The
Shuck, which is nearest the grain, is the only
part which retains the qualities of forage.
What is the explanation? It is that as the
mods begin to form, the materials scattered
through all the parts of the plant, are gradu
ally transferred and located in the seed. The
latter are, as it were, the concentrated extract
«f the whole 'plant. But it is also
true that for some weeks—that is, from the
timo of shooting to the full development
of the ear, the plant may be still at work gath
ering crude materials from soil and air, and
elaborating them. These elaborated materials
may pass quite directly to the car, or may be
distributed to the stalk and leaves, replacing
that which is transferred from them to the
•eed. Now let us apply these facts to tho
matter of fodder pulling. If the soil is poor,
and especially if the weather is dry, it taxes
the plant to the utmost to get materials enough
to perfect its ear. All tho nutritious matter
diffused through its stalk and leaves, and all
that it can gather during earing time is needed
to mako the sded. Nono ean bo spared, and
when all is taken by the ear the plant cannot
nplsco it from the poor, dry soil. Hence, if
the blades are palled off before the seed aro
perfectly matured .something which would|have
gone into the seed is taken off with them. The
blades should bo left to give full opportunity
for all tho nutritions matter in them to bo
transferred to tho car, Hence wo conclude
that on poor soils the yield of grain is lossenod
by pulling the fodder,
Oh rich soils tho caso is different. Food
material being abundant in the soil, that
•transferred from the blades to tho car may be
promptly replaced from soil and air, hence
when the groin is fully perfected the blados
may still be charged with nutritious material
and may make therefore good fodder. The
drying up of corn blades is not from lack of
moisture, they are still in free communication
with the soil. The drying up is the result of
the transfer of materials and with this trans
it the part depleted dies. The tendency to dry
up begins with the lowest blados, thoso nearest
the ground from which the water is drawn.
The reason is that them are the oldest leaves,
have completed their work and give up their
Taluable contents soonest to other growing or
developing parts. The drying-up extends from
the bottom to tho top in the same order that
growth took place—that is, from the oldest to
tho youngest. When corn fires in dry weather
tho bottom leaves dry up, because the supply
of moisture and food from tho soli being out
abort, tho growing parts towards tho top of
plant roba the lower leaves of their nutritious
contents. On rich and damp soils, then, we
eonoludo that the grain maybe fully perfected
while the blades ore still green and fit for fodder,
and if the fodder is not pulled till this occurs,
no decrease in yield of grain results. Looking
then merely to yield of gram, pull fodder on
rich bottom lands, but do not strip the blades
on poor uplands. Whether it pays to pull
fodder at all, Is another question. It may be
cheaper-wo think it Is—to ralso forage crops
proper, such as drilled com, sorghum, millet,
clover, grass, etc. W. L. J.
FARSI QUESTION BOX.
Bay to 0. H. W., West Point, Go., that If he will,
for soma ten days, cleanse the blood of his mule by
Epsom salts, sassafras tea, eta, and then cutoff
warts where he can, or scarify them and anoint
them with equal parts of the oils of spike and
wormwood with a feather twice or three times .a
fiay, he will destroy the warts and they will not re
turn. . Mix tho oils, If ho can. It Is very severe,and
will require several leathers, as In a few uses the
feathers are burnt up, Anoint carefully.
W. II. Matthews,
Beauregard, Mias.
N.B. D., Conetoe. S. C.: Enclosed find head and
Ibu'e of grass. Pleaso inform what it Is. Stock eat
Atwell. Will it pay to cultivate Hi
Kot a true grass. It ia a species of plan
tain. Stock eat it well, bat it is not of muah
value, and regarded as a pest in meadows.
Yonan, Nacoochec, Ga.: I have a small piece of
ground containing between flfc and 2% acres from
Which I gat 48 bushels wheat this year Soon after
cutting the wheat I sowed six bu»hrlf peas on tbe
land, and they are n >w from twelve to fifteen inches
high, and just as thick ss they .can stand on the
ground. I want to sow wheat again this tail.
Wlun Is the best time to turn the peai under?
Green, or after th?y aro ripe?. I believe Mr. Fur-
m in contended that any kind of vcgetablo -matter
was better turned under after it was dead. 1 like to
•ow wheat about the 16th of September, and of
course tbe vices will bo giemthen. I propose to
turn the vlnee with a two-horse plow, sow wheat
and harrow In. How would it do to brush aud roll
Also? Ycur Ideas at length on the subject will be
highly appreciated.
Since wilting above 1 heard some farmers discuss
ing the fertllhUng qualities of tho pea vino and tbe
sag weed. One contended, that lu.d I not sown peas
on my wheat pitch, tbe rag wit Is that would have
come up, being a much more luxuriant growth (at
Jeast much taller) would hava been worth more to
land then pea \ 1 ic. Another said, It was the root,
jmd not the vine of tbe pea that possessed the pot
ash.
Can yoi give me tbe analysis of the pea vine, and
-the tag weed? 1 am anxious for your vlewa on tbe
preparation of whaat land, cowing, covering,
•mount per acre, etc. I am generally put about one
hnshel and three pecks to two bushels per acre. My
neighbors my that H la too much, but I generally
beat them In tbe yield.
Zh most cases It it besttodeter turning under
the vines nr til they are fully matured. So
•ays experience, and theory coincides, thus:
If turned under wben green and succulent
they decompose promptly aud generate
aitratea which aro liable to be leached out by
winter rains and lost. If grain la sown imme
diately on tbe heel of turning under the vines,
it will appropriate a port of these nitrates and
•eve them, but inatmuah as the fail growth of
grain is not great, it cannot appropriate a
Urge quantity; so that even In this case there
is liability of loss, if a large quantity
ct vines have been turned under. Again
wheat prefers a rather firm soil;
one tha* has been well broken and then set
tled by The immediate surface soil it
prefers looee. Now, wben a rank growth of
Vines are turned under, the soil Is necessarily
kept rather open. It is possible eUotbat a very
vapid fermentation might fill the soil with
more gaseoue matter then is healthy for the
poota of the crop.
On the other bend, pe*vii»es supply w largo
•mount of available nitrogen, which is •sus
tenance greatly needed by wheat, indeed fn*
4kpensible Jto its healthy growth. They ore
greatly superior in this respect to ragweeds,
The latter ore valuable, but decidedly inferior
topeavines. The vines ore not only rich in
nitrogen, but abound also in potash and phos-
pnates.
All parts of the peavinee are rich in plant food,
both stems, leaves and roots. We give below
an analysis of peavines; wo cannot place our
hands upon of ragweed just now.
As you propose to follow peas with wheat,
you cannot wait for the peas to mature—but it
is suggested that you defer the turning under
as late as possible, say to the first of Septem
ber, and not sow the wheat till th« W w
in the month. Follow the plow with a heavy
roller, then harrow once or more, as you may
judge any .good is done in putting the surface
soil in fine tilth, then sow seed, harrow and
roll again. By all means finish off by roll
ing. Tills will insnro the germination of seeds
not well covered. The only plan to get seed
covered uniformly deep is to drill it, and where
one is cultivating grain on a large scale, it
pays to buy a drill. The item of seed saved
will soon pay for it, as fully one-third less seed
is enough when drilled. Where seed are uni
formly distributed in sowing, and aro all cov
ered to a uniform and proper depth, one bushel
per acre is ample. In the usual careless
method of plowing in or harrowing in, a bushel
and a half may not be too much on rich land-
still less on poor. On rich land, such as yours
appears to be, and with tlie good
supply of nitrogen the vines will snpnly,
it would be well to apply with the seed
from one to two hundred pounds of phosphate
per aore.
Analysis of green pea vines when pods had
just begun to turn yellow.
Potash.. 14.80
Soda .mu T m. ,,, , ,, , 23.19
Magnesia j 6.74
Lime . 22.57
Phosphoric acid... 9.28
Sulphuric acid......... 2.35
Silica 1.08
Chlorine 0.19
Carbonic acid 19.70
100.00
The amount of vines which would furnish
above quantity of ash (100 pounds) would con
tain 17.5 pounds of ammonia. The largo
amount of soda is due to the plants being grown
on a soil rich in soda and rather deficient in
potash. Soda con, to some extent, take the
place of potash.
T. P. R., Oconee, Ga.—Can I make rnta-baga tur
nips on Red River swamp land? My crop Is destroy
ed by water, but I don’t think the water will cover
it again this season.
If the land is not too stiff and yon can get it
into firm tilth in time to get a stand of turnips
by the last of August, wo soo no reason why
you should not succeed in raising a crop,
would be well to drill tlieseod on low, flat bed,
and to put some phosphate directly under and
near the seed, to start the plants off strong
and thrifty.
J. A. P., Smith's Mills, Ga: 1.1 have an acre of
land with red clay subsoil that is now sowed In
peas. Would like to sow in small grain to mako
grazing lots for coin, what would bo best to sow and
at what time?
2. Does tho Norman horse crossed with tho com
mon farm stock of this state do well in this climate?
1. If tho land Is excessively rich sow it in
barley. If only moderately rich, sow in rye.
From the first to tho twentioth of September
is proper time to sow.
3. Hardly tested enough yet to decide, but
there is no good reason apparent why the
cross named should not thrive at the south.
To get best results, breed to spirited, well-
made mares.
8. C. P., Pleasant Bill, Ga: Our club will discuss,
Shall we clear up our woods or improve our old
lands?" Will you please give us a few thoughts on
it Wc meet second Saturday in each month. Our
lands are red and hilly. Oak, hickory and young
pine and poplar are the principal timbers.
Our community are authored on terracing and
have been for several yean. I think we ought to
encourage the setting of berrauda gnus.
Should always select tho old land In prefer
ence to clearing original forest. Tho labor
spent in clearing and bringing into cultivation,
the loss of labor in cultivation from stoppages
in plowing on account of roots and stamps, tho
increased trouble in hoeing from samo obsta
cles—if the cost of thoso be expended in ter
racing, filling in washes, hauling leaves on
poor spots, and the purchase of ash element tor
growing peas upon the old lands, theywonld
soon equal the fresh land in productiveness—
whilst tho freedom from stumps and other
obstructions, allowing the use of reapers, mow
ers and other labor-saving implements would
give the old lands greatly tho advantage over
the new.
H. JJ. J„ Mllltown, Ala: I have 203aersi of land
near my house that 1 wish to put In grass for
grazing purposes. The land has a good clay and
will yield some 800 pounds s<yd cotton per acre. I
had thought of sowing It In blue, orchard, and tall
meadow oat grasses mixed. Can you make me a
better suggestion for land In this section? As I nm
entirely unacquainted with the grosses, will have to
rely upon your Judgment. The land Is now in
cotton. Will It do to sow this fall, after I get the
cotton off, or best wait till spring? I’lcaso state the
quantity of each variety of seed you recommend
per acre, and best fertilizers.
The grasses you nsuuo are three of tho best
adapted to our climate and other conditions.
If yon will prepare tbo land thoroughly, get in
very fine tilth and manure it well, you will bo
apt to succeed. But to bo sure of success you
must manure heavily—say SO two-horse wagon
•loads of stable manure, 200 pounds of phos
phate, 200 pounds of kalnft and 200 pounds of
cotton seed meal per acre. Apply these aftor
the land is. plowed and harrow them in
thoroughly.
Cotton will come off too lato to sow seed this
fall. Wait till last of February, or early in
March. Bow two bushels each of orchard and
tall oats, and ono bushel of blue grass per acre.
Harrow in lightly and then roll.
J. EG., Benevolence.Ga.: I have a very fine young
male, with what looks like a wort on tho taco ju>t
above the nostril, on the bone. It protrudes about
the size of the end of your thumb, and is very much
inflamed, bleeding freely wben hurt. Can you tell
me what will remove it? It has been several months
since it ina le its appearanco.
If it is a true wart—that is, an abnormal de
velopment of the skin—it may be cured by
one of the several remedies for warts given re
cently in Tux Constitution. In this Irene
caustic potash (hall potash) is recommended,
and that is good. Touching with nitric acid
will usually destroy a wart, and an ointment
of ono drachm of arsenlo to four of lard is also
excellent. If the tnmor is a growth from tho
bone—os your languago rather implies—it may
be cancerous and incurable, of tbe samo nature
as "bigbead."
W. R. M., Barncsrille, Ga.: A neighbor of mine,
quite a po>r man, ha* a good mule or extra life and
qualities, the only animal bo b is, with which he
has to do all his work, is very badly afflicted with
warts, from the size of a silver quarter to as large
os the palm of tbe band. They are raw, and pro
trude, and when they come on any part, where tba
gear work', arc veiy troublesome. He has tried vn-
jlm* remidii*. *uch a* Milestone, butter of antimo
ny, arsenic aud lord, etc., frequently cures up one,
but others will come a* fa k t, and all the time has a
quantity on her, frequently bleeding, and disagree
able and .apparently painful to the mule. They
come out in pretrudons, then become raw, etc.,
from end of ean, bur of ears, »Mo of legs, neck, be
hind fore legs, in i:a iks, it:. the it a good mule
ami he b a i*r>r nmu. Ifyo'j ran and wi.l giro a
remedy tin t u Hi cure •'Actually it will not only
benefit this poor nun, but will no doubt benefit
others.
Bee the various remedies for removing warts
in this aiid previous numbers of The Consti
tution. To prevent the reappearance of oth
ers, or to correct the tendency in the skin to
develop warts, give arsenic in five grain doses
once a day for two weeks, then atop one, and .
give again for two weeks, *c. Mix tbe arsenic
with cut hay mixed with bran, so it may not
touch the walla of the stomach in too concen
trated condition. Please report if successful.
W. F. P., Elder, Ga.: Thanking you for your reply
to my letter of inquiry about the sowing of wheat,
I would now like to ask a few questions about sow
ing rye, clover, and other fall crops.
1. How early may rye be town without danger of
being killed by hot sun or of heading before cold
weather?
2. When should clover be sown? What would be
the best manure for laud that will have to be heav
ily manured? Would ashes do? The loud la now In
peas.
* 3. What advantage is there In cutting corn (as Is
done in Kentucky)!lnstcad of pulling the fodder?
Will the corn be better? Will the work be more ex
pensive?
1. Time vanes with latitude and elevation,
In middle Georgia it is not safe to sow ryo be
fore the 1st of September. On very rich land
it may sometimes head out if sown thin, but it
such a catastrophe threatens it may be mowed
or grazed.
2. Sow as early in September as tbe weather
permits, that is if land is prepared and soli
moist. If possible broadcast thirty wagou
loads of stable manure per acre, and mix it
thoroughly with the soil. After this thirty to
fifty bushels of ashes per acre would
be very desirable. In tho absence of ashes
apply 300 pounds of kalnlt and
one hundred pounds each of plaster and phos
phate per acre.
3. The objoct of cutting down the whole
stalk of com is two-fold. 1st. To remove tho
com and prepare the land for grain. 2. To
save stalks as well os blados for forage. The
grain is no better, but more long forage is se
cured at rather leu cost. When ono under
stands and does tho work properly it is cheaper
than pulling -fodder.
J. L., Ornngo Home, Fla.—A gentleman told me
that he used to, when a boy, sell a weed that grows
here called vermiftige. Is there any market for it
now? Jt/b, pleaso inform mo where.
Quito a number of weeds are vermifuges—
do not know which ono you allude to or what
tho demand. Pinkroot and Jerusalem oak aro
both excellent vermifuges. Tho roots of the
former and the oil distilled from the latter
would both doubtless meet with ready sale in
New York or Philadelphia. f
Saxdcts Stork, N. C.—I am preparing to sow two
acres in lucerne this fall ou land that]!* candy, par
ous, high, dry, aud that will rroduce twenty
bushels com per acre. I want to know which is tho
best, to sow In drills or broadcast; and wlmt Is tho
bcf. manure to fertilize same? Our lands prcdtico
an abundance of crab grass which begins to spring
up tho first of 3Iay. Would the. lueerao broadcast
be able to smother and keep it down if sowed In tbo
fall? In there any special preparation of tho land
necessary beyond nicely pulverizing
tho tolJS and making it smooth?
Will It do to cut tho first season? and if
■o, how closo to the ground? I have been reading
everything on the subject I could find, and though
lam very much Impressed with the results, etc., I
am Ignorant of the best method of preparing land,
sowing, etc. Please give me frill particulars.
Whether lucerne should bo sown in drills or
broadcast, depend upon two things, the clean
ness of tho land and tho richness of tho soil.
If the land is free from foul growth and Is ex
cessively rich, it may be sown broadcast in
autumn. If these conditions do not prevail
and the sowing bo made in the spring, drilling
is preferable. The whole object of drilling is
to hoc it and keep weeds and grass—particu
larly crab grass—from smothering it before it
is firmly established. On such land as yours
drilling is advisable. Break the land deeply
and thoroughly and Incorporate manure
with it for some depth. Broad
cast first a heavy dressing of stable manure
as a foundation. Flow in well. Then broad
cast four hundred pounds of kalnlt, two hun
dred pounds of phosphates and three hundred
ponnds of cotton seed-meal and work them
into the soil. The usual precautions of rolling
and firming tho soil after tlio seed
sown are quite essential to
securing a good stand from autumn sowings.
Should always sow lucerne in autumn if the
ground is wet enough in September to start the
crop. If sown in autamn and the ground is
very rich, a very good cutting may bo bad the
next year. It may be cut within two inches
of the ground.
A. J. C—luka. Miss.:' L Mease tell ns the cause
of nut on cotton; also, a remedy that will cbeoklt,
2.1 have somo fine peanut vines. They are dying
and on examination 1 find the roots full of wood
lice. What Is the cause of their dying? If the lice
ore killing them what will destroy the lice?
1. A hard question to answer. The best
preventives are, filling the soil with liumus
and tho use of potassio manures. Kainit hot
been used with somo success on land where
cotton nuts.
2. It is probable that the plants were some
what unhealthy bofore the lice attacked the
roots, but they have increased the trouble. Tho
caso is a hopeless one. Substances that would
kill the llco would destroy the plants, or else
cost more than the crop was worth.
K. R. F., Fosteris Store, Chattooga County, Ga.—
I have a considerable amount of clover sod that 1
am now turning with Oliver chill and Avery’s sulky
plows. The ground Is In fine order lor plowing;
shall eontlnuo until i get done, provided It keeps
seasonable. I want to sow this land lu wheat. 1
am having lime burned to sow on the land after
plowing. I have a Disk barrow that I propose to
run over the land as aoon as the lime is sown and
again about the 20th of September, when I will com
mence sowing wheat and continue sowing until I
1 get dime. 1 commenced tumiug my land last of
July, become I wanted to sow a large crop and
feared the ground would get bard before 1 got done
plowing. D;d I do right? le the lime worth any
thing as a fertilizer and how many bushels ought I
put on the aero? Will it jay me to buy adrill tosow
•cventy-livo acres?
It would have been better to have begun
turning the land later, aud not exposed it to
the hot sun; but it could not bo avoided undor
the circumstances. Your plan of preparation
is good; but would be improved by rolling,
after plowing and before harrowing. Apply
ing lime to land in largo quantity is of ques
tionable value. If the soil is wanting in that
substance, moderate applications would do
good; but ground limestone or marl are prefer
able to burnt lime. Tho latter is too caustic
and stimulating for our climate. 8hould not
advise more than five or six bushels of it per
acre. Of ground limo or marl 40 or CO
bushels.
Subwribcr, Lowndes county, Ala.: 1. My peach
trees bear very fine fruit, but it rots before it ripens.
What must I do to correct this?
2. What la best manure for peaeb trees and grap
vines?
3. My well Is a new or.e, bat gives me smoky,
muddy water. Jtb** black praise mud lx/tom.
Whet must 1 do to clear it? Can you or any one else
tell me?
4. I have a fine cow which de* not give milk out
of one of her teats. 8hc has been this way with
two or three calves. Can anyone tell me how to
restore this teat?.
5. Will ootton seed meal aud corn n.e 1 fatten
bog*. What proportion?
1. The peach rot, like grape rot, fa produced
by a fnngus, and Uke the latter, may le pre
vented by putting a bag around the (teach soon
after the bloom drops off—or by dieting the
fruit with sulphur, beginning when it is quite
young, and applying at intervals two or three
time* afterwards. Whether it would pay to
resort to these expedients is another question.
Some varieties of (teaches are much mere sub
ject to rot than others. The Hale and all Its
offspring, like the Alexander and other early
peaches, are peculiarly subject to rot.
2. Potash manures In connection wuth cow
manure or woods earth.
3. Try addition of • livle lime. Alum
might do, but is itself objectionable. Can
those who have been troubled in simitar man
ner suggest something better?
4. Sometimes tire duct that conveys the
milk through the tent is too small for its pas
sage. In such cases it might be stretched by
inserting successively larger amllarger tubes,
bnt if that portion of tho bag which connects
with the teat be solidified by inflamatiou, there
is no remedy.
5. Ilavo no actual experience on this point.
Has any rentier? From tho concentrated na
ture of cotton seed meal it should be fed very
sparingly. Not more, we should judge, than
one to three of corn meal.
C. J. W , Flat Rock, Ga.: O. II. W. asks how to
cure warts on iuuio*. I bod a young male Hooted
with a wart under the fbro leg which was constantly
Irritated by the girth, and it kept getting larger.
She also had one In her ear. I tried various remedies
without avail until some one suggested ball potash.
I found it a certain and speedy cure. First, Irritato
the wart till it bleeds, then apply the solution of
potash. It will do to dissolve It in water or dip tho
ball In water and rub on it One application cured
mine, and the warts have never returned.
When do you cut tobacco, And how Is it managed?
Will some ono with experience please give
information about tobacco?
Huntersville, b. O., August 8th, 1887.—1st. What
Is yonr opinion In regard to the use of a grain drill.
Do you,think the yield will be lncreaaed,by the useof
it under the same circumstances that Is compared to
grain sown broadcast by hand or machine. Ever)’*
thing else being squat in both cases?
2d. Also, please tell me where I can get the red
rust-proof oats, that have boeu grown from seed
sown in the fall fora number of years. Would to
get some aece of that variety, grown In Middle Geor
gia- J.T.8.
1. We think It would, because the seed
may be covered vory uniformly at tho proper
depth by the drill, and becauso tho plant is
better protected from cold and less liable to be
heaved by frost when planted in a drill.
2. Cannot foil you. Doubtful if it could
bo had at all, as the crop of winter oats has
been thoroughly killed ont for some years.
W. H. II., Yorkvllle, 8. C.: 1. Would you advise
plowing in oats this and next month, if
season permits, with shovel plows or first
turn land alter manure has gone on? Then
harrow down with La Dow harrow, lay off
and sow? I have loft two fall sowings and want to
do something if I can to avoid losing so much seed
In sowing, as It were, two crops, fall and spring,
generally tnm land with Niles’s No. 5 plow or Ro
land’s No. 3 D, harrow down, lay off and sow after
12 to 14 acres of good land was turned. I think the
and got too dry.
2, Would you advise working land Jn cotton to
kill out bluo bottle?, a little plant that has got in U
and keeps green all winter.
1. You do not speAk of losing your oata from
cold, which has been the sourco of destruction
to fall oata generally, eo guard agninafe it.
The simplest and best plan, though not always
effective, is to break, roll and lmrrow land;
then rnn shovel furrows just far enough apart
for one not to fill that adjacent to it; sow seed
and manure broadcast and then brush in a
cross furrow. Run furrow from southwest to
northeast. To avoid tho effects of dry weather
in fall, roll the land immediately aftor coveiv
ing tho seed, and do not sow before tho first of
September. If the roller follows immediately
after tho brenktng plow, tho soil will dry off
less rapidly also. Tho plan of turning and then
harrowing is good, except the rollor ought
to intervene between tho plow and harrow,
and as said before, follow also tho covering of
the seed.
2. Tho "blue bottlo” Is a bulbous rooted
plant and propagates by forming new bulba
underground every year. It is probable that
the continued culture that cotton necessitates
would destroy it.
LETTERS FROM THE PEOPLE.
DOWN THE TRESTLE.
Dr. Brlgga and tlie Galveston Newt.
The editorial paragraph in yonr-yesterday’s
Coxititution, entitled, "An Artfttl Dodger,” docs
Rev. G. W. Briggs, editor of tho Texts Christian Ad
vocate, very great injustice. While In Texas I read
,the charge mode by the Galveston News, tho answer
.0 fiats who believe In Mr. Brines, the editor of
their church paper. A JBI am rare that (he more
than one hundred thousand men who voted prohi
bition August 4th will feci that Tine Coxstitltiox
has done a good man injustice. Having road the
whole discussion between tho two editors at the
time in Texas, I am sure that Mr. Briggs never said
what certain words worn construed to mean, and
that he never did or uld anytning that deserved a
charge of falsehood, if Tint Constitution had rend
tho wholo discussion, I kuow it would have been
more carcfriL Allow mo to add, if what tome anti-
prohibition papers in Texas say Is true,there are few
preachers left In that state worthy of any man’s re
spect or confidence. Very respsotfolljr,^
Oxford, Ga., August 9th, 1887.
The First Dead Confederate.
Editors Constitution: For tho benefit of
your correspondent, "M. V. K.” I will state that
eotton Is often opening In tho neighborhood of
Griffin in tho month of August, and while he thinks
that old man Plunkett is Inrorrect as to tho rasttcr
of the (list confederate soldier bnried on Georgia
soil, himself falls to giro any dates as to tho burial
of his friend at Brunswick. The "Frank” spoken of
by Hunkctt, was Mr. R, F. Fmlth, member of tho
Griflln Light Guards, and I think that history will
sustain old man Blanket in hisasscrtlon of "Frank"
being the first confederate soldier buried In Georgia.
I do not know tbe dates, bnt can get them hereaf
ter. Lot "M. V. E." give dates.
Respectfully, Barge.
“The Capture of Atlanta."
Atlanta, Ga., August 13, 1837.—Editors
Constitution: My attention bss teen called to an
editorial upon "Tho Capture of Atlanta,"which was
In your Loom of Aujuxt 8, wherein, after a short ref
erence to General Joseph E. Johnston’s article in
tire August Century, aud some remarks about tbe
state of attain during the siege of Atlanta, you say:
"The rapture of tho place was inevitable under
the conditions prevalfina at the time, and no stiat-
egy on tbe part of tbe exhausted confederacy oould
have changed this condition."
I have for some time been collecting data, based
on official communications, etc., for an article
upon tills very point, in which 1 believe it can be
absolutely demonstrated that had General Johnston
been left In command of tLo confederate army, or
had bis policy been carried out by his successor, it
would hare been beyond the power of Sherman or
any other federal general to have captured the city.
Atlanta was a stronger point for military defence
than any place between Chattanooga and Atlanta.
Hherman’smovement of his right flank, which dis
lodged Johnston from all theposltions between Dal
ton and Atlanta, and which you think would have
caused the fell of Atlanta, could not have been re
peated at Atlanta with the success which attended
It at Knake Creek Gappy’s fairy,New Hope church
oudsouth of Kenncaaw mounts In. Uecaua.*,while his
army wot north of Atlanta, Jobnxm had only ono
line of communication with the rest of tbe con-
In fact, that It would have been Impossible, If
Johnston's policy bad been carried out, is proven by
the fact that after Hood had hurled the oon.'e lento
anny against the fulcra! entrenchment before At
lanta three time*, meeting defeat every time. Hher-
man still, with the confederate army weakened and
discouraged by defeat*, never dared to detach any
number of his force fur a right flank movuneut
toward Macon.
Furthermore, accordia
testimony In his book, — — —
United States govenuce it were amounting to such
enormous proportions that if the strusglo could
have been prolonged as much «* one year more the
north would have teen exhausted and become tired
of tire contest end agreed to a separation.
f will take pleasure at some future day fn giving
y« u v>mc Information t:p>n tho subject of Johnston's
evident 11 ms for the defend of Atlanta and iho
condition-* which would have attended them, which
1 think will <:smou»irittu conclusively that that
FItKAtff* OF THE MEHTXING.
On Thursdav last lightning struck the resi
dence of Mr. J. C. Dozlqr, about two miles
from Bamcsviile, and came near doing some
serious damage. One of his children was very
severely shocked, and for a time it was Uwught
would result In death.
Daring a thunder storm In Jesup, a bolt
of lightning descended sud - struck it.
E. Walkers kitchen, setting fire to
it. The flames did - but slight dam
age. Two negro boys who were in the
kitchen at the ume were knocked sensei—if or
a minute or two. One of them was thrown
under tbe stove. Otherwise no one was in
jured.
The Cincinnati ami Jacksonville Express
Turns Over.
Albany, Ga., August 12.—{Special.]—Al*
bany has never been so unfortunate as to wit
ness an accident more appalling or horrible
than the ono which occurred within its confines
last night. It was ono which sent torror to the
hearts of all who raw it, and brought home .to
them the dreadful realization of how sudden
and unexpected is tlie step from safety to dan
ger, from life to death.
Tin: through express from Cincinnati to
Jacksonville arrived in Albany tat night on
schedule timo. As usual, the crows were
changed, and at about a quarter past ten the
train pulled out from tho Central depot, on the
way to its destination. The train consialed of
a baggage car, one secoud class coach, oue first
class coach and a Mann Boudoir sleeper, the
"II Domino." A good nnmber of passengers
were on board, and when tho start was made
llttlo did they dream that in a few short min
utes they would bo hurled.
into tub vrry jaws ok dratk.
The train had made tho necessary switch
ing, and had started across the Bruns
wick and Western bridge, which spans
tho Flint river, when, at a .dis
tance of fifty or sixty foot from tho trestle,
tho sleeper, from somo cause, jumped the track.
When this fact was ascertained tho air brakes
were applied, but when the train onme to a
halt, its wholo length was on the trestlo, which
was from
TEN TO TWRNTT. FKNT MOW.
A stop was no sooner made than the sleeper
fell from the track to tho ground below, land
ing on its side. In rapid succession tho other
three cars followed, ono falling partly ort its
side, tho other two being completely reversed
and striking on their tops. Tho coupling to
tho engine broke, thus saving It from being
carried down with tho rest of the train. News
of tho direful catastrophe
si ni:a v Titnouoit tub town
like wildfire. The fire alarm was sounded
vigorously, and in a short time a largo crowd
had gathered at tho place of tho wreck, where
a scene, which beggars description, was pre
sented to tho eye. There, in Indiscriminate
confusion, lay the demolished can and buried
in the nuus of ruins were the unfortunate pas
sengers, whose distressing groans and cries
but added
horror to a calami**,
so awful and disastrous. Tho work of extri
cating the sufferers from tho wreck was im
mediately begun, and as they were brought
out from undor the debris and laid upon im
provised conches, somo of thorn nearly insonsl-,
bio, others writhing In throes of agony which
they endured, the hearts of the most hardoned
were moved with pity. The sleeper being
■tout and strong was not badly injured, bnt
tlie other cars were completely demolished,
being
SMASHED BY THE FALL
into a mass of splinters. It Is a miraclo that
its load of human freight was not killed in the
smash, bat fortunately no deaths are to l>e
recorded. Tho injuries received by some,how
ever, aro extremely torero, and may result
more seriously than is expected. Below is
A LIST or TUOSR HURT,
with a description of their wounds:
MRS. J. U. WATSON, Baton Rouge, La., contu
sion of shoulders and hip; ssvero but not serious.
BELLWOGD EMMETT, Chicago, lacerated leg
and thigh, with other palufril wounds.
MARK VKRDERY, Augusta, conductor, polnfrd
though not dangerous internal bruises and in
juries.
C. W. McCR ANIE, Tjr Tjr, maxhed thumb and little
finger.
Mrs. A. C. TARKER, Massacre, Fla., contusion of
face, right arm and kuce.
J; 8. TULIJ9, Hoboken, contused wound In neck.
DR. A. L. 8IKE8, Sumter, serious contusion of
face and leg,
IL J. 1IA.MM0SB, IV ay, a mlMof rJ.-lit liiuid
ipnUncd.
O. ItODGKJM ,A0.nl., Mplao wid l.aml Injured,
though not very wrtotuljr.
UKOItUK r. SMITH, Clcvel.nd, Oliln.aco gwhnl.
L, L. WILSON, hagpngo mutter, boo and head
looMbommuaculara.tmhmont Oerovical rcrtlbral
THE CRIMINAL WORLD.
The Dark Side of Life ae Un
folded During the Week.
A MURDERER’S PR0P0SITI0NTO A GUARD
PitTKRsncRO, Va., August 12.—HolmeaFun
year, convicted of murdering hla wife, by
poison, In Dinwiddle county about two yoarg
»»o,—as hanged at P.iuce George conrthouM
at 2:16 o'clock tlila afternoon. Putjecr wad
handouffed, t*cauno ho had manifested aioj
elded Inclination to effect an oaoap*. He.liact
not alept o mlnuto, and about midnight hd
proposed to Willlama, hls death watch, that lid
should become a petty tolib escape. }Io said,
to Willlama: “l oould have klUad you £atnr.
day night, dor there wore two as good pistol*
convenient to mcat any man could want; bn*
T llko rnu, and did not attempt It. Now, ii
you will juat mako an arrangement .with thd
other guard to leave the outer door to dieJ
that 1 can get out, I will lock you in this roour
. .no preposition, «uu
handonlfad Ptuyear. Tlie tliorlff of Trincd
George county had arranged to start for.that
county with hit prisoner at 7 o’clock, huf
shortly boforo that hour Turycar attempted
sulcldo by cutting hit throat and arm with ■
steel,hoe-thank, whlch'he had sharpened. Hd
madoahad-gath In hla throat, bnt physician
ANDllKW WEBB, Atlanta, alight contusion of
right hip.
JAMBS DUDhKY, Ochlooknoe, hip and hack
sprained,
OUS HKNMB30N, OcJilocknce, shoulder blade
Tbe negroes wounded are ,s follows:
BOB THOMAS, Ocblocknee, contusion of bet and
JAMBS TIIOHAS, Ochlockncc, contusion of scalp
and concussion of brain.
ALKX. MrUUVyiE, alight contusion or right
chest and le.'t hip.
TIIO& W21,LIAMS, contusion of face and savers
BOBER COOPER, train hand, dislocation of right
shoulder.
Boveral of tha passengers aacaped with llttlo
or no hurts, bnt ware badly Jostled by tlio fall.
Tint MOST MIRACULOUS jtscArs
of all was that of WHaon, the baggage master.
Ilia oar was matliod almost flat, and It seems
Inercdihlo that he should havo escaped with bit
Ufa. Captain Mark Venlery, tho conductor,
wis In tho baggage car at tho time of the acci
dent. Ilcalltlng that bit train was tailing from
the traatle, lie made a leap to tho ground on
tho opposite aide, a dlstanco of more than
twenty foot. Ho fell parity on hla able and
sustained tome painful though not dangerous
Internal Injuries. Despite tho Intenso pain
whloh he endured, he arose aud proceeding to
the wreck,
ilulpkd two x canons
from the twins, but won beenmeoxheusted end
wee taken to tbe hotel, where medical aaalst-
nnco was given lilm. The tuff cram have re
ceived every pceelble attention from tlie peopl*
of Albany, and onr physicians have been unre
mitting In their work of alleviating their anf-
forlngs. Several of the wonndad were able to
coxTixca main jounsrare today,
whilst the othore are yet too unwell to attempt
a move. The negroee teem to have fared worse
In tbe wreck than did tlie whites, at their
wounds are more serious and painful. Had tlio
accident occurred a week ago tlio result would
have been more disastrous, as tho place whero
the train fell was covered at that' time with
four or five feet of water, by reason of tho un
precedented plae of the river.
Caused by Thought,
From tb. Arkamaw Traveler.
"Your hair ia much tblnnar than it waa
whan I last met you,” add a nun, addiasdng an
scausintance.
"Yes, considerable of It came out."
"Ho»r do you account for it?"
"TlbougbL"
"Wlmt I You don't mean to say that thinking
caused it to eocoe out r*
"Yet."
"That goes to prove that baldness le often ranted
by mental work. I bare for some Ume been tbiuk*
ingof pr»(«rinf an article on that subject, end 1
would like for you to give me your expetenee."
"Well, 1 nm do to In a few word*, gevetal weeks
a«o 1 wee talking ton fellow named Jackson. We
were engaged in a depute concerning the settle
ment of a debt, and directly after tbtnktng of some
thin! my hair began to fall out."
•I don’t understand It"
‘1 do. J raid what I thought end he reached alter
found that Ihiryear bad lost so much blood thai
tho snnrcons suggested that if tho sheriff did
not wish the prisoner to die before hanging hs
had better proceed promptly, Tho prisoner
wascnrrlod uponihe scaffold in aehatr. Hf
made a rambling statement, but no confession.
He was supported by three men to have tho
rope adjusted. His death was by strangula
tion. It is believed ho fainted at the lasf
moment.
ns Chanted the Gallows.
iuis, Augusts.-
dorer of Samuel ICehn, ....
dor sentence to bo hanged Friday, August 12, 1
committed suicide In his cell last night by.
cutting an artery of his left arm above tlio eu
bow. It appears that after cuttinghis arm, ho
wrapped a towel around it, allowing ono tend
to rest In a bucket in bis cell, that tho drip-;
ping of blood might not attract attentlonr
When his coll was visited at five o’dloak this
morning lie was dsad. 'Pagrles killed Samuel
Kolra Novomber 10,1883, because tho latter,
who was a salesman for .a rival tannery]
secured somo of Fagales's trade. Tho care
after passing through all the state courts ’waS;
appealed to Justioo Horton and again last Sat*
unlay to Justice Miller fora writ of error.
It was dontod In each case, and Pageles cs'*
coped'the gallows by suicide.
Attempted Assassination. 4
MtLLRDORVflLV, Ga., August 12.—[Special.]
A dastardly attempt was mado to assassinate
Dr. W. T. Lockhart, as he was returning to
his home near this city, last .night. Two uuV
known men met him near Fishing creok ami
knocked him down ( and cut his throat, male*
ing.a vory ugly wound across hla ear and douril
the side of Iris neck.
Mr. Golden was attracted to tl(0 scene by
tho scuffling, and his presenoe scared tho 'des
peradoes from their dovilith work. Dr. Lockf
hart was brought back to this city, and th&
wound was dressed by Dr. Mooro.
There is no cluo to the perpetrators, and no
reason can bo assigned for tho attack. Dr.
Lockhart's wounds are not dangerous, and h<f
is now resting easily.
A Daughter's Dark Deed.
La.whk.nck, Kan., August 0.—Last Satur
day Mrs.Maty Kawlinson, aged soventy-one,
anlvod In Oswego from Augusta, Kan.,Intend*,
incr to reside with her ilAUghtor, Mre. Harvey
Willis. After a day nr two tho old lady quar
reled with her daughter, who wanted to got
possession of hor mother's money,of which sho
possessed a conaldoralilo amount. .Monday
morning tho two women had a disgracelul
quarrel, In which 3lra. Willis grabbed hor
mother by tlio hair, threw her violently to tho
floor and l>cnt and Jclekod hor until aha Iwaiino
nnroiifidoiis. In a few hours tho injured wo
man fill'd from tho oflerts of her injuries, .She
tiled white dictating a will to exclu^o her uu^
natural daughter from receiving any of Lev
property. Mrs. Willis was arrested.
Tlio Gallows Gets in Its Work.
Solomon Conyers, colored, was hanged !
jail at Hampton today nt 11:43 a. in., for thd
murdor of Jordan Itoblnsnn, also colored. Thd
condomned man was somewhat agitated when
first taken from hla coll, and tours ran dow/^
hMcheeks.iiA ho said that ho had nindo his pcaco
with Qod and was ready to dlo. Ho ackuowlt
edged that ho had waylaid his victim, nmf
his coni(»osuro
trap and did n
paraphernalia
TELEGRAPH BREVITIES.
j, mar WllkeoLum?, Hu, aboutadoseu
men were wounded.
The roof of ( hark ton’d opens house fn SpvinafleM,
J J J., fell ynttnlay afteroo m, utnflng a base mass
of debri* Into tho center of tha building, Tne acci
dent wm canoed by the heat shrinking tbe timbers.
Xo one was hurt.
Sick Headache. Thousand* who have suf
fered Intensely with sick headache sey that
Hood's Hertsporille has completely cured
them. One gentleman thus rel eved, writes:
"Hood's Sarasperilte Is worth its weight in
gold." Sold by all druggists. 10U doses if 1.
mounted the
flinch whllo tlio
doatli was being arV
n. . Upon a .slgni
from the sheriff tho trap was sprung, and 1/0114
yers’s body shot down six fact. His neck wad
broken, and he died almost instantly, hid
struggles being nlmost imperceptible. Th»
execution was private.
Fred Hopt fsliot to Death.
Balt Lakb, August 11.—Fred Hopt alia* 1
"Welcome," was shot to death in tho yard ol
tho penitentiary, four miles from thiihcUy, to
day. Tbo firing party consisted of flvo men
with rifles. Dr.JlfamIlton pinned a rosette ovei
IIopt'd heart, told him to bo firm, look utratgM
nt tho guns and death would come quickly]
1 fo Would not bo mutilated, If hodld not flinclq
mdemned man showed tho utmost firm*
This easels remarkable for two reasons. [
Tho murder for which Ifont was executed-wn«
0110 of almost unexampled atrocity and bold
ness, and was proven ou tho first trial beyond
tlio possibility of doubt. Tho man had been a
hardened criminal previous to this murder one
was fresh from jail, and was not a man ol
means. Yet his lawyers appealed to the United I
States supremo court four times on technical!*
ties relating to court proceedings or the con
struction of Inw. Three times a new trial waa
ordered, but tho fourth timo tlioapgcal waif
ffismisMd. Thoso proceedings have cost thri
United States government many thousand
dollars. *
O. V. Ayers Will Spend an Enforced l , erio4
In UrorKfH.
Athens, Ga., August 12.—[Special.]—G. Vi
Ayers, of Indiana, and lately connected wills
the burglssY *" *" “ “■
Harmony Gr_
Imprisonment
judge, asking
till. WM 111. D .
dragged Into It by nm*n named Howard. HA
•ays that ho camo from Indiana to Atlanta Id
work a. . .tencJI cutter and that ho got In lritlf
Howard, who told him that hd
wm coming to Athnm to Hart a
foundry, and offered Aycra work
M long u ho wanted It, After coming to
Athena, bo told Aycra Unit they could lunko
moto by cracking wfu, and an Ayora wa. ou,
of money he contented to go Into tlio hmdncwi,
and got caught an tho tint attempt. Ho ray.
that tlio new. of hla eriino killed hi. father,*
and that romo of his friend, raked money Id
Mad him, bnt wben his father died they
noad tlio money to pay tho funeral expense.
Avert look, a llttlo |»ic and tldn on account
of hla long stay In jail. He has a very good
loco and a tolerably good education. A urea,
many of the people at Harr,any drove think
b. ought to gat tb. fall ben*nt ol tho law nnd
sent up for twenty yean.
The Itrllhih Flag in North Carolina.
Raleigh Utter to U» Richmond DfcpoMk
. A latter received hero to-day front nendor-
•on county lelu of on Incident which hM u on kep,
C : bo tar. In that coonty there IsawtU.mwitof
lab people recently ftnu<kd. Queen Victoria'.
Jobtle* wm etoerved by tbla colony with sport, ami
gome, of variotM kind,. A British flag Wes l.ol,ted
1 vry angry by tbo <
•os. "They held a c6.fcr.lie. da tkhlo^leetj
•obUerorth.waroflshruM the flag ought to
of Hi.
,t once won: to tb.
.. plainly that the"
lu lotto low* rot. Tbo hn-luh col
dlgosnt, ami nld tbtjr mist so
would take ths Bag down after the jubfiec was over.
Tbs old veteran, who wss the spoksouan of tha
Americana, persisted in hla demand that the fl~
vrntehol cexl icon.ici and found that lie fits h*«