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FARMS AND FARMERS.
Short Talks With the Men Who
Guide the Plow.
QUERRIESON FARM TOPICS ANSWERED
Winter Work—lienioving Obstructions, Etc.
Where land is devoted to pasture, the
presence of rocks, stumps, grubs, etc., whilst
not desirable, is not highly objectionable.
Bocks prevent the soil under them from dry
ing, and plants growing near them probably
make up by their increased growth from this
circumstance, for the room which the rocks
occupy. But on cultivated land they are not
only annoying and unpleasant, but the cause
of positive loss to the farmer. Rocky ground
cannot be plowed or harrowed satisfactorily.
Bocks throw the plow out of the ground, or
prevent its entering the soil, requiring in
creased labor from the plowman. If large
they stop the .plow, which has to be lifted out
and a new start made (labor and time lost),
with possibly the accompaniment of a broken
plow or gear. Now this occurs not once only
but every time the land is plowed. Now we
pubniit that it would be a saving of labor, and
therefore of money, to remove the rocks.
The time spent in doing this would
be less than that lost in stopping
and lifting plows, and in making misslicks
with the hoe. A hand will take at least twice
as long to hoe a piece of rocky ground as a
■piece that is smooth. Multiply this extra
time by the number of years the land is culti
vated-ten, fifteen, twenty or more, and would
it not be cheaper to remove the obstruction.
But in the case of rocks, what disposition
shall be made of them; admitting the desira
bility of removing them. One excellent use
is to make obstructions across gullies; another
to macadamize soft places in farm roads. If
there are more than are needed for these pur
poses, put them along the terrace borders.
They will strengthen these, and at the same
time be out of the way of plow and hoe. If
nothing else can be done haul them out and
deposit them along the sides of roads or per
manent woods, where they may be reached
hereafter, should any use for them arise.
Don’t pile them up here and there over a
field, as was the old-time fashion. These piles
are too much in the way, and are nurseries for
bushes and trees. Everything that brings la
bor over and over again every year should bo
avoided, if practicable—open ditches, fence
rows, rock piles arc all in the category. They
are very expensive things.
there are many fields without
rocks, but there are comparatively few with
out grubs. Persimmon, sassafras, sweetgum,
-etc., are very wide-spread nuisances in our
fields. Cutting them down every year, an
inch or two below the surface (as is usually
done), keeps the part above ground tolerably
■mall, but the part below ground grows larger
every year, and soon becomes an un
derground stump, strong enough to stop
a plow. Now, is it not better to
take the necessary time and dig them
up entirely than to imperfectly grub them ev
ery year. Sometimes laborers may be employed
to dig them up by the job; a few cents apiece
or wage-hands may do the work at odd times
—and at leisure times—such as the present. A
farmer who hires laborers for the year, should
employ his labor on betterments, whenever it
You will be sorry if you do not get your
name in our Christmas box by subcribing,
renewing or getting us a new subscriber.
Only three weeks left.
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Some subscriber will get §SOO in gold as a
present. Will it be you?
can be spared from the crops. The feeling is
too widespread that little is to done on a farm,
but the making and gathering crops. This of
course is paramount, but improvement of the
farm should never be lost sight of.
Another much neglected matter on most
farms, are farm roads. Either there are no
permanent ways, or else, when present they
are located as chance or accident determined.
One or more roads should lead from the barn
to the more distant fields. Where the lay of the
land will permit roads should be laid off along
lines of level. This will prevent their wash
ing out into gullies; will prevent a head of
water accumulating along their hard surfaces
and breaking out upon cultivated land adja
cent to them ; will bo in harmony with the
terraces when the land is terraced, and will
facilitate the hauling of heavy loads over
them. When the lay of the laud will not
permit such level road to be had, a regularly
graded one should be made. Let it be laid off
like a hillside ditch, giving such grade as the
lay of the land demands. A ditch should run
along the road and on its lower side, to receive
the water which runs off the road. A great
deal of water accumulates on the hard surface
of a road of any length, and roads are fruitful
sources of gullies. If roads must cross
bottom land, locate them, if possible,
so they will crosss at narrowest and
firmest points; or where they will occupy the
smallest quantity of these valuable lands.
Sometimes, both for the sake of the grade and
for securing a firm footing, it is well to raise
the roadbed accross a bottom. For this pur
pose rocks are admirable. Such a roadbed
may servo as a breakwater across bottom land,
and its location may be arranged with refer
ence to that. A good fording place usually
fixes the location of the road, but this is not a
matter of much importance; a good bridge is
preferable to a ford, because a ford often inter
feres with the proper drainage of land by ob
structing the main ditch, making it too shal
low. The grade, also, in coming up from the
ford is often very heavy; this a bridge will
diminish. Make the bridge high and brace it
well. Don’t be under the necessity of having
to build a new one after every heavy rain.
Raise it above high water mark when first
built. W. L. J.
Damascus, S. C,: Ist. I have a piece of level land
with a light, thin sandy s >il, rather fresh and with
■ fair amount of vegetable matter, that 1 have just
gathered a pretty fair crop of corn from, and I wish
to prepare it for a cotton crop next year. Am will
ing to expend a moderate amount in the ir p.ro
tlon and am anxious to have your idea as to the
best plan for manuring and cultivation.
2nd. As a general rule for acorn crop will it do
to mark off stubble land now and bed out the rows
with a turning plow, preparatory to rebedding in
the spring?
1. Light soils, should not be plowed long in
■d vance of planting. The air penetrates them
freely, and they are not benefitted by expos
ure to frost. If you had sown your land in
rye a month or two ago it would have been
well. The rye would have gathered into .
itself the available plant food in the coil, |
■nd held it securely. Turned under in I
spring, it would have yielded it up to the
grow ing cotton. The best plan to pursue '
under existing circumstances, is to let the j
land alone till about the middie of March. I
then lay off rows four feet apart with large |
■hovel, and put in the drills all the com
■talks, and upon them a good dressing of I
compost. This compost made in the usual
manner, with horse and cow manure, (as !
much of the cow manure as possible), cotton
•ecd, acid phosphate and kainit. The follow
ing proportions suggested: horse manure, ten
bushels; cow manure, twenty to thirty bushels;
cotton seed, 30 bushels; acid phosphate, 400
pounds; kainit, 40) pounds. The above
■mount to be applied to not more than three
steres—if a good manuring is desired. Bed on
manure; tolerably high bed. Drag these down
just before planting to a moderate height,
and cultivate flat and shallow, from the be
ginning—using sweep or scrape only.
2. On stiff clay soils the plan vou pro
pose is a good one, but on light soils it is bet
ter to defer plowing till spring. Bed out just
before planting and plant in a rather shallow
water furrow, leveling off during the cultiva
tion of the crop.
J. M. 8., Anadarko, Indian territory: I am in
formed that melons, minus the seeds only, and plus
every good quality of flavor, size, color, etc., can to
abundantly and cheaply grown. Do you know how
odo this? Shall 1 tell you what the Indians say as
to how to grow seedless watermelons?
Should be glad to know how seedless melons
are grown, if the statement made can be veri
fied. We are very skeptical about it, but open
to conviction. Let us have facts, not fanciful
stories.
D. 8., Warrenton, Ga.: 1. Please let me know
where can I get hog n< S 3 rings to prevent them
from rooting up the ground?
Please state cause of grubs in cows’ backs; also,
preventive and cure.
1. Any hardware house in Atlanta
or Augusta can order them for you. Do not
think they are kept in stock at the south. You
can make them for yourself, however. Get
wire about the sixteenth of an inch in diame
ter, cut it in pieces three inches long,and bend
in form of a hoop,leaving ends far enough apart
to get it in the opening you make in the nose,
insert and then bring ends together.
2. A fly similar to the bot fly of the horse
lays its eggs in the skin on the cow’s back;
these hatch and the grub burrows under the
skin and feeds upon the pus caused by its
irritation of the flesh. If the backs of cows
are smeared occasionally with a mixture of
coal tar and sulphur the flies will not lay their
eggs in them. "You can tell when the flies are
about by the cows hoisting their tails or run
ning around rather frantically. After the
grubs are in, they may be squeezed out, or
may bo Killed by rubbing grease into the open
ing directly over them, through which they
breathe.
M. H., Osanippa, Chambers Co., Ala.: Is there any
machine that will thresh peas without breaking
them? °
A gentleman in Mississippi writes there is
such a machine, but he has not seen proper to
advertise it.
D. F. S., Union Springs, Ala.: I have 75 or
80 acres of very rich stiff bottom land, not
clear of stumps yet, that overflows and I lose
a crop of corn or cotton if a very wet year pre
vails. I want to sow it in oats in early spring,
and plant grass seed at same time. Can you
tell me what kind of seed to sow, and proper
time, and way to sow. Crab grass does not
grow after oats on the land; water or swamp
grass and weeds grow very fast; I made two
cutting of water grass after oats this year. I
want a grass that will not need replanting
every year, and that will stand overflow in
spring.
Os the cultivated grasses red top or herds grass
will be best' adapted to your land. It grows
best on damp soils. Will stand short, but not
long, overflows. The only grass we know that
will stand an overflow of five or six days is
bermuda; and if you wish to devote the land
permanently to grass, would advise setting it
in bermuda in preference to any other. It is
the grass for the south. But if you wish to cul
tivate the land again at some future time,
bermuda would be very troublesome on bot
tom land. Either redtop or bermuda will last
for along time after it is established. If you
sow oats in February, harrow the land as the
finishing off work, and about the first of
March sow two bushels of redtop seed per acre,
and if rains have compacted the surface
since the harrowing, harrow the grass seed in
very lightly. If the land has not been com
pacted, sow seed and roll the land; the seed
will bo covered sufficiently by the mashing
down of the little clods. Grass seed should
always be covered very lightly. If you choose
bermuda, get a supply of the so-called roots,
chop them up fine, sow them broadcast when
the oats are sown, and plow in with the oats.
If the weeds come up too rankly and there is
danger of the grass being smothered, mow
them down once or twice during the summer.
A subscriber in Darlington county, South
Carolina, wishes to get a large cotton seed
crusher, one that will crush tho seed from two
gins as fast as they fall from Jhe gin. Manu
facturers of such will please lake notice. We
do not know of one with that capacity. He
also desires a good plan for running crusher in
connection with gin. Can any of our readers
tell him how best to do it?
B. 8. F., Dry Branch, Ga: Please inform mo
where I can buy the genuine Herlong cotton seed,
and at what price?
Please don’t ask such questions. We have
no special facilities for obtaining such knowl
edge, and if we had, do not think it would be
fair to give parties having articles for sale free
advertising. Papers are sustained mainly
through their advertising, not by subscrip
tions; and we are not authorized to trench
upon this department of business of our pub
lishers. We are quite willing to let it be
Icnown that this or that article is in demand,
so that parties having them for sale may ad
vertise them. And the above inquiry is in-
that end.
B. F. E., Annana, Texas: Please give a remedy
to cure a wart, also for poison on a horse's leg.
Take arsenic, fifteen grains and lard one
drachm. Mix and rub on around wart once a
week until it drops off. Cannot prescribe for
poison, as we do not know what kind of poison
it is.
E. N. Thompson, Ala.: I wish lyou would give mo
the best method to make Irish potatoes for sale. I
have suitable land, near depot; how much fertil
izers per acre, how applied, how many bushels per
acre and the average price per bushel, and best
market.’ Our tab'.r is going to north Alabama to
the coal fields and wo must diversify our crops.
We have a fine stock county, grow grass on strong
lime lands for summer pasture, ami plenty of cane
for winter range, and good land and conveninees
for truck farm. Give me all the information you
can.
You are certainly very much blessed in your
locality. With the facilities for stock raising
you have, you can make large amounts of ma
nure, and with plenty of manure you can
grow large crops. Your surplus cattle could
be fattened on cctton seed meal or whole cot
ton seed, the cost of which would be in a large
measure repaid in increased value of manure—
and the money from beef sold approximate
clear profit. In like manner you conld run a
dairy at little expense and great profit—selling
the butter and raising pork on the buttermilk.
Buttermilk with a little corn meal i.s unsur
passed as hog food.
Irish potatoes grow best in light soils, and
such as abound in humus. Tho manure ap
plied to them should abound in vegetable mat-
I ter. Hence composts are preferable. Com
posts made by Furman’s formula are very
I gooff for the potato. So also is one made
of straw or leaves with a lies. Cotton seed
■ alone make fine potatoes also. Whilst coin
i mercial fertilizers will increase the crop, it is
better always to use them in connection with
some bulky vegetable manure—as rich earth,
I wood mould, lot • raping-;, rotted straw or
■ chaff, etc. Mixed freely ’with such, from 200
: to 300 pounds of fertilizers maybe applied to
I an acre. Open furrows three feet apart and
moderately deep—drop potato land apply ma
nure on top of it. From 130 bushels up to 400
may be made per acre, according to soil, ma
nure and seasons. enable to quote prices—
they are very variable. Those gotten to mar
ket early bring best prices. Only second crop
potatoes at the south are valuable for winter
use, and th< se are difficult to raise, it being
generally too dry and hot at the (hue the crop
THE WEEKLY CONSTITITION. ATLANTA. GA.. TUESDAY, DECEMBER 6. 1887.
should be started. As stated above the
true policy is to get them into market
(any of the large cities most convenient
to you) as soon as possible. Plant early
in moderately deep wide furrows and manure
heavily; cover at first by filling furrow in part
only, so that the plants when first up will bo
below the general surface. Then if frost
threatens, more dirt can be thrown into the
furrow, so as to cover up the potato and protect
it. This mode of planting facilitates cultiva
tion very much; a harrow run over at first
working will throw enough dirt into tho par
tially filled furrow to cover up and kill the
first crop of weeds and grass. As the potato
malfCs-.Mpid growth it should bo cultivated
rapidly, that is at short intervals, up to tho
time of blooming.
rrovidence, N. C.: The plan advised for keeping
turnips by Dr. Jones, in a recent number of Tub
Constitution, is very proper, but for one reason—
the turnips are liable to grow, as he says, if not
carefully kept cool. To prevent this, wo cut off a
part of the turnip with the top—enough to take tho
power ot growth away. The turnips will then keep
sound and nice and sweet, as far into the spring as
you want. Calvin Siler.
C. S., Providence, N. C.: Our sheep, are all now
fat upon acorns, and we learn from older sheep
raisers, that they will bo almost sure to die towards
spring, if not before. It is now too late to market
them. Is there any remedy? Please give us some
light, if you can. as to why they die, r.u I what may
possibly prevent death.
Your statement about probable death of
sheep is new to us, and wo are not in condi
tion to give advice. Possibly some of our
readers can tell all about it. Tho following
points have occurred to us: As acorns contain
a good deal of tannin, a very astringent sub
stance, it may be that sheep feeding long on
acorns may suffer from constipation, with at
tendant irritation of tho bowels. Again, as
acorns are quite concentrated food, partaking
of the nature of grain, it may be that sheep,
after feeding long on acorns and afterwards on
poorer diet, may suffer from defective nutri
tion. In this event, fairly liberal feeding witli
corn, oats and cotton seed may keep up condi
tion and health.
J. H., Evergreen, Ala.: I have some young hogs
that I wish to pickle when I kill. Please give di
rections.
When the meat is first cut up, sprinkle over
it a little saltpetre to draw out the blood and
cleanse it. Prepare a pickle as follows:
Water, one gallon.
Salt, 1J pounds.
Sugar, J pound.
Saltpetre, | ounce.
Pure potash, J ounce.
A larger quantity in like proportion.
Boil and skim as long as any scum rises. Af
ter it is thoroughly cold pour over moat, tak
ing care that the meat is entirely immersed.
The animal heat must be thoroughly out of tho
meat before it is put in pickle.
L. A. D., Mt. Olive, Wayne county, N. C.: I hive
a pony colt three and one-half years old, that is
shedding her middle teeth; she is very thin in flesh,
her appetite is good and she seems to be in good
spirits, her dung is of a darkish color. What is the
matter and what can I do for her?
It may be that the colt is unable to masti
cate its food properly. If so, meet the diffi
culty by feeding on ground food. A mixture
of wheat bran and oil meal (linseed meal)
would be suitable food. If the bowels are con
stipated, the oil meal will correct it. A pint
a day would be sufficient. Give three times
a week a teaspoonful of the following mixture:
Sulphur, saltpetre, powdered gentian and gin
ger equal parts, as a general alterative and
tonic.
T. L. 8., Chewalla. Tenn: Can dynamite be used
successlully in removing large stumps? If so, where
can I procure tho bombs and how to use them. Is
there any law in Tennessee forbidding their use for
that purpose. .
Largo stumps may be split up by dynamite,
but seldom lifted entirely out of the ground.
When split, they are much more easily re
moved. A hole is made in a slanting direc
tion immediately under the center of the
stump. The bomb is placed in the bottom of
the hole under the center of the stump, and
well tamped with earth. Success depends on
getting the bomb directly under tho stump
and tamping thoroughly. Where a stump is
in water there is no difficulty about tamping,
as water is the best possible tamp. Do not
know where you can procure the dynamite.
Hardware houses that furnish railroad sup
plies usually keep it. But where one has
many stumps, or where tho farmers in a
neighborhood could club together, it is best to
employ an expert and have him remove the
stumps by tho job. In the west, we are told,
parties make a business of doing this. Wo
are not familiar with the laws of Tennessee.
J. R„ Exeter, Fla.: I have a horse that has been
badly hurt (either by hard pulling or fast driving)
in the shoulders. I wish you would teil m: what
to do for him. He will go for a week all right, then
he will get so he can hardly walk. He is a little
more crippled in one shoulder than the other.
There is probably more or less inflammation
in the deep tissues of tho shoulder. Much
exercise increases it and brings on lameness;
rest allows it to subside, and lameness disap
pears for awhile. Counter-irritation seems
to be indicated—one or more rowels in tho
neighborhood of the trouble, with entire rest,
might do some good. Whilst under treatment
give little grain.
MARRIED IN GEORGIA.
In Villa Rica—Mr. A. W. Baggett to Miss L. Tol
bert.
In Cork—Mr. B. P. Bailey to Miss Rosa F. Streater,
In Geneva—Captain Dinkley to Mrs. Carrie
Jordan.
In Augusta—Mr. William M. O’Dowd to Miss
Alice Eveline Costellr.
In Cedartown—Mr. Chas. Wood to Miss Bessie
Prior; Mr. Steve Marshall to Miss Marie Waddell.
In Albany—Mr. E. D. Wolffe to Miss Lilia C.
C >ley.
In Marietta—Mr. R. W. Walton to Miss Eugenia
Wilson.
In Jeffersonville—Dr. Mark 11. Daniel to Miss
Pearl Napier.
In Atlanta—Mr. James M. Everette to Miss Bessie
Goss; Mr. J. L. Lawton to Mis. Bessie Mims Smith
DEATHS IN GEORGIA.
In Macon—Mr. Roland G. Lyon.
In Atlanta—Mr. George Woodfull.
In Newnan—Mrs. W. C. Snead.
In Augusta—Mr. E. W. Doughty.
In Gillsville—Mr. K. Elsey Evans.
In Oconee—Mr. Henry I’aw.y.
In Americus—Major W. A. Black.
In Hawkinsville—Mrs. Elizabeth Wilcox.
In Columbus—Mr. p. A. Camp.
In Ellaville—Major John Williams.
In Troup County—Mrs. Cynthia Hell.
In Macon—Amy Johnson.
In Daw on—Mrs. Francis I letning.
In Atlanta—Mr. William B. Mulligan.
In Panola—Judge Bi-rry Ragsdale,
lu Atlanta— Little Mamie White.
VVliat it Will ituy.
Our Christmas Present of j.%0 in gold will
come in mighty convenient to the subscriber
that gets it.
It will buy a heap of things.
It will start the farm along nicely and will
help all along during the year.
Kvery subscriber ha, just tho same chance
of getting It that every other subscriber has.
Y our chance is as good as any other subscriber.
If you don’t get the £5<X) you may get the
SJbO or the §IOO, or one of the other prizes.
In any event you will get the biggest and
cheapest family paper in the world. Bo sub
scribe at once and get your name in certain!
Think of what the §SOO will buy, if you get it,
and think of what a comfort Thk Constitu
tion will be if you don’t get the 8.700.
The cleansing, antiseptic and healing quail
ties of Dr. Cage's Catarrh Remedy are un
equalled.
GEORGIA AND OHIO.
Profits of Fam Ing m the Two
States.
MR % GLESSNER’SINSTRUCTIVE LETTER
Americus, Ga., December I.—[Special
Cerrespcndenco Constitution.]—A few years
ago I ran across a package of rusty brown pa
pers, neatly folded and tied up. Opening tho
package, I found them to be assessor’s returns
of “tax in kind’’ for the year 1804. Georgia
farmers will remember well this tax, laid by
the confederate government, by which they
were compelled to turn over to the authorities
a certain proportion of all the products of their
farms—one-tenth, if I remember aright. This
package of papers represents the returns from
Sumter, Schley, Webster, Stewart and other
counties in this section, and an examina
tion of them was to mo most interesting. I
was surprised to find in this cotton belt such
an amount of corn, oats, wheat, pork, beef,
and other provisions raised, fori had been told
that it was cheaper to buy provisions than to
raise them. I had been told that during the
war southwest Georgia had been termed “tho
granary ol tho confederacy,’’ and an examina
tion of these old papers convinced mo that tho
term was not misapplied.
Among the returns was forty-seven thousand
pounds of pork by one planter. This particu
lar item was impressed upon my mind by tho
fact that that particular planter was at tho
time I was looking over his “tax in kind” re
port buying pork at from fifteen to eighteen
cents per pound with which to feed his field
bauds.
At the close of tho war there were in tho
warehouses at Americus, Smithville, and
other points on the Southwestern road, thous
ands of pounds of pork belonging to the confed
erate government, which had been collected
as tax in kind and by purchase.
Here, then, was a section which for four
years not only produced enough provisions of
all kinds for homo consumption, but largely
supplied tho armies of tho confederacy, and
which now imports pork by tho carload from
the north.
What has made tho change?
So far as I can ascertain, there wore two
causes. During tho war necessity and the
commands of tho confederate government
forced tlie farmers to confine their labors chiefly
to tho raising of provisions. Immediately after
tho war cotton was so high in price that
every effort was made to raise as much
ns possible, and it was found cheaper to buy
provisions than to raise them. While this was
true with cotton at twenty cents per pound, it
was not true with cottoii at ten cents per
pound, but the habit had been formed and it
was l:ard to break—in fact, it seemed easier
to break tho farmers than it was to break the
habit.
Necessity is again compelling the farmers
of southwest Georgia to raise pork, and
within the past five years there lias been a
great increase in that product. There are now
comparatively few farmers in this section who
do not raise enough to supply their own fam
ilies, while a few raise a surplus to sell. But
the great bulk of pork which is consumed by
tho laborers is yet imported from the north
west. The freiglit alone on this imported pork
is an immense sum, and that much taken from
tho profits of the southern farmer. Os course
if this pork can be bought cheaper than it can
bo raised, then it Is economy to buy from the
north, but the question naturally arises, can
pork be profitably raised in Georgia?
To this question I have received many re
plies, but 1 have never been told that hogs
could not bo raised in this section. Intelligent
farmers, men who raise enough pork to supply
their own wants and have a surplus to sell,
have told me that they could raise pork at a
cost not to exceed three cents per pound.
Others have told mo that, taking into consid
eration the trouble and the certainty of having
a portion of their hogs stolen, it was cheaper to
buy pork than to raise it.
Those who claim that it is cheaper to buy
fiork than to raise it, generally have a breed of
logs of the Virginia variety, The anecdote is
an old one, but it is so applicable that I cannot
forbear giving it. A Virginia farmer was ex
patiating to a northern visitor upon the supe
riority ol liis hogs, which were long-legged,
slab-sided, ungainly beasts, and upon being
asked the particular point of superiority, re
plied, “Speed, sir, speed ; a hog that caii’tout
run a nigger in no good in this country.” These
“fast” hogs are turned loose in tho swamps to
make their own living—seldom ever looked
after—and when their owner wants a mess of
pork he calls up a pack of dogs, shoulders a
gun and goes hunting after his hogs, and when
lie gets one he can carry him home by the hind
log. I agree with this class of pork-raisers that
hogs don’t pay.
Those who claim to be able to make pork at
a cost of throe cents per pound, keep their
hogs up, feed them fairly well, fattening them
in tlie full on ground peas, sweet potatoes and
corn. But even these men have paid little or
no attention to improving the breed of their
hogs, and a two-year-old rarely runs over throe
hundred pounds.
I have seen some Berkshire*, Essex and
Poland Chinas that were as pretty as I ever
saw anywhere; but I must confess that there
are few of them. There seems to be no good
reason why these improved breeds should not
be raised, as they seem to do well, and J know
of nothing in the climate that would work
against them. Some few of our most progres
sive farmers have bought Poland Chinas, and
are trying to improve their stock.
As an evidence of tho profits of pork raising
in this section on a small scale, I give the ex
perience of an amateur farmer near this city,
who has twenty acres of land. Last January
he bought a sow and five pigs, for which he
paid SIG. Up to this dato ho has sohj SSG
worth of pork and has eight pigs left. He has
bought no feed for them, raising it all on bis
twenty acres, besides keeping some fine cows
and other stock. Nor does he claim any supe
riority for his breed of hogs.
As our farmers have, for years bought tho
bulk of their pork from the north, the
inference is that the northern farmer can raise
it cheaper than our farmers. While Ido not
admit this, it is well ta compare the methods
of the Ohio and Georgia farmers in this branch
of stock raising.
In Ohio the breeds of hogs generally raised
is Poland Chinas, Bcrkshires and crosses of
those breeds. These are generally known as
grazers, because they feed and hit teen upon
grass. As soon as the pigs are weaned they
are turned into a pasture field, making their
growth upon grass, and in tho fall are fed all
tho corn they will eat. At the ago of nine
months one of these pigs will dress three hun
dred pounds, and I have S"en them far exceed
that weight. At the age of one year it will
weigh from -KX) to 5<X) pounds. lint these
hogsjare taken care of and are not allowed to
run wild. Tho cost of raising them is com
paratively * nothing, and the farmers ot Ohio
have learned that the profit in pork raising is
tho growth of the animal, for when it
comes to fattening in a pen the food
cost nearly, if not quite, as much as the fat
will Brin,". YVi-rc it not for tho grass, there
would be no profit in raising either hogs or
cattle for the market. It must be remembered
that the Ohio farmer does not get for his pork
what tho Georgia farmer pays for it. The
drover, tho packer, the railroads and the com
mission merchants all add a per cent, and tho
aggregate i I largo.
Now, a few figures as to the profit in rnising
improved breeds ot hogs. A Poland (..'llina or
Berkshire one year old will weigh >OO pounds.
At six cents per punod, this would make s"l.
A common Georgia hog one|year old will aver
age 150 pound*, which at six rents would bo
E'|, or a little over one-third of tho amount
realized from the imprr.vi d breed. Ami then
we will venture to say that the l ominon hog
will have eaten more than the other.
Now, I't Us see what we con do at raising
hogs in Georgia. Given grass and improved
breeds, we can take our Logs through tho
■umn.cras cheaply as in Ohio. In the fall wo
canWnrn them in our fields of sweet po
tato! , chufas and ground peas, following that
up with a little coin to harden the fat, and
wo have pork at less expense than it ean be
made in Ohio. It will bo r<membered in
Ohio, that during the cold weather a consid
erable portion of the food is token in securing I
warmth, and that portion wo save. Then we
can raise sweet potatoes, peas and ground peas I
cheaper than the Ohio fanner can raise corn, ,
besides saving the cost of harvesting, as all wo
have to do in to turh the iiogr into the lie: jund
YOU WILL BE FOOLISH
If you do not subscribe to The Constitution at
once!
Why?
Because it is the best, bipg'sl, clwarc-t family
paper in America. Every Issue is worth the do'lar
you pay for a year.
Besides this you will get your name in our box of
ChrLtn as presents, and if your name is the first one
taken out you will get §SOO in gold: if second S2OO in
gold, and so on until the last present is given away.
You may not get the SSOO in gold; and you may
not get the §2OO in gold; but you will certainly get
the host paper for tho money you can get in the
world.
If you subscribe to any other paper, you get a
smaller paper, a poorer paper, and have no chance
to get a§. 00 present < r any other present. Can you
hesitate as to whh hto take? Won’t you be foolish
If you do not take The Constitution at once?
<w «■■■■•»—* -arraia—— r< jw-w wm ■: rrawn <*xaa*Mmai
they harvest the crop. There is another ad
vantage wo have in Georgia, and that is
there is not so much cholera among
hogs as in Ohio. It is true that wo have
some, but the proportion is small
In Ohio pork is a surplus or money crop.
I do not advocate that in Georgia, for our cli
mate is not so suitable for packing, although
I have seen pork packed in tho north in the
hottest days of summer, and now that we. can
manufacture ice in tho south ns cheap as it
can bo cut from tho lakes in the north, tho
time may come when pork will become an ar
ticle of export from Georgia. Ido advocate,
however, tho raising of enough pork by our
fanners to supply the home demand, as it can
not fail to prove a source of profit, to them, as
well as saving the heavy drainage of money
from the state!
"While sheep raising is not as profit
able as it was ten years ago, a
small flock of sheep is always
a source of profit on a farm. There Is no do
mestic animal so easily raised and that requires
so little care. Broken land, laud turned out to
waste can bo made to pay by raising sheep.
Put the old wasted hillside in burniuda grass
and they will afford good pasturage, for sheep.
The grass will prevent washing, tho sheep
will enrich tho land, and in a few years it will
be fit for cultivation. This is the manner in
which Hie farmers of the eastern Ohio have
utilized their old clay hills and made a profit
out of land upon which the average Georgia
farmer would have starved to death. During
hot weather there is no meat ao healthy anil
strengthening as mutton, and tho farmer who
has a flock of sheep need never be at a loss for
frosh meat. For this alone it will pay a far
mer to keep a small flock of sheet). It is tine
that we are cursed with numbers of worthless
dogs, tho greatest, enemies of sheep; but their
depredations ean be prevented by arianging to
have your sheep come every evening to the
barn yard Jamotig tho cattle. And this re
minds mo of one important feature in stock
raising.
In Ohio most of farms are so arranged that
the cattle, hogs and sheep all come up every
evening into the barn yards and there remain
overnight. There are two very important ad
vantages in this plan. The farmer can thus
every day watch his stock, see their condition,
seoifauy are ailing or missing and thus take
immediate steps for their recovery. The Ohio
farmer mingles with his stock, a< customs them
to his presence, handles them and can control
then), for he well knows that the more domes
ticated his animals are tho better they
will thrive. lie can go to sleep feel
ing that his livo stock is secure
from prowling dogs or are not getting into mis
chief. Tho manure thus gathered is alone
worth more than the trouble. It <an be scraped
up into heaps or placed under shelter, and only
those who have tried can realize the amount
of the most valuable fertilizer thus secured.
It is but little trouble to accustom your slock
to come up every night. A few ears of corn
thrown to them, a little salt sprinkled in a
trough, will soon induce them to come up, and
the habit thus formed will become a second
nature.
But tho greatest of all features in stock rais
ing is grass. Don’t forget that.
W. L. Glbssnkii.
Be sure to get Hood’s Sarsaparilla if you
want an honest, reliable medicine. Do not
take any other which is alleged to bo ‘ about
the same,” or “just as good.” Insist upon
having Hood’s Sarsaparilla, which is peculiar
to itself. Sold by all druggists. Try it.
How a Russian Emperor Was Murdered.
From the Edinburgh Review.
The conspirators first met and drank pretty
deep into the night, so that none of them were re
ally sober when they appeared before Paul. They
had already murdered the sentry in the passage,
and, on finding that the door to the emperor's room
offered some resistance, Pahlen broke it open. He
had in his hand when he did so a snuff-box given
him by Paul only a few days previously, when tire
emperor had spoken to him of a conspiracy on foot,
and when Pahlen had reassured him by asking liow
that could he. “For if there were such a thing, I
should be sure to have heard of it.” Now, the half
naked czar confronted Pahlen with the angry ex
clamation: "What,you there, Pahlen!” B nlngsen
then stepped forward, acting as spokesman for tlie
rest, and told the emperor he must abdicate. Up to
tills moment, thanks to the complicity of tim ollioer
on duty nt tiie foot of the staircase, the conspirators
bail had It nil their own way; but now a noise
frightened them and made them fear that a rescue
was being attempted. It really came from the em
press’room. Hhc, heurit'g the scuttle, ran out and
swooned at the back of Paul's door. An attendant
offered a glass of water, but the (k Snir kon guard
in her pnsscg', f aring treachery also in tills
case, dashed down the gins* and ran to till another
from aio ir- c he knew was unpolsoned. Mcauwhde
to the frenzy of tnelr deep potutlons the conspira
tors now added the Himiilunt of fear. Paul must
die; ho must not be res med, must not survive to tell
who had threatened him, nor even to plot, In un en
forced i i.iitinem nt, vengeance on those who bad
robbed him of power, lie hud ulrca ly P sled the
trapdoor, andon Lading it locked bad given way
■to a paroxysm of tenor and fury. Then It was that
the armed men closed in upon him; tl o brothers
Zubow, so eager for revenge, being the keenest, mid
Nicholas Lubow striking the first blow with a ebalr.
Tills prostrated him. The sash of Pahlen seemed to
be tho weapon most suitable for their purpose
namely, to Inflict a vto'ent death which should
leave few traces of violence, and which might be
ascribed to a lit. The Courlgiider's sash was tied
around the emperor’s neck, and then the officer on
guard fa Russian pur sang) noticed a strange In
stance of the divnlly wliieh, in the native Russian
breast, does hedge in the white czar. All the R is
sians fell buck, rind as Henin,'.'sen pulled tl e ends of
the scarf to strangulation, they suhl to each other
aside and in Russian, "It is a dog’s trick -bi tter let
the German dog do it.”
The Splendor ot Dresa
and tho artificial effi cts of cosmetics, no mat
tor how deftly applied, can never make beauti
ful or attractive, one who is subject to emacia
tion, nervous debility, or any form of female
weakness. These must be reached by inward
application, and not l>y outward attempts at
concealment, and tho ladies may take hope
from tho fact that thousands of their sisters
have made themselves more radiant ami beau
tiful by the use of Dr. Pierce's “Favorite
Prescription” than they could ever hope to do
by the aid of the appliances of the toilet.
When Many Will Strike for More Pay,
From the Rochester Pon Express)
Tho frugal householder who has a sleepy
servant, would do well to lay In an Edison phono
graph|and place it in position so that a turn of t'm
crank tixv-o cold mornings would shoot out Iri small
cupn '‘Co>:s, Muir. Tin: little Binns abe hixoino
TIIEIK F.ABLV MOIIMNi; LAV," to be followed by fids
in caps. “WILL-.you-OCT-UP-ALD -LIGHT
'HIE-FILE' '
- ——
The Man hi tho Moon*
How does tho sailor know them is a man in
tho moon? Be ;r.; e iu: Las been to ace (sea)
and states that wher* ver he has a cough or
cold he takes i >yl' r's Cherokcu llcmcdy ot
bwcct (Juin and Mulb : n. •
*
TJJLECKAFH BIIEVITIES.
State Auditor F uller, of Arkansas, died yes
tcrdiiy, nt Llttl • Kock.
A farmer, named Irby, residing in Marlboro
c-.unts, - . yesterday ..hut and killed two iKgiovs,
who attacked him.
A six-story building, 7H Bowery, bunted in ’
New York yesientHV n't-moon. The llanics Bpieud
so rapidly that the inmates had u narrow cbch)**,
Henry Ovcrstftltz, president of the insolvent '
Fifth National bank, rnd ■ x-msyorofbt.LuuU, d|ed !
yesterday morning of U art dimufe.
More Testimony.
EVERY DAY THEY COME AND ARg
NOT WITHELD IN THE '
NIGHT TIME.
Testimonials by the
Constantly Pouring in.
HUE ARE A FEW RECEIVED YESTEROAYt
•■■■■■■
Gn.MER. Texas. November 25,-
Constitution Pub., Co., Atlants, Ga.
Dear Sir: 1 have received the
Premium High-Arm Machine I ordered
some time ago. It Is all you represent
it to be, and more too. My wife, alter
testing it In every particular, is perfect
ly delighted with it, and thinks that
there is none other tetter. It is equal
to the §ls innchines that agents are
selling in this part of the country.
\ cry truly, J. H. Mings.
TI!Q Higli-Am Willi Paper, $22
Tlie Low-Arm Willi Paper, $lB
WWW MAA. OI>X»MOtWWIBa*r*Y3MraMMaMI
t
llightowe n, Ga., November, 26.1.587-
Ennous GoaNstitition, Atlanta Ga.
Dear Sirs: I have received the ma
chine bought of you. and am well
pleased with it. I think it all you
recommend it to be. It does Its work,
well and rapidly. Yours truly.
A. \Y. Wti.Kir.
Tlie H Win Will Paper, $22
Tlie Low-Ann Wi h Paper, $lB
Eden, Ain., November, 28, 1887.
PnoPHitToRM Constitution Pub., Co.,
Atlanta. Ga. - Dear Sir: I received my
machine in good order. Have tried it
on all kinds of sewing and am well
plea; cd with It. It is noisless, runs
lightly and \\ irks well. I hope my
nciglibo s will see it before they buy
one from the iv cuts, for I Javed 925.00
iu buying from you j;nd g->. a good
paper one year in the bargain.
Youib Duly, Ja< A. Pattekson.
The Famr, $22
Tlie Low-Arm Willi Paper, $lB
—i-iTr ’v— irwwr •■iifiwuM*K*Tniw—m.ai— —mi—i
Statesville, Ga., Nov., 28, 1887.
Constitution Pup., Co., Atlanta, < a.
Dear Sirs: <mr sewing machine w» s
received in due time and gives perfect
bUtisfaction. It is ns good as the best
and is all you represent it to be. ?
Very truly, Annie Lee II vys.
"y-TFH r~ Ti—nunnmwi——[
TH r HIGH ASM WHH PAPFR, $22,00,
IHE LOI-AHM M POT, «!.M,
Neal’h Landing, Fla., Nov., 28, 1887—
Dear Sirs: Tho High Arm Machine
as ordered for J. W. Rodgers has cc-mo
to hand with all the attachments ad
vertised by you. The machine is a
beauty and works all right on all kinds
of goods. Mr. ami Mrs. Rodgers say
they would not take $45.00 for their
machine and are wonderfully pleased
with it. Respectfully,
Rev. W. R. Tali by.
THE HIGH-tHM WIIH PAPER J22.W.
HE LOW AFM WI’H PAPER, W,M
Hex Mjlek Station, Nov., 27, J 887.
, Editors Atlanta, Ga.
Dear Sirs: 1 have delayed to
writing you in regard to your Premium
High Ann M chine. We have hsfed
it thoroughly on all kinds of sewing,
and it comes up to everything you
claim for it. Everyone who has seen
ami examined It; pronounce it to be
the best they ever saw. It gives com
plete satisfaction. Very truly,
F. C. Pierce.
THE ARM WITH PAFE, $22 00.
THE LOW-ARM tfl'H PAPER. SIB.OO.
Reynolds. Ga., November 20,1837.-
Publishers Constitution, Atlanta, Ga.
Dear Klro: 'ld o machine 1 ordered
from you a few weeks ago, has arrived,
and 1 tliink it is the prettiest machine
J ever fu.v for the price. J would not
give It for any $50.00 machine I ever
saw. My neighbors say they must have
one, ami 1 think y u will sell a great
many here. I have tried it on all
kinds of cloth, ami am well pleased
with its work. Very truly yours,
M. C. Casey.
The lligh-Am With Paper, $22,00
The Lw'-Arn With Paper, SIB.OO.
Weatheiw, La., Novcmber2B,lßß7.
Dear Sirs: ’1 he Premium High-
Arm sewing machine that I bought of
you some time auo is all that you claim
it io be. My wife have tried it on nil
Kinds tA work, and pays it is as good a
machine a l -) she has ever used.
Respectfully, P. F. Terry.
The High-Arm With Paper, $22.00.
The Lw-Atin With Paper, SIB.OO.
Lawrenceville. Ain., Dee., j, 1887.
Constitution pub., Co., Gent-.: The
loOW'Arm machine received o! you
proved to b< ail rigid, and 1 hui well
pleaded wdtliTt. It dow Its work well
and gives-Hl sfactlon in Ul kh ds of
work, it h a machine that I can
recommend to those who •losko to buy.
Respectfully, E. W. Norton.
IH- H GH-EIM WITH PAPER, $22.08/
IHE LOMtiH TO PiHH slß,lll.
7