Newspaper Page Text
FARMS ANDJARMERS.
Short Talks with the Mon Who
Guide the Plow.
OF GENERAL INTEREST TO FARMERS
EDITED BY DR. W. L. JONES.
x Preparation of Land, and Sowing Grass Seeds.
Last week the kinds of lands available for
grass growing were discussed. Steep hill
aides, rocky fields and wet bottoms were point
ed out. If a hillside is just cleared of timber,
bow should It be set in grass. If not previous
ly tramped by stock, the soil of fresh land is
sufficiently loose, and docs not need plowing.
If the brush and trash bo scattered uniformly
over the surface and burnt, a good seed bed
will be formed, much as a tobacco seed bed, or
a [cabbage seed bed, are frequently made.
Grass seed sown on such a surface, will sink
down in the earth sufficiently from the first
rainfall to insure germination, and the ashes
will stimulate the growth of the young grass. If
the burning off of laud is ever justifiable, it is
in this case, for the soil of fresh land is filled
with humus, and the grass will soon add more
to it. An old hillside will require different
treatment, the soil must be broken; and while
loose and not yet filled with grass roots, is very
liable to wash. To meet this diffi
culty, run lines of level, at
short distances apart, and leave
a strip eighteen inches wide unbroken along
these lines to act as breakwaters and hold the
soil. If the soil is poor, sow in peas in May;
in July plow under vines, sowing peas again
before the plows. In September, if rains
abound, plow under vines again; give a dress
ing of one hundred pounds each of acid phos
phate, kainit and cotton seed meal; harrow in
and sow seed, and brush in just as lightly as
you can. If September is dry let tlie land
alone until thejlast ofJFebruary, then proceed
as above. On rocky land the same mode of
procedure is in order. In the case of wot
bottoms clean up at a convenient season, and
during the hottest, dryest time and in late
summer break up well, if practicable. If too
wet for a thorough breaking scarify the sur
face with deep cutting harrow, and after brush
ing and smoothing the surface sow seed early
in September and brush again very lightly.
Grass seed will not bear deep covering—a half
inch is full deep.
So far we have written to urge the utilizing
of land which ordinarily yield the farmer little
or no profit. But grass culture need not be
limited to these. Rich grass and clover lots
near the barn are of inestimable value to a
farmer.
They contribute greatly to the health of
stock, and decrease very much the drafts on
the grain crib. Two such lots are desirable—
one for summer grazing, and one for fall and
early spring. The first should be set in ber
muda; the prejudice against this grass must
give way before its extraordinary value. It
will support stock without grain when not at
work, and with one-third the usual quantity of
grain when at work. It is.tho very first thing
that should be established on every farm. The
second lot should bo set in a mixture of blue,
orchard, and*tall oat grass. Such manuring as
is usually given to barley lots will insure a
good growth of these grasses. Break well,
then roll and harrow until in finest tieth;
fine tilth is if anything more important than
deep breaking. After securing this tilth, roll
the land, then harrow or break very lightly,
sow seed and roll again. Sow two bushels of
orchard and one each of blue and tall oat to
the acre. Towards the Gulf, Schrader’s rescue
grass may be substituted for those mentioned
above. It must be sown in autumn.
W. L. J.
FARM QUESTION BOX.
Edited by Dr. W. L. Jones Formerly of the
Southern Cultivator.
F. G. S , Trussville, Ala.: (You say it is the
duty of every farmer to tell his brother farmer his
experience whenever it will keep him from going
wrong, or will help him to go over a rough place
easily.) Now taking advantage of your kind offer
to publish, I will give you my experience with
popcorn, as a iorage plant. Finding
that most of the large producing
forage plants were hard to get rid of
when once set, I looked about for one that was not
open to that objection. I tried one acre in pearl
millet, one in sorghum, and one in popcorn. I used
land in the latter case that would make a bale of
cotton to the acre. I manured very heavily with
cotton seed and broke it thoroughly. In planting
I used Avery’s pony plow and dropped the corn in
every third furrow. This put my rows about twenty
Inches apart. I worked it twice using a small
scooter plow each time. I left it very thick, and
the stalks were therefore very small and cured more
easily. I cut it when the corn was in the dough
and put up in shock till it was cured. I never
weighed but am certain I got over four tons of fod
dev Besides the stalk, each h -.d a nice quantity of
grain, in all not under twenty bushels. In feeding
it I generally cut it up for stock. They eat stalk
and all, preiering it to any kind of hay except pea
Vines. I think it is the cheapest and best feed I've
ever raised, and any one who will try it will be
well pleased, and will not want to plant Johnson
grass.
W. L., Clyde, Ga.: 1. I have about ten acres of old
land which I wish to put in crab grass for hay. I
write to ask what is the best course to pursue, as I
am a new hand at the business.
2. I have also new ground which I intend plant
ing with Kaffir corn, but do r.ot know how to pro
duce the best yield on this high pine land. I live
just on the line of Liberty county, and the soil i
somewhat thirsty.
3. Wliatare the relative values of Kaffir corn and
Milo maize as forage crops?
1. Plow, harrow and smooth off the land in
April, so that the grass may bo mowed. Crab
grass comes up spontaneously early in May.
If you wish to manure, apply 200 to 300 pounds
of cotton seed meal, broadcast, per acre, before
last harrowing.
2. Kaffir corn is cultivated much like ordi
nary corn, but will bear thicker planting
rows four feet wide —hills two feet apart. On
Buch land as you have, break shallow, and
make a very low bed, just enough to keep
your plants from being drowned nt by rains.
Put manure in drill before bc<.._ ng. Any
kind good for corn will be good lor Kaffir.
Plants are small when first up, and have to bo
hoed and plowed very carefully. Later, culti
vate entirely with sweep or hcclserape.
3. Not much difference. The Kaffir ma
tures earlier than Milo, lias short' r joint”. than
Milo, but about ns much loaf. Stalks of
neither worth much as forage, except when
fed green. Both produces about same amount
of seed. The seed is the most valuable part
of both.
C. K., Thomaston : I have my lot covered with
pine straw about hulf r. ttin; have also some cotton
seed, stable manure and aj-.1r.-n, bow should 1 make
a compost to sow tr a’..Kt for corn. Ought Ito
get any phosphate and kainit. and how mix it?
2. What s the easiest and cheapest way to make
land rieli?
3. Can lend be made rich by using largo quanti
ties of ■. .ano?
Ist. Mix ashes thoroughly with straw and
cotton seed—if you have enough ashes to put
15 to 20 bushels to the acre, you will not need
kainit. if you have only a little ashes it will
pay to get 100 pounds of kainit for each acre.
It will pay also to get somo pinsphate, 109 to
150 I ounds per m-re. If kainit an.l phosphate
are gotten, mi.-: the.-o •Ji'>:-jiigli!y with the
stable manure. When ready to haul out mix
both mixtures together, or sow one and then
the other on it.
2nd. Fili it with humus ami keep it from
washing. Alternate peas and rye crops on it.
Manure the peas with i mixture of equal parts
of kainit and piaster, and give the rye a dress
ing of phosphate. After the land improves
enough to bring good crops, manure every crop
planted on it with compost, and put in small
TEE WEEKLY CCNSTIIIIIGN. ATLANTA. GA.. TUESDAY FEBRUARY 21. 1888.
grain at least once in three years. Never let
stock run upon it.
ord. Through a liberal application to a suc
cession of crops, the debris of which add hu
mus to tho soil, and the manure of stock
fed upon its products, returned to it,
rather than lose, one very largo application
W. M. B.—Facevillc, Ga.: 1. How would it do to
break thin or poor level land broad cast, and then
cress three feet each way, drop cotton seed in the
cross and cover with two small plows, and drop
compost on each side and cover it with two more
ffirrows and then knock off with a loud. Or would
you drop compost in same furrow with seed i n each
side.
2. On poor land would you put compost in farrow
with corn or in the siding furrow.
I want to plant my corn and my compost is not
ready to use.
1. Tho only objection to planting cotton on
a level, instead of on a bed, is tho trouble in
working when tho plants first come up; they
are not so apt to be covered by the plow when
on a slightly raised bed. It is also important
to get manure for cotton well under ground.
This you could hardly do in the small furrows
made in covering the cotton. But for this,
there would be no objection to putting compost
on each side of tho cotton as you suggest. Tho
same objection holds to putting in the same
furrow as the seed, because cotton seed should
not bo planted deep. If covered deep and then
knocked off, the seed would be all right, but
the manure would be too near the surface.
2. No objection to putting manure for corn
in.siding furrow.
C. L. C., White county, Ga—Please give your
views of the lest cotton seed to plant in north
Georgia near the mountains, ami time of planting
the same, apd what you think of the Feterkin cot
ton for this section, whether it is too late in < psning
or-not; if it is, how would it do to mix it with the
Custer cotton, or is there any other that is earlier?
Cotton planted for a number of years in re
gions where the season is short acquires grad
ually the habit of maturing earlier. It would
bo well, therefore, for you to get seed oc
casionally from some point north of you. We
are not sufficiently acquainted with tho habits
of the Peterkin to pass judgment on it. As a
rule, we think the short jointed varieties
mature earliest.
T. B. 11., Prospect, Ya.: I want to try the alslke
or Swedish clover, and would like to have your
judgment about it. Will it make a good crop of hay
on moderate land? The soil is sandy and light. I
live about forty miles east of Lynchburg, Va.,in
Prince Edward county.
Do not think Alsiko cloveo would grow well
on laud described. Try on a small scale and
test it for yourself.
J. A. 8., Graham, Ala.: Please give formula for
compost for cotton, where no horse manure is used.
Have plenty of cottcn seed and cow manure. How
much cotton seed? How much cow manure? How
much acid phosphate? How much kainit, if any?
How much per acre on land that made 900 pounds
seed cotton per acre last year, with 125 pounds gu
ano per acre? Want to make a bale per acre, if pos
sible, this year.
For one acre—
Cow manure, thirty bushels.
Cotton-seed, ten bushels.
Acid phosphate, 209 pounds.
Kainit, 100 pounds.
The above is a good safe manuring for one
acre of medium land. On land well supplied
with httmas, deeply broken and well pulvcr
izrd, double above quantity might bo used.
Whether, under such applications, your land
will make a bale to the aero or not depends
largely on the seasons.
A reader, Conehatta, Newton county. Miss.:
1. If one bus not a sufficient amount of stable anil
cow manures, can a substitute of rotted leaves,
pine straw, with top soil mixed, be used for com
posting? If so, what amount of acid phosphate
should be used (Furman’s formula)? Which has the
most strength and would be best to use, rotted
leaves or pine s :raw? ,
2. Is It necessary to use kainit tn making pom
post? Some argue that it is unnecessary. Please
explain the use of each acid phosphate aud kainit.
3. I have a mare that is hard to breed. Can any
thing be given her or done to make her breed
readily?
1. Yes, substitution can be made, but the
amount of cotton seed should be increased.
Thus, rotted leaves 30 bushels, cotton seed 40
bushels, acid phosphate 400 pounds, kainit
200 pounds. Leaves of oak and other hard
wood, are bettor than pino straw, but the dif
ference is not very great.
2. Kainit generally improves a compost,
though a very good one can be made without
it. Kainit supplies potash, a substance fre
quently wanting in soils (especially the lighter
kinds) and helps to fix ammonia in a compost
heap. Phosphate supplies phosphoric acid, an
indespensable tiling to plants.
3. If very fat, reduce in flesh; if stabled and
fed on grain for a long time, change to pas
ture; if on pasture and thin, feed liberally on
grain. Such changes sometimes dovelope
fertility.
C. A., Colona, Ark.: I wish to fertilize some land
for cotton, with gofsyplum; lam! is sandy loam.
How had I better apply? 1 thought I would use
live or six hundred pounds per acre. The land pro
duces from eight to twelve hundred pounds of seed
cotton, when we have gooJ Bessons. Do you think
above amount sufficient?
Open drill, put in 150 pounds of fertilizer
and list on it. Then put 100 pounds in each
listing furrow and 100 pounds in each of the
next furrows. This will distribute 550 pounds
in five adjacent furrows. It would hardly be
sale to put that large amount inono furrow,
directly under the cotton.
W. 11. E., Shiloh, Ga.: I have not a sufficient
amount of cotton seed compost to manure my entire
crop of corn, and lam unwilling to plant without
using some kind of manure. What commercial
preparation would you recommend as the best and
cheapest and best, lor corn ? Would it do to use cot
ton seed meal? How would you apply it, and in
what quantity ? Would cotton seed meal be cheaper
than soluble bone at six dollars more per ton ?
What the fanner now wants is not what fertilizer Is
the best and cheapest for cotton, But what fertilizer
is the best and cheapest for corn.
On very poor land, cotton seed meal used
alone would give good results, but better if
combined with soluble bone or acid phosphate
and kainit. The following mixture is sug
gested : Cotton seed meal, 190 pounds; sol
uble bone (acid phosphate), 100 pounds; kainit,
100 pounds. The above quantity to be applied
to one acre for ordinary cropping.
R. J. 8., Union Point, G i., You stated in a recent
Issue, that gossypium could be very nearly dupll
iu'e Iby mixing 1,0.10 pounds acid phosphate, 300
pounds cotton >e >1 meal and .300 pounds of kainit.
Which is prefi ruble, pure cotton see I m cl, or the
cotton wed meal compound, and how much to use
jier acac?
If "by cottonseed meal compound,” you
mean tho mixture of phosphate, kainit and
meal, tho latter is preferable to C. S. meal
alone h r most crops. Three to four hundred
pounds of this mixture would be a good ma
nuring.
J. I’. F.. Reese. Go.: 1.1 put up my compost In
December, in pen-, four or live feet high. I find
that it is v.ry v. t nil rough, and would In trouble
- ~c tu <Urtril-ii:<>. Would it > o bencfitted I.;, it
pciiing and adding more stable uiauuruand cotion-
2. 1 have stubble bin 1. with rank growth of wer.-l A
'Vn.-it i.. ..<• li>’ - ny to prepare such land for cotton,
and 1. y a think v.outii g,vc tel results on it.
guano or avnl ph .-pbate idor.e.’
■ ■ ■ ' ;n■ •. Jl’ at 1 good
cotton nil ;-.-ir, W'h a-1 Iplio-; bate < i., ; J
want' plant h nine lai. lin cotton ug.'.n. Would
you n-tvis-: using a- id pbu. p.’iuto a-ain or guano on
such land.
1. Ifeoinpo t was made in usual manner
with phosphate and kainit, adding mote nrn
nurc and seed, would vary the proportion of
ingredients too much, i. uless you ate wilting
to add more phosphate along with tin: manure,
it would bo better to let it alone, sli< lu ring It
from the rain, and let it dry by making holes
down through it, or else throwing it down un
der shelter and stirring occasionally to dry it.
2. Rv.n a heavy brush over the lend and tear
tho weeds in pieces. Then breaking and bed
ding, or bedding and rover.diig beds, will dis
tribute the vegetable mutter pretty uniformly
through tho soil, which is the proper thing to
do witli it. If toe laud is in good heart, would
use about fifty pounds per acre of guauo pat in
same furrow as tho seed, and acid phosphate
put in drill and bedded on.
3. M ould use a mixture of the two. Acid
phosphate alone will give poorer and poorer
returns as tho vegetable matter in the soil
grows less—which it does quite rapidly on
sandy lands cultivated incotton.
J. 11. 8., ale, Alabama: We have about I*4 acres
of upland, tb-1 has len uncultivated for three
years, mid n wlncli cotton v-sui l.y nuts. Weave
going to put it in cotton this year and use about
5.U00 pounds of stable manure, twcuty-lvo bushels
of cotton seed and 200 pounds of ; liosphatc. Wlu.t
will prevent rest in cotton?
Unless the land is very poor the stable ma
nure is largely in excess of other substances.
Twelve to fifteen hundred pounds of manure,
with the 25 bushels of seed and 400 pounds of
phosphate would come nearer tho usual pro
portion. It would bo better to broadcast the
excess of stable manure, and apply the mixt
ure of manure, cotton seed and phosphate in
drill, adding thereto 200 pounds of kainit. Kai
nit has considerable reputation as a preventive
of rust in cotton.
J. J., Hope, Texas.—My land is what we call post
oak land, a reddish-colored, sandy soil, with a yel
low, waxey clay, sub-soil eight to ten inches below
surface: average product! >n one-half bale cotton
per acre, (is fresh land). I live adjacent to a steam
mill that burns nothing but post-oak and a black
jack-wood; there arc tons of ashes in the miller’s
way, as strong ns good lie e, will cost me nothing
but to haul them. Will they be a good fertilizer for
my land? If so, how much (by measure, as I can’t
well weigh them) per acre and how best applied.’
Land here is so plentiful no one fertilizes. I elemi
outlmy lots and put in field.
Ashes are always good manure for land, be
cause they contain every mineral ingredient
needed by plants. They arc best used by coin
posting them with leaves or muck, which will
supply nitrogen, a substance the ashes do not
contain. Ten bushels of ashes to about six
wagon loads of leaves, and that amount ap
plied in drill per acre. Or the ashes may bo
applied alone, by broadcasting twenty to
thirty bushels per acre, and plowing in when
the land is broken.
E. O. W„ Cowpens, S. C.: I have a lot of stable
manure, co:ton seed and waste salt, of which I
wish to make a compost for cotton. How shall I
mix it; give mi your views on the matter.
The materials named would not make a good
fertilizer for cotton. Would do better on poor
than on rich land, but tend to produce weed at
expense of fruit. Mix the salt with the other
two in such proportion, that tho quantity ap
plied to an aero shall contain 100 pounds of
salt.
Wo have inquiry for Bronze Turkeys.
Breeders will please take notice.
W. E C.. Duncansby, Miss.: 1. I have a pasture
lot of six acres, stock of all kinds having the run of
it for the past twenty years, as many as thirty head
at one time. The soil black waxy, with sand
mixed with it. This land previous to use as pasture
I reduced from thirty to forty bushels of corn and
from three hundred and fifty to four hundred
pounds lint cotton per acre. I desire to plant it
tins year in cotton. Would the application of two
hundred pounds acid phosphate per acre be of suffi
cient advantage in increasing the yield to justify
the expense ’
2. Would four by four feet between plants be too
great to secure highest yield ?
3. Would an ammoniated guano be of any advan
tage on such soil?
1. Doubtful —Except where onehas alimited
quantity of land and needs more forage or
grain than it will produce without manure, it
is not profitable to fertilize land as productive
as yours. When tho yield begins to decrease,
is time enough to begin making restitution.
You might test the matter on a fraction of an
acre.
2. If the land makes large weed, 4x4 feet
would not give too great distance.
3. Should think not. It might increase the
yield; but the profits would be less than those
from plain acid phosphate.
C. B. IT., Erastus, Ga: lam thinking of
trying to grow rice on some low, rich, bottom land.
What do yon think of it? Can It be raised success
fully. Can you tell me where 1 can get the “golden
chi ff’variety for seed? Do you know anything of
the culture and time for planting rice.
Rice is cultivated quite successfully on bot
tom land in Habersham county,Ga., quite near
the mountains. It is planted in drills 15 to 18
inches apart or even two feet. Has to bo hoed
carefully when young to keep down grass.
When larger may be cultivated with scrape if
rows are wide enough.. Planted about the time
corn is—as soon as danger from frost is past.
Started late it may not mature before frost,
especially if retarded by dry weather. Golden
rice may be bought in Savannah.
“The Farmers’ Alliance.”
See next week’s Constitution for the
fullest aud clearest exposition of “The Farm
ers’Alliance” Jet made, as shown b/tneof
its leaders.
Don’t miss next week’s Constitution, for
this paper is important to every farmer, Sub
scribe or renew at once. ISO,COO copies will be
printed. Don’t fail to get it.
Nine Solid Pages Worth SIO.
A subscriber to the “Southern Farm” writes:
“I would not take ten dollars for tho nine
pages of Dr. Jones’ ‘Answers to Inquiries’ in
the February issue of the ‘Southern Farm.’
They cover every topic of farming. I cannot
sec how any fanner can do without tho‘South
ern Farm’ when it costs only one dollar a
year. Mr. Grady deserves thanks for making
such a magazine.”
Besides these nine pages, the February
‘Farm’ has the opinion of several state com
missioners as to tho best grasses, cattle, sheep
and bogs for the south, the cost of a pound of
corn and other important matters. It has fifty
pages of tho best reading matter. You can get
it for ten cents, and if you don’t say it is wortii
one dollar, we will return your ton cents.
But now see: Tho March number of the
"Southern Farm,” out March 2d, will be
superb—sixty-four solid pages. Ono article
“TWENTY YEABS STOCK FAKMINQ AND DAIRY
ING in Georgia,” by Mr. B. W. Hunt, wil
bo wortii a year’s subscription. Dr. Clifton’s
paper, “The Insect Friend and Enemies of 11 •
Fanner,” is instructive and timely. The ad
dress of I’r sided Northern to tho state agri
cultural society, which created so much talk,
will be printed in tho March “Farmer” before
it appears elsewhere Besidos these papers,
cither of which is invaluable, Dr. Jones will
have 12 pages of timely matter. Mr. Richard
Deters will discuss “grass's,” and there will
be 10 other pages of farming news and advice.
No fashion, no fiction, no poems, no puzzles
in Southern Farm—solid farming matter from
tho best writers.
Now. we know every farmer in the south
t ught to have “The South'rn Farm.” Every
otic who sees it say.; this.
Hero is how to get it:
1. S< ini -1 and get it for a year.
2. bni'l 51.‘15 ami get both tho Farm and
Tin; < ''XSTiTt.TKiN a year.
3. If you already take The Constitution,
sf-i.il Mi c-iitH and get tho “Farm” one year.
(I his oiler is open only till March 10th.)
1. Send 10 cents and get either the Febniary
or Marell number. The January number is
exhausted.
tine hundred thousand farmers ought to
subs'ribo to the “Farm” thia month. Those
who miss the March number will regret it.
Write quick—to “The Southern Farm,” 37
Broad street, Atlanta, Ga.
STRUCK BY A CYCLONE.
An Illinois Town Swept Out of
Existence.
ONE HUNDRED PERSONS
Chicago, February 19.—A cyclone struck
Mount Vernon, HL, today. Tho town was
virtually destroyed, a number of lives were
lost mid many persons injured. Mount Ver
non is situated in the southern part of the
state, about sixty miles cast of St. Louis, in
an almost direct line.
Reports, apparently well founded, place tho
number Rilled at twenty-eight. ,
A dispatch from Evansville, Ind,, says over
one hundred persons we.o killed in the cyclone
at Mt. Vernon, 111. Telegrams were received
this evening at Evansville from Mt. Vernon
asking for help. A train with two engines
was at once scut, having on board a surgeon
and such other assistance as could bo hastily
gathered.
A special to tho Daily News from Evans
ville, Ind., says: Tho cyclone struck Mount
Vernon, 111., ut 4:45 today from the north
west, sweeping around in a half circle ami lev
eling hall the town. The remaincr of tho
place caught fire, and as there was a strong
wind blowing, the Hames soon got beyond con
trol of tiie tiro department. Above tlio roar
of the wind could bo heard tho shrieks and
groans of the dying. Bodies half buried in de
bris could be seen on every hand. A Centra
lia special to tho News says two-thirds of tlio
town was wiped out. A’ St. Louis dispatch
says tlio following is a list, as far as konwn, of
the killed and seriously wounded:
Killed—Mrs. Russell Dowry, Mr. Jno. Water
and baby, Henry Water, David F. Yearwood
and wile, Jno. C. Murray, Mr. Cummings, an
engineer; Mary Westbrook, Jas. Bearson, Mrs.
Holcomb, Dr. John Yearwood and wife, Sam
uel Yearwood and wife, Geo. Purcell, Mrs.
Wm. Jones and child, John Dodson, Miss Josie
Sutton, Jno. Shaw, blacksmith, not known.
Fatally injured—Lawler E. Segg, Mrs. 11.
Y. Waters, Miss Laura Lesinby, Chas. Ellis,
Mr. aud Mrs. C. G. Albraitli, Chas. Wier, Mr.
ami Mrs. Westbrook, Amanda Bearden, W. H.
Hinman, Lizzie Bennett, J. C. Hanbrick,
Chas. Pool, Miss Corinne Hanbrick, Brown
low Hawkins, Mrs. Albright, IL Fry Ellis,
Mr. Milicropt, Joel Howard.
The Times, Centralia, HL, special, says:
High southwesterly winds have been blowing
at Centralia all tin: evening. It is feared
damage has been done at otlier points besides
Mt. Vernon. The latter place is about twenty
miles southeast of Centralia. It has a popula
tion of 2,000.
A Full Account of tlio Disaster.
The Times Mount Vernon dispatch says .'
At about 5 o’clock this afternoon a cyclone
struck this town and left it in ruins, mid
killed fifteen to twenty people, and it is feared
many more than are known to have been
killed will bo found among tho ruins of the
buildings. Eire immediately broke out all
over the city amid tlio ruins, spreading rapid
ly, owing to tho damage done to
engines by the wind. Tho storm passed from
tlie southwest aud had a rotary motion. It
swept down with fearful fury, striking first
just south of tho city hall, then carricu away
the third and fourth stories of tho Mt. Vernon
mill. From there it swept on in a path five
hundred yards wide. The Methodist church
fell. Just a few minutes before 250 people left
the Sunday school room. The Commercial
house lost its third story. Next the wind
struck tho couuty courthouse, and rendered it
a heap of ruins. By rare luck, however, tlio
county records were saved. Crew’s
block, on the south side of the
square, is leveled with the earth,
and under it was found the body of John
Crew, the owner of the block, formerly of
Chicago. The roof aud second story of Strat
ton & Co.’s hardware store was blown away.
A large two-story brick school house did not
withstand the terrible shock any better than
the smallest house in the track of
tlie cyclone. The largo two story frame house
of George Ward was picked up and carried
about twenty feet, and left unhurt, while the
two brick buildings within 10 feet were
left in ruins. Tho loss cannot bo estimated,
but not less than a million dollars worth of
property bus been destroyed by tho cyclone
aud fire in that neighborhood. The sky has
cleared, and no clouds give any intimation
of the disastroußstonn of a few hours ago. It
is growing colder, ami many homeless people
will suffer if the weather becomes severe.
Reports are coming in from the country, and
tho storm seems to have swept everything for
miles. Incalculable Hoss of life and great
suffering will follow, unless outside
assistance is given Mayor G. H. Harnell, who
will give it to the proper committee.
A meeting of business men was held, and
committees appointed to care for the dead and
wounded, ami to protect property as much as
possible. Many people who escaped
with their lives have nothing besides.
Many are walking the streets with no home to
go to. Tlie north side of the courthouse square
is injured considerably. No buildings
were wrecked except Howard & Strut
ton’s. Tho wounded arc being cared
for by tho physicians in tho best
possible manner. Tho railroad shops were
badly damaged, and agreat number of homos
destroyed. Tlio people are out doors who lived
in the track of the storm. The dead and the
dying are scattered throughout the city. All
tho doors of tho remaining houses have been
thrown open to the less fortunate.
Three-fourths of tlio business portion of the
city is ruined financially. The public square is
in tlie. center of the town. The court house is
in tho center of the square. Tho school build
ing is in tlie northwest part of the city ami all
tiie dwelling’s in that portion of tlio city are de
stroyed, amt the ruins of some are still burning,
In all live hundred buildings are <1 ttroyed
and many others injured. Tho dead are now
being gathered at tho supremo courthouse,
whi' ii has been converted into a hospital for
th '■ dead and wounded. This building is also
damaged but not seriously. Tlie last reports
show twenty-nine dead and about lot)
injured, some of whom will die
before morning. Later reports say
two more have died. They are Eddy Mexcy
am! Airs. Colonel Cooper.
A number of men who were struck by falling
timbers, and whose names cannot be learned
at. present, are reported badly injured and
dying. The storm was prciided by
hail, but not more than live minutes
elapsed until tho fearful destroyer
hail swept over the doomed town. It came
from tho southwest. Tho buildings were
wrenched and twisted, and then dashed into
piccns, total wrecks. Tho storm passed a little
south of the city hall, missed Joo Chance's
house, swept away tho third and fourth stories
of Mt. Vernon mill, and destroyed
nearly every house from tho mill
north for a space of about fifty yards. Tho
Commercial hotel lost its third story. Tho
entire west side of tho square was wrecked.
The county house was struck and the building
reduced to a massive pile of ruins. Tho
clerks have worked into the records,
ami they aro saved. R. E. Ryan
os“aped in a manner almost incredible. Ho
was standing by J. C. Murray, in Crew’s
block, aud told him to run, but Murray re
mained and was killed. Ryan ran west, and
finding the strci tfullof flyingtimbcrs, jumped
into the doorway, hold to tho latch and tlio
building against which ho was standing, foil
around him, but ho escaped untouched.
A. Is. Cox’s store, G. W. Morgan’s jewelry
store, Maxey, West Ac Swift’s store, and Jack
son’ saddlery store, are in ruins, ami on the
south side of tlio square, frame buildings,
though injured, i caped destruction. Hasscr
man’s bakery, the Baptist church,
Coo! s drug store, Manton’s saloon,
I’erry’s hotel and Stratton & Johnson’s
bricK store, were leveled with the giound.
The entire east side of the sqnaro is destroyed,
and in otic of tho buildings John Waite.”. ;un|
chili! lost their lives, ns did Henry WalleiH,
father of John. Mrs. Walters was found with
her Lai o in her arms, both dead,
On the northeast corner of the square How
ard Bros. Co.'sgroi: ry was blown down and
the tool and second Story of <>. h. Stratton <*t
I’o.'s hardware store was blown away, while
tho frame hotel adjoining was tinnarmi'd.
A'uo s towards tho northeast, portion of tlio
city - wept the storm, and a niinils-r of people
were killed ami a school building was blown
down.
Ti e Louisville and Nashville railroad pas
sing' rand freight depots ami round house at
Mt. Vernon were badly damaged, and the
freight and master mechanic's offices were
wrecked.
Two cabooses were blown from tho track
and turned bottom up. Tho following em-
OUR PREMIUMS!
Read the Entire List. Each One of
them is Guaranteed.
This GUN aud THE WEEK-
LY CONSTITUTION one year k
for Sll.OO
... .
Send for Illustrated Catalogue
of all our Premiums.
Our double-barreled Shot Gun is an excellent premium.
It is a No. 12, 30 inches in length, weighs 7 pounds and is
made of the best steel. We do not send shells and canister
outfit with it. The Gun itself cost us what you pay us and you
get a bargain when you buy one.
We club only the best articles with TIIE
WEEKLY CONSTITUTION. By sub
scribing’ now you can get these Premiums at
actual cost, and thus save middle men’s profits.
Look at our entire list.
THE WEEKLY CONSTITUTION ONE YEAR WITH:
The Premium High-Arm Sewing Machine - - - _ $22.00
The Premium Low-Arm Sewing Machine - - - - 18.0
The Constitution Organ No. 1.-- - - - - 55.00
The Constitution Organ No. 2. 50.00
The Double Barrelled Breech Loading Gun _ - _ 1 1.00
The Waterbury Watch - 3.25
Our Family Physician - 2.C0
The Southern Farm - 1.65
Send in your order at once and get one of
our Premiums. You will be satisfied with
them. THE CONST!TUTION, Atlanta, Ga.
The Waterbury Watch.
We have a few yet on hand and will send one of them and
The Weekly Constitution one year for $3.25. Now is the time
to get a good watch. It is a good time keeper and we have sent
out thousands of them. Some time ago we, in part, withdrew
this offer as the Waterbury Watch Co. will not, in the future,
sell their watches to newspapers. We have about 800 left and
after they are gone can get no more. Send your order now
and get the best Sothern Newspaper and a good watch, all for
$3.25, Address The Constitution, Atlanta, Ga
ployes were killed or injured: En
gineer Charles Cummings, of Ev
ansville, instantly killed; Engineer
I*. Lillicrap, dangerously wounded;
Brakeman Kelly, hurt in back,* knee ami left
foot; Telegraph Operator Allen, bruised and
out about the head ; and a number of other
employes, and members of their families, were
more or hiss injured.
Twenty-seven dead bodies have been taken
from th© ruins, and 250 are injured and
missing.
The south portion of Mt. Vernon is the
newest part of the city and has many large and
fine buildings. The courthouse has not been
injured, but it stands alone. All around
it is ruin and desolation, and
it is now being used as a hospital
for the wounded. Many are suffering greatly.
It is now thought that the northern portion of
the town will escape fire, which is confined to
the east and south and west sides, and being
fought manfully.
A pathetic incident of the disaster is the
fact tlint the operator at Mount Vernon and of
the Louisville and Nashville wire, whose
name is Yearwood, has an uncle, aunt and
cousin dead in the ruins, and the poor fellow,
with heart bursting with grief, is sitting man
fully at his post of duty. Four men in Evans’
bank were imprlsioned in the ruins of
building and burned to death. Their cries of
pain ami distress were agonizing in the ex
treme, but nothing could reach them. Their
names could not be obtained.
Aiming the killed are Mrs. Colonel Cooper,
Eddie Maxey, S. T. Walters, George Pierre,
Mrs. 'l'. F. Legge and two telegraph operators.
Among the wounded arc Mr. and Mrs. Galvin.
OUR KNOW I.EDGE BOX.
The Lick Obscrviif ory.
Editors Constitution : Are the observa
tions made at the Lick o! servntoiy in California to
be published in a periodical issued regularly? If
so, how can I procure it? E. W. B.
The astronomer in charge publishes either a
monthly or quarterly report. By addressing some
dealer in scientific books you can doubtless ob
, tain it.
Why Men Wear Black.
Editors Constitution: Why is black
worn by gentlemen in full dress? Ki.-mtiMi!.
Bulwers “Pelham” became so popular imme
diately after its publication as to change the fash
ion of gentlemen’s coats. In those day; gentlemen
wore, for evening dress, < o its of brown, or green, or
blu» , according to their fancy. In the novel Lady
Francis Pelham says in a letter to her s' n; “Apiopos
of the complexion. I did not like Unit blue coat you
M ore when J last saw you. You look best in block,
which is a great compliment, for people must be
very distinguished in appearance to do so.” L’Vfry
gentleman who read “Pelham” took to himself the
“great compliment,” and from that day black haw
been the color of gentlemen's full dresfc
Femnlo Suffrage.
Editors Constitution : Where do women
vote, and arc they allowed to vote at pn ii jcntlal
elections? Beadzr.
The Icghbiture of the territory of Wyoming, by an
act appioved be ember 10, PCO, grant d the right of
suffrage to women. The tame right was extended
to women in the territory of Washington in 1883,
and has l-.ng le -n exercis <1 !»,. them in the terri
tory of Utah. Worn ia suffrage, limited to school
elections, has at various times been conferred, as
follows. Women may vote at school meetings in Ne
braska, New Hampshire, Vermont, Dikota and
Wyoming; ut school elections in Colorado ami
Minnesota, and for members of school committees
in ?J > a husetts; at school meetings In Michigan
and New York, if they arc tax-payers; In Washing
ton territory, if they are liable to taxation.
Widows and unmairicd women in Jdal o may v< to
as to special di-triet taxes if they hold taxable
property. In Oregon, widows having children and
taxable property may vote nt tcaooi mi drips. In
Indiana, “women not married nor mh.o.s, wl o pay
Uixe and are listed us par n'-. g inr ll.'U.h or Lea-In
Os i inllics, may vote nt school milling'.” In la n
t'Ciy any white widow busing a child of school
age r; a qualified school voter; if she has no child,
but h a taxpayer, she may vote on the question of
taxe-. In Kansas, women over twenty-one yenrsof
age may vote on ail school and municipal atla.rs. In
no state arc they permitted to vote for statu oihccr.i
or at prisidciHial elections.
The Course of tho Northern Slave-Holders.
Editors Constitution : A German paper
sjM.aksoi the late war a- “a strugude beta er;: th<M>ns
of slave-owners am! the planters to whom their fath
ers sold their dark, commodities.” Is this a true
bill? B. W. IL
It is. The Philadelphia Union of August 7th,
Ihis, contained the following;
“Slavic Tkaoe.—The brig Bliss, Captain French,
with St) human beings on hoard doomed to abject
and ignominious slavery, left Perth Amboy on Hat
uni. y morning at day light. It is understood that
they will be landed above New Orleans near Baton
Rouge, at a plantation belonging . . . The citi
zens of Perth Amboy and New Brunswick ought
not to have permitted this ahooking trade in their
vicinity."
in Niles’ Register, February 8,1817:
“Some inhuman speculator at New York has dis
bnrthened the prhon of that city of seventy or
eighty negn oi by procuring their imprisonment to
he commuted for tnin*r»'»rtalk 11. . . . Tlio cor
poration has very properly ordered the vessel con
taining this gang of thieves to proceed without tiie
limits of tlm city." New Orleans Paper.
In court of errors of New Jersey, 2 Ilnlstcd re
ports, case of Gibbons vs. Morse, November term,
1821 • testimony of Richard Adams: . . that
William Stone was engaged in purchasing negroea
that season; . . . saw near 50 negroes on board
vessel ut South Amboy . . . Van Ort also pur
chnsiug blucks; . . . they were with the ne
groet; thnt were destined for New Orleans; that John
C. Marsh also was engaged in buying neg oes, .
there were two or three cargoes of negroes sent off
that season."
it was charged in tiie case of tho Mery Ann, flth
Wheaton, p. 380, supreme court of tlie United States,
Unit the vessel had 36 negroes on board from New
York and Perth Amboy for New Orleans. This case
whs dcci'led on the pleadings.
The foliowirtg extract is frcin a letter of a mcml of
of the New Jersey legislature to a clergyman in Bal
timore, printed in the Baltimore American of No
vcmb.r 11, 1818:
' New Bhi nswick, November 7th, 18H. Dear
Sir. lam here on n.-y way home from attending
tlie legislature, which have passed a bill to>top tho
inhuman trattlo in coloie I persons fr<>m this slate.
There were fourteen or fifteen of them* unhappy
blacks at Houth Amboy which tlie viiiiuns could not
get off by waler in time to escape tiie new law, tut,
having notice of it, they took them in waggons
across tiie .suite Pennsylvania with a view
to get them to Maryland."
But even more convincing than these concrete
cases arc tlio expressions of tho logishitures of the
different stut *B. In 1786, in Vermont, there was
pushed un a t entitled’ an act to prevent tho sale and
transfjoitatlon of negroes and mulattoes out of this
state.” The seventh s ctlon of the Rhode Island act
of 1798 is: “Cour’s may allow unfaithful slaves to
be transported to any part of tlie Unit' d States.”
New York in 1788, 1802. l>o\lßl7 and, 1819, and New
Jersey in 1798,1812,1808, 1818 ’l9, 18x0, passed laws
a; ninst the sale of negroes out of their boundaries.
It these laws had not )>een violated, there would
have been no necessity for changing them.
MONEY
TO LOAN
TO
FARMERS
NO AGENTS,
IN THE FOLLOWING COUNTIES:
DeKalb, Troup,
Gwinnett, liockdale,
Newton, Clayton,
Fm 'tn, Campbell,
Floyd, Polk,
Ja p< r, Putnam,
Upson, Jefferson,
Burke,’ Bartow,
(Iron, Sumter,
Whitfield, Gordon,
am! Cherokee.
No loan les than .'Will and not to exceed
out -third of tiiovalueoPLAND, EXCLUSIVE
OF BiII.DINGS.
!■ A It 11 l ilts in < ither of the above counties
wishing money on throe or live years’ time can
get lull infvimatlon as to terms by addressing
C. P. N. BARKER,
314 Peachtree st., ATLANTA,
teb- -7 wk3t farm pg
7