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THE WEEKLY CONSTITUTION. ATLANTA. GA.. TUESDAY AUGUST 23, 1887.
FARMS AND FARMERS.
.Short Talks by Farmers Upon
Farm Topics.
THE FARM AND QUESTION BOX-
Grubbing and Clearing Land, Etc.
Many old field# are iufeeted with uoatran
persimmon and bamboo briars. It Is quite
common In autumn for farmers to go over
their farms and grub these np. They cut them
off two or threo Inches below tho surface, and
usually new shoots appear abovo gronnd In a
short time? They are not killed but continue
to grow year otter year, the part alatre ground
dwarfed by the continued cutting, hut the root
getting largor and larger until It makes an un
derground stump sufficiently strong to stop a
plow. Now, when any work has to be done
ore* and over again every year, what a vast
amount of labor It calls for in a life time. we
.suggest that It would be both cheaper and
more satisfactory to make thorough work once
for all—to dig these plants up entirely or cut
them off at least tftftnehee' below the surface.
If this Is done now—say the latter pert of Au
gust or first part of September—in nino esses
out of ten-they will never appear any more.
We have adopted this plan for years and found
It entirely satisfactory.'! < If not with the
hands Whilst they bro doing the work’
mako them leavo the holes open so
that you can see that they have been cut off at
the proper depth. Cutting them off deep In
the ground is ossentlal to success.
Gontlnued outting down of a plant through
tho growing season, weakens It very moch,
and catting at tho period mentioned abovo
hurts it worse than at any other season of tho
year. Now wo often cut down hushes in our
com end cotton fields whilst cultivating tho
crops, but when theso are laid by, pay no far
ther attention to tlio bushes, and they recover
pretty much ell tho strength they had loot.
Would It not bo true economy to go over tho
fields nlw, and cut them down or grub them
op, and thus clinch tho work previously done
and kill them entirely ? Would this oostss
much as to have to stop, whilst hoeing cotton
or corn, to cut ddwb tho hushes and perhaps
break a hoe in'dolng it?
Bamboo briars are tho most troublesome
pests to get rid of, that we know. They de
velop thiok, tuberous items deep down below
the surface, often a foot or more, and when
ever tho part above ground is out off, another
Is ready to spring from tho buds on these tu
ber*. To grub theso tuber* up is a pretty
heavy Job, though not aa heavy, perhaps aa
ta* mmrio^mU^o^
be to devote tho land for a season to its destruc
tion Break nj> the field the latter part of
winter and-*®” 1 with sharp, deep-running
,Jw*°w-it as often as tho plants appear
ground. Do this tip to frost. This
oka at first like great waste of labor. Isltas
groat os stopping to hoe tho briars every time
tho field is cultivated? It is said that a field
Infested by these plants, U pastured very
Closely through summer and autumn by cowl
and sheep, especially the latter, will he en
tirely cleared of them. Where practicable this
Is the cheaper plan.
In clearing np fresh land, (oak and hickory)
would it not be true economy to dig np Instead
ofentdown the trees? It is much easier to
dig np a tree than a stump, because the lever
age furnished by tho top mokes loss digging
around it necessary. Consider the less of time
(and therefore labor) In cultivating crops
among stumps, tho loss of ground occupied by
the stumps, the wear and tear of team, gear
and plows, the inability to use sweeps and
other implements for rapid cultivation; con
sider all these and see on which side tho bal
ance goes down. In the case of old Hold pines,
wheso stumps rot in threo years, the case is
different. • W; L. J.
WARM QUESTION BOX.
W. SI. II., Oowonsvillo, 8. C.: Ibavc sflnehone
colt four years old, was castrated two j-sore ago,one
side has never healed, has bccomo swollen, and it*
discharging matter, otherwise is in good health.
Con you tell mj what to do for film?
Tho soro is In the naturo of a chronle nicer;'
and may be treated aa such. Apply powdered
blnestone. After It has removed the unhealthy
E olations,apply a poultice of slippery elm
k or linseed inenl, sprinkled wltii powdered
obarcoal. After a few days apply a eolution
of blncitonc, 10 grains to the onuco of water,
and poultloo occasionally. Feed well, chang
ing diet frequently, and give a half ounce of
sulphite of soda throe timos a week as a blood
pnrifior.
P. Jj. C., Ootdwater, Tcnn.: I have engaged Is the
culture of fish. I have Mocked three pondshrlth
German carp, cat (yellow und bine) and trout, each
variety so panne. Now I wish to know how to
manage, what kind of Toad it suitable for each kind,
etc. Where can I get a work that treats on fish cul
ture?
We have no personal experience in fish cnl-
ture and should be glad tohave some assistance
on this line. Will not some of our readers fa
vor us with answers to above inquiries?
Subscriber, Forsyth, Go.: t. Please give me a re.
celpt for mskfog syrup. 2. Abo, a receipt for mak
ing apple wine. 3. What oan I do to a well of water
to destroy too tests and efioct of lime and mica.
1. See answer to another inquiry In this
‘““will soon one with experience plcaso
giro rccipo asked for.
«. Mica la so very insoluble, it can hardly
Impart any taste to water. Lima is difficult to
get rid of by any process, cheap and agreeable.
Boiling the water will sometimes canto tho
lime to precipitate or settle ont of It, because
tho beat drives off tho catbouic acid which
enables the water to dissolve the limo. Bnt
this will not sneered In all cases.
Bells, Grsysm County, Texas: I wish to
snow Ui* mods of using lime or ouy other substance
In clarifying amghum molasses. Dosie answer the
above In foil and give any other methods used for
r*t~poi
As soon as juice is exproarod from the cone,
put it in a boiler and boat up to abont 130 de
grees Fahrenheit. Then add oarofully a mixt
ure of lima and water stirring constantly, until
tho jtzico will affect neither bloo nor red
litmus paper. 'When this point Is reached
heat quickly to boiling point, bat do not 1st it
boil; and after firs minute* remove scum, pass
through strainer Into evaporator, and boll
down to proper consistency. Where there Is
deby in working tliojuico after it is express
ed. a Uttlo bisulphite of ihne is added to the
cold jnico ob soon it is expressed tofprovent fer
mentation and acidification.
Troy, ADl: \V. A. H. Luncalmrg. Ark., asks what
b the best remedy for a horse with Mg head. I will
give bias a remedy that has cured sevafi cases with
vs.
With a sharp knife cut scrota on both sides a gash
Shoot sn inch and a half (IX) long [across the en
forcement); then take a cue kulfc and ran ft A wn
firthe cnl, cutting the skin loose from the gristle or
hone, which makes a suck; then take nl>,ut u much
ancub as will stay on the point of a eummou stsrd
knife; wrap it up in very flue paper and stick ftdown
In the rock or cut place, on each side. Feed the
bone on oats or bay, or turn in pectin*, and do uot
see him for tiro or three months. W. M. Knox.
Mrs. & T. JL, Mfllelgerflle, Go. Fleam give name
Of gross seed cudeeot, tiroc of planting, bow to cul
tivate, and poor opinion of It ss a foci for cows.
Boegtram hallapeaee. or Jofenean gram seed,
gre sometimes sown early in foll.,bnt it is bet
ter to sow in spring, abont cotton planting
time. Tho plants aro liable to bo killed by
freer. \Yhcu town In fall Iho tops aro killed
(town, but its underground stems survive dar
ing the winter and send up new stalks tho next
season. It is usually sown broadcast, and every
secohd or third year the land set in it
thoroughly plowed and harrowed in early
spring, a dressing of manure being given before
plowing. If cut before the heads appear it
makes excellent hay—cut late it is worthless,
The yield Is very largo on rich land, as two
more cuttings may l>e made a year.
C. W. W„ Cave Spring, Go.: 1. What pays best
plant on two or three acres of ground?
2. What grasses are best lor pasture or gnuing for
stock: what proportion to ■)« to the acre and what
time to sow?
3. What gnus or grasses are best to cut for stock
for winter? * •
4. What crops; are best adopted to north Georgia?
This is a limestone and the solM* rodflmg,
5. Where can I got C. W. Howard on gnures.
1st. That depends on elrctunstenoee. If one
keeps a horse or cow and there is np local do-,
mand for vegetables, fbrage crops will pay best
—drilled corn, millet and sorghum, peas with
com and lucerne. If manure in abundance
can bo had, the laud should baruade excessive
ly rich. A gentleman near Mobile, Ala., states
that on a half acre of land he raised forage
enough (forage corn, German millet, oats and
peavinca) to supply a mfik cow a year and sold
enough besides to pay for all bran and meal
consumed by her. In the neighborhood of a
good market It might pay better to raise vege
tables and small fruits.
2d. Orchard, tall oat, red top, with red and
white clover, for fall and spring; bermudaaud
lespedega for inmmbr. For on ocro, two bush
els of orchard, one each of tall
oat and red top, four pounds of
white and eight of red clover will suffice.
It is sound economy to be lavish with seed
Sow in September if ground is wet enough
about the first of March.
3. On damp land, red top; on rich land,
not wet, timothy orchard and red clover
combined.
4. Grains, grasses and plover* for the pur-
j>ose of raising mules and horses for the
cotton” farmers.
0. Address Captain George Waring, Ce
ment, Ga.
N. Tf. P., Cartecsy, Ga.: I want to know where
and how I can get some brown leghorn chickens;
also some black Spanish chickens. How can one
gettbe latest revised code of the laws of Georgia?
What will It cost?
Examino advertisements. We have no other
sources of information about stock, poultry,
seeds, etc.
Ask your booksollor about code. If he does
not know he can get the information for you.
Mrs. E. W., Jefferson r I wish to sow some gran
tho front yard, rieasa inform mo what klndto
plant. When and howto plant it. I want some
thing that will stay green all the year.
Bin* otars will coma naarer remaining green
all the year than any other, provided your soil
is adapted ioit. But clmosttthy winter grow
will die down, or becomo scorched and ngly
during Jummor drouths. Tho secret of success
is In having tho ground very rich. This will
enable the grass in part to overcome the ad
vene influences of climate or seasons. Blue-
grass prefers lime and heavy clay soils. Cover
the surface two Inches deep with stablo ma
nure and plow it in well. Then add three
hundred pounds of kainit and two hundred
pounds of acid phosphate (at that rate per
aero) and harrow in. Then sow seed, not less
than at the rote of throe bush
els per acre, and brush in lightly
as possible—and finally roll tho land. It will
not make much show at first, but will grad*
ually establish itself, If tho yard is mowed
regularly to keop down woods and other grasses,
and an annual dressing of 100 pound of nitrate
of soda and 200 pounds of kainit, per acre, is
given the latter part of February. If your
soil Is light and sandy, it will be difficult to
get any winter grass to grow on it well, and
keep green through tho summer. By extra
heavy manuring in dry weather you might got
blue grass to grow, but it would bo rather up
hill business. Prepare soil nicely as, for turn
ips, sow at tho rate of three bnshols seed per
acre and brush in very lightly. Do this in
September, or first of March.
XL Y. T., Wiqnsboro, 8. C.: What are the contents
of Furman’s formula? Give quantities of ingredi
ents used.
Thirty bushels of each of stablo manure and
cotton seed, 400 pounds of acid phosphate and
200 pounds of kainit.
W. X. 31., Union, Ala.: Wlmt grua orgranes will
succeed best upon bottom lands; soil a loam 6 to A
inches to clay and rather damp: will bring twenty
bushels of com per aero this year. When and h**--
much seed per acre to plant? Am unable to pro
cure phosphate. Will cotton seed meal do to manure
say 200 to 400 pounds per acre. Lend is well sup
plied with humus.
Herds or red top Is probably tho best; timo
thy would also do well if tho land was well
manured. It is beet to soed early; two bushels
of herds and a peek of timothy pox acre. It
would be well also to add ten pounds of red
clover. The clover will take the lead at first,
but will disappear in the course of a few years
and leave the land in better condition lor the
grasses. Cotton seed meal is a very excellent
manure for grass—four hundred pounds per
aero not too much. Harrow or plow in lightly
somo weeks befor^ sowing seed, os it is de
structive to germinating seed when first put
in soli. Add throe hundred pounds kainit per
acre if you can get it.
If.. A. B., Elberton, Ga: I have a hone that has a
blood spavin on the hind hook, a Tittle above tho
Joint, about as Mg as a man’s fist. Please give some
remedy for its removal.
If tho animal is young there is a posihllity of
removing the swelling by blistering, but It
veryjap* to return when put to hard work. As
a rule it ia incurable. It comes from the
stretching of tho parts around the cavity of the
joint and an increased quantity of ”jotntoil ,r
which distends tho cavity and gives the
swollen appearance.
Y. P.. Clarkstou, Pc Kalb count)’, Ga.: 1.1 want a
two a ru orchard set in gust for a pasture. J wish
such pastures as I »ee In Kirkwood, near Clifton: or
course you are acquainted with ell tboss bcantifol
grass lots. Please name tho kind and quantities of
seed per acre, time of sowing and preparation of
ground.
2. Would you put In bermuda grass with the
grass seeds Indicated above?
a Is winter oat prow worth much fbrgnudnx?
Any suggestions about a woods pasture will be
thankfully rcodved.
L Tito first tiling to do Is to make the land
exoessivcly rich. .The foundation is best laid
by a good application of stable manure. Thirty
2-horse wagon loads per acre in conjunction
with oilier things, will do, bnt doable that
quantity would be better. In addition to the
stablo manure apply 300 pounds of kainit and
200 pounds arid phosphate per acre. In addi
tion to above, harrow in, some weeks before
sowing seed, KX) pounds of cotton seed meal
per acre. Plow and harrow land repeatedly
getting it In as fino tilth as poeaible, and mix
ing the manures well with the surface soil.
This is tho necessary preparation—
it must ho followed up by a top dressing
overy year In early spring. A good dreeing
of stable manure will answer, or 100 pounds
of uitmte soda, ICO pounde phosphate and 200
pounds kainit per aero may take its place/
2. A mixture of graves, embracing such ss
mature nt different periods, is bent for pas
tures. Orchard, tali oat, herds gnus and red
clover aro alum the beat. Two bushels of at-
chord, and on* each of oat and herds, with ten
pound* of rrd clover, will suffico for an acre,
if yonr Und Is very strong yon might add a
bushel of blae grass to above. Sow
In September if the soil is
wet enough to bring seeds up.
Brush In seed very lightly and finish by roll-
ng. If is is too dry to sow in September, de
fer doing so till about tho first of March, hut
fall is prcferablo to spring.
2. No. If you wish to have bermuda (and
there is nothing better for summer pasture)
put lion land by itself, away from fruit trees
or anything else you wish to cultivate.
3. If’you mean tall oat grass, yes; it is one
of our best grasses and will grow better on
light soils than most of the cultivated grosses.
W. B. B., Clay County, Georgia: 1. I send you a
■ample of plant which grows ben*. Has ft any value
aa a tirtflinri 2. What it’s value as stock foed, ei
ther green *r dry?
Plant sent is "Richardsonla scabra,” and
variously called Spanish, Mexican and Florida
clover. It is not a dover proper; does not bo-
long to the clever family, (!egumin*e) h«it to
the RubiaceSe, which includes ipecac, coffee,
and Peruvian hark. It is a native of South
America and probably Mexico also, and has
acquired quite a strong footing
along our Gulf coast and in Florida.
It grows well on sandy soils and In warm cli
mates. Have heard of its getting os far north
as Burke county, Georgia. It compares very
favorably with red cloyor in composition, and
is doubtless nearly if uot quite as valuable as
red doves,for improving land. It is inferior to
it in one respect, boing an annual, and not hav
ing as long time to gather fertilizing material
as dover.
2. As said abovo, it is quite like clover, and
makes quite similar stock food whether green
or dry. When introduced and allowed to soed
it will come up on land where the crop is laid
by before July. It is relished by all stock and
is worthy of tho attention of formers cultivat
ing sandy lands towards the gulf, where [red
clover does not grow well. It is d<
stands drought well, and, like clover, gatbprs
up material from the sub-soil to enrich the
face soil.
W. F. M., Trenton, Ark.: My best hog has w!
Is termed kidney worms: has lost the use of I,
hind parts. If there is any euro plfttso mention i it
in your next I have applied turpentine freely
given oopperas several times, all to no purpose.
See article in this number on same sub;
from a correspondent. We have seen good
suits from feeding hogs exclusively on co^i
soaked in strong lye from ordinary ashes.
Chcnoyvlllo, Ga., July 20, 1887: 1 see a questldi
asked In regard to hrgethat are weak in their lep,
and cannot stand up. My experience with
thus affected is that they have kidney worms,
I have only found one remedy that does any _
that Is take as much com as you wish to give th<
and soak it in spirits of turpentine, let it eoak
ulgbt, and give it to them In moral
they may not eat much but it doro not roqi
much to cure them. Rcspoctfolly,
It. H. Marshal:.
F. M. W., Molino, Fla.: 1st Please give some t-
formation in regard to olives. Where can they p
got, at what prico, how old will they be when they
begin to bear, the mode or cultivation, eta
2nd. Is It neceswry to keop a male scupperaottf
grape-vine in order to have tho other vines beet
and flemish.
Olives are cultivated to some extent in (
Hernia and it might be possible to got ti
there, if not from Franco. Any well kne
nurseryman, liko Mr. P. J. Berckmans,
Augusta, Ga., could procure thorn for you.
They grow readily from cuttings—the suckort
around tho stems of old plants can also be utih
ized. They grow well on comparatively poor
land, if well drained. Tho trees reach s
height of twenty-five to thirty feet, and should
bo set out about those distnnoes apart. Whilst
they are young, the land may be cultivated in
othor crops, as orange groves are. At six or
seven years from the sitting out tho trees bear
fruit enough to pay a little, but they do not
rcaoh perfection till forty or fifty years old,and
live and continue to bear for hundreds of years.
It is a good crop to plant for one’s children and
grandchildren, and so on.
2. It Is not.
ARP ON FARMING.
How Shifty Men Manage to Get
Along:,
WHILE THE LAZY ONES FALL BEHIND.
A BLOW IN THE DARK.
From tins Detroit Freo Proa.
While Sheridan w.n masting hit forest In
front of Early at Winchoater and making
road, for that September day battlo, I vu In
side nta line, at loatt half a dozen time., play
ing the apy in broad daylight and not aoeuiing
to do suapectcd by any ono. Fivo days before
every piece of artillery was correctly named
and rnnnrtori. Many of the toldien, particu
larly Ohio and Michigan troops, may call to
mlud tho old quakor who wandered about
their camps for a woek, Inveighing against
war, but hoping tho bine coat., would win if a
battlo must be fonglit. The old man gave away
trocU, raid postage stAmps, and offered to wrlto
letters home for the ties. That old Quaker
and yaitr humble aoxvant wore ono and the
aauo. and I hereby return my thanks for tho
kind treatment extended me. Tho men of
the Michigan cavalry brigade were parilonlarly
friendly, and at a later period it foil to mo to
do three of them a good turn while they were
on their way to Richmond aa prisoners of war.
My last trip Into and ont of Sherman’s lines
..asmadoon tlio night of tho reoend day be
fore the battle, I came In on his left, and was
going ont again that way. I had pawed tho
camp sentinels and vidotte*, and was, as I bo-
Ucved, beyond all dangor. I was then to tho
loft of tlio Borryvlllo pike and was piol'
way across an old field, when a man . .
rose up before ms and presented a oarklno at
my breast. It was not so dork bnt that I umdo
him ont to be a federal cavalryman. I was in
my Qnaker rig, and as soon aa I could get my
voice I oatd:
IVkteml, thee baa made a mistake, Ism bat
n hamblo cltlr.cn.”
“That’sall right, old Broadbrim; bttt yon
n't pass here I”
"Then, Friend Blnecoat. I will cbeerfally
more to the right or the left.”
“yon try it and I'll blow year head off!
Von ore my prisoner, sir I"
“Friend, thee doth not seem to understand
the situation. I am a man of peaceand on my
way to the bouse of a friend. Thau hath no
Ctnie to bait me.”
“I haven’t, oh T You alt down on that log
until the relief cornea out If you’ve got a past*
you can show it then.”
7 "Verily, but I will ait down if it pleaaeth
hoe, but there ia no occasion for hard words.”
“There la occasion to look after overy
durae«l old reb in tlio country, and don’t you
forget it!”
It was plain to right and smell that tho man
had been drinking and was In an irritable con
dition. It was his duty to have token me back
to the relief, but as tits time for his poet to bo
relieved was only a quarter of an hour away ho
iad decided on bolding ms there. If I went
[>ack to the post under suspicion I waa snre to
hang for a spy, aa a search would bring to light
troofis of iny vocation, and I made np my mind
liat I most toko desperate chance*. The
soldier stood about six foot in front of roe,
leauing on his gun, and I mode a pretense of
feeling in my pocket, and then suln:
‘ Friend, let ua be chril to each other. Per
se thee would like some tobacco?”
Tobacco! Well, I don’t mind,” he replied
in a half civil tone.
J toss np with mr hnnd extended, aa if to
hand him something, and, ns I got near
h, I planted a blow on his noso which
ea Him fiat. Before ho couhl move I
ricked his cun aside and was upon him. He
wasdazad by the blow, and he arareely strag
gled as I worked at him. In five minutes I
had him gagged and tied hand and foot, and
then I braced Lira np against the log and said:
“Friend, this ia a very changeable world.
The dog who ia on top toaay may be under
neath tffunoiTow.”
Ic crmhl nut reply, except to groan.
And remember, friend, that it is not always
meet and in good taste to addrest nnu of my
penmaalon as Broadbrim and old man.”
lie groaned again.
“And? us r» farewell word to thee I wculdst
advise thee to be more gentle in thy speech.
A civil word casts nothing, and sometime*
brings a great reward. Good-bye, tlioa man
of blue. Thy friends will ba along presently,
and I trust thou w ilt not deny that a Broad
brim, unarmed and unaided, laid thee on thy
back arid bound thee like a yearling Iamb.”
With that I left him, and I was not twenty
rods away before I heard the relief. How ho
xi lafned matters I never knew, bat he prob
ably cane out of it with flying colors.
Tho interstate convention waa a success,
Our lending farmers will keep pegging away
until they find out what ia tho matter with
fanning, and then maybe we will change our
methods and get along better. I am glad the
convention found out what waa not the mktter.
That is a good way to narrow down the Inves
tigation. It la now settled that it la not tlio
tariff tka* depresses farming but Kentucky
mules and western meat and northern specu
lator! have agood deal to do with It.
But the greatest embarrassment over onrnp-
coantry fanning is a disinclination to work,
Our farmers will plow and hoe pretty well
when they get at It, but Joe Bradley told me
that if a man didn’t scratch his head In the
field by sunrise he wouldn’t succeed at farm
ing. I have watched Joe ten yean and he )■ a
success. He! nover went to town except on
business, and ho attended to his business
and returned home with alacrity and
went to work. Somo of his nabort
would lose nearly tho whole day when they
went to town. Joe saves the scrappings of his
bam yard and the fenco comers and has heaps
of compost. He raises his own meat and has
■omotoscll. He buys calves In the neighbor
hood and pastures them until they grow* ’
and fat. lie oils his harness and keeps
wagon greased, and whon a rainy day comes,
he goes to his workshop and fixes up tho plows
and hoos and axes. Joo loves to work and Is
always at it, and so of counto ho is accumu
lating. But a good many of our
formers havo almost quit attending
to Uttlo things. It Is so handy to
buy meat that he won't raise hogs. It is so
handy to buy fertilizers that he nover acre]
the barnyard but lets it all wash away. ]
will give fifteen couta for an ax hnndle rather
than mako ono. If a roan comos along the
rood ho will talk to him half an hour. He
will hunt squirrels and go fishing, or attend
justlocs court when his crop is on the gnus and
so of course ho is always behind. He has to
rent poor land because he aint
‘fitten’ to tend any other kind.
So after all It Is more in the forroor than tho
form. I don’t know that there is such a great
difference between farming and other occupa
tions. Tho formers say they don’t havo* fair
Showing with merchants and manufacturers
and lawyers and doctors, but I don’t know any
class who are so independent as formers of the
Joe Bradley type. He has everything to i
his family comfortable and he made it o;
form and still makes it. HU family help him
to make it. They all work and when he litres
a darkey tho darkey works. He makes him
work. He U ashamed not to work for every
body and everything on the place Is alive and
kioklng. Joe will draw a bucket of water in
half the time he used to. I believe that as
many formers succeed as merchants or manu
facturers—in proportion to their numbers. Tho
statistics prove that fifty merchants out of a
hundred foil. Thirty more just sqneezo along
and mako it a support. Ten more got ahead
and aocumulato slowly and the othor ten got
rich.
It U abont tho same way with manufacturer*.
As for lawyers and doctor* nobody knows until
they are dead whether they are ahoad or be
hind. But the averago Tanner don’t break,
Ho can’t break. Ho can't even suspend. *'
the merchant who runs him can’t get his
vanccs ho must run him again, and bo hopeful
of a better crop the next year. The farmer is
too apt to compare his situation with Hto mer
chant’s apparent caso and comfort, but he
doesn’t know that tho morelmnt has bank
notes foiling duo overy sixty days, and fa
lap over and shindig aronndto keep np. __
doesn’t know the strain there Is to keep his
family along with the upper crust. It won’t
do to pick out tho exceptional oases like the
Nobles or Keely or Kiser or John Ityan, for
thoso men would have made money m ‘
cow peas In Sahara, or driving terrapins t
coast at half a mile a day. Why shouldn’t the
farmers be doing os well os they used
to do ten years ago. Cotton is a little
lower, but ^ to
Is fifty per eent higher than it is up north.
Last year the Angusta Chronicle sent ont olr-
culara asking tho most reliable fanners what
cotton cost togrowlt. The replies were publish
ed and were very interesting and very satisfac
tory. They were carefully raado np from their
actual experience, and the result was an aver
ago cost of six and a half cents a ponnd. So
that gives a profit of ten- dol Ian a bate with
hired labor, but when a man with half a dozen
children to help hlut. does hIs own work and
raises his own supplies, his cotton money is
nearly all clear profit and can be added teiiis
capital stock.
There aro throe classosof farmers: Those
who own the land and cultivate it with home
or hired labor; thoso who are landlords
only and rent their land to ten
ants, and those who are tenants only.
Mr. Munford end C. M. Jones and Captain
Lyon and Mr. Davis and Joo Bradley and Ma
jor Wooloy and Air. Milam are fair samples of
the first-class, and thoy are all prosperous.
They trndo and traffic somo outside of the farm
but the form is the mudsill, tho foundation of
their prosperity. Their farms are not for sale.
On tho contrary thoy buy more land, and 1 ex-
K ct would liko to own all that joins them,
en of their class aro not complqfidngof de
but their neighbor* don’t oompfain about
that.
I have the honor to belong to the second-
class. 8inoe ray boys have quit me for more
ambitious things, I rent out my land and havo
only a genoral supervision. The farm cost me
six thousand dollars. My rents average four
liuudrcd dollars, which is about six
per cent after paying taxes. Besides this
we havo a comfortable home und plenty
of cheap fuel, which may be put down at an
other hundred, and theso are the fruits and
vegetables and potatoes and chickens and
ducks and spring lamb and foil mutton and a
fat pig now and then for a barbecue, and thoro
is latitnde and longitude and simngs and
branches and a crock to fish in and a mountain
to hunt on and wild fruits and wild flowers all
around, and all theso ought to be pot down at
auothcr hundred, and this makes up altogether
about ten per cent on the investment, which
is as good as Georgia railroad stock, and less
liable to chango and the accidents of com
merce. We have no conflict with labor, no
perils of fire or thieves or robbers or defalca
tors. Even General Hhcrman foiled to destroy
it, and where he dng his trenches it better
land than ever, I wish I had controLof him
and his diggers for about a month—I would
have my whole form sahsoiled throe feet deep.
The third class are tho tenants,
the humble yocmanry of the land—the toilets
and sweaters who are not working to get rich,
but to mako a living. They have fit ambition
for fame or fortune and are contented with
their lot. Their fathers left them bnt little
beside a good example of Industry and honesty
and patriotism and they will do tho same hy
their children. They are generally good law-
abiding citizens. When the overseer of the
road wants them to come and work the high
way they shoulder a shovel and go and have a
good thne joking and langhlruf and pitying
marbles and swapping the naborhoou news.
When the sheriff summons them to serve on
the jury they take it afoot to town, and like
C liieneeon a monument, sit and listen to the
wym*quorre! and so earn their two dollani a
day and are thankful. They have not settled
it yet whether a level moon or a tilting one
foreshadows rain, but certain ft is, one or the
other. They still believe thst botts kill horses
ami that a weak-eyed nag onght to be cut for
theliooks. They are rough and strong and
self-reliant. Thsy never surrender terotsfor-
t une. but dare to lovu their country and bate
tho niggers sad live poor. These men make
no complaint about depremion. bat take life
^ it comes and are ready for the next war.
Too many tilings are charged up to tha form
mat don't Lei one there. My farm does not
Mipl-ort my family, but it is not the fault of
tlio farm. One of my boys marie a thousand
dollars clear money ou it fu «n< ...
was a poor year, bnt we spent 1
town overy day and ho wore ont his buggies
and harness overy yoar, and It took half tho
form nude to koep up the team and tho ro-
K ira, aiicl pay the driver. One summer ho
ri lots of company and when Ufoy began to
come there were three or four hundred chick
ens in the backyard, but before the company
left he was buying about twenty a day. But
he is a sliifly man, and manages to get, along.
A man can’t ran a free hotel, and a free livery
•table on a hundred acre farm and savo any
money. He conldn't do It in tho good old
days when niggers was—and ho can’t do it
now, but I know a man who tries to.
i Bilh Abf.
A I TRANCE Clf A NOB.
Professor Graff Tails of the Way In Which
Jamestown Has Doterioatod.
From tbs Pithburg Dispatch.
“Who has not heard of the quaint old city of
Jamestown, in Virginia?” remarked Professor
G. G. Graff, recently to a Dispatch reporter,
“ In the days of Captain-Smith and tho Indian
Sachem Powhatan, Virginia was the land that
flowed with milk and honey, and Jamestown
thb leading city of the settlement. Now It Is a
mere wreck of its former self and stands as a
dreary monument of tho gnawing work of
1 usual kindly
up the fissures
down ruins under a
thick growth of woodbine and Ivy.
"Green mold and moss have overgrown tho
rough red stones. And I walked through the
dreary and forsaken streets I oonld not help
but ask myself oouUnually, 'Surely this cannot
bo the famous Jamestown of tho old English
settlers?’
WOULD DR NUnrniSKD.
“Should Captain Smith or the old Indian
chief,Powhatan.retnni to the mu of their
early itruf gtc*, they wonhl no doubt bo ffmotly
surprised at tho wonderful change for tho won.
that ha. taken place. The aristocratic families
and tholr descendant* with their Ion, list, of
ilnvcs and largo plantation, havo dieappearod
and colored men liavo taken tholr place. In
TOM’S CHANGE
Plunkett Talks About the First
Battle of Fredericksburg’.’
GENERAL T. R. R. COBB'S DEATH.
dollar* clear money aa it hia>ne year, and It
wm a poor year, bnt w. .pent It for him, and
robe got dlacoanvod and qnit. A diligent
managing young nun with no dependent* —
take that form and cleat fifteen ham
dollar* on it ratting groin and
bay and cattle and bog* When
an upiring country family hi trying to keep
np with town way., and metal entom* ana
fall, behind in money and credit, the defalca
tion aboold not be charged np to the form.
One »< my rubor, kept* team co tha rood Uf
passing through the itreete one ieoroelyevert,
greeted by* white. I^ittlo negro children Mar.
at yoa from tha window, a. you rum by won
dering what atrongo apparition Is that and
whence it came.
“What li true of J-.me.town I* true also of a
number of other old town* In Virginia. Wll-
ltamalrarg Is In not much bettor condition, In
foot the whole state ha* deteriorated since tlio
war. I remember in one county tho only offi
cer who Is a white man Is the judge. Were
you to commit a criminal offenso you would bo
arreetod by a colored constable, brought before
a colored justice and taken to jail by aoolored
sheriff. The population Is huftcly black.
“I was vary much straok whon I visited
Washington and tha collogo and found here a
frill corps of ablo teachers,bnt only one stuilont.
Tear by year these men hare been studying
and waiting patiently, bnt the loyal sons of
Virginia hay. downed the walls of the Insti
tution who ean point among hor alumni to the
naraee of somo of tho ablest man who flgared
In onr national history. General Lee's body
lies beneath tho desk In the chapel, and looked
down upon the moldertng coffin that otmtalns
all the remains of the man who was once tho
llfo of th. confederacy.
BADLY COXDtTCTKD.
“In this connection, on Iho subject of educa
tion, after having lectured before Institutes and
normal schools In many of tlio onuthom states,
I find their school system Is badly conduoted.
Tho south at present complains of numoroas
carpet-baggers In tbo teaching profession, from
tho north, who nte not np to the standard.
Thoro Is mo doubt that tlio people have been
imposed on in the podagoglo lino os they wore
In politics shortly after the war. They havo be
come Tory auspicious of all slrangors from the
north, and a northerner mast havo the best of
credentials If ho oxpects to gain tho confidence
of the people.
“I traveled on foot with a party of gentle
men over a largo portion at Virginia. Tlio pub-
lio roads havo been sadly neglected since Iho
war. In foot, many of them neve lieeomo en
tirely obliterated. Frequently, In walking
along an what wo snpposed to bo a public high
way, It was no common occurrence to come to
a large gate and find that wo wore treie-
r on nrivnto land. Generally an ox.
Ion to tlio proprietor would lio sufficient,
hut in some cases wo wore compelled to pay
rather dearly for onr Ignorance. Tho rivers aro
Wide and deep, and well supplied with landing
plaec, but the roads leading to thorn urn pri
vate and heavy tolls are axacted. This Is a
great drawback which tbo stata ought to remo
unt wren ANIMALS,
•It fa certainly strango, but largo portions of
tho state have become covered with a thick
growth of nnderbrnsli. Wild lings In nbun-
danco roam through these thickets, living an
chostnuts and aooras. When not molested
they are harmless, bnt when attackod thoy are
very vlclons and exceedingly dangerous toimn-
dlo. They are ilanghtored in great numbers,
and bccomo qulto a source uf revenue for tho
farmers. Ono man with whom I talked had
already killed 100 In six months. Door aro
plentiful In Uunindorbrtuh, mid froijucntl
Bo seen bounding through the clino till
Whore It is Impossible to follow them.
"In conclusion, after haying traveled oyer
1 he entire state, I was Tory mnch pained In-
I Iced to know that Virginia, tho state Gist had
furnished more presidents than nny othor ttato
In Uie Union, that used to be tho fairest and
rloheat of all tbs colonies, has been relegated
to snob a remote seet behind the rest of the
world! that Jamestown end Williamsburg,
two of the oldest towns In tlio United mates,
hero bccomo more hovols. For the sake of
Captain Bmith and tbo oarly English settlers
who started these towns In tholr tlurco struggle
for existence, the government ilinnld fenco
thorn in and place a police force there to pro
tect thorn.''
taiakthanh's intAixu.
A Slight Correction to Victor Hugo’s Story
of the Drain-
from the London Telegraph.
A Tarlatan newspaper which publishes ca
rtons liifurmaUon de omnibus rebus states that It
was not a valet wbo tbrew Talleyrand's brains Into
a drain alter tbo embalmment of the body, but e
pharmaceutical chemist named UhanL Talley-
mud arranged with bis physician, Dr. Bourdais
(who, however, died before him), and with Mlenrd,
that en his death no should bo embalmed In the
Egyptian manner, that Is to uy, Incisions shoutd be
wads In his co:p e and amwatle sidesi Injected,
alter which tiie body should be sewed up. The
I nine were to be taken ant, ileeped In sptass, and
torn put book la tlwlr proper placer.
Mlcord being tekixl to tlnlrti the embalmment
speedily. It having already token * long time, idegot
*11 about the gnat dlphncaU-t’e braitu, and raid
nothingabootlhein when hedleeevared hie omle-
■fuo. At night he weal ami threw them down a
drain openlni into the Bno St, Itoncrc, totween the
~ ‘ t. Duping. It was Into
e remalne ofBSMMtoRe
wenj mrown nucr oia execution, flachistt
version of the story ae given by one who bad
Mb ard lilnucir. but Victor Hugo ta not to be
tf lie was misled by the reticence of the pharma-
ecutirul chemist, who kept the secret to hliusctf tor
a long time. r
A Year's Dtoaster*.
From the 8t. bouts Republican.
Tho record of the year's railway disaster* Is
already * terrible nee. The Itsltwcy Review fire*
the following pertinent figure* In the cm:
•This makes tire eleventh heavy railway accident
of this year. The (receding ten. which have led up
to this climax ufkorrcr, maybe enumerated u M-
krwK January—Devil's river (Texas) eolllston, fif
teen killed; Republic eollUon, sixteen kilted, twelve
Injured. Fektuary—Woodstock fVe.) derailment,
Uiirty-twe killed, tblrtyelx Injured. Mnreh-Dumcy
IrMxe, thirty-one killed, ona hundred Injured; Nor
folk nod Western bridge, eight killed. Ateil—Nur-
tlteea FaeUlc collision, six killed, eighteen Injured.
May-Feiieylreuiu railroad resUkt m, eight killed,
eighteen Injured. July-Crsud Trunk eoiUstoa,
twelve killed, two hundred Injured; krie oelllsleri,
thirteen kKled, five Injured; Chleagu gad Alton
CulUafrm, (ttoen killed,pbirty injured.”
Ceitalnly lignite liko tbew go to show Use urgent
ncccmlty the such en overhauling of our erintiual
Jewess will make tlio penitentiary a possibility to
betaken Into account in Urn homKMal ratisnagw
moot of retlwaya
Warning.
How many people rain their stomachs bJf
swallowing cofit drinks on a hot summer day
when they could avoid all danger by adding
en drops of ANGOSTURA UtTTEltB, bo
lides Importing a delicious flavor to tlwlr sum
mer beverage*.
I Fur 3b* genuine Tests Red Rust 1-mefOoU Incur
I ^.S^-^WbreUey AHek^Wax-
Wrlttenlbr the Constitution.
“Nigger! say that house Is haunted,” said'
old man FJnnkott.
"And or heap or while fblks, too,” cbimod,
old mu Brown.
Plankett looked at Brown, as much as to
ray It's not yonr thno to .talk jet, and then 1
continued; :•••*»,
"Tho-than what used to Uto Ihere wa* er
bachelor. Bo was one or those hero fellows
what woe always vr trying to get something or
Uttlo bettor than wliat Jw had, audit tookhim
or long time,to find out that or fellow Utter
let well enough alone, hut whon he did dml ft
out ho was just as big er fpol tho ptlier way.
And you coaldh’t got him to mako or chango
on nothing—ho'd hardly cliange his clothes.
That's wiry niggers nay tho house is limited,
thuy hour fusses erronnd there and see stnuigo
tilings, and thoy say its nothing In tho wptld 1
but old Tom's ghost lingering orreund erfeord
to make tlio chango from this world to tlio
next. I kinder b’loto Its lianted myiolf, for
I know Tom will not make or chango it there’s
any way to keep onton It.”
Plunkett stoppod a moment and then pro-
deeded:
“When the war broke oat Tom jlncd dr cav
alry company and ho got him as easier riding
horse as I emir backed In my life, and went np
In to Tennessee somewhere and pranced erronnd
drinking batter milk and licit like till ho got
so big and fat that It was er mtosory for him to
got erbout. It warm nothing bnt laxtness, bnt
Tom ho took or notion that the oovalry branch
of tho war was tho very hardest part there was,
to nothing would do but ho must mako er
change. He got what they called or traastorf rent
tlio cavalry to heavy artillery at Savannah, and
out he pat for tho coast, and ho lay orreund
Bnvamuh and dono what I rail nothing, but
Torn ho begins to onto himsolf for quitting the
aavnlry, where bo didn’t hove nodtfttng to do,
and getting ormong them big guns whore or
follow had to lift or threw up forts tiro or three
days In'every week, and so ho decided la make
rrnothet change and get Intowhat they called
tlio flying urtillory, and tbon ho'd b* fixed.
Hegoter transfer to er comjinuy In Virginia,
Olid out ho put. Tom didn't know nothing or-
bout war np to that | time, but ho thought ho
did, mid ho was In the highest sort of spirits
whon ho mooched Dot through Riel ml in
take his pises orlong with his company. Ills
oompany was out on or creek called Chleko-
hominy, nnd Tom gat such a disgust with tlio
oountrir that ho nover wonld havo er thing to
do with chicks nor cat any hominy aftenvnrd,
care, he said, ‘ho hatodernythingtliat sound
ed llkeGliickabomlny.' I guess it,was er bad
place, from all ercbnnts, ami before Tom got
outen thoro and throngli tlio seven days lights
ho was tho completnst dono up fellow that bvet
went from Goorria to Virginia.” >
“You onghtor hcred linn cuss lilsself.” oon-
tinned Plunkett, "and ho wont right to work
for omotbor chango. Hekuowodho couldn’t
bowuretod now, so hegoter transfer to tho
Infantry and took tils plai-o crloug With Btono-
wall Jackson'S aiid'Longstreot'S'iuen. Jeru
salem, yon onghtor liormi lilm In crlicmt or
woek altar ho got Into tha InfnntTy. Tlmr’s
no use trying to toll you what bo thought or-
bout hlssolf, uut ho got so thoroughly down onl
changes that there a er heap or folks what'
knowed lilm, don’t b'lovo lie'll ovor mako any:
exertion for or • chango If lio knowctl lip war'
gwyuo straight, to licuvon, and that’s why the
noqiy% 1* Jiantori.”
Old man Plunkett took a frorij chew of
Brown’s tobacco and then continued: .
"When Leo’* army \viw ut Frerierlckslmre.
er long in *(13 tho folks in tho settlement fixed
up er box of clothing niul got mo to take it to
tho boys. Whon I got to ’ora it was winter, nnd
tho yonkoea war light on tho oilior side of tho
rivor and sccmou to be just waiting on tlio
went hor to como crerofM ami taeklo our boys,
Tom wm* thar and the follow lined in nuri di
vided up tho clothing•» jw to lot Tom fravo
Homo clean underwear, for ho wa* in cr tetri-
falo fix, but when thoy took tho clean clothes
to him .mil told him to wash up nud ch.mgoj
his clothing lio looked like ho who gwytio to
whin out tho whole regiment.
"‘Don't you talk to mo orbout changing,'
•.ltd Turn, 'nud any mau that cotnex orround 1
mo talking erbout ehntigiug in in danger of hi*
lifonnd no wouldn't Iiavo or thing to do with
tlio tloan clothoH. Tho bojw talked it ovor
rrmoiig tlienwelvc.H nml dcoidod to mako hint
chango. I got iKiiry for Toia 'fora it w«*
through with, though, for thoy just grabbed
him nnd drug him to the crook through tho 1
tmov/ nud soused him iu nnd nibbed him witbl
Ho.in nnd Hand and mud nud rich like, till you
could nearly noo tho blood er poping out all
over him, bnt ho kicked nnd worried till ho
warnt nblo to walk back np to tho place In tho
woods where thoy linri noioo little old blanket*
cftmohed toritep under, Thor toted him tip
nnd everything tatea off that night till
jiHl. jik day Ix-gun to break, we hored er gun—
or big cannon—up tho river from Frederick#*
burg, nnd then wo 1 intoned nnd wo hcred or-
nother erway down tho river—b-u-m—nml the
boy* begin to fly erronnd, and thov told me,
that first gun won Longstreot*«nd that Bftocfta*
ono was JnckKoii, lotting ouch othor know that
they war all right, nud that it mount er fight,
and quicker than I’ve boon or telling you, tho
bugle* war sounding and tho drums war beat
ing, and you could hero tho officer.-, every-
where,saying, 'foil in, men, fall in;’and £
soon tied that was no nine© fi* cr cripple, but
th* boys told mo to stick to tho wagon*, and I
"That was tlio first battlo I over soed,” con
tinued old man Plunkett, "nnd I had some kin
in or tiouth Carolina company and l got with
’em down behind cr rock fenco that run criong
with tho big road just at tbo edgo of town ana
at tho foot of what thoy called Marie’s heights
—I called it or long, stoop hill—and tlio u>p ofi
that hill waa th* nlaco tlio yankco* war mak
ing for, W* could hear their officers making
•poochesto ’mn. and they ’lowed:
"•Mario's heights havo to bo charged, and
wo aro tho boys to do it.'
"But that rock fence was bstwsen them and
y never did p im it .fit
who they said waa
setting on his horn*
cr little hour* just ercross the road and>
i to talk to tho soldiers and sneak to
tho ooloneli and theft tho colonols would Hpeafc
to tho captains and then all got still nndwo|
could bore tho yankoox tearing down garden
fences and yard fences and pretty sown here
they come, and as quick ns lightning it looked
to me our boys roao from behind that fence
Mid fast '*|U have it, nnd limn thar waa lighting,'
for tlio Yankees como nnd kept or coming, and|
as font as ono would fall crnotlicr' Would tnke
liil place, lint they never got that rock fence, f
tut that fino looking officer that rot <m Ids'
*-ick wiiiwmfrb! tto;,
_ thufruilt tfcii j
crod his log and they couldn't save him; he.
»Ied to death, sod t wok mighty sorry, for L
wish ho could cr lived to havo seen Just how
“ **— nWlfctatti i-
jMfftjMMlslfl
man Plunkett, "I know 1 eeuld er walkeij
over oyery footer ground iu throe sores amt
never got offen er dead yankco, and. thoy naid 1
old Jackson, down tho river give it to’em
; ust as bad. ,
"WcBtavcd down by that fence thr«m <Uya
snd then the yankcos got back mi tho othci
ride uf the rivor, nu.i the battle of Frederick*-
burg was over, and our boys were as jnllycg
roof follows os you ever reed, ae they d hate
the yankee* on the other ride and sing:
Tlio rankers came u> Pre«l«rIok4bunr,
To whip the aouthem rebcU
But the rehoU they chocs' A ihovxtac.
And whipped 'cmUke me Uerfl. *■
Aral h» w*v«l kb so onl areixfr. commsu.i
Then Dam, duiu, iv.inj, num. mim,
Fur the jinlors to tcltetaddlo.
•Tli* taws went back to llirir tamps ergln,-
.-lliiiiir.l old man l'htnkett, ami Tom ho
spoko tor lbs first time in ihrco ilajrs, «* th»F
stacked their art ns:
“II* Just herons! they dianje their genmb,
iho scr.on we whip ’em » cany,'
AinHliu (olios s SOUK oof: .
•Now, there ho guee on chango orpin.