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4 FARMS AND FARMERS. SHORT TALKS WITH THE MEN WHO G VIDE THE I‘LO ’.f. Many Questions About the Farm Answered by the Agricultural Editor of The Weekly Constitution. Please look ahead and send in inquiries early— ordinarily an answer may not lie expected under three weeks, '.’ever request an answer by mail, the editor has no time to spare lor writing private letters. , . Never ask where an article can be had or the price. Editors have no bettersources ot informa tion about these than other people. The editor lias nothin*! for sale and is not interested in any thing advertised in paper. Ou<*»ti«iis of anv character concerning the form will lie cheerfully answered by the editor of this department, inquirers will please make their quest ions cl«mr and to the point. The editor of this department "Hi give all questions close research an<l will give the readers of The < (institution tha benefit of any information that can be ob tained on all questions propounded. Address communications for this depart ment to THE CONSTITUTION, (Farm and Farmers’ l>ci>t-> Atlanta. Ga. Spring; Flowing—Dead Grass. Etc. The damp, falling weather we have had Baring the past week may be accepted as a sample of the two or three months to come. At the close of the old year we were ten or twelve inches “short” on rain, the last three months being especially dry. According to the law of compensation we may reasonably expect a period, of greater or less length, of rainy weather. It there fore behooves every farmer to start to plowing promptly and to keep “every ptow going” whenever the weather is suitable and the ground is not too wet. The latter c mtion is, perhaps, needless, since every intelligent farmer knows that to plow a wet soil is to seriously impair its produc tiveness for at least the current year. The advice is generally given not to burn Dff dead grass, cornstalks, etc., but to al ways plow them under. This advice Is based on the well-known principle that such vegetable matter adds to the humus of the Foil, improves its mechanical condition and Increases its productiveness. The principle Is a correct one, but in practice it must sub mit to modifications according to circum stances. If we were intending to bring Into recultivation an old field with a strong, rank growth of broom sedge on it, we would turn the sedge and briars under wit a a heavy two-horse turn plow, in the fall, as early as possible, say in October or even curlier. This would give time for the sedge nnd weeds to decompose to the extent that they w ild er but little ol>staele to cul tivation the next spring and summer. The came treatment would be in order if it were a cornfield and the surface were cov ered with a heavy growth of crabgrass and c >rnstalks, especially the crabgrass. Hut if such broom sedge land < r foul corn fields have passeil through the winter until uft r Christmas our e;p rience is in favor of burning off the excessive vegetable mat ter. thus modifying the rule above men tioned. on the <l iim that thorough prepa ration of the ground, the putting it into Fuch < undition that the aft r planting and cultivation can be perfectly done, is of more importance loan the conserving of the dead vegetable matter. A rule we have for years followed in a general way is this. If plowing lands before Christinas we do not burn the grass and debris, the remains of the previous crop, especially if it be not }■• -ivy; but if the new year has come in and particularly if such dead growth lie rank i nd abundant, it it is thick enough to burn, we burn it off and get it out of the way. Any farmer who doubts the propriety ot burning oft a rank growth of crabgrass late in the spring, before plowing, may easi ly convince himself by burning the grass from half of stub a field and permitting 11 to remain on the other half and have a tussle with it every time lie works It, on until crops are “laid by.” If is be as late as March, or even not later than I'e-cua’hy, we would not hesitate to guar antee a better crop on the burned off half o the tie! 1. Now. if a’ large two-horse plow and good weed hook or chain be used It: the hands of a faithful and skilful plow man. tl. • plowing may be done without burning off; but otherwise, better get it out ci’ the way. A rank growth of dead cornstalks is ■ worth to the land. In the fust place, a soil that will produce a r; :.k grot ch of cornstalks does not, as a r.;i-■. so much require the addition of vegetable matter. But a good way to g* t rid id corn-talks without burning them is one of the following! 1. Let one or more hands, as many as may be found necessary, follow the plows as they go around, pull them out and lay them straight in the 1 ar row last run. Then, in addition, require each plowman to do his work well and hide c, ry stalk. 2. The other plan is to take an ordinary sickle, such as is used by hand lor trimming lawns, or harvesting rice, or a long thin-bladed, slurp knife, and by quick right ami left and downward strokes cut the standing cornstalks into from four to six pices each, letting th*' pieces fall as they will. Most of these pieces will be buried bj a two-horse plow, and, being short, they will not be much in the way of subsequent euliit ..lion. R. J. REDDING. FARM AND Ol ESTION BOX. Various Subjects on Which the Farmers Ask Information. M. B. Turner, Coosa, Ark.—l will join vour hog rat-dug exper ■ o*.*- .n-** ting. First, i have eight hogs to kill this winter; they will average 2-0 pound- dr-s.-. d: they have run out on th • rance all their live.--; 1 gave 1 i slop to get them come up. i am feeding some corn >- w to make their fat linn; acorns : white oak and ; • • I - ■ s . in at has cost me about cents per pound. They are Berk frmro bleed. To Subscriber, Resaca, Ga.—Your de- F(-ription of th ■ symptoms ar - not sufficient to enable a ch ar diugnoi s of the case. For instance, you do rn t say anything about the pulse .u the r<. ■ ira ■ ion. Ji may ha*-e I" n phrinitis or inti; munition ot the brain; or it may have been > re:-ro-spinal menn -aitls, probably the latter. In menin gitis t!:-* pupils are dilated, the pulse is • ; and I 11, breathing rapid, a t witch in . ot the muscles of the head and neck. the f. ver in.- .uses blindness and deaf dlo We do Hot th irk it was a ease ot poisoning. T. I’. It., Oconee, Ga.—l. I want to broad cast four hundred pounds of fertilizer per fi r melons, .o be planted the last week in March. Please tell me the best time to apply the manure so as to get the full benefit. 2. Can you tell me what ingredients to use, with fish, in order to make a com plete fertilizer. 1. If the fertilizer is a commercial fertiliz er we would not apply it until a few days heft -r.■ ;nting time. Indeed, we not sow it broadcast at all, but scatter it in and around the hills to a distance of two or three feet from the center ail around. Four hundred pounds of fer tilizer per acre, applied broadcast, would be x ery light manuring; but would tell if ap plied in and near the hills. 2. Acid phosphate and potash. S. C., Gilmer, Tex. —I have a mule, h\e years old, in good lix, has been for tome time. When used the sweat, would firop oft of him; now, in the place of sweat • t is a kind of matter that comes through the pores of the skin Eke sweat; appears to be still all ov< r. Please tell me what is the cause and give a remedy. It is probably a case of “surfeit,” due to high condition and rot enough regular work. Give a purge of five drachms of aloes ana half pint of raw linseed oil. diminish the food and give more exercise. After taking the purge feed him on bran mashes for a couple of days. Then give a tablespoonful of the following mixture, night and morning, in his feed: Two ounces of saltpeter, two ounces of rosin, two ounces of linseed meal; powder and mix. Use a brush to keep the skin soil and clean. J. A. J. P.—Vanteen, N. C.—Please ans wer the following questions for a subscrib er: I have two Duroe pigs, about lour months old, father and mother of the pigs both registered. I ’nought them at about six weeks old. Can J have them registered and if so, how? If not, why not? Whose province is it to have th -m registered; mine or the former owner? When may pigs be registered and v.tu-re? Please give any information on the subject through The Constitution. Yes; they are entitled to registry, but we don’t know the rules in detail. Write to R. J. Evans, secretary National Duroc- Jersey Record Association, El Faso, 111., for a copy of the constitution and by-laws and other information. Tell him you want to register and he will tell you what to do. It is the duty of the present owner to reg ister the pigs, unless it was a part of the contract of sale that the breeder was to do it. You will probably have to get the affidavit or certificate of the original own er—the man of whom you bought them. Subscriber, Horn Hill, Tex. —I have a young Berkshire sow that lias given down in the loins; supposeci to be kidney worms. Please give best remedy. Little can be done in case of kidney worm, or of trichina, one or the other of which is the trouble. You can keep the animal in good, comfortable quarters, turn it over once or twice a day and give nutritious food. It may survive the attack and re cover after several weeks, but no medi cines will reach the parasite. It is gener ally best to kill the affected animal if it shows no signs of improvement in two weeks. If it is kidney worm, death will be sure to result: if the other (trichina), give one-half ounce doses of whisky three times a day, and a teaspoonful of sulphur morning and night. James A. L„ Little River, Va.—T have a colt ten months old. .About the middle of last summer its nose from eyes down be came covered with v.hat appears to be seed warts. Will you please inform me u .nit will remove them. We have repeatedly given directions for treating warts. The simplest remedy—but not always effective —is to grease them once a day with olive oil. This may be tried first for a couple of weeks, and if it does not succeed then the following: If the wart is pedunculated, i. e., projects from the sur face. chop it off with sharp scissors or lie a silk thread tightly around the neck of the wart. Then touch the surface with lunar caustic, or with bluestone, or with a red hot iron. If flat, so that the wart cannot be clipped off or tied off, trim the surface with a sharp knife, and then touch it with nitric acid once a day until destroyed. When well burned down with acid, grease them daily with sweet lard. To T. P. R., Reynoldsville, W. Va.—Any seed dealer in Richmond, Va., will sell you peanut seeds. We cannot tell you of what farmer you can buy the peas you want; possibly W. A. Dennis or John B. Gorman, bo‘h at Talbotton, Ga. You can get them of J. 11. Alexander, Augusta, Ga. But you should be able to get anything in the seed line from regular seedsmen near you. Mr. G. A. L., Missis Jpi, wants us to publish that he will send for $1 a perfect cure for a certain horse disease. VVd can not do this, as we do not personally know him, and we are not willing to h t these columns be used for private purposes. You should either publish a r- i-ipe free (and we will gladly do it free) or send your adver tisement to that department of The Con stitution that works for the money. Y. & 8., Latta, S. (.’., wants us to refer him to some house in Philadelphia, Pa., to whom they could likely sell cypress shin gles. We do not know. Have not been to that village in some years and hav*> not kept up with the shingle dealers. Please do not ask for such information, as it is entirely out of ot’r line and the- scope of our undertaking. See head of first column for what we propose to do and what not. C. A. D., Nicholson, Miss.—l am entirely ignorant in gardening and farming. I hivi* an old ox-lot for a garden, ft is bottom land, ami was considered good before used for ox-lot. I am having it spaaed up to a 00l Slip si ’seiv'Ui OAV>.vq iiioqu jo ipdop deep? I have a large quantity of whiteoak aslms. Would they improve the land for x-t:>l le.-. ami v.hat quantity would be most beneficial- >ne-half inch, one inch or two inches, i horn* to see your answer in time to be governed by it. 'The ashes v. ould be a good application, but one-half inch would be too much. After spading up the ground, twelve inches is not I . jeep, then spi ead a coating ol the ash< sufficient .o eour the surface tightly with tlie ashes, which will require, say one-halt a bushel to the square rod. But ashes is not a comjilete manure. You will want to us.* some stable manure, thirty or .forty loads per acre, or 'tton st d m al an I -: > phate. > G. W. J., Chipley, Fla.—(l.) I have a valuable mare that situ •* I brought her to this climate becomes sick by overheat ing or a little hard work. When she is sick she wants to roll. Is it bots and wliat is tiie remedy? (2.) Jly chickens within the last month l>la< k scabs on tin. ir combs with swol len eyes; can you suggest a remedy? (1.) Your mare is probably troubled with indigestion from some cause, but it is im possible to say, with any certainty, from the meager description, what is the mat ter. It is not bots, for it is rare that they cause any pain. It is always a good rule, when you cannot locate the cause or exact character of the ailment of a horse er other dumb animal, to change th'- food. Step giving corn or reduce the allowance of corn one-half, and substitute oats. (2.) Your detail of symptoms is again very meager. You don’t say whether theii heads become sore, or whether th< re is any discharge ol’ matter and its character, it may be chigoes, or it may be -’roup,” v> Inch is incurable. Grease the combs and all exposed parts of the head. Look lor insects. J. O. L., Mt. Olive, N. C. —Will you please give a recipe for pulling up beef for spring use? The following recipe for “corning beef’ is given by an experienced N irgmiu house keeper: Cut up the beef in convenient sizes and salt down as usual, adding a pinch 01. saltpeter to each piece. Let it remain in salt three days, drain off the bloody brine formed by the salt, wipe each piece with a clean cloth and repack in the tub—a mo lasses or syrup cask will answer, but not a whisky barrel. For the brine take as much water as will cover the beef, add salt until it will dissolve no more, a teacupful ol ground saltpeter and a quart of molas es. Boil this and skim well. When entirely cold pour over the beef and keep it well pressed under the brine. These propor tions will answer for 200 pounds of beef. Should the brine mold in warm weather, rcboil and skim It, adding half pound of bi carbonate of soda, and when cold return to the beef. Corned bes should lie boil el until the bones can be slipp'-d out. and allowed to cool in the liquor in which it was boiled. Do not cut until cold. A Subscriber, Laurel Hill, N. C.— 1. I have a young horse that eats bis dung. phn.se give catis3 aii'.i. rprneuy. lie eats wi 11 and is in good condition. 2 Will pea vine hay fed to horses cause the disease known as “bellows?” Ph'Use answer above Questions anti oblige. 1. This is called “depraved appetite,” and is a form of indigestion or dx spepsia. Ihe most obvious first treatment is to tie his be*id up so that be caimat get such un natural foods as dirt, etc. Change his food completely. Give green food whenever practicable. Give a lew’ sweet potatoes, turnips, scalded oats and bran mashes. Purge him with the following dose: Five drams of aloes, one dram of ginger, one dram of ginger root, syrup or soap enough to form a ball. When purging is over prepare the following: One and a half ounces of copperas, one ounce saltpeter, two drams foenugreek seed, two ounces Ims -d meal. Mix and give a tablespoonful night and morning in soft feed. Continue this one week; then stop one week and re peat. 2. No; there is no cure for “bellows,” but all that can be done is to feed concentrated food, and wet everything he eats. Pea vine nay is good—better than fodder —be- cause more nutritious and, therefore, wall not have to give so much. A bellowsed horse should never be permitted to eat a large quantity of coarse or dusty forage, which would distend his stomach and inter fere with the free action of the lungs. Clean oats, say eight pounds, corn six pounds, and pea vine hay—not more than five or six pounds—would be a good day’s ration for a bellowsed horse of 1,000 pounds weight, when at full work. J. M. McL., Amite County, Mississippi—l have a mule that has been stiff for fifteen months. It first started like she was wex,k In her loins and then seemed to get all over THE WEEKLY CONSTITUTION: ATLANTA. GA. TUESDAY, JANUARY 16, 189*. her. Sometimes she is worse in the should er or toot one, I can’t tell which. Stic will lie down a great deal of her time, and when she gets up she can hardly step until she stands awhile. When she is standing she will keep changing her hind feet like she is in a great deal of pain and she has siynething' like the big head, bat it is too low down for that; and sue has the big jaw and that is down just above the fork of the jaw bone. This enlarge ment of the head and jaw was first noticed about eight or ten months ago. Please ad vise and prescribe a remedy. Your account of the symptoms is not such as to enable us to judge the case with any certainty; but it is probable that your mule haS chronic rheumatism, which would account for the stiffness and lameness. Give the following: One ounce calchicum seed (powdered), one ounce saltpeter, two drains foenugreek seed. Mix and divide into twelve powders and give one night and morning in soft food. Foment the affected parts—the fetlocks, knees, hips and should ers—with hot water three times a day. Then wipe dry and apply this as a lini ment: One and a half ounces tincture ar nica, one ounce tincture of opium, one and a' half ounces liquor ammonia, water to make one pint. Mix and rub well twice a day. Subscriber, Barnwell, C, IT., S. C.—l. If a mule is wormy will it make him over-anx ious to eat? < 2. Will they make his hair long? 3. Will it swell his belly? 4. Are the above a sign of indigestion? 5. What is good for indigestion'? 6. What is good for worms? 7. Which of the three is best for hogs — peanuts, potatoes or chufas—to plant in small quantity and do the most good? 1. 2. 3. These are all more or Ass indica tive of worms. An animal affected with worms will ha.ve a capricious appetite, us ually a ravenous one; emaciation, coarse, dry, starving coat, and a pot-belly. Often a whitish yellow mould will be seen around the anus and more or less of lhe worms will be seen in the dung. When the worms get into the stomach the horse will turn up his upper lip, and will rub his lips against the wall of his manger, or will lick the wall, and sometimes lick the hair off himself, and often will persistently rub his tail or keep switching it around. 4. Yes, but it is produced by worms and over-eating. 5. See reply to “A Subscriber,” Laurel Hill, N. C., .just preceding. 6. Give, for worms: 1 drachm copperas, 1 drachm tartar emetic, 2 drachms linseed meal. Mix and give as one dose, repeating it morning and night for one week, then give lhe following purgative: 1 ounce spir its of turpentine and 1 pint raw linseed oil. Mix and give as one dose. Alter tmee weeks repeat the entire treatment to catch the young worms that may have hatched since the first treatment. To Mrs. Dr. McCown, Greenville, Ky.— We do nut knew ot whom you can get the “Guinea goat;’’ never before heard of such a breed. Will refer your letter to barge Plunkett. rhe Fork Question. C* 11, < iwen, Dundee, Miss., writes M> bt itk.er and 1 st.artea January Ist witii eixi head, valued as below, and also l “" JANUARY 1, U». Three barrens • ? Two bomsJ2-- T . , 5110 oo Fed 100 bushels corn Total investment- •• ■ " :) The following Is the account Januaiy .1, | Sold fourteen sows, gilts and pigs.. ..$ 59 50 | Sold 45 pounds of pork.. .. •• •• •••• Have on hand 2,::oo pounds of poik.. W ... Have on hand 150 pounds of lai ( L- •• ~ Have on hand seven head of hogs.. t._ 0) , s3ll 50 Loss first CSsi’and’feed2l- t'.."'"Yrnes vs .>■’ wi ' w.W.r, until fatten.ng Line Eighteen head w. fattened; som-; v* ry small ‘ o '*.- ! line sow by an aecia'nt. v rai nl D.e above number, st.n tin-, v■■ ■’ twenty-four hea l. This was she res • pasturing our sows on cl°\ l ' ‘ . ri, •• thu teaching that it yll i i,, ;. t, sows in pig rim on <■:. ver. a.- it causes abortion. Wo did not have a p ~,' ...nn*- a’ter turnine sows in clover, i, s .,nie wore far tcivanced. WeeU-a,- d. .on' will notice, M 54.50 We start Urn car with seven head, valued al Will j report success with these. | ( ‘ B , fid 1 vc :harj < d up the | value ot’ the pasturage.—Editor.) Thomas ]■' M.iguire, Littleton, N. renlv to tl " questions in The Constitution of liSth ultimo: 1.1 have twelve hogs to ige ab >ut 125 pounds. Phe’y ran in a pasture of twenty acres in'low grouiui and twenty acres m white , oaks during the year. 4 'They are being fattened on corn homi ny, wheat bran and middlings and a little "'■"i estimate my pork will cost me about from 4 to 5 cents’per pouinl. r,. They are a. cross ot Jersey Led anil I’olan l i ”nina. They are last year's pigs; <|. 1 not have any corn or feed until penned for fattening. Next year 1 am going to .’.iiPoland China and Ohio ’linprow"! Gfieslers. I have a pair of Ohio Imurov. 1 Cli .sters three and a half months 01/l th. t Weigh nin*'ty-six pouinl.-’ each. I luiv' sold between seventy and WC pigs and shoates this year. Now have on hand about thirty. I run a two-horse crop, eat my own meat, flour and corn meal. How is this, brothers? \ Better YV.-iy to Pickle Boric. I am an old Georgian and was raised on pickled p .rk, in.ma got about as Mr. Red ding recently advised. t 1c r>i .J a better way by accident. At the time ot killing' I didn't think 1. bad a suitable barrel, so I salt-d down as for bacon and when ready to hang, cut in I ■ >■ * a md pack las close as convenient in a barrel; then filled with water, adding a little more salt than would dii lolve, put a piece of plank on .the meat~ weighted down with a stone, to keep cov ered with brine. (If any leaks out add more water and salt.) The result was so satisfactory 1 have followed the plan sev eral years and don’t expect to change. The blood is all out before putting in 'pickle—the meat seems cleaner and has a. fresh salt-pork ilavor the year round. I m ver pickle any but sides and take out ies.ll the lean parts I conveniently can. The lean parts pay better in sausage. Try ibis plan and be convinced. M. F. ROSSER. Leesburg, Tex. I?ome-Mado lle:tsures. During more than twenty years of active farm life, we never bought a. half bushel or a peck measure. It is an easy thing for a man who is handy with square, saw and hammer, to make as many measures as he will need for a half a. life time in one HALF bushel \ HGME-MADE HALF BUSHEL MEASURE rainy day. The figure shows how they ar - made. l>r?:-sed lumber R inch or % thick, a few nails and bits of hoop-iron are ed. Os course, the lumber must be thoroughly seasoned, or it will shrink, and your measure will not do to “sell by,” and the corners should be strapped with narrow hoop-iron. A square box like the figure 12x12 inches and 7.46, or nearly in deep in the clear will hold half a bushel. One 12x24, and of the same depth, will hold a bushel; of, if a square form be preferred, make it 16 1-10 inches square and 7.16 inches deep, or 14x14 square and 11 inches deep. A box Bxß inches square and 8.4 inches deep will hold a peck. A box 7x7 and 5 inches deep will hold a half peck. CONSUMPTION CUR E D. An old physician, retired from practice, had placed in liis'liar.da by an l.ast India missionary the formula of a simple vegetable remedy for the speedy and permanent cure of Consumption, Bron' hitis. Cat nrli, Asthma, and all Throat and Lung Affections, also a positive and radical cure tor Nervous Debility and all Nervous Complaints. Having tested its wonderful curative powers in thousands of cases, ami desiring to relieve human suffering,l will sen l free ol charge to all who wish it. this recipe in German, Trench or English, with full direction ■ tor preparing and using. Sent by mail, by addressing with stamp, naming this paper, W. A, Noves, 820 Powers’ Block, Roches ter, N. Y TO THE FARMERS. COMMISSIONER NESRITT>S VAEUA- ItEE SUGGESTIONS. He Favors the Intensive System Home- Raised supplies Discussed —Timely Advice, About Renovation, .Etc, With the new year comes the ever-re curring question to the southern farmer, “What shall I plant and how shall I plant?” At this time last year everything looked propitious and the hopes of the farmers of the state for a year of unprece dented success ran high, but the low price of cotton and various other reasons have precipitated a period of unusual despon dency. The department of agriculture is daily besieged with inquiries from all over the state as to what should be the policy for the forthcoming year. “Yes,” said Commissioner Nesbitt yester day, “I have letters from all over Georgia every day from the farmers asking what is best to be done. My advice is in the main; ‘a reduction in the eost of producing cotton by securing a large yield from a smaller acreage. By this and home-raised supp.ies as far as possible meet lhe ex igency of low prices and secure better profits in the case of an advance. "1 have just finished a letter of advice to the farmers of the state, suggesting plans for the coming year. Tills report 1 intend to issue next week. In it I will say: "A knowledge of the results from the stale experiment farm at Grillin is (if great value to tlie body of farmers. Put soils and conditions on different farms and in differ ent localities vary greatly, and even on the same farm, different fields require different treatment. “On farms of waning fertility, and what Georgia farm is not more or less depleted? it is important to know in what deficiency consists, and each farmer should make, as it were, his own soil tests. Study the re quirements of each crop, and then carefully note the effect of each applied fertilizer. It is true that in commercial fertilizers there is what is termed the "perfect fertilizer,” containing all thix'e elements of nitrogen, acid and potash. "But, supiiuse we have discovered that there is enough of even one of these ele ments m certain soil, or that by certain pro cess we can draw them to the surface, v.hat is the use of paying a high price for ma terial already within our reach? Experi mental plats need not be troublesome or expensive, and they may be made io tell us more certainly than any general soil test, no matter how scientifically made, of what plant element the land stands most in need. “For instance, one plant may be fertilized with nitrogen alone, another with phos phoric a -id, another with potash, a fourth with nothing. Then combine these ele ments, two of each, then try all three. “These experiments bear directly on the economical side of farming, besides being full of interest and pleasure. To one who has been accustomed to -ook upon the soil as simply inert matter, tiiey open the door for a fuller and broader view, and lead to a more careful study of and more extended interest in the beautiful yet. simple laws of nature. To those who have never given this subject much thought, the statement that twelve inches below the surface of each average acre of land in Gcoi-gia there lies at 1 a 1 two tons ■ . phosphoric acid, three times as much potash, and t.vcii more than th it amount of lime, is almost beyond belief, and at once lhe inquiry is suggesleil: "Why buy these elements at all? Why not plow deep, firing them to tie- surface and add onlj 11 ogen ? The 1 ■ plj is, these elements are not in soluble form, the ordi nary crops cannot appropriate them because plants do not eat, they drink. Therefore, knowing these two I'-n-ts, i. e., that the elements < an be placed in reach, and Vet the i !a.iits le unable to appropriate them, tt follows that our chief study sfiouid in- E.Cv to put these important eh met ;s in soluble form, that th'-y may enter into the strueiure of our growing crops. And here we have th>- broad field of renovating crops opened for our inspection and thoughtful study. “Our ordinary eroiis of coni and cotton and .'<■ 11 : rain cannot apt ' • tores, but leguminou pl nl can. in this class are peas and clover. lien the routs and stems of either of these are left to decay in the soil. 1i *■ " ' ■ natu ’ ■ ■.■ . E.ii J- 'irelv to convert the stores of phos- V »' *• 'i- I' ‘ ash an I nitrogen, which itherod bj these plants from ', u and ■ i.iii l .. ;i!-.ero, iiivo available that Is, ala e 1 r cent of the . .. ' lenient are put in si iltible form and made fit for plant food. Fait and Winter Floivintg. “In former talks. I have urged the jr f \ruinee of deep fall and winter plowing oh stubble land, or on land where there was an accumulation of vegetable mat ter to be turned under. Recently there b.as come under my observation an illus tration so pertinent, that J give it for the beneiit of those who are still disposed to question tlie v, isdoni of this plan. In a certain locality in north Georgia, and. 1 may as well mention, situated in the heart of the drouth stricken region, a farnmr began last January to turn under a broom sedge field. He was a new comer in that section, and when his neighbors saw him burying deeply, with a two-horse plow, the heavy mat of sed , r< and tops, they assured him that lie was ruining his luihl. , “But when they discover' d that he m tented to plant corn on the land thus prepared, their im-reduiity reached its heigh', and various were the prophecies ot faiiur-. In the spring the rains wore heavy and long continued, but in June the drouth began and for weeks not one drop of rain fell' <.ii the parching plants. Tlie surround ing crons almost dried up, lull on this deep ly’plowed land lite corn remained green and vigorous, yielding thirty bushels to the stere, while the average yield on adjoining farms was scarcely more than eight bushels. Bear m mind that there- was an ample supply of moisture absorbing vegetable matter which was thoroughly burn d, and no t hft on tlie surface in tufts to dry out rapidlv after each rain. •■The beginning of the year iiims mire of olio r occupation.-' resuniitr- i l egular duties and it is u. mistake for n farmer to allow’one day to follow another ana each continue to find his plans übir.’t * ’ ••• anil immature. He should dec.de clu:.i' l .y want he intends to do. realize tne difficulties to be mi t, and s* lect Uk . best m< tn them. !-■ t him keep ste: dily in mind these factA: that tutuie ii.cess in cotton planting depends on reaming tlie cost of product ion, mid on iiome '' l ‘‘Tb'■ first required sound judgment, a knowledge ot the laws of piepaiation .inti eultivalion, and u study of the ea.p-ieity ot his land and th" eft’ei l of terld i < I >on. Dur ing the P tst ' ar manj a farmer -.•'itwl land which, umier most favo.able conditions, was incapably ot reiuniing the cost ol' preparation, fertilization and culti vation. If the mtiinl cost id production for an acre of cotton is less than ..he .'jeid of tli.it acre, one-third of a. bale,_ wnieh ' i] average state of G it requires only a glance to see that toe result is on the losing side for the farmer. :• ;m.i labor are to ■ - stly to be expended on land which will produce only a bah- to three acres. It tne lurmer 4 convinced of this, let him n solye to leave Ills poorest land to the kindly officers of Mother Nature. Give them an aosolute and entire rest, and begin the renovating C'oncentra.te on these labor ytnd f.iiilizeis and manures; study plans ot Ilenoviition stud Rotation. “If necessary, terrace the uplands and ick’s Floral Grdde,lß94, (2? : ' '?'■ I The I'idßieer <'at alogtie of Vegetables and Flowers. Contains 112 pages Bxlo 1-2 Indies, with descriptions that describe, not mislead; illustrations that XOVEf-TIES. Z 2" rr , . instruct, not exaggerate. Branching Aster, iG' X \'v 11 ' "’ • ’ ' '..yof water (oftcn R<)ld f orC hryß- liTfifr -r \ I color pniits m green and «im . w ’>> a old imckground,- anthemum.) • nb'JlL J I a <:re.un ofbeautv. pages of Novelises printed m S dis- ' iferr ,„G I Lrani • ..!*.• •. Ail the 1.-I'bog novelties and the be aof the Hibiscus, >unset, old varictiu 'Jo . !■. ~-d ,es you cannot afford to run Dahlia, Ethel Vick, y I Miy buy HONEST GOODS where you will receive i. ar ., e Corningfilories, full MEASURE. It is not necessary to advertise mat . TGl.S.t.oos’" I Vicks’seeds grow, this is known the world over, and also Double Anemone, ; 'I that the harvest, pays. A verv little spent for proper seed Charmer Pea, I '• • • Idoctoi Ibills. ’ Vick’s Maggie Murphy and r- . > I Bieral (mi.'e m*'haiKl'erni '.t catalogue for j ).(. If you iZf-SsStd L've a fii'c cari’- n send address now, with io cents, which 4 V.v,.rt --iCut'lel viay be deducted from first order. l rn. n.y. JAMES VICK’S SONS. Mention The Constitution. , -Ji- Why waste time, money and health •with‘‘doctors wonders ul cure a".s” cneeifles,2tc.,v,hen Lvili semi FREK the prescription of a . IY, 3 k J and positive remedy for the prompt lasting cure of f JftiCTsl JRiN Lost Manliood, Nightly Emissions. Nervous Weakness in r or voting men. Varicocele, 1 mpotency, and to enlarge weak, mtW in Twn Weeks. 1 send this preset p- I mfom Ami'’ tion Free of charge, nnd there is no humbug or advertising catch jth'vv- it Anvffood dr ujjuißt or ptiysiciancftD put it up for you. as everything is plain and siniple. All B Insk <nGSwill buy aßniull quantity of the remedy from mo direct or advise your S frinnt’o ic so afh’T vgu receive therecipe and see tba. chore is no humbug nor deception. Lu v you S™de m yon ? trktlv confidential, ana all lettero tent in plam Mention The Constitution. ditch the low, wet spots. An imminently successful Georgia farmer advocates the following: " ‘Sow in small grain, grasses and clover one-fourth of all arable land on the farm, rest one-fourth, pasture one-fourth, and cultivate in summer crops one-fourth. Al ternate these annually.’ Another says: “ ‘Let the oldest and poorest and most gullied laiid lie out for the present, un til we can get to mem in regular order. On the best acres pl.mt corn, oats and cotton; follow the oats with peas and save the vires for hay; follow the peas with, cotton, using the most prolific varieties, and fertilize liberally; follow the cotton with corn, add more manure, and then oats again. Every yeat a little more of the outlying or poorer lands may be taken into the system of renovation and improve ment thus inaugurated. Let these addi tions be sown in small grain and then peas, then cotton, then corn as before.’ “The question of suitable fertilizers should now be decided. Numerous inquiries have been received at the department, and there seems some dissatisfaction and some complaint as to tlie grade of goods sold in the state. » “The present standard of 10 per cent of material was settled upon after careful study and mature deliberation, as the proportion best suited to the generality of our lands. It is an axiom in agriculture, that the richer the land the more fertilizer it will bear. On our worn fields exhausted of humus, it is a hazardous undertaking to apply large quantites of highly concentrated fertilizers. “But this is a point each person must decide for himself, keeping in view the fact stated above. If he wishes the essential elements of potash, phosphoric acid and nitrogen combined in different proportions, he can have it done at the factory. Or, better still, a number of farmers can com bine, purchase a carload o£ material and themselves mix in the proportions* which, after careful study, they decide that their lands most need. These ingredients are guaranteed, and the farmer, with lus scales and rich scrapings from lot and fence corners, can save the cost of both freight and manipulation, and he then knows exactly what he is using. Hepnirs. “In former articles I have urged the necessity of attending to needed repairs, fences, ditches, terraces and buildings, of 'righting up’ matters on the farm ready for the coming year’s work, o< dealing away, as it were, obstacles which might hinder our success, tat us take Resh courage. We have much to be thankful lor. in the almost universal distress, we find that the farmer, who has his food supplies, ami this is true in much larger proportion than usual, though he has bttle money, is in far better condition than the majority of laboring men. Besides a cer tainty as to food, he has his house, his fuel, his garden and hope, which seems denied to his less-fortunate brother ot other avocations. . , , ’’Karmers must study all that relates to farming. We cannot afford longer to waste our capital. The school of experience is valuable, but it sometimes takes more than half a lifetime to get through, and we pay a high price for our diploma. Subscribe to some good agricultural paper, lhe low price of subscription is returned oyer and over again before the year is out m valu able information. , „ . "The three great essentials are, first, the theory—true plan- of farming; second, the art of controlling labor and of executing all work to the best advantage with least labor; third—last and best—success depends on quick perception, wise judgment, that seldom or never errs. How is this to be acquired except by the use of books, m conjunction with practice ?” STEALING COTTON. How It Was Done in the Days After tlie ii r. “Railroading is not what it used to be.” said the veteran knight of the rail, Thomas Lincoln, as he leaned back in his chair and became reminiscent a few days ago in the office of Hie Terminal Association. “Just after the war I was running on a freight in Mississippi. Vie had a crew of ten —an engineer, fireman, wood passer (for we burned wood), a conductor, four brakemen and two guards. The conductor got $l5O per month, the engineer $l4O and the rest of the men sf'O per month each. We made a round trip a week between Jackson and New ns. i “Cotton was about the only freight .and we hauled that loaded on tlat cars. We took the guards along, as the natives were in the habit of lying in the brush beside the road, throwing out a grappling hook, which made itself last to a bale of the cot ton as we passed by, and yanking that same bale into tlie wilderness. The cotton was then loaded on a wagon, driven to the near est station and sold to be agaitvharpootuid and resold. Some of the natives drove a prosperous business In this sorb of thing. “One night about 9 o’clock we stopped for water at a sort of out of the way place, and as we had to wait for some time to let another train pass we all went to the engine except the guards, who remained in the rear, ff’he gentlemen of the harpooning y watcht J this chance to comi t > the center of the train and carry off a few b.ib'S of cotton. We discovered the theft before we were ready to start and made up our minds to hunt up the rais ing cotton. The whole crew started out, armed with revolvers. We easily found the track of the wagon but a few rods from the railway, and succeeded by the a d of a lantern in following it through the woods to a hut a halt mile or so away, Tin re was the wagon standing under a ti’ci-, but the mules w( i e unhitched and the cotton had disappeared. “We walked noiselessly to the cabin and stepped in with drawn revolvers. There were two men playing seven up with a pack of greasy cards. They did not seem alarmed, but a little argument from be hind the guns persuaded them to hitch the mules to the wagon, and we found the stolen bales under u pile of straw. The ball.-: were loaded on the wagon and hauled back by th*' very men and mules that had carried thetx off a couple ot hours before, and we were troubled no more by that pair of robbers.” Drop II in tlie Slot. From The Americus Press. There is plenty of everything. Plenty of Clothes. Plenty of food. Plenty of money. If folks would turn their dollars loose, ev erything would be all right. Turn them loose, everybody. Drop a dol lar in the slot of investment and see the smiling face of good times bob up serenely from below. Plenty of Wiiile Heat in Randolph. Cuthbert, Ga., January 7.—(Special.)— More hogs were raised in Randolph county last year than in any other year since the war. These hogs are of fine stock and are in the greatest abundance. Very little meat will have to be shipped to this county this year. The beauty about the matter is tl .it those who usually have to buy are the ones who are doing the raising. The venture is one of the great goods resulting to the farmers through “hard times.” The Chinese language is spoken by the greatest number of people, over 400,000,000. © Wliat a wonderful tbin;,' is :t Jive seer., J? E) Immature, old or'lead it. may /"o/. !n** same. {) Mow to know? Old gardeners say that Os I I . This is the proof of life. When grown wr* give our word you will bp satisfi' *’ your success cj Xis ours. BURPEI FARM ANN! AL 5 By for J G 94, 172 pa;ir.-, ufi ■ :iil about 7>c.u Kfedfth'it Gt-W . The m.-" * * < -id! :h, ‘ f 5) 3. /.'O'lmv .ii :-n.'i . ' *Z Gi.'l curs Jp /ree for the asking if you Frmt: -'■<! h- W.ATLEC BURPEE & CO..Philadelphia. ; s&soßcsau ahjsi?* .■ i k&o . ■ . • ■ t. Y'V How to got the host, and how to grow them suc hut's lhe test Ku of o u r e e w Guide to Rose Culture ■Brisk forß'it. It tells you how Kl-i top?tth-'famou-D.A-C. K’S i.. ' 1 Wi n -b ’'.ith' iro'.vn roots; K® ’W-i wHk :• tne very lat*-tand fifes; ' r **4 VxJwi b'"-t 1 t'l'irinatiun forthe VIIO culture of all kinds of flowers. VZesendit free to imyoiii'. t with a sample copy of our interesting floral Magazine “.SUCCESS WITH FLOWERS.” THE DINGEE &. CONARD CO. Hone. Growers and• dsmen. West Grove. Mention The Constit.uton. A Don’t Lose If 1? A *A M W, PLANT FERRY'S SEEPS i&A this year, and make up for io. ■ tin, . . 27 Ferrj ’><Sc.nd Armnal ’ r i.- t... MA. give you many i :>■ t." .•.*■» NzJ? about what to rais: and how to 4*8(7 raise it. It <tn::ains im:•** 'oi- J&f to be had from no source, i*Tce to ail. /rtEe p. M. Ferry & Co. / p Mention The Constitution. E z - L"-! bp® &■ ■ V*"-.’?; ~ I EiKS . ' V'ce// .. ... ■ s;i A Complete f i";!ej*.n•> of .- . >r<Hrd varieties .'*.ml tb* m-v •fiuxgi < i ir. ■ . , •.1 fn ~ : ( : e Farming. Y..u iv . iw ' ;a purity or vital Ou r 1 PLANT SEED C‘?. P7 r North Ith ' Mention The 1 oustitutiom SEEDSI FOR TRIAL. I have £ md tl vertise good Seeds is to giv • nw.-ty ° r->r If you will send in » c 2-crot T f ■’ ’ ill ziiail frrr one your ’ ■ ;'«n. • /•*- < 'arrot, ■ Sq!»n.sh,To’ni! »Torni't or of L vr Coiosia. Cana’ion. out ty ■' : • -‘y, • Until you .see ir.. fir Ic.'ni - ive ’ i t.u - Over ’2’ <0 : ■ earliest vegotab!eg on r ' ->r ’ •< >e ?t. •- •? 1 p-i'es i.* ' ■ Mention The Constitution. 1 U/ i e N A : ■>’” al - ’ F*Q V,G 'A ■>, : ~*!F-OK-’I.>O CC.- CSi iet-’t'm Si., Chiiago, 111, Mention The C-.m-ticu .i. HORS *\ND O/ ' . ■ 1 11 ■’ 11 ’ \ ’ any r i .a 11 r i • ■ 1 ’’’ ''' • ’ / scription to nur Till-: FARMER S t-. il.’i 'b ' I- CGa.I/usIUN. St THE GUII Mt utlon '3 Co: ii • hi. _ pn FOR ’ -toiler !>SIf Uz • - - -•' -v GRIFFITH & SEMPLE, 540 Main St., Lo n .Mention The C ■.• st.'t' ‘.' ;i. ■ U: . '.■/J —-IL--.. St-, - j-y.- —4 BEST FARM ’FENCE, yrmde of CALVAN IZED STEEL Wllfi!. FENCES and GATES Snr all purpose®. Write fcr froe e-talogcj# giving particulars aud prices, Ad-irces &SDGWIGK BS3S. CO., Mention Tl * Constituli n. high feV'-y |S-/ . ■ ' , I A- ■' .*».’V.-.-*n>. n> . V, upjvit-o - ' '-,.4 i ■ ,t. No '-I. ■ ,■' aln r ia a.tvmce. : •nd -» or- '• • ‘•.•-•"i.il* ■ , ■ ’ if/f-jS". ‘A’, V- n r( -’t. Oept. 63 Chica<jo,ill. Mention The Cenfititution. tav,sp Lvcrr caknct see nr ■.* yql* co MlgklM II > 0 PAY FREiSHT. i. ii : 7’, Vr y.i.p’ 1 , ;Lt: ,’ xlc , tWird If-. Co., 32 Ave., CM.'ago. 11l Mention Tho Conetiiuiioa. | "" - ■ AGENTS WANTED MEAT I ( ■ iVt I’l 1 ; St.”* «’f, . Mention The Constitution. S2G : .•/Vr’.pfFi.C ?.bT»’I.V '..a. -;■ . •*-T y-.y s, . .' ’l!’*. c*B” '-nl P: .. ■ • ... g L~... ■ ' ' *i t emxGi’iEi Mention The Constitution, BID’S FAIRS * “lEDALandDIPLOMA, 3 • ’ ■ o .■' ' - LF* i’oult'.j. t* ’ ’ iy yMJ ( j C”11 *. -1 .'CB ’ U ft S £nx ’«' s Vi'.ue. ■ v&iuabk x. oaPoultry Culture. Adircas Reliabl»lneubßtorCo.| Qolney, Ill» Mention The Constitution.