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8 FARMS AND FARMERS. Short Talks With the Men Who Guide tho Plow, OF GENERAL INTEREST TO FARMERS- Balancing Account*. The year’s work is about finished—bow do tho expense and profit accounts stand? How many farmers can answer that question? Has any account been kept? or has the farmer gone on blindly, not knowing whether he was mak ing any money or not? V, o fear this lias been tho case with most farmers. They keep no books, and have very vague, ideas of how much money has gone out, and sometimes not a very definite one of how much has come in. Many realize, perhaps, at the end of the year, that they have no money; but they do not know how much has been spent on the farm, and how much for family purposes. They may have empty pockets, and yet have mode mom y, for family expenses may have consumed it nil. Jiow, this is very unsatisfactory. If one is not making any money farming, he ought either to change his methods or quit the bu-lnos. Sometimes a farmer makes money nt one point in his farming operations and loses it at another. Sometimes he makes with one crop and loses with another. Some times he clears money on one field and loses it on another. But how is lie to know this with ttnt keeping accounts? There is nothing that would open tho eyes of a farmer jnoro than keeping accounts nothing that would lead him more surely into tho right methods. others may agree with him that lie is losing money, but ho is not convinced. He loves bis farm : it is his own; he lias faith in l.is land and faito in himself, too. Everything predisposes him against being convim <d. Put let him keep his own figuresand the case is entirely Changed. It is sulf, against self, and his eyes arc mm h jnoro easily opened. Other people's figures lie, but his do not. Men will believe in their own things. Each one's watch keeps the true time. Each gne’s kun shoots the best. ’I lie only course, therefore, is to got self against self; and this in the farmer's case is attained by getting him to keep iweounts to have his own figures offset each other. In this way ho may lie convinced; and conviction once se cured, there will be no farther difficulty. If a farmer is perfectly satisfied that he is losing on any operation, he will quit it. Ihe trouble is, he is rarelyconvinced. Ho may toll others there is no money in cotton, but deep down in his In art he believes there is. lie may admit to himself that homadenomoney on it Homo particular y- ar, but tho fault was Hot in tho cotton crop. It was too wet or cold n spring, too dry or too wet a summer, too wet Or too cold a fall, frost came too early. There is always something that shields his pet from Censure. If a farmer has kept no books it is still pns Bible lor him to get at the facts. Sometimes it is. The mercliunts k< ops books for some farm ers; they buy everything nearly on credit, and Iteifiizcd accounts of their merchants will bring tho year's transactions pretty well before them Let them get that and study it. Ou the one side are tho advances and purchaiics, on the other tho credits by cotton, etc. It will boa pretty fail representation of tho year's work on tho farm as it whole. It may not bring out, however, tip' comparative results from different fields. This is one of tho most important items. On many ami many a farm tho profits from a good field go to pay tho losses on a poor one. llieh bottom lands produce corn and fodder to feed jnulcu to cultivate poor uplands that do not pay the cost of cultivation. OnO Belli cot ton may make from a half to three-quarters of a bale to the aero; another from a fourth to a third of a bale to the acre. Had he cultivated tho first only, the farmer would have made some clear money, but when ho cultivated tho second also, he lost as much as he made on tho first. On one field the guano he applied paid him a handsome profit; on another it did more harm than good. Hut us the cotton 'from both is put into a common heap, tho farmer doosnot realize this. Don't you think that many a field would be thrown out to rest, or sown in grain, it tho Owner had kept a strict account with it, and found at the end of the year that ho had spent more on it than the crop returned him? Tho trouble is, that in the absence of accounts the farmer does not realize this; ho is reluctant to believe his laud is so poor, ho thinks bettor of it; bo gives it the l>cncfit of the doubt; he will hot bring in a verdict of guilty; a mistrial is IMinounced, and the case drags its slow length along for years. We do not wish to hurt any Cue's feelings, or decry tho value of his pro. iiorty, but we are forced to express our belief (hat about one-half the land in the older cotton status does not more than pay the expense of cultivation. W. L. J. A. A. H„ Puckett's Station, Ga.: la the adieu from stone coal of any value as a fertilizer, and Vbat is the iinai -b of .'..me ? Contains traces of potash and other mineral ingredients, lias about the sauio luiimiriiil value ns loam or sand, with no vegetable mat ter in it. It is valuable for loosing up stiff clav , tho fiction being mcchauical, not diem icai. A. K. W . Golold, Ga.i I. 1 saw a receipt in your department to pickle beef, but have lost it. 1 liave a large, fat bull i w add like to pickle. I'lenso give Hu- receipt ai nil. 11-'. i, what Is go,-i to give a young dog tor w onus.' 3. What will prevent hog Cholera. Ist. Receipts for pickle vary slightly. Hero is a good one: To every 100 pounds of meat, take eight pounds of alt. two quarts of mo- F’sscs, ami a quarter pound each of cooking Soda ami saltpetre; add water enough to cover inoat . bring marly to a boil, skim oft' all scum, mid Wb.cn cold and moat is cold, pour on tho latter, and sco that it is entirely covered with the pii kle. 2d. Mix with feed spur grains each of cop peras and gentian root, (powdered,) and one- Eixtecnth ot a grain of uisenie, and give above quantity twice a week. lb 11. IL, Chipley, Via.. Pecemlicr 10. ISS: rmw give me your best formula 10l Irish potatoes: also kind of anil best adapted k>r same Mino is s andy (all not naturally rich. How many bushels to the ncie is the pro)>er airouut l> l-e planted ? We am arningiug to plant foi ii.-ri.' rn markets and w . h all t v information you can iveu- nil the Inlonim tiou ymi cun us to time to p ant, tow mi between FvW-nndtiow far apart in drills. A mu ly soil, if filled with humus, is la st for the Irish potato, if the soil is destitute of vegetable matter, ni.iV it compost into which It outers largely. One in w hich nitrogen, pot n-li and phosphoric a, id are present also in full quantity is desirable : 200 pounds of acid phosphate. 200 jafunds of kaiuit and 300 pounds of cotton seed meal, mixed with cow manure. let scraping . rich mould, thirty wagon load* m all, will mauure one acre, if powibto. mix all above ingredients into a com jHWt a month or six weeks la-lore its applien lion. It may l*c usvti. howwvr, without pre- Vh-lls ~ II . . . . . | r , „ j, ~t npan. iqa'll drill moderately deep mid wide anddiop petnb mh,. apart. Ex.. tin very 11. h soils, large si tv make tho b. cure- M «l- -.i.’ely sized !■ •t.Uoes cut in l ull m ,ko good -its. Vl-mit so rteeti bushels of i ced per Sets and throw on< notiglt din to cover m.inure, but not quit.- fill the furrow. When t tit•< - begin t e..m, (1 p ~», , l tow bl , Nl( i , t , , tba field. This wit . ~ '.'..,,g 1 . !^.!1 ,d w.eds in the drib, and (Ur: off the crop clean. Tire tunc fin planting, \ a with latitude; you UV . it. r consult \ e.- tieighlsirs on this pumt. here trust occ. a, plant as early as TIIE WEEKLY CONSTITUTION, ATLANTA, GA., TUESDAY, DECEMBER 20, 1887. possible to escape being killed by spring frets. White House, Texn«: I have tried put manure around young fruitrtre- . fraa tic h z pen, early In the spring, w lien It is wet, and t o’, erm ' with eoil. It Is excellent to start them to : ;rrow. I saw in Field and Farm statlivr lin t a man pit two pigs In a pen around a I.e C >me pear tree; he raid their rootJtg up the soil started the tr. a togrow. I tried the manure without the pigs and find it ex cellent. G. I>. IIOItTON, W. H. AV., Sunny Side, Tenn.: 1. I want to know if “Johnson grass” can Ire eradicated when once set. 2. Does it make good hay ? and what is its value compared with timothy? 3. I; it. an early growth for spring pasture? •1. Is ft a good grazing grass? 5. Does it injure the land, or will it improve it? 6. What is the best way to get a set, by seed or roots? 7. How mnch need to an aero? and when should they Ire sowed? H. If roots, how planted? 11. Will it grow on thin land ? 10. How often cut on good land—say bind that will yield SO bushels com tier acre? and how much hay will such land yield? I. Have never seen it done, but it is claimed that close grazing through a season will de stroy it. 2. Yes, if cut before it gets too old. It Is rather coarse, but in nutritive value does not fall far behind timothyXif cut at proper stage and well cured. It ought to bo cut not later than in “boot.” 3 and 4. It is not well adapted to grazing. It conies up tolerably early in the spring, about the time corn usually comes up. Easily killed down to the. ground by frost. 5. If mowed and taken off tho land it will exhaust it after awhile, and so will any other crop. Inasmuch as it yields heavily, Hie ex haustion is comparatively rapid. G. Easiest by seed, but readily by roots when they can be conveniently had. 7. Seed do not germinate well, and a liberal quantity should be sown from three pecks to a bn.-hel per acre. This should be done at Jcorn planting time. -. Cut roots in pieces and drop one every ■ step in third furrow, when breaking the land. !•. A ery - lowly and poorly, but it will stay there ; it will not die out. 10. If rains are plentiful, it may he cut three or more times in a season and will yield on i nch land i s you describe three or four tons a yi ar. As stated before, it must bo cut before it get* too old or it will be absolutely worthless. .1. ft. V., Kim-bean, ( hilton county, Ahi.: First, I wish to save some grass; w hat sort would you ad vise. Tire land is up bind, sandy soil, but has a elay mi' soil. II ~v best prepare the land mid how much to the acre, and what time It Is bc.-t to save. As I am not familiar with tho culture of grass, I i;.»l: you these question-Jis I am willing to be guided by your advice. Second, I wish to know if burmuda ...qnsi will grow on upland, an<l hovv can I get seed and what tho cost, is it planted and at what seicv n of toe year. Will itgrow on our sandy land, If so, I wish to plant two or three acres. Ist. It is assumed fliji). yon refer to tho cul tivated winter grasses. These will not grow to any profit on poor land. Unless you arc willing to make Hie huid very rich, it is wise to let those grasses alone. Hut if you have very rich land, sow tall meadow oat grass. It is b< J adapted to light soils. Break tho land well and harrow it until all tiie clods are bro k< n, and the soil is very firm. Then sowjtwo buslicls of si ed per acre and brush them in as lightly as you cm. Do this the last of Febru ary. Don'! let any stock graze it tho first year, and if weeds threaten to smother the grn s mow them down. 2nd. Yes. bermuda grows finely' on rich upland. Will grow on any kind of land, but bettor on rich than poor. It would probably be mere valuable to you than any otliar grass. It is a summer, not a winter grass. Supplies grazing from April to November. Some seed were on tho market a few years ago—imported from some place—but we never could learn its history. Do not think any bermuda seed is now on sale. The grass is propagated by pieces of so-called roots. The e cut up in small pieces are sown broadcast and plowed in like grain, or dropped at short intervals every third furrow, when plow ing tiie land in early spring. It spreads pretty rapidly if the land is ricli and makes a dense sward. Hard to get rid of when onco established. Don't put it about orchards, gar dens, or any land yon are not willing to give up to it indefinitely. Yet, witli this drawback, it is the most valuable of all the grasses. .1. J.: I am a "two-mule ' farmer, and as I am only able to buy one kind of harrow, write to ask you whether the "Acme,’' “Disc” or "Thomas Smooth ing'' would be b< »t li r a man in my condition to In vest in. 1 want It principally fur puttins- bind iu oats and In .Ichnsou grass iu condition lor the mower after it Is broken up. If limited to the three imntioned, would select the disc harrow. It will pulverize land deeper and more thoroughly than tho others; biing.no trash to the surface, and covers grain very well. If followed by- a roller, land can be put in best possible condition for the mower. The shares harrow is also a must admirable pulverizer and smoother of laud, and unex celled for covering grain. IfT. I . 11.. ('hewalla. Tenn . will write to mo I think I can give him nil the information ho wants about dynamite, as 1 have hud some experience witli it. Respectfully. .7. A. Donnax. Centre, Cherokee county, Ala. It. O..’.liiiiit, Emanuel county, Ga.: 1. Isthcro any boot, ireatiimeu how to eultlvnte the ealiluus pci'it, mid wtiere nt. Are there auy seed, or do you have to set it out'.' VV Isere can either or both (that Is seed or plant) be pns-ured'.' ■l. tv but is It worth tier pound? 5. Wln re is the best market to sell? c. Would be alnd t<> have your views on howto cultivate it, also t) o soil that best suitsit. 7. Would like to know what is the best method to e<ini|H'.-t e >w li t manure, with such compost ns you think best. Laud Is light. S. Also what comp.,st or ingrediencc is best to mix w itli cotton seed wheu you have no other ma nure. Ist. None that wo know of. 2d. Propagated by pieces of so-called roots, they are truly stems running along the surface of the ground, or just below it. Grows very much like the common flag or iris. :id. Not advertis d by any one that lias come i under our notice ; but one or two correspond ents of.ttiK Coxstiti’tiox mentioned some [ weeks ago that they could supply gome of the sets. Consult “1 arms and Farmers " in back numbers. 4th. Do not know. eth. Italtimeie, Philadelphia and New York, ('■th. Grows best in wet. springy land; re quires no cultivation but to pull up by hand any other growtli that may interfere with it. 7th. Cow manure rots and turns into plant food vcry slowly hence it is best to mix it with some more active kind,like horse manure. Two thirds ot eow and one-third of horse manure makes a good mixture, which will ferment very well After it has fermented add acid phosphate .'.iy l(X) pounds to ’.Oil bushels of manure—mid apply to one acre in drill. Or yon might mix gre' «« vc'.t— seed w ith cow manure tn pin o ot stable manure—fifteen bi shcls of seed to cightv-live bushels of ma nure. Mix well ami make damp so it will fer ment well. After fermentation add 100 pounds of n id phosph ite and apply to one acre. 8 At id phosphate, kaiuit and cotton seed make wry < \ talent manure. For thin light land mix A* bushels of hoed with 100 pounds of at hl phosphate and 00 pounds of kainit, and apply u> an acre. J. C. >!.. MiUermn, La.: I. What is the pro) er otn'binaliau of- \Ut gp>iUsao phospho and wit n ed to make a ftfrtukcr lor t\>u inuu land* of dltler- cut a-.i-Ity. Say, for Otd worn-out land that will make from three hundred to five hundred pounds si -.4 cotton ]>cr acre, and how much should be ap pi:..ii p r acre, an I for lend rich iu vegetable matter lb . : will maxe from eight hundred to t- . clv • hi.n ■i; 1 pounds of seed cotton, and how mi c'■• should be applied per acre? 2. Is it best to make a compost of j ottasso phospho and cotton seed? Or will it do ns well to apply ench separately at Ixs i'ling time; ami, if the last is adopted, should the seed be killed dr put out green? 3. What is the comparative value of a ton of pottas io pliosplio and cotton seed (proper combination) and a ton of Scott'* go-sypium phospho? 1. Will an admixture of pottasso phospho with cotton seed improve them as n fertilizer for corn? If to, in what proportion shoull each be used ’ .-.eott’s pottasso phospho, containing muriate of potash in place of kaiuit, analyzes twelve to four teen per < lit available phosphoii acid and four to six per cent potash. 1. For the poorest land 100 pounds of phos phate to 2A bushels of cotton seed. Above quantity is a safe ami fair amount for au acre. If soil is filled with humus and well prepared fifty per cent more may be applied. For the rich st hind 100 pounds of phosphate to ten bushels of seed, and double that quantity ap plied to an acre is a fair manuring. By put ting part in drill ami part iu list furrows twice above quantity may bo applid to au acre. 2. If the seed are put in before the middle of February and covered so deep that they will not come up, it is just as well, perhaps, to ap ply the two separately, putting in tiie green seed and scattering phosphate on them. It is better to put the seed in green—not killed. 3. Ten bushels of seed to 100 pounds of phosphate makes a compost which by weight is about oac-third the value of gos sypium p.iospho—that is about 2,000 pounds of the latter is about equal to 650 pounds of the compost of seed and phosphate. This is given only as an approximate estimate. It is dfi.icult to make an exact one. 4. Yes. Phos pbatic manures almost universally increase tho yield of corn, and tiie addition of potash is also desirable —100 pounds of phosphate to every fifteen bushels of seed is a good mixture on ordinary land. O;i very poor land double the quantity of seed might bo mixed with the same amount of phosphate. C. V.'. T., Huntsville, S. C.: Can you tell mo any thing about tile draining? How deep should the ditches be, and how far apart? Where can the tiles be purchased, and at what price, or could it be done cheaper with logs or poles, and how long do you suppose idles or log* would last? Please give me some idea of how it is done, aud the advantages to be derived from it. I have u piece of land that I would like to tile drain, if the expense was not too great, and the advantages to be derived will justfy the outlay of labor and money. Tile draining will certainly help land. It makes it dry off sooner in spring, so that crops may be started on it earlier; and it keeps it from being water-sogged during protracted rains, and thus prevents the roots of plants from being killed off by excessive moisture. Some recent experiments, made under tho di rection of Professor Newman, of the Alabama experiment statjon, show that on some of the flat lands in middle Alabama, the yield of corn was increased fifty per cent by tilo drain ing. But it is expensive. Freight on tilesis $d ,000 IN MISTMAS (See Last Column of Sixth Page.) When you SUBSCRIBE to The Constitution you get the best and cheapest paper In America. On its merits as a newspaper it has grown from 9,000 to 112,000 circu lation IN THHEF. YEARS. IN TAKING IT YOU GET TUB BEST AND CHEAPEST PAPER- Besides Tins, you get a share in our “Christmas box” of Presents of SI,OOO cash. If you subscribe now your name goes in the box, which is shaken up on January 1, AND ONE NAME DRAWN OUT BY OUR AGENT. THAT NAME GETS SSOO, THE NEXT S2OO, AND SO ON THROUGH THE LIST. Some subscriber will get the SSOO on January 1. Why not YOU? Out of THE BOX OF SUBSCRIBERS’ NAMES, ONE NAME WILL COMB FIRST. It MAY BE YOURS. If SO, YOU GET SSOO AS A PRESENT. THE NEXT GETS S2OO, AND SO ON. SUBSCRIBE AT ONCE For every new subscriber you send in your name goes in again. Get up a club. heavy, if they have to be transported any dis tance. The cost of the tile itself is not more than one to three cents per running foot, ac cording to size. But, including digging of ditches, laying tiles and cost of tiles, the ex pense could not bo well brought under thirty to forty dollars an acre. The distances of the ditches apart depends partly upon nature of soil and depth of ditches. It varies from twenty to fifty feet. The doser the texture of the soil and the shallower the drains, the smaller the distance apart. A drain should not bo less than three foot deep. Tiles are manufactured in many places—some in Georgia—at Athens and at Milledgeville. There may bo other places nearer to you. The first cost of drains filled with poles would be less than those with tile, but the latter is cheaper tn the end. Poles under most favor able conditions (running water all the time) will not last more than fifteen or twenty years tiles will last indefinitely. When drains aro laid with poles, the latter must be put in very freely—near!j- filling the ditch with them, so as to establish a groat many channels between them, through which water may find its way— in case one gets filled, another is at hand. Put turf or brush on poles ami then fill with dirt, and jump over with plow first year, so that the dirt may become solid over the poles. W. O. 11., Harlem, Ga.: 'l. How can hogs bo slaughtered and meat preserved for family use in midsummer? 2. I have a cow with a young calf that gives bloody milk from one teat, find with her pre vious calf gave bloody milk from the same. The milk from the others,also, was not suitable for use; had a peculiar taste. 3. A mule, apparently sound, about 18 years old, looks line except in his left hip, which has dwindled away to almost nothing, and it scarcely puts that foot to the ground, but moves very sprightly on the other three legs. Any information as to these will be thank fully received. 1. In the largo packing establishments of the west, pork is cured in summer by cooling and by packing in ice houses.’ Without ice it is well nigh impossible to cure pork in sum mor. if killed late in evening, and cut up at once in small pieces, hung up in a cool place to get rid of animal heat, first springling it with a little finely powdered saltpetre, then putting it in pickle and changing to frosh pickle in four or five days, it may bo cured, but it is a risklv business. When in pickle it should be kept in cool cellar. 2. Your cow has inflammation of the udder (garget). The udder is divided into four lobes corresponding to the four teats. One lobe may l>e inflamed vi hilst the others are not. In your case whilst one is decidedly inflamed the oth ers aro more or less so also. See that the calf has lull opportunity to get all the milk of the bag at least twice a day. Do not food cotton seed, or cotton seed meal; these are disposed to stimulate the udder too much Give little grain of any kind ami let cow run on green pasture, if you have o. The shrinking away of mules' hip is duo to its not using the limb. A muscle which is not exercised, naturally shrinks up. What is the cause of its not using the limb, we have not sufficient data to say. It may be intlam matum in foot end joints from foot to hip. It may bo in the hip joint itself. Examine care fully and see if there is tenderness anywhsro, and report again. Subscriber, Copiah county, Misussippi. L 1 have a piece of land—about six acres—that I wish to plant In cotton. Please advise mo as to the best method of cultivating to bring about the best yield, and wl.est is the best variety of cotton seed to plant lor staple and pro lucliveness. The land is only tolerably goo<L Might produce one-third bale to the acre without any fertilizer. Can I manage and fertilize it so os to make one bale to the acre with out danger of burning the crop? On one side of the "patch” there ts aliout an acre of it called by far mers "craw-fish" bind. Wet and gravelly, how can this be Improved? Tiie land was t edded last spring but not cultivated. Was planted In corn last year, the stock has kept the grass and weeds down. Give mo plan fi r the first plowing, when or how, quan tity ol lerttl zt, the distance of the rows apart, and the distance of plants in the drill. 2. What is the best method of taking up pine stumps? Can they be twisted out by a long strong lever and chain by horse or ox team. I notice tliis recommended, but don’t know if it would apply to the pine st imp. 3. Which is the best poultry journal in circula tion. 1. You ought to hare described nature of soil, whether light or heavy', and whether fill ed with humus or not. Clay lands will bear heavier manuring than sandy'—land filled with humus will stand heavy doses of manure with out burning. • Assuming your soil to bo mod erately supplied with humus (having laid out a year), you might bring up Uio yield to a bale of cotton per acre by judicious manuring. Compost is the safest manure. Uno made by Furman’s formula—3o bushels stall manure, 20 bushels cotton seed, 400 pounds acid phos phate and 200 pounds kainit—will bo suitable. Let the land alone till about the first of April, then break it with two-horse scooter as deep as possible. If you cannot run such a scooter, turn over shallow with one-horse turn plow and follow in same furrow with long, narrow scooter. Follow plows with roller to break and mash down clods, and follow roller with deep running harrow, disc, shares or acme, and repeat the rolling and harrowing till the land is in very fine tilth. This done, lay off wide and deep drills four feet apart, and put compost in at the rate of one-half tho quantity mentioned above to the acre and list on it. In the list furrows put the other half of compost and com plete bed. This may be done one or two weeks before planting time. At planting time drag down the beds lightly, so as to reduce their heighth, and give a clean, fresh surface. Plant seed, covering lightly; chop out to one stalk every fifteen inches and cultivate shallow, with scrape, from first to last. Other things being equal, shallow cultivation is tho secret of making cotton. Not prepared to say which is the best variety of cotton. The “crawfish” part of land needs drainage. Tile draining would bo best, but is expensive; cost from forty to fifty dollars an acre. In tho absence of drainage, throwing up into hieh beds, and keeping the beds high all through the season, is the next best plan. It is also expensive as most of the cultivation has to be done witli the hoe. Would not risk heavy applications of manure on such land if not drained. 2. The stump problem is not yet solved. For farmers to operate, the plan you mention is probably the best. After the larger roots near tho surface have been cut through many stumps can be twisted out of the ground with a chain and lever, and a good ox team. 3. Don’t know. You will find a very good poultry’ department in the Southern Farm, published at Atlanta, Ga. L. Duffan, Texas: I have a horse that has been cut on barb wire, just in front of the hock-joint of the hind-leg. Can you tell me what will cure It up, and take off the ecar. It has been cut about four months. Apply tho following: Vaseline, one ounce, and verdigris one drachm. Or,carbinate of zinc, ono drachm, lard one ounce. Cleanse and dry wound and apply. If one fails try tho other. They are both good for healing sores. J. D. P., Canton, Madison county, Miss.: I have a young mule that is troubled very much with warts. Sometime age a deep-seated bloody’ wart made its appearance just above the eye. Sprinkled arsenic on wart every day for ten days. The arsenic seemed to form a hard crust or scab. Would shave off scab with sharp knife before each application of arsenic. Turned mule in pasture for three weeks and as I saw no improvement on tho wart I tried a paste of cobalt and lard, applied this every day for ten days. After waiting on this one month, the result is the wart looks very much worse, and four or five times as largo. It is now about four inches in diameter. Is it a wart, or is it|a cancer. If either, or whatever it is, please give mo a remedy to remove it. If the tumor is cancerous it would bo apt to suppurate. As you do not mention that feature, we infer it is a wart. Your best plan is to have it cut out. To correct tho tendency to wart growth, give the animal a half an ounce of sulphate of soda daily for somo weeks, and give also three times a week a drachm each of powdered copperas and gentian root. Feed liberally. C. 8. P: I have a lot of dried apple pomace on hand. Can you tell me if they are of any value or use. and if so what? If useful for feed for stock, how prepared? If for making beer, the method? When tho juice is expressed from the apple, little is loft but cellulose (woody matter) and a little starch. The pomace would rank then with the less nutricions forages—like grass cut after the seed were formed anp partially dried up. It misfit be I’B'd as forage by soaking In water or steamlngjit and mixing it with mea’.|or bran. We have no practical acquaintance with it as a feeding stuff. It contains too little sugar to be of much value ns a source of beer. Can any reader throw more light on thia subject. Subscriber, South Catalina: 1. I have about 1,000 bushels of cotton seed which I wish to compost with acid phospt ala, and I desire to know from you how much acid will be required. Give mo also your method of composting. 2. I have a field that is very heavily coated with crab gross: will it be ad visable to use the above o impost 10 bushels of it to the aere. or 100 or 150 pounds of ammoniated guano. 3 I also want to apply same guano to tho growing crop as an experiment: how will 1 go about it? Will it increase the yield enough to justify ono to try it? 4. Will it be well to turn under stubble etc., lu January or February for cotton. Ist. Quantity of phosphate varies with quality of land and kind of crop. For cotton on medium land ten bushels of seed to 100 pounds of phosphate is about right. Met the seed thoroughly and mix phosphate carefully with them Put in pen and tread down firmly to keep fermentation within bound. It will get dry during fermentation, and tho heat is likely to become too great. To obviate this make holes down through the mass and pour in water. It is bast to compost only a week or •o before applying. Where lot manure enters into the compost it should stand longer, but cotton seed is apt to injure and lose by long composting. Indeed, in view of this risk, it is rather better to put green seed directly in ! the drill, scatter phosphate unon it aud then I bed. 2d. One is about as good as the other. •3d. Application should be made at first or second plowing, because cotton cannot or should not be sided deep, and the manure put in siding furrow near the surface will require time to be carried down to the roots by rains. Scatter manure in siding furrows and cover with next furrow. TVhether this kind of manuring will prove profitable is not yet fully decided. It may be better to put additional manure in .the first listing furrows when bedding land. Please give us results of your experiments on this line. 4. Advisable to put off turning land as late as one can do it safely, aud yet complete the necessary preparations for the crop. A farmer should never be caught witli such a pressure of work j«st before planting time that it cannot be done properly. Thorough preparation is indispensiblo to making good crops. C. W., Bronewood, Ga.: Please give information as regards the most expedient and least expensive way of dissolving about 1,000 pounds of boues with out utilizing incinerated oak. The most expeditious mode of dissoving bones, is to break them up as fine as you can, put in wooden vessel, wet thoroughly, and then add slowly about half their weight of or dinary oil of vitriol. But as oil of vitriol is a dangerous aud troublesome thing to handle, this mode is not adopted to farm practice. The only other practicable mode, aside from mix ing with lime and ashes, is to mix the finely broken bones with some rapidly fermenting substance, like fresh horse manure. This will tend to soften and disintegrate tho bones. If urine is poured on tho mass from time to time it will intensify the fermentation and hasten the dissolution of the bones. W. S. G., Yorkville, S. C.: I wish to ask your opin ion with regard to cotton seed os a fertilizer. A gentleman of excellent sense and good judgment claims that cotton seed meal from which the oil has been extracted, is superior to the cotton seed iu a natural state. He claims that the oil in the seed, aside from not Leing a fertilizing element, will ac tually poison the soil. I contend that the oil in the seed is a fertilizing element, and that the extrac tion of the oil depreciates the value of the seed. I wish to know whether raw cotton seed or cotton seed meal is the best fertilizer. The meal acts more promptly than the whole seed and is easier to handle; the whole seed has to be killed before they are applied if the weather is warm. In other respects there is no special difference between the two—ten bushels of seed being about equivalent to 100 pounds of meal. The oil does not poison tho land, but has little or no manurial value. G. R., Madra, N. C.: I have a plat of land, about three aeres, which I wish to set in ' grape vines of different varieties. Would like to know if I can sow the land this tall or winter aud set the vines after the wheat is taken off next spring? Will you give a few hints in regard to the preparation of land for grapes, also the kind and quantity of manure required for them? Grapevines can not be safely sot out later than March, and wheat would not De harvested by that time. Neither would sowing the land in wheat be a specially good preparation for vines. Before setting out the vines the land should be deeply and thoroughly broken. The usual distance for planting is iir rows ten feet apart, and plants eight to ten foot in the rows. If the land is rolling the rows should be laid off on a level; then with largo turn plow throw out dirt on both sides,making a deep wide fur row. This done, very little spading or shovel ing will be needed to prepare the holes for the plants. It is well to work in a little manure in each hole. This should consist of cow ma nure and ashes; a little bone meal may also be added to advantage. Get one or tw r o year old vines. Cut off the tops leaving only two buds on the wood of the last year’s growth. Plant in sloping position, leaving only two buds above the sur face. Cultivate through spring and summer like cotton. When the buds shoot, rub off one, leaving the strongest and train it to a stake, so as to got one strong vine. B. F. 11., Marvin, Ga.: How does the “Duroc,” or Jersey red hog stand south Georgia? Do you think they are the hogs for this country? The firm I bougnt from has a stock farm in Tennessee, and they say they are the hog for the south. The pair I bought are the finest ever seen iu this country aud take almost nothing to keep them. Has not been sufficiently tested in the ex treme south to reach a satisfactory conclusion. Wc are inclined, however, to the belief that no breed excels the Berkshire. J. M., Barnesville: I have a fine young mule that is affected with something on knee of hind-leg; she bears but little weight on it while standing, when at work she favors it but little if any. There is an enlargement on front knee joint about the size of small egg, and sore when pressed upon. Can you tell me what it is and how to treat it. It is probably spavin. Shave the hair from tumor and apply bromide of mercury—one drachm to four ounces of lard—well rubbed in. When well blistered wash off and dress with simple lard. If the knot does not disappear, repeat the application in ton days. I. P., Greensboro, Hall county, Ala. I wish to put some hill sides iu bermuda grass, and write to find out which is the better and cheaper of the two fol lowing plans; Whether to buy the seed and sow with oats, or get the roots, of which there is an abundance near at hand. My plan is to get the grass started next year for a permanent pasture the year after, and I de=ire a crop of oats from the land the first year. Mention the best time to sow the iand. Don’t think you will find any burmuda grass seed on the market. Have heard of none re i cently. They were imported and sold in our ■ markets a few years ago, but none recently. 1 If the roots are convenient, got a full supply ; wash them, and then cut up in short pieces in : a straw feed cutter. Sow broadcast freely and plow in with oats. J. C. Jones, Wolfcn, Ga.: I wish some one in Texas to correspondent with me that can furnish jicans to plant. I also want to know if pecans will do weli in fresh land. The fresher and richer the land the better they will grow. The pecan is 'a species of hickory, and will grow well wherever the latter does. They Will Not Do It. Those who once take Dr. Pierce’s "Pleasant Purgative Pullets” will never consent to use any'other cathartic. They are pleasant to take and mild in their operation. Smaller than ordinary pills aud inclosed in glass vials; virtues unimpaired. By druggists. YOU WILL BE FOOLISH If you do not subscribe to Tux CoNSirTViiON at onee! I Why? Because it Is the best, bigg'st, cheapest family : paper in America. Every issue Is worth the dollar I you pay tor a year. Besides this you will get your name in our box of Christmas presents, and if your name Is the first one I taken out you will get 8590 In gold; ifseeoud 1200 In I gold, and so on until the last present is given away. Yon may not get the DOO iu gold; and you may ! net get the 8200 in gold; but you will certainly get I the lest paper for the money you can get in the ; world. If you subscribe to any other paper, you get a , smaller paper, a poorer paper, and Lave no chance > to get a8 0 > present er any other present. Can you hesitate as to which to take? Won’t you he foolish If you do not take Tux Coarrtrcriox at once? DURING THE WEEK. The Week’s Synopsis of General and Local News CONDENSED FOR OUR WEEKLY FRIENDS Tuesday, December 13.—A collision between two trains on the Chesapeake and Ohio railroad resulted in the killing of three men, among them’ being Conductor Frey Tickets for the Sulllvan- Miteliell prize fight in London sold os high as £ss»i ....In a difficulty between Charley Oglesby and Dave Swearingin, two negroes, in Elbert county, tho latter was instantly killed by the former by cut ting his throat with a pocket knife... .Thirty-five negro laborers on the Georgia Southern and Florida railroad attacked! a negro named Henry Ashwood, cutting and heating him in a lively manqer, from the effects of which he will die.... Frank Moss, a wealthy cattle raiser of Tazewell county, Va„ killed a colored mail carrier named Burke Gordon, so some trivial offense. Moss was crazy from the effects of a protracted spree, aud has been placed in a lunatic asylum. In the City— Hon. Gustavus J. Orr, state school commissioner, died at his residence last Sunday morning with congestion of the brain. Mr. Orr hast held the position of state school commissioner since’ 1872, being appointed to the effi e by Governor James M. Smith. He was a devout Christian and died a painless death, surrounded by his entire family and numerous sorrqjving friends. Wednesday, December 14. The firm of D. DeCiSiro, shipping and commission merchants, of New York, have failed with liabilities 81 ,(.00,000, assets 8750,000 William Finchum, sentenced to be hanged iu Rockingham, Va., for the murder of his brother, has been respited until December 30. Henry S. Ives, the absconding cashier of the defunct banking firm of 11. S. Ives & Co., who stole 8100,000 and skipped several months ago, has been arrested. He was bailed in the sum of 825,000, his sister becoming his bondswoman. In the City— Judge James S. Hook, of Augusta, has been appointed state school commissioner of public schools, vice Dr. G. J. Orr, deceased. Judge Hook was not a candidate for the position and mails no application for it, and was consequently sur prised when he received the appointment. Ilia term will expire on January 1,1889, soon after the session of the next general assembly’. Mr. E. H. Orr, who has had long experience in all the details of the office, will remain as first assistant.... The license to retail liquor in tho city has been fixed by the city council at 81,500, with the severest re strictions. Licenses will not be issued to sell whisky ou Whitehall lower than Mitchell streetj on Peachtree from the railroad to Luckle; on Ma. rietta from Peachtree to Forsyth; on Decatur from Peachtree to Loyd; on Broad from Mitchell to Luckie; on Mitchell from Forsyth street to White hall, and so on, the territory covering a radius of a quarter of a mile, where the saloons will be uudet the strictest police regulations. Thursday, December 15. —E. W. Marshall, one of the most prominent merchants of South Carolina, died in Greenville on Wednesday, in the 68th year of his age. He was a director in the First National bank of Charleston... .E. S. Harper, tho ex-banker of the Fidelity bank of Cincinnati, who was sentenced to ten years in the penitentiary for appropriating a few hundred thousands to his own Use, has entered upon his duties at that institution, donning'thd ktritiCs just like'the rest of the'"eeHb onre; mon herd” The business portion of Orange City, Fla., was reduced to ashes, causing a loss of 820,000. Marietta was visited by a fire which destroyed two or three business houses, entailing a loss of 825,- 000, with 818,000 insurance.... Pompey Calhoun, a negro, dropped dead on Broad street, Augusta. In tub City— Captain Mercer, of the police force, was put under a 8100 bond for resenting the insult of a prisoner whom he had arrested by knocking him down with his stick....Two negroes beeama engaged in a quarrel at a dance iu a house on Tan yard branch, when Gordon, one of the parties to the row, drew his pistol and sent a bullet crashing through the mouth of Hooper, his adversary, lodging in the back of ills head. Hooper lived only a few hours, when he died in great agony. Friday, December 16.— Joseph Knight, book keeper of th i Manufacturers’ bank, of Philadelphia, has been arrested for robbing the bank oi 8. i ,CCO. It is said that be had been taking money for the past twenty-five years, and lias just now got enough St. Augustine, Fla:, was visited by another disas trous fire, this time destroying property to the amount of 8200,000 Governor Bodwell, of Maine, died from congestion of the lungs, caused from ex posure and overwork Mr. Frank Gordon, son ot Governor John B. Gordon, W’tts married in Washing ton city to Miss Kilbourn, a wealthy society belle, of that city. The wedding was a brilliant affair, the church being filled by distinguished people, among whom were Senator Brown, Senator Colquitt. Mr, Randall, Assistant Postmaster-General Harris. Mrs, Justice Miller. Mr. and Mrs. Mu’drow, Mr. and M S 3 Chandler, Miss Foster, Mrs. Lamont, Mrs. McPher son, Daron Von Sedartz, and many others Mr. John Allison, secretary of state, Tennessee, and Miss Sadie Vaughan, were married at the First Presbyterian church, Nashville, Mr. A;q son hag been secretary of state for several years, and was a candidate for the democratic nomination tor « governor before the last convention and is spoken ot as a candidate injlßßß. His' bride is the youngest, daughter of Colonel Michael Vaughan, of that city and is accomplished and beautiful, possessing all the many virtues that go to make up a model young woman. DIED IN GEORGIA. In Macon—Mr. W. P. Goodall; Mr. J. E. J. Franks; Mr. Joseph E. Wells. In Atlanta—Hon. Gustavus J. Orr; Mr. Afton B. Cook; Mrs. Alfred Dorsey; Mr. Mike Butler; Mr. R. F. Atkins; Mrs. Catherine E. Valentino; Mr. Robert F. Atkins: Robert M. Rosser. In Fort Valley—Mr. Henry Sistrunk. In Hawkinsville—Laws >n F. Way. In Barnesville—Mr. W. A. Steed. In Montezuma—Mrs. M. E. Fish; W. H. Htvrri*on, Jr, In Conyers—Mr. John Haygood. In Chauncey—Charles C. Butler. MARRIED IN GEORGIA. In Quitman—Dr. S. S. Goulden to Miss Tillie Mc- Call. In Tennille—Mr. Isadora W. Newman to Miss Lula Cole. Iu Atlanta—Mr. 0, E. Ansley to Miss Allie Noble-, Mr. Frank R. Logan to Miss Dinda Howard; Mr. C, C. McClain to Miss Jessie Vaughan; Dr. Wm. IL Leyden to Miss Lizzie McAllister; Mr. Charles F. Barnwell to Miss Eliza Goldsmith; Mr. George W. Denning to Miss Emma George; Mr. Homer Dawsen to Miss Annie Jones. In Athens—Mr. George C. Lacy to Miss Sallie Mo Whoiter. In Jonesboro—Professor Howell B. Parker to Mlaa Minnie Harwell. In Savannah—Mr. Wilbur F. Haygood to Miss Mary Kogers. In Sylvania—Mr. Johu M. Dalton to Miss Ida Mooie. i n Talbotton—Mr. T. P. Cellins to MLss Cenle A. Halt In Albany—Mr. Augustus S. Deutell to Miss noria Shackelford. Worth knowing.—To the old and young alike, that Salvation Oil costs only 25 cents. “Nothing succeeds like success,” and Dr. Bull's Cough Syrup is wonderfully (successful. The McCoy Case. Tho acquittal of James Mi Coy, in Walker County, who was charged with the murder of United States Deputy Marshal W. D. Kellett, recalls an old tragedy. On tire 6th of Decem ber, 1885, Marshal Kellett was on Lookout mountain with Calvin Young in his custody. That night when they were crossing a creek, some distance from any house, an unknown person Cred and killed Kellett. Young was afterward arrested |by Marshal Nelms, who stated that James McCoy had made him prom ise not to give the murderer’s name, under pen alty of being killed himself if ire violated Ilia promise. McCoy was arrested and tried, and convicted of tlio murder at LaFayetto, and sentenced to be hung. Tire su premo court granted a new trial upon this ground of duress, and upon tire second trial McCoy was acquitted. Tire verdict created great excitement. For Throat Diseases and Coughs use Bhoncihai Tbochbs. Like all really good things they are Imitated. The genuine is sold only in boxes. z"A 1 days left in which ta Only 1 •/ Subcribe at once, or renew, or get a new nil,scr!ber In ten days some one will get S'4Xi In gold a- a present. It may be YOU. Don't detar n nay. Every name ttp to January Ist will go in the box.'i