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THE GRAND OPENING
Os the Columbian Exposition
Last Monday-
THE PRESIDENT’S OPENING SPEECH,
AFTER which hr touches the
ELECTRIC HUTTON
AND THE " WHITE CITY ” WAS ACTIVE,
In an Instant the Roar of Machinery Was
Heard—The Ceremonies of the Day*
Other Notes About the Fair.
CHICAGO, ILL., May 1.
LL the natinal exposi
tions the earth has
ever seen, if they
could be reproduced
and combined, would
not make one so large
and grand as the
world's Columbian,
which President Gro
ver Cleveland formal
ly opened today.
No such monument
was ever before rear
ed on this planet to
IB
- |
man or deity, ami the imagination falters in
attempting to conceive how this can be
approached in grandeur earlier than a cen
tury hence.
As it stands today, the exposition repre
sents $50,000.(M)0. On the grounds and
btiidings, excluding those erected by the
states and foreign nations, $20,(MX),000
have been spent. The states and territories
have expended $4,000,000 and the foreign
countries $0,000,000. There we have $30,-
000,000, ami the exhibits represent all of
$20,000,000 more. One firm, a Paris house,
has sent half a million dollars worth of
diamonds. Aladdin could not begin
to do with a store full of
his magic lamps what modern
brains and hands have accomplished with
these many millions of dollars.
The vastness of it all cannot be grasped
at once. Any impression which approaches
an adequate idea must be a growth, ex
panding and broadening under continued
observation and study. No intellectual pro
cess of comprehending the infinite has been
found so far as I am aware, but man will
be much nearer its attainment once he
grasps the scope aud magnitude of the
world’s fair.
Christofero Colombo's memory is pre
eminently distinguished above all the hu
man race by this tribute of the world illus
trate! in the great white city-
While primarily and principally Ameri
can, the fair is largely cosmopolitan. More
tongues are heard here than there were at
Babel’s tower the day of the confusion.
More types of the human family are to be
seen in an hour than a congress of nations
will show. Fortunately, there is a harmony
in the proportions here as elsewhere. The
interesting strangers from various lands
are neither overshadowed as to be bid in
the mammoth aggregation nor do they in
trude upon the pre-eminence which belongs
to the Caucasian as a family and to the
American as the special promoter of the
fair.
The Day’s Ceremonies.
Among the prominent people conspicuous
on the grand stand were: Governor Alt
geld, of Illinois; Mayor Harrison, of Chica
go; the earl ami countess of Aberdeen;
General John C. Black. General Miles,
Hon. Lambert Tree, Speaker < rafts, of the
Illinois house; Lieutenant Gill and other
state officers, of Illinois; President Paul
Palmer, of the national commission; Lyman
J. Gage, of Chicago; F. W. Peck, Presi- :
dent Higginbotham. Senator Cullom, of Il
linois: Ashley, of Massachusetts; Campbell,
of New York; Barwig. of Wisconsin; Mc-
Donald. of Illinois; Buckner, of Wisconsin;
Senator Mitchell, of Wisconsin; Senator
Allison, Congressman Springer, of Illinois;
Houk, of Ohio; O'Neill, of Pennsylvania;
Durburow. of Illinois; Henderson, of Iowa;
Black, of Illinois and McGann, of Illinois.
The multitudes which thronged the world's
fair grounds today were greater in number
than had been anticipated, considering the
inauspicious condition ot th«» weather. 1 rob
nbly ”00.000 people were assembled when
nt 11 o'clock tiie advance guard of the cortege
signaled the approach of President Clove- I
land and the dignitaries of the day to the
world's fair grounds. After entering the
grounds the journey to the administration
building was made with all possible dispatch,
the presidential party not stopping to ac
knowledge any of the popular ovations ex
tended to the chief executive.
> lie Kxt?rciM‘i» Opened.
At 11:30 o’clock to the minute the pro
gramme opened with a blast from the or
chestra. which rendered the martial air of
the Columbian march of John K. Paine.
Pile overture of "Rienzi.” by Wagner,
>vas next rendered by the orchestra, and then
Director General Davis, on behalf of the
exposition, delivered an address.
As the director general stepped back, the
president of tin* United States stepped for
ward, and the climax of the ovations of the
day was reached. For minutes the cjrowd
cheered over and over again, and men—soo
feet away —tossed their hats in the air. wav
ed their umbrellas and otherwise disported
themselves in frantic exhibition of their en
thusiasm. The president bowed once or
twice and then spoke as follows:
lhe l*re»i<lent’£ Speech.
1 am here to join my fellow citizens in
congratulations which befit this occasion.
.Surrounded by the stupendous results of
American enterprise and activity, and in view
of the magnificent evidences of American
skill and intelligence we need not fear that
these congratulations will be exaggerated.
We stand today in the presence of the oldest
nations of the world and point to the great
achievements we here exhibit, asking no
allowance on the score of youth.
The enthusiasm with which we contemplate
our work intensities the warmth of the greet
ing xve extend to those who have come from
foreign lands to illustrate with us the growth
mid progress of human endeavor in the di
rection of higher civilization. We' who be
lieve that popular education and the stimula
tion of the best impulses of our citizens led
the way to a realization of the proud national
destiny which our past promises, gladly wel
come tb.e opportunity here afforded us to see
the results accomplished by efforts which
have been exerted longer than ours in the
field of man's improvements, while in ap
preciative return we exhibit the unparalleled
j'dvnn< cinent and wonderful accomplishments
o’ the voting nation and the present triumphs
of a vigorous, self-reliant and independent
people. We have built these splendid edi
fices but we have also built a magnificent
fabric of popular government whose grand
proportions tire seen throughout the xvorld.
We have inside and here gather together the
objects of use and beautv. the products of
American skill ami invention, but we have also
made men Who rule themselves. It is an
exalted mission In xvhieh xv<- mid our guests
from other lands are engaged, as xve co
oiwrate hi the inauguration of our enterprise
devoted to the human enlightenment mid In
the undertaking xv<- here enter upon, wo ex
emplifv in the noblest sense, the brotherhood
of nations.
Tjet us hold fast to the meaning that under
lies tills ceremony, and let us not lose the
Impressiveness of this moment. As by the
toueti of machinery that gives life to this vast
exposition is now set in motion, so at the
same instant let our hopes and aspirations
awaken the forces which in nil time to come
shall Influence On- welfare, dignity and free
dom of mankind.
It - Touched the Dutton.
At the conclusion of his. address, the
president touched the electric button and
the world’s Columbian exposition of 1893
xvas ushered into official existence. The
huge fountain, throe hundred feet away
from the grand stand, threxv a volume of
water fifty feet into the air and the roar
ing of the engines in machinery hall, a
quarter of a mile away, told the multitude
that the electric spark had done its duty.
As soon as the ceremonies were over,
President Cleveland. Governor Atlgeld.
Mayor Harrison, the Duke de Veraguti and
other notables, were conducted to the din
ing hall on the third floor of the adminis
tration building, where they were enter
tained at dinner by the world’s fair offi
cials.
Almost a Panic.
Os course it was a big crowd to han
dle, for Director of Works Burnham declar
ed that 300,000 people had passed the turn
stiles since daylight—a number far in ex
cess of the most sanguine expectations.
To take care of such a multitude, with only
one accident, which could be called serious,
for all the other casuallies of the day were
trivial, was, therefore, a matter worthy
of praise.
Looking out over the heads of the people,
slow, sullen currents of movement, could be
seen. At the outset, the spectacle was only
interesting, but soon it grew fearsome.
Cries went up from the throng, anil at
length over in the center of the plaza, a
woman’s shoulders were seen lifted above the
level of all heads. She was unconscious, her
hat had fallen off. her head dropped upon
her breast, her face was colorless. Groans
and cries of sympathy arose from all those
who saw her.
Almost at the same moment, a lad of ten
years was lifted bodily aloft by the brawny
arms of a gigantic negro. There wen
cheers for the negro's act. mingled xyith
cries of apprehension and fear. Fred
Douglass, sitting on the platform, saw the
deed and applauded.
President Cleveland Was watching with
strange interest. He spoke io President
Higinbotliani. xvho sat near, anil that gen
tleman went to the edge of the platform
and ordered a squad of guards to force a
way through the crowd to rescue the strick
en people. But. this was impossible until
a mounted cavalry man was ordered into the
crowd to break forth away of release. A
horse’s hoofs effected a passage through
slowly and the senseless xvtomnn mid Ihe
injured lad were borne out. The fight of
the guards became so palpable, so hopeless
that a detachment of the regulars were or
dered to line tip across the plaza mid clear
a passage. Then there was some move
ment. The grim regulars with the huts
of their muskets dropped on the lot's of the
crowd, they soon made a breathing space
but hot a wide one.
Dedication of (lie Woninn's Building.
At the dedication of the woman’s building
today Mrs. Palmer delivered an address.
A jubilate by Mrs. 11. 11. A. Beach, of
Boston, xvas the next feature of the pro
gramme. Addresses were then delivered
by the following distinguished representa
tives of foreign nations: Spain, Duchess
de Veragua; Italy, Countess di Brazza;
England, Mrs. Bedford Fenwick; Scotland.
Ireland, Duchess of Aberdeen; Russia,
Princess Scachoffski.
The hymn "America” and a benediction
brought the exercises to a close.
Departure of the (’resident.
After leaving the exposition
ground, the president went into the
private car of Second Vice President Hara
han, of the Illinois Central railroad, which
was awaiting him under the care or Con
ductor H. R. —McCarthy. A party reception
was held in the car and for ten minutes ex
position officials shook bands and said pleas
tint things to the chief executive, while he
in turn thanked them for their warm recep
tion and assured them that the exposition
was a grand success.
Willie the reception was In progress a
wagonette with six white-capped and white
aproned young ladies drove up to the sat-
I tion. They alighted and hastened to Mr.
Cleveland's car. Without ado the young
women xvent before the president and soon
the sweet notes of "Let Erin Remember the
Days of Old” floated out. The singers were
three maids and three shell girls from the
Irish village in Midway plaisance. President
Cleveland listened attentively to the music
and when it was finished showed bis appro
ciation by thanking each one of the singers.
At Work Finishing Up,
Chicago. Maj' 2.—So far as the work of
building the fair is concerned yesterday was
simply a brief breathing spell. Early this
morning an army of workmen took up the
tangled ends where they were left off Sat
urday and department chiefs resumed their
occupation of hastening that day when the
exposition will be complete. The employes
xvho swarmed through pass gates this morn
ing would have made a very respectable
attendance.
Today thousands of teams were again
pressed into service for bringing in exhibits
Locomotives puffed and steamed with clang
lug bells as they hauled in carload after car
load of wonders of art and science from
numerous parts of the earth. Then a hun
dred men set. upon the grand stand, where
President Cleveland pressed the button that
sent the electric thrill through the monster
enterprise and soon had the stand pulled
to pieces and carted away. The band in
the half-finished pavilion near the beautiful
basin to the east of the administration build
ing continued to play throughout the day,
while carpenters kept time to the music as
they hammered away.
HISTORY OF Tin: EXPOSITION.
Inception and Progress of the Great Enter
prise Now Open.
Chicago, Maj' 1.- —Nearly eight years have
elapsed since the idea that culminated in
the formal' opening this morning of the
great. White City was given root. Appro
priately' enough the suggestion had its ori
gin in Chicago. It was on November IS,
1885. that the directorate of the interstate
exposition, an organization under the aus
pices of which an autumnal show of the
agricultural and manufacturing resources
of the western states had been held for
many years in the old exposition building
on the lake front, the site of which is now
occupied by the memorial art palace,
adopted a resolution favoring a national
commemoration of the quadri-centennial
of the discovery of the American continent
by Christopher Columbus. It is doubtful,
however, whether the imagination of the
mover of the resolution or of those that
voted for it could have conjured up the
stupendous results that were to spring
from their simple but patriotic proposition.
The idea, however, attracted instant and
widespread attention, and early in the fol
lowing year the board of promotion was
organized in New’ England, with ex-Gov
ernor Clafliin, of Massachusetts, as pres
ident, for the purpose of securing congres
sional action favorable to the proposed
commemoration Through the efforts of this
board a resolution was introduced in the
senate on July’ 21, 1886, by Senator George
F. Iloar, of Massachusetts, for the appoint
ment of a joint committee of fourteen to
consider the advisability of holding a
world's fair. At this time the leading spirits
in the movement favored the national cap
ital as the location, and the erection of
both temporary and permanent exposition
buildings. A favorable report was ren
dered. but for a while the matter higgl'd,
and it was not until three years later that
■ Chicago took up the matter in earnest.
July 22, 1889, the city council adopted a
resolution instructing Mayor Cregier to ap
-1 point a committee of 100 to proceed to the
national capital and advocate the selection
of Chicago as the location of the fair.
Three weeks afterwards a number of citi
zens organized a corporation with the title
"The World's Fair, 1892,” which was char
tered under the laws of the state of Illinois
with a capital stock of $5,090,000. By this
time the interest in the proposed commemo
ration had become national. On December
19th of the same year. Senator Cullom, of
■ Illinois, introduced the first world's fair bill
■ in the senate. For two months thereafter
I there was a tierce rivalry’ between the dif
i ferent cities that were eager lor the honor
of being selected as jhe site for the fair.
Chicago. New York and St. Louis were the
principal contestants. Delegation after del
egation swooped down uppit the capital,
and life was made a burden to the legisla
tors of both branches of the government.
Each city was accorded a fair hearing to
present its claim. In its last stages the
contest became marked with considerable
bitterness, but the agony was ended on Feb
ruary 24, 1890, when the national congress
selected Chicago as the site for the exposi
tion, and the bill was signed by’ President
Harrison on the 25th of the same month.
In the meantime the directory had met
and organized, and Lyman J. Gage received
the distinguished honor of being elected
as the first president. A special session of
: the legislature held in June of the same
year authorized the city of Chicago to in
crease its bonded indebtedness by five mill
I ions of dollars in aid of the enterprise. There
l upon the name of the corporation xvas
I changed to the World’s Columbian Exposi-
THE WEEKLY CONSTITUTION: ATLANTA GA- TUESDAY. MAY 9,1893
tion, and its capitalization increased to $lO,-
000,090.
.The first meeting of the national commis
sion, a body’ brought into existence bj’ the
act of congress, and composed of represeit
tative men designated by President Harri
son, and by’ the governors of the various
states and territories, was held in Chicago
on June 27, 1890. and ex-Senutor Thomas
AV. Palmer, of Michigan, was chosen as
president. Subsequently George R. Davis,
of Chicago, wes selected by this body as di
rector general. The selection of a site was
now in order. There was a tierce rivalry’ tor
the honor between tin* southern and western
sections of the city, but the lack of ample
facilities on the west side was evident
from the start, and on July’ 2, 1890, the
board of directors decided to locate the fmr
at Jackson park, a large open space <>n the
southern outskirts, and having a frontage on
Lake Michigan of one and a half miles,
and containing with the Alidway plaisance,
which forms a connecting link between Jack
son and Washington parks, a total of over
<SOO acres. On Christmas eve of 1890 Pres
ident Harrison extended an invitation to the
nations of the earth to participate, in the
exposition, and the responses were .immedi
ate and cordial. About the same time the
lady’ board of managers was brought into
existence, and Mrs. Potter Palmer, of Chi
cago, selected as president of the body.
The work of constructing the mines and min
ing building, the first structure undertaken,
was begun on July’ 2, 1891, and from that
time on the work of building up the White
City was prosecuted with vim-and vigor.
One structure rose after another, and on
October 21, 1892, in the presence of an as
semblage of over 109,990 people the grounds
and buildings were formally dedicated to the
purposes designed by the act of congress.
I’p to I he last, financial statement the total
expenditures on account of the fair had
reached the enormous aggregate of $lB,-
000.090, a sum equal to twice the cost of
the Paris exposition. Os this amount over
$15,000,000 had gone into the buildings of
the White City, while the balance had been
eaten up by general expenses outside of
the construction. Shortly’ before the ad
journment of congress a special appropria
tion of $2,500,000, in the form of souvenir
silver coins, was voted by congress in aid
of the enterprise. Five million dol
lars’ worth of bonds, due on January Ist,
of the coming year, were also issued and dis
posed of at a premium. It is an interesting
fact that the gate receipts from visitors
prior to the formal opening today reached
the total of a quarter of a million dollars.
Paderewski Will Not I’lav*
New York, May 4.—Paderewski has broken
doxvn, it is said, under the strain which
he. has been subject to of late and will
probably’ be unable to tippear at the benefit
for the actors’ fund at Palmer’s theater to
morrow afternoon. He came to New York
tonight and xvent at once to Ihe Windsor
hotel, whore he shut himself up in his apart
ments and absolutely refused to see ant
one. He, however, sent out this statement
about playing tit the benefit;
“I will shoot myself before I'll play to
morrow. Tell them to take all the money
I’ve got but I won’t play.”
The performer was in a state bordering on
nervous hysteria, ami while he talked co
herently. it, was evident, that great excite
ment was telling on his mental faculties in
another degree.
Harrison nr«i Morton Took nojl’nrt in It.
Washington, May 3.—A prominent democrat
ic senator was yesterda.v inquiring of officials
here why It was that an e.x-president and an
ex-vice had not participated in the naval re
view and the opening of the world’s fair.
Tl.is senator said that it has always been
customary’ to take part in national affairs of
this sort and recalled the fad that Mr. Cleve
land and Mr. Hayes, as ex-presidents, partic
ipated in the Columbian exercises last Octo
ber and that Mr. <'leveland was invited to
the dedication of the world’s fair buildings.
Whether Mr. Harrison or Mr. Morton was
invited to the naval review of the opening of
the world's fair is not definitely known here.
The fact is. of course, plain that neither
of them attended either ceremony. The query
is, xvhy?
Africans for the World's Fair.
New York. May 2.—-Sixty-live Africans,
xvho are to show the “dark phases” of Afri
can life at the xx-orld’s fair, xv■•re steerage
passengers on the steamship Ltt Bretagne
todav They were taken to Ellis island,
where, -after Ir-ing registered, they started
for their destination in the xvest. There
x'.ere twenty women and four children in tb.e
party. Most of the htitnan exhibition comes
from Dahomey.
She Is Insane
Chicago, May s.—The woman xvho stopped
President Cleveland in tile corridor of the
Lexington hotel, last Monday. Is insane.
Her name is Anna Rink and she Is inter
ested. site says in procuring pension papers.
She was examined today as to her sanity.
A ease of insanity’ was clearly proven and
tiie woniati was ordered committed to
Kankakee
Admirals to Visit tiie Fair.
New York. May 2. Admiral Glmraridi and
about ninety’ foreign and i'nited Stales naval
officers will leave the Grand Central station
at s:!.") o'clock a. tn. on Thursday for a
visit to the world's fair.
IL//.4 7' OT HE RS 8.4 F.
Buffalo Express: if Mr. Gladstone is assas
sinated the Inflammatory talk indulged in by
tiie tories and orangetnen will be to blame.
Pittsbui’g Tinies: It is not surprising that
a crank went gunning for Gladstone. The
surprising thing is that there have not been
several cranks gunning for hint.
Minneapolis Tribune: The jienalty of great
ness lias overtaken Mr. Gladstone. In tills
age of homicidal erankery it is a. wonder that
the grand old man lias escaped so long.
Philadelphia Public Ledger: If the man ar
rested in London had any designs upon Glad
stone's life lie was happily arrested In time.
The entries in ills notebook show him to have
been a fanatic, possibly irresponsible, but all
the more dangerous on that account.
Louisville Pommelcial: A crank has been
arrested in tamdon suspected of an attempt
to murder Mr. Gladstone. There are so many
cranks in tiie world that politicians xvho deal
in extravagant and exaggerated denuncia
tions of their political opponents, merely for
political effect, are about as responsible as
tin- cranks for the crimes the cranks commit.
Governor Wilson, of Missouri: "Tiie heart
less kings of Spain robbed tlieir American
provinces openly and witli no apparent coin
pnnetions of conscience, imt tlieir successors,
the Rothschilds, have plundered the country
equally as effectually.''
Governor I'ennoyer, of Oregon: “The xvliole
history of tiie world does not. furnish .a crime
equal in atrocity to tiie demonetization of sil
ver. Against this crime tiie trans-Mississippi
congress slioqjd make a formal demand for
the restoration of silver.”
New York Herald: if a man has bet'll disa
bled xvhile in tiie service of the country, lie
has a claim for support wliielt no reasonable
'man will dispute. If lie xvas not disabled, but
lias his health ami can earn his living as he
did before he enlisted, lie tarnishes his own
honor and Unit of ids comrades in arms by
demanding a pension.
Boston Herald: It "oliows that, under ex-
Tsting conditions,there cannot, lie any material
Increase in Hie gold reserve. Secretary Car
lisle, of eoursu, no power to <manufact
ure greenbacks, ami so long as his income
and his expenditures belanee one another, lie
has no means of adding largely to his cur
rency balance, unless he Is furnished with
the currency by exporters of gold. The na
tional banks might combine in a proffer of
$50,000,000 of gold to the treasury, but it
would not be possible to carry the tender
into practical effect. Probably before one
fifth of the amount, was delivered the depart
ment would run short of notes, and the trans
action would have to be suspended.
Talbotton, Ga., News: Wall street is about
to let the kitten put of the xvallet. Can it
be possible that the democracy’ ami republi
canism of that city shake haiul z s ox’er the
money question? So far New York bankers
have failed to make any gold tender to Sec
retary Carlisle. The help has come from
Virginia. .Maryland and the west. Even Bos
ton is displaying more good democracy ami
genuine patriotism than New York. If xve
are not mistaken the next congress will have
an open eye and an iron will —and Wall
street will learn to be content xvith less than
the earth.
Albany Journal: The fair doubtless xvill
lie a source of strength to America during the
year 1893, but the specter of the tariff of
islli, which can be seen dimly as yet, but
which as time goes on becomes more distinct
and more hideous in its proportions, menaces
the business horizon of tiie future.
St. Louis Chronicle: The goldbugs arc cre
ating a terrible hullabaloo about the threaten
ed depletion of the gold reserve in the treasu
ry. but we have no doubt that the despised
silver dollar will buy just about as much meat
and bread tonight as it. did before the Wall
street bucean.’ers raised a xvlld whoop of im
pending danger.
SHORT AND TART
WAS THR ANSWER OF FENNOYRR,OF
, OREGON,
To the President's Request About the Chi
nese—Secretary Gresham's Statement
In Regard to tiie Dispatch Sent.
Portland, Oregon, May’ 4.—The follow
ing telegraphic correspondence today pass
ed between Secretary of State Gresham
and Governor I’ennoyer:
Washington, May 3.—Governor I’ennoyer,
the Capitol, Salem, Ore.: Apparently reli
able reports indicate danger of violence to
the Chinese when the exclusion act takes ef
fect, and the president earnestly hopes you
xvill employ all lawful means for their pro
tection in Oregon. W. Q. GRESHAM.
Governor i'ennoyer immediately scut the
following reply:
Salem. Ore., May 3.—To W. Q. Gresham,
Washington, D. U.: I will attend to my
business. Let the president attend to his.
SILVESTER I'ENNOYER, Governor.
Governor Pennoyer, speaking to Ihe
Southern Associated Press reporter said:
“The Gresham telegram is an insult to
Oregon. 1 will enforce the laws of the state
and the president should enforce the laws
of congress. It xvas with poof grace for the
president to ask me to enforce the state
laws, while he, without warrant, suspends
the exclusion law’.”
Ulewtuiid and Pennoyer.
Washington, May 4.—Secretary Gresham
reaffirmed today his statement of yesterday
that he had sent two telegrams to the gov
ernors of the western states asking them to
take precaution against violence to Chinese,
lie did not care to state how many and
what governors had been asked to take ac
tion, but said that the text of the dispatch
over his signature given out for publication
by’ Governor. Pennoyer, of Oregon, was cor
rect. The secretary declined to comment
on lhe ausxYer sent him by’ Governor I’en
noyer.
“The telegrams speak for themselves,
he said. "J sent a perfectly respectful mes
sage to Governor Pennoyer, ami received in
reply’ the dispatch which has been given to
the press. The representation had been
made to the department that, violence might,
be done Chinese subjects when the law xvent
into effect and dispatches xvere sent as
precautionary measures. I do not believe
there is anv prospect of trouble, but the
dispatches xvere sent, nevertheless, to allay
apprehension. ”
The serious trouble in xvhieh the I'nited
Sates became involved in the conflict be
tween state laws and treaty stipulations
over the killing of the Italians in New; Or
leans and also the killing of several Chinese
and wounding of many others at Rock
Creek. Wx’O., for xvhieh the United States
made reparation, induced the administra
tion to take every precaution to avert vio
lence towards Chinese citizens over the en
forcement of the exclusion law. Foreign
govefnments have alri’.qly required ex
planations from the United States with ref
erence to the paramount authority’ of a
state in regard to crimes committed within
its border in seven cases xx'here the crim.es
were not in violation of the treaty stipula
tions. The state department decided to
gix’e the Chinese government. In the event
of trouble the assurance that every precau
tion had been taken for the protection of
Chinese subjects, so far as the advice and
,'iithority of the general government could
do.
It xvill bo remembered that President Har
rison stronglv recommenilefl to congress to
pass a law- giving the United Sbites courts
jurisdiction over offenses against treaty
stipulations committed in the states, hut
congress declined to adopt the recommenda
tion .
Cmb»ni'« Warnin'’.
As soon as Secretary of Sfnto Gresham
returned here lie gave his attention to im
portant and somewhat startling reports from
California. These reports xvere to the effect
an anti-Chinese outbreak is almost certain to
occur in San Francisco and throughout the
Pacific country’ xvhen the Chinese exclusion
act takes effect within the next few' days.
■ The information which camo to Secretary’
Gresham xvas quite specific and wholly relia
ble. anil 11 indicated danger of great violence
to the Chinese population, particularly through
California.
Within an hour after Secretary Gresham left
the presidential train, bringing him back from
Chicago, he was framing telegrams to the
governors of the far western states, appealing
to them to maintain order and to protect
the Chinese against assault. Gue of these tel
egrams was to Governor Morrow’, at Sacra
mento, Cal. It xvas quite lengthy, and Inform
ed the governor that the state department had
tellable reports indicating danger of violence
to the Chinese population when the Geary*
exclusion act I tikes effect. Judge Gresham
add.ed that i’residen': Cleveland earnestly hop
ed that the govrenor would employ’ all lawful
means for the protetiou of lhe Chinese in
California.
The nature of the information which has
reached tiie secretary of state cannot bo as
certained, but it- is evident from his telegrams
to Governor Morrow <nd others that, lie re
gards tiie subject as serious and the danger
threatening, it is quite unusual for the fed
eral authorities to appeal to lhe governor
of a state regarding police affairs withiti the
jurisdiction of the state. It: will be
recalled that when the New Orleans atrocity
occurred and Italy demanded redress for the
lynehng of a number of her countryinen, Mr.
Blaine, the secretary of state, insisted that
tiie subject xvas one xvholly within the juris
diction of the governor of Louisiana and that
the federal government had nothing to do
xvith the case. Judge Gresham's telegrams in
dicates a departure from the old rule, and a
desire on the part of Mr. Cleveland and his
associates to maintain order and protect the
Chinese xvitbout wasting words over a con
struction of the constitution as to the respec
tive rights of the state aud federal govern
ment .
The Talk at Georgia’s Capitol.
Governor 1 ’ennoyer's telegram to Secretary
of State Gresham was read with much in
terest at the statehouse. The comments on it
were interesting, too.
Governor I’ennoyer is a populist and would
not go out to meet President Harrison xvhen he
xvas on his trip, and he would not let the
state’s guns be fired in celebration of Pres
ident Cleveland’s election last fall.
"Pennoyer is all right in his intentions of
maintaining the sovereignty ol his state, but
he has a gruff way of expressing his policy,"
said one official. "He might be more polite
and courteous in his tone. Lt is not cus
tomary' for one executive to be curt to a co
ordinate. Here in Georgia, our governors
have always resented interference by the na
tional government in state affairs. There
xvas the ease of Governor Rabun, xvho had
a tart correspondence with General Jack
son seventy-five years ago. The governor
told the general to attend to his own busi
ness in very plain words, but the general was
not president then, lie was in command of
the troops in the field. Governor Rabun
had sent Captain Obed Wright xvith a com
mand against some hostile Indian towns.
Wright, came across a village and he burned
it and several of the Indians xvere killed.
They xvere hostile, and it was charged that
they' had committed several murders. Cap
tain Wright had disobeyed orders and Gen
eral Jackson had hint put in irons. Gov
ernor Itabun demanded his release. Wright
xvas afterward arrested by order of the gov
ernor, but finally escaped. In the corre
spondence xvhieh grew out of the incident
General Jackson was tart and Governor Ra
bun replied saltily to him.
“Governor Troup and Governor Gilmer
ench had some spirited correspondence in
their days with the presidents, and the cor
respondence xvhieh passed .bet ween Governor
Joe Brown and President Jefferson Davis
over the conscript law. Georgia's governors
stood up every time against interference by’
the national governments and showed their
resentment xvhen broad suggestions were
made. We all remember hoxv Governor
Broxvn protested against the operation of the
conscript law, not because he xvanted to ham
per the confederate government, for, as he
distinctly stated, he would raise all the
troops required by the confederate govern
ment, but ho declared that the act. xvas un
constitutional. He turned the tables, too,
on Mr. Davis xvhen he reminded
the president that he himself
bad declined a commission as
major general offered by I’residetn Polk,
stating that he believed the states should
select the commanding officers for their
troops.”
Governor Troup’s clash with the national
government came about, through the attempt
of the state to make a survey’ of lands
in south Georgia occupied by the Indians.
General Gaines was in the vicinity and
had military’ jurisdiction. He interfered xvith
the preliminary steps to the survey and
some hot correspondence passed between
himself and the governor. Finally he
wrote some letters to the papers and the
governor took exception to theni. He con
sidered them insulting. Complaining to the
president, Governor Troup said that in
maintaining correspondence xvith the gov
ernment of the United States he had not
permitted any false considerations of dig
nity, or any’ false estimates of forms and
ceremonies, xvhieh usually govern diplo
matic intercourse between states, to in
terpose the least difficulty. “So far from
it,” he sytid, “I have cheerfully’ descended
to the level of everything xvhieh it pleased
you at any time to employ as your repre
sentative or organ—from the clerks of gov
ernment bureaus up to your major generals
by brevet, and have acted and treated xvith
them as equals.
“In the deportment of some of these 1
have experienced annoyance, self-sufficien
cy, a haughty and contemptuous carriage,
and a most insulting interference xyith our
local politics; and these characteristics xvere
not. exhibited to one but to all of the consti
tuted authorities of the state. Now, sir,
suffer me in conclusion to ask if these
things have been done in virtue of your
own instructions express or implied, or
by authority of any xvarrant from you
xvhatsoever; and, if ont. so done, whether
yon will sanction or adopt them as
own, and thus hold yourself responsible
to the government of Georgia?”
General Gaines continued to publish let
ters in the newspapers xvhieh xvere insult
ing and the governor xvrote to the president.
In the letter Governor Troup said: “It. is
expected that your indignant reprobation
of his conduct will be marked by’ the most
exemplary punishment which the law xvill
enable you to inflict. I demand, _ there
fore. ns chief magistrate of Georgia, his
immediate recall and his arrest, trial and
punishment under the rules and articles of
xvnr.”
The president declined to have General
Gaines arrested.
Governor Gilmer’s Spat.’
Governor Gilmer had a great deal of
trouble over the refusal of people to leave
the Cherokee territory. Two missionaries
xvere arrested anti convicted and the gover
nor was censured severely outside the
state. But they |had been inciting the
Cherokees and tiie settlers to disregard the
laws of the state.
This xvas followed by the trial and con
viction of one Tassels for murder in the
Cherokee strip.
Tassels was tried in the Hall county
court. It xvas claimed that the court bad
no jurisdiction. The chief justice of the
supreme court of the United States xvas
appealed to and he sent xvrits to Governor
Gilmer and the sheriff of Hall county.
The governor sent a message to the gen
eral assembly’ and that body’ adopted reso
lutions expressing regret at the interfer
ence bv the chief justice in the administra
tion of the criminal law of the state and
pronounced t.he interference a flagrant
violation of Georgia's rights.
The resolutions proceeded to enjoin the
governor and every other officer of the
state to disregard any and every mandate
and process that might be served purport
ing to come from the chief justice of the
supreme court, for the purpose of arrest
ing the execution of any of the criminal
laxvs of the state. Governor Gilmer xvas
authorized, too, xvith all the force and
moans placed nt his command by the
state constitution to resist any invasion
upon the administration of the criminal
laxvs of the state.
WASHINGTON NEWS.
The President’s Return Home— Other Gos
sip of Interest
Washington, May 2.—Promptly at 5:o;>
o'clock this afternoon on scliedtile time the
presidential train steamed into the Pennsyl
vania station bringing Mr. Cleveland and
those of his cabinet who returned xvith him
from Chicago. Mr. Cleveland xvas the first
to step from the car and xvas followed by
Secretaries Carlisle, Gresham, Smith, Her
bert and Morton. Secretary Lamont, Post
master General Bissell and Attorney Gen
eral Olney’ not being with the party’. The
only’ ladies accompanying the p’arty xvere
Mrs. Carlisle and Miss Herbert. Carriages
were in waiting and the travelers xvere at
once driwi? to their respective homes.
Secretary Gresham said that the jour
ney home was void of incident, but that Mr
Cleveland and the cabinet xvere well pleased
xvith their trip.
The President at III* Post
Washington, May (>. —(Special.) —There
seems to he a quorum of the members of
both houses of congress in the
city toddj. prepared to swoop
down upon Air. Cleveland tomorrow
to urge appointments. Today was cabinet
day, and in consequence Mr. Cb v■•’:•*nd
xvas “at home” but one hour to callers.
.About the Alabama Offices.
Washington, May 3. —(Special.) —Though
Air. Cleveland returned yesterda.v and re
ceived callers for the first time in a week
today, there were but few visitors.
Although nearly all the members of the
Alabama delegation have been in Washing
ton since the adjournment of congress, they
have gotten practically jiothing. Colonel
Oates called upon the preslileid this morn
ing to know the reason why. The president
told him that he desired incumbents to
serve out tlieir terms unless there were
very’ good reasons for making removals.
The president intimated that offensive
partisanship and tin 1 use of federal offices
for political purposes would be considered
cause for removal. Colonel Oates said
there were several such eases in Alabama,
to which the president replied that papers
should be tiled in each instance aml propel
action xvould be taken. The delegation will
unite now in a strong effort 1" have all the
present republican office holders in Ala
bama removed at once.
' Lookinc for the Offices.
Washington, May’ 5. -(Special.)—-1 hough
Washington has been Acserted by congress;
men recently on account of the absence ot
the president and cabinet, since their return
the statesmen have commenced dropping m.
aud a quorum may be present before the end
of the week. Nearly all the Tennesseeans,
Alabamians and North Carolinians are here.
These states have almost been ignored by
the president up to date, but a rush is to be
made upon him now. Alabama’s innings
will probably come first, the delegation trom
that state being very earnest in an effort io
have the present republican office holders
removed. ,
Senator Ransom and Senator vance, <>f
North Carolina, are both here urging
clianges in that, state and it is probable
North Carolina's turn xvill come after Ala
bama’s.
SUIT OF THE SIN CIHII’AMES
To Tost the Constitutionality of the Chinese
Exclusion Act.
Washington. May -1. The proceedings to
test the constitutionality of the Geary act
are being prosecuted by the ( nines! Six
Companies of San Francisco. lhe coneiti
rence of the federal authorities to expedite
the hearing was secured by’ the Chinese
nation through ihe departments of state and
justice. The Chinese residents ot the butted
'States, to a very large extent, are subservi
ent to the Six Companies and tollow ihe ad
vice given by its officials in all mutters. Lhe
companies auvise the Chinese not to reg
ister as required by the act, but the Chinese
minister advised the subjects of his govern
incut to respect the l;iw. Within the lust
two days there has been a breaking away
from the Six Companies to some extent and
the applicants for registration at San L ran
eiseo are more numerous than can be ac
commodated by the present force. Ihe col
lector has asked the treasury department for
additional help. There will be no arrests
made for violations of the law until after the
supreme court lias passed upon the measure.
Should the la w be-sustained, it is said there
can be nothing like a general enforcement of
it until congress makes an appropriation
to meet the accompanying expenses.
The question of the constitutionality' of
the exclusion law xvill come up for argu
ment in the supreme court a week from to
*! Por the Six Companies Mr. Choate, of Nexx’
York and J. Ilubely Ashton will appear
and for the government Solicitor General
Aldrich.
Have Bogus Certificates.
The health officer at Astoria, Ore., today
telegraphed the department that the steamer,
Danube, had arrived at that, point from Hong
Kong xvith (>OO Chinese on board. These
Chinese xvere destined for Portland, Oro.
jn the course of bis medical examination
he also examined their papers aud he ex-
pressed the opinion that ’
600 Chinese have bugus
Speaker Crisp in Wa
Speaker Crisp returned
tonight, lie will remain sex’
ing after the interests
stitueuts. There are seven
fourth-class postmasters to
ed iu his district- Sex'i
dential postotlices must also be *
few of his constituents want ot.
Speaker Crisp’s Day.
Washington, May 6. — [Sp
Speaker Crisp spent today very
He had many callers ami xvas in
quence unable to make the round <
departments. Tomornnv he xvill call
the president in the interest of lhe mt
has endorsed for offices. In the first r.
he will inquire about Air. Myriek’s c>
and then he will strongly’ urge the remo
of Alarshal Buck immediately.
Minister I*. Al. B. Young returned t
AVashingion this morning. He is stopping
xvith Senator Butler, of South Carolina.
'l’odya he was at the state department, whore
he received his final instructions. Tomor
row he will call upon the president to con
sult witjy him about the attitude of our gov
ernment in regard to the recent troubles in
the republic of Honduras. He xvill proba
bly return to Georgia next week ami xvill
sail for Guatemala about the 15th instant.
The Speaker Called.
Speaker Crisp called upon the president
today, but on account of the rush, xvas un
able to do more than make an engagement
for an interview Monday. He will call upon
Air. Cleveland Monday’ afternoon and dis
cuss the mutter of Georgia appointments
mid other things xvith. him. He xvill strongly
urge the immediate removal of Alarshal
Buck.
Tom Johnson Talks.
Congressman Tom Johnson, of Ohio, io
talking about the xvork of the next congress
today said: “1 am inclined to think the
hardest fight we xvill have will be to pre
vent the placing of a tariff on sugar, coffee
and tea—particularly sugar.
“Without doubt, there xvill be a deficit
iu the treasury, and congress xvill be com
pelled to increase the revenues of the
country; then there xvill be considerable ef
fort made to repeal the most glaring exam
ples of the protective humbug in the Alc-
Kinley bill, but while there may be some
reduction in the enpenditures, there xvill be
a shortage and it. can’t be avoided. The
sttgiir planters tire already apprehensive
concerning the bounty. It has been at
tacked as unconstitutional by Edward At
kinson mid other eminent authorities. The
people feel that they are being plundered
xvhen they see their money’ paid over to
artificially bolster up an'industry that is
old enough to stand alone, and as a counter
irritant, some of them demand an income
tax. For my part, as between the two
evils, I think lhe income tax is to be pre
ferred to restoring the tax on sugar,”
Other Appointments.
The president today announced the fol
lowing appoint nnnts;
Alexander AlcDonald, of A'irginta, envoy
extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary
to Persia.
Wallace S. Jones, of Florida, consul gen
eral to Rome.
Stephen Bonsai, of ALtrylmid, secretary of
the legation of the United States to China.
Consuls of the United States:
Janies B. Taney, of West Virginia, at
Belfast.
Harvey Johnson, of Georgia, to Antwerp,
Alfred D. Jones, of North Carolina, at
Shanghai.
Charles T. Lyons, of New York, at Zan
zibar.
Benjamin Lenthier, of Massachusetts, at
Sherbrooke.
Harrison R. AVilliaras, of Missouri, at
San Jose, Costa Rica.
Ralph Johnson, of New York, at Fort
Erie. Ontario.
Henry’ I’. Dubellet, of Toxas, at Rheims.
James C Alouaghan, of Rhode Island,
at Chemnitz.
Charles Schaefer, of Kansas, at Vera
Cruz.
President Cleveland tonight made the fol
loxving appointments: William C. Renfro,
of Oklahoma, to be governor of the terri
tory of Oklahoma.
Charles c. Richards, of Utah, to be secre
tarv of Utah.
Charles M. Brude, of Arizono, to be sec- ,
rotary of Arizona.
Robert AV. Banks, of Alississippi. to be
receiver of public moneys at Jackson, Aliss.
AValter AVescott, of Colorado, to be re
ceiver of public moneys at Del Norte. Col.
David H. Hall, of Nevada, to be regis
ter of the land office at Eureka. Nev.
Darwin Z. Curtis, of Alichigan, to be
registrar of the land office nt Alarqnette,
Alioh.
James AV. Duncan, of the Indian Territo
ry, to bo special agent, to make allotments
of land in severalty in the Cherokee outlet
to seventy Cherokee citizens as provided by
act of congress annroved Afm’ch 3. 1893.
Harrison R. YVillimns. of Missouri, xvas
appointed consul to A'crn Cruz, but has
been transferred to San .lose. Costa Rica.
Mr. Williams is a Jaxvyer, who speaks th©
Spanish language fluently.
Goes to Antxverp.
Hon. Harvey Johnson, of Atlanta, has been
appointed consul to Antwerp.
He was one of Senator Gordon’s aids in
his race and in the campaign last year was
for Mr. Cleveland all the time. Ho xvas
president of the Young Alon’s Democratic
League and has been one of the most prom
inent of the young mon in the city. Last
October In- xvas elected to the state legisla
ture. from which he will resign to accept
the appointment to Antwerp.
THE INCOME TAX.
Hawkinsville Dispatch: An income tax
payable iu gold, would be a capital way to
apply the gold theory to the goldbugs.
Dahlonega Nugget: A graduated income
tax xvill in a measure settle the financial ques
tion of this country.
Albany Herald: The extra session plan Is
al! right, of course, except that September is
about five mouths too far away.
McDuffie Journal: The exhausted eondd
tiou of the treasury may necessitate an
earlier extra session of congress than xvas
at first expected.
Franklin News: The country demands re
lief, the democratic platform demands it, ami
there ought to be an extra session to afford
the relief.
Bainbridge Democrat: There is more finan
cial sense in an “income tax” than anything
that has been proposed to solve the equal
distribution of the burdens of government.
Greenesboro Herald-Journal: An income tax
is neither demagogic or pregnant with an
archy. It is simply placing upon shoulders
amply able to bear it tlieir responsibilities
and duties in maintaining the general gov
ernment. Among tiie coming reforms an in
come tax xvill be a prominent figure.
Sparta Ishmaelite: it ought to be called as
early as possible, instead of lieing delayed, un
til full. That is the dictate of wisdom and
sound party jxtlicy. A necessary xvork should
be done xvithout unnecessary delay. It re
mains yet to have suggested even the suspi
cion of reason for delay.
Sylvania Telephone: It is now positively
stated that Mr. Cleveland xvill call an -xir*,
session of congress. Tiie president realizes
that the exigencies of the times demand some
immediate action on the part of congress
and we may hope now that congress will be
as faithful in meeting those demands and that
a brighter day is dawning.
Greenesboro Hetald-Journal: The gold kings I
xvho have had the government in a swing for
some years go into convulsions at the very
mention of an Income tax. They liax-e been
living—duty free and extra furnished—on the
government so long that they believe they
have an inalienable, indestructible right to
their favored seat. The people take a dis.
ferent viexv of what are inalienable and in
destructible rights. The latter are entitled
to a “few” themselves.
The Georgia AVool Hat: Tariff reform
free coinage of silver, an income tax - ln i
financial reform constitute three-fourths f
more of the fundamental principles of
people's party, and, consequently, ' the
tion of these principles by the deinocrafle
part.v will recall and entice back to its fpß
nine-tenths of the people's party xvho s’lit
off aud deserted the democratic party In
tense of these very truths.