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FARMS AND FARMERS.
fHOBT TJIT.KS WITS THE MEN WHO
GVIDE THE PLO W.
Wany Questions About, the Farm Answered
by the Agricultural Editor of The
Weekly Constitution.
Please look ahead and send In Inquiries
early—ordinarily an answer may not be ex
pected under three weeks. Never request
an answer by mail; the editor has no time
to spare for writing private letters.
Never ask where an article can be had or
the price. Editors have no better sources
of information about these than other peo
ple. The editor has nothing for sale and is
not interested in anything advertised In
the paper.
Questions of any character concerning the
farm will be cheerfully answered by 1 "
editor of this department. Inquirers win
please make their quest ions clear and to
point. The editor of this department will
give all questions close research and will
jrive the readers of The Constitution <
benefit of any information that can be
tained on all questions propounded.
Address communications for tht« d p
inent to THE CONsTITU 11<»>,
(Farm and Farmers’ Hept.) Atlanta. ■■ •
Cutton ns II Money Crop.
Cotton has been lauded as ‘‘king,
Stigmatized as “tyrant.” It is a king in a
broader sense than it is a tyrant. Ast le
from food crops it is today the most im
portant product of agricultural industry.
It occupies the chief place in the commerce
of the world. More fortunes are made and
lost in dealing in cotton than in any other
trade commodity. It always and every
where commands the ready cash. It \* ev ‘ r
rots or spoils and will keep indefinitely.
For these and other considerations that
might be mentioned it well merits the title
of king of trade commodities. The same
considerations unite to make it one of the
most convenient money crops of the south
ern farmer. But the subservience of the
average cotton planter to the sway of the
cotton monarch has had the effect of chang
ing the form of gov ‘rnment from that of a
limited monarchy t- ne of despotism. The
despot has requir rt slaves to make
bricks without s ’—to produce the
kingly fleece at a c t greater than the mar
ket price. There are thousands of farmers,
however, who have risen in reoelbon
against these despotic exactions; they have
thrown off their allegiar.ee as slaves and
are insisting that while cotton may rule
the eonnm reial world in a certain sense, it
shall be i>ut a servant to them, a mere con
venient form in which to exhibit the profits
cf their farming to the markets of the
country. The number of these farmers is
Increasing, and it is one of the most en
couraging signs of these hard times, ah.
Vid—awake. intelligent farmer is no longer
willmg to produce a bale of cotton at a cost
of $35 and sell it for $35. It is surprising
that any should have done so in the past,
end it is more than surprising that any
i continue to do bo. Only a few years
ago manv farmers were convinced, because
they wanted to be, that they could buy
corii cheaper than they could raise it-a
thing that was never true —but it has been
a difficult matter to convince many farmers
that they could buy their cotton cheaper
than they have been producing it. And yet
the latter proposition is absolutely as true
bs the former was false. It can be easily
proven that there are some farmers still
living, at least they exist, and call them
selves farmers, whose cotton crops cost
them more in actual labor ami money out
-1; V than the r< ps will s< 11 for m market.
Then why should not. such farmers open
their ey. s’ to the fact that they can buy a
cotton crop already made, picked, ginned
end baled, cheaper than they can grow it?
They convinced themselves that they could
buy corn cheaper than they could raise it;
therefore, why not buy their cotton as well
a- buv their provisions? Os course, to do
such a thing would be simply ridiculous,
apparently, but not so ridiculous alter all.
J: would be simply to quit cotton farming
and go to speculating in futures. We don’t
. -prop siti >n -to spec-
u’it ■ in futures—but we say that the ma
jor proposition is reasonable and sensible—
that such farmers ought to quit cotton
farming.
It | useless to talk about advancing the
market price cf cotton by anything that the
f i-, >■ r as an individual, or the farmers,
as a class, can do. It is entirely beyond
their reach—out of their power. Conven
ti >ns will not accomplish a reduction of
urea; resolutions of representative bodies
are worthless to the same end. All that a
farirn r may do will be to reduce the cost
of mak ng cotton. This he can do his lone
s< ls.” To do it he will be obliged, as a rule,
to plant a smaller area and fertilize more
liberally, but judiciously. To reduce the
cost 2or cents p. r pound most farmers
would have to cut down to one-third of the
usual area. Remember, success does not
ch pend on the number of bales a taim t
ninkes, but on the number of dollars he
makes on each bale, and this wiil depend,
of •• oitrse, on how cheaply he produces each
]..., 1n d of cotton that goes to make up the
bale. High manuring on the best, and only
the best, acres on the farm is the open se-
• otton growing. <me
great point of merit in cotton as a crop is
; • high man rin ■ a ■ well as,
if not b-ttef, than any summer-growing
ci on The prevailing practice of planting
b.nad tieids of poor land, applying a sack
of guano to tile acre, and harvesting one
bale to three or four acres is downright
t s little money in
. 1 >ne , " 1 ';
ehuul'i b 1 the minimum production aimed
t>i, and the maximum anywhere from one
to three bales. IL J- KLDDING.
1 AKAI AND QUESTION BOX.
Various Subject* on ’Which the Farmers
Ask Inform-.ition.
To J. L. S., Quitman, Miss. —You can get
the seed about win h you inquire of Mark
V. . .h'.hnson Seed Company, Atlanta, aG.
>Ve don’t know the price.
:r. St • ■ alton, T,*., has several
k ; of i is le- would exchange for “Fn
r own” aii'i “Constitution” peas. Burr
clover .s st, tly an animal, coming up ir
-1 . iarly in lir early fall and winter, re
in lining gr. n and growing until May,
id ■ i and dies. It is
i ist plant, but
not for hay.
To J. S., Percilla, Tex.—From the descrip
tion we are not able to diagnose the case,
in m— t cases of lameness the trouble is in
the foot or lower part of the leg, and many
horses are treated for sweeny when there
Is really nothing the matte: with the shoul
der. It would not be amiss, however, to rub
the shrunk! i locality two or three times a
day with a strong liniment, or even blister
To 11. 11. 11-. Harperville, Miss.—There
are so many dieases of the skin that it
is difficult to uetermine which one is affect
ing your i- uie. Trj a wash of one-half
oume sulphide of potassium in two quarts
of water, in which a little castile soap has
been dissolved. Another wash is one-half
ounce oil of tar. two ounces castile soap
and twenty ounces of water. But we are
not at all confident that the above remedy
fils the case. Can't you get an intelligent
Veterinary surgeon to see the mule?
To “Reader,” Crenshaw, Ala.—We have
understood that phosphatic fertilizers do
not seem to yield profitable returns on the
prairie soils of Alabama. It has been sug
gested that these soils need vegetable mat
ter and to be underdrained. Your experi
ment station at Auburr car. probably give
all the information extant on the subject,
with especial reference to that class of
Boils of your state, together with analysis.
The best way to analyze your soil (having
practical results in view) would be to apply
differently compounded fertilizers to the
soil and let it tell you its requirements
when you gather the crop next tali.
To W. S. N., Torpley, Tenn.— We have
no personal experience in the use of land
plaster as a separate application to corn
or other crops. It is highly esteemed as a
top-dressing on young clover, and also on
corn, but since the introduction and general
use of acid phosphate and especially since
the price has been greatly reduced, we
TTTE WEEKT.V CONSTITUTION; ATLANTA, GA., TUESDAY, MARCH 13, 1894.
hear very little of land plaster as a separ
ate fertilizer. This is because acid .phos
phate contains 50 per cent of sulphate of
lime (which is the chemical name of land
plaster) besides the phospMate of lime,
which gives it its chief value.
To G. P. M., Union, Fla.—lt is said that
Burr clover and Bermuda will follow each
other well and make an all-the-year-round
pasture. The Burr clover seed will cost
you from $1.50 to $2.50 per bushel. They do
not come up very well unless sown in July
and - harrowed in lightly. Bisulphite of
carbon is recommended by high authority
as a reliable remedy for weevils in grain.
We wrote an article on it last fall. Any
druggist wiil get it for you.
A. A. G., Cotton Plant, Miss.—What is
the' best early variety of sorghum for
syrup?
Early Amber is generally considered the
best early sorghum.
D. & Co., Adrian, Mich.—Can you -send
us information in regard to price of land,
etc., in your section—such us would be
useful to those intending to emigrate to
the south?
Prices of land in Georgia vary according
to improvements and nearness to city or
town from $5 to S3O and SSO per acre. Good
farms, not very near a town can be had
for $lO per acre.
W. H. G., Trenton, Tex.—Are magnolias
hardy where temperature falls to 10 de
grees below zero, and what culture do you
give them? J wrote to the Westview r lor al
Company for a catalogue, but never got it.
Why?
We do not know certainly, but the mag
nolia (grandifolia) would not thrive in such
a severe climate. Write to 11. \V. Reed,
Waycross, Ga., for catalogue. The mag
nolia requires a rich, sandy loam. Top soil
from a sandy creek bottom would be the
kind to get. Open a pit four or live feet
wide and two feet deep and 1111 it with
fresh soil as the above.
To John S. W., Sardis, Ala.—So far as
we can make out your writing, we answer
your question as follows:
1. na tree posts are considered to be
quite durable.
2. We would consider a forty-year old
pecan tree that has not borne fruit in that
time as a hard case, and not likely to be
induced to bear by pruning and fertilizing.
You say it is growing in a <*ntnp place. This
would indicate that thq sell *s not wanting
in fertility. It is probable that the tree is
naturally barren from some defect in. the
flowers which could be cured only by having
other bearing pecan in the vicinity.
3. Yes, it will greatly promote the dura
bility of any post (especially of well
seasoned, to dip iu into boiling
gastar.
4. Cedar will outlast postoak for posts.
5. See editorial recently about time
for planting corn. We do not know the lat
itude nor elevation of your section.
B. S. S., Annona, Tex.—l have a valuable
horse. About a month ago J rude him very
hard all day and kept him from feed from
morning until midnight, then fed very
heavy with corn and hay. Next morning
he was very sick, getting up and down,
pawing, etc., with a continual discharge
at the bowels, known, 1 suppose, as diar
rhoea. Giving him a month’s rest with
treatment, I rode him Saturday, slowly,
about and returned at night, feeding him
light. Sunday about 3 o'clock he was taken
again with the disease—diarrhoea I sup
pose—with much straining like the flux.
Change the food completely, using but
little, if any, corn. Make up the following
and give as one dose and repeat if neces
sary ufier three or four hours; One ounce
prepared chalk, one ounce ginger, one
drachm opium, one pint of starch gruel.
Give water witii flour stirred in it—about
two qilarts every three or four hours. Be
sure that the food is sound and sweet and
the water pure. Always feed and water as
long as possible before driving him on the
road and cover with a blanket when stand
ing if the weather is the least chilly.
A Subscriber, Bizzell, N. C.—Can yon tell
me how to grow extra large watermelons?
What kind of fertilizers should be used,
what quantity and how should it be applied
so as not to “lire up” the vines? What
will prevent bugs from destroying the
vines?
Give plenty of distance —not closer than
12x12 feet. Plant on light, mellow good soil.
Manure with plenty oi good stable manure
and cotton seed or cotton seed meal, com
posted until thoroughly rotted; or use equal
parts of acid phosphate, cotton seed meal
and kainit, about 300 to 500 pounds per
acre, well forked in and around the hill to
a distance of three or four feet. When the
vines commence to run top-dress with 100
pounds of nitrate of soda, scattering it
around the plants, but not on them, and
working in with plow or cultivator. Plant
seed of a large kind, as Jones’s Jumbo. I.et
not more than two melons set on one vine.
We don’t know any remedy for the bugs.
Plaster and "bone ollwer scattered over the
vines when wet with dew is said to be
Subscriber, Brewton, Ala.—l. I have a
mare about eight years old that gets lame
when ridden, driven or plowed in roots. Some
say the trouble is in the right knee, but 1
think it is in h< r shoulder. After traveling
four or five miles she will begin to limp;
when stopped she wdl place her right foot
out in front of her. When loose she runs
over the field; you could not tell she had
any defect whatever. The party whom 1
purchased her from said he was informed
that she stepped in a hole while running
through the woods. Is it sweeny or a
sura in? There is no sign of swelling. 2.
What is the best remedy for lice on cattle?
Please give treatment for the above.
1. From the description of the symptoms
it is impossible to determine with any cei*
tainty what is the matter, but we suspect
that the lameness is not in the shoulder,
but is the result either of corns in the foot
or sprain of the back tendons. It is more
than probable that it is corns. For this we
have recently given the proper treatment.
2. Kerosene oil made into an emulsion is good
Any kind of grease mixed with sulphur
is a good remedy. The following is per
haps still better: Steep one-half pound of
tobacco leaves (or plug tobacco shredded)
in one gallon of warm water two hours and
wash the animal with it while warm. Os
course you will curry off all that are visi
ble and destroy them.
A Subscriber, Americus, Ga.—l have a
fine mule about seven or eight years old
that is going blind. She commenced to go
blind last fall. She is all right every other
way, is very tat. Civ.i you please give me
a remedy for it? I don’t know the cause of
it. If you know of any remedy for it—to
stop it, please let me know and oblige.
Your description is not very detailed, but
it is altogether probable that it is specitic
ophthalmia, or as it is commonly called,
moon-blindness, if so, it may be recogniz
ed by the fact that there is swelling of all
the parts of the eye and much pa*o and
redness. After a few days all the symp
toms subside, and the eye appears almost
well. But the soreness returns in a few
weeks, or maybe months, and then subsides
again, and so on, but each time leaving the
eye in worse condition. It is utterly in
curable, being an inherited disease; but the
eyes may be preserved for some years by
careful treatment and attention. When an
attack first comes on give a purgative: 5
drachms aloes, 1 drachm ginger, 1 drachm
gentian root and syrup or soap to form a
balm. Follow the purgative with the fol
lowing: 1 drachm of potassium iodide, %
pint of water. Give as one dose three times
a day for two weeks. Feed on bran mash
es, green food, etc. Bathe the eye with
hot water an hour at a time three times a
day. Apply the following eye water to the
eyeball with a camel’s hair brush four or
live times a day: 2 grains smphate of atro
p:a, 1 ounce of water. '
8., Hawkinsville, Ga.—l have acid phos
phate, green cotton seed, kainit and very
rich Takings from fence corners; the Tak
ings composed largely of well rotted vege
table matter. 1 want to use these mate
rials in compost for cotton on poor soil, with
little vegetable matter. Soil is sandy and
will produce a bale to three acres without
manure. Please direct as to composting,
and most likely profitable quantity per acre.
It is immaterial how much of the very
rich Takings from fence corners you may
use, for it is not rich enough to pay for
much handling. As a rule better throw it
out on the adjacent cultivated land. Still,
it is a very good addition to a compost, as
it serves to confine valuable gasses that
might otherwise escape. We would use
about the following proportions for cotton:
Acid phosphate, 500 pounds; green cotton
seed, 750 pounds; kainit, 150 pounds. Mix
these materials with about one ton of the
rotted vegetable matter, or more if plentiful.
Be sure to wet the cotton seed very thor
oughly. Start a bed with die vegetable
matter, then cotton .seed well wetted, then
acid phosphate and kainit mixed, and so on.
Cover the heap with the rotten matter. In
three weeks cut down and thoroughly mix
and reheap. About the only advantage that
you will secure will be the rotting of the
cotton seed. It would be better to sub
stitute 700 pounds of cotton seed meal for
each ton of green seed; mix the meal, acid
and kainit together and distribute in the
furrows, and then the scrapings. If you
want good results put at least half the
amount of the formula given above on each
acre, and when your manure gives out
stop and do not plant the remainder cf the
land. Small amounts of fertilizers per acre
pay the largest per cent profit, but larger
amounts enables one to cut down *he area
in cultivation and reduce the labor and
feed account. /
J. A. P., Pond, Tex.—l have a horse
which has recently become lame in one of
his hind legs. The soreness seems to be
in his hock joint as well as in his ankle.
He has been stiff to a certain extent. Also
around the edge of his hoof is very sore,
and he bears no weight on it whatever.
Some have pronounced it capped hock,
while others say it is foot evil, but no (rem
edies have done any good. Say what you
think of it, and give treatment.
The trouble is probably in the foot, and
your account of the symptoms indicates
what is called quittor, and this was prob
ably caused by a diseased frog or thrush
which was neglected. If taken in time, or
as soon as it breaks open at the lop of the
hoof, poultice the foot for twenty-four
hßurs, to soften the parts. Then exercise
the bottom of the foot and open a vent
there for the matter, if possible; but do not
cut into the foot so as to make It bleed.
If no opening can be easily made at the
bottom, open freely at the top and probe it
to see which way the opening leads, and
how deep. Then follow the probe down
with a knife and open right out and down
the hoof, as far as the hole goes, t;king
out a V-shaped piece of the wall, so as
to allow the matter to escape at the bi ttern.
Scarify the purple flesh, and then wash it
out with warm water and follow with a
wash of 2 drachms blue stone and Th pint
of water. Inject it down well into the
wound twice a day. After three or four
days dilute the wash. If, after a week or
ten days the wound does not appear to be
getting well change the wash to 3 drachms
sulphate of zinc and % pint of water. Be
careful to keep the wound open all the time
down to the bottom. Keep the shoe off un
til well enough to work and then put on a
bar shoe.
I). O. D., Luther, Tex., will plant two
acres of sandy kind in watermelons and
cantaloupes. He wants to know:
1. When to plant.
2. What kind of seed.
3. What distance to give.
4. What manure and how much. He says
his land will make three-quarters of a bale
of cotton per acre, or forty bushels of
corn. Ho also wishes to know:
5. How niany bushels of seed fifteen acres
of second year’s prairie land will make
and the best time to sow it; the land equal
to fifty or sixty bushels of corn per acre,
or three-quarters of a bale of cotton. We
answer as best we know:
1. Plant middle of March. Plant the
same hills every ten days until you get a
stand and danger of frost is over.
2. You do not say, but we presume you
will plant for market. If a near market,
plant Jones’s Jumbo watermelon; if to
ship, plant Kolb Gems, or Georgia Rattle
snake.
3. Plant 12x12, and leave one plant to
each hili.
4. Use 100 pounds acid phosphate. 100
pounds cotton seel meal and 100 pounds of
kainit per acre. Os cantaloupes, plan ev
eral varieties, nutmeg, Hackensack; tc.
Hills 5x4.
5. We presume German millet is meant.
We don’t know, but suppose fifty bushels.
Sow from April to June.
O. C., Garlandsville, Ga.—l have a mare
five years old that came here from Atlanta
about the 15th of December, with distemper.
She had been lanced in the throat just over
the windpipe and the wound had almost
healed. It soon healed and she appeared all
right for a time, but, after a few days
began to wheeze when going up hill. She
gets worse all the lime. When her head is
held very high her breathing is very diffi
cult. Her throat is enlarged where it was
lanced (or snagged, as some have suggest
ed.) She has been in this condition about
seven weeks and is now totally unfit lor
work.
if you can diagnose the case from my
meager description please do so in the col
umns of The Constitution, and oblige a
subscriber.
It is very probable that your mare has be
come permanently affected with what is
called “roaring,” the result of t-ce-attack
of distemper. Possibly a skillful is ’erinary
surgeon might do something to relieve her.
it is doubtless an affection of the wind
pipe, or a tumor lias formed whi 'i presses
on the windpipe. • 1
W. C. W., Draketown, Ga.—Answer the
following questions if you please:
1. Wil! it injure cotton to sow peas broad
cast at the last plowing, if so can 1 re
place the damage by following with small
grain in the fall?
2. Knowing that deep preparation Is es
sential for the making of the stalk and fur
nishing it will: moisture, and that si allow
cultivation is essential for making the fmit
of corn, at what stage of the plant would
it be best to stop cultivating for the stalk
and go to cultivating for the fruit?
1. It certainly would injure cotton to sow
peas broadcast at the last plowing of the
cotton, but we cannot say how much. We
do not see how you could possibly repair
the damage to the cotton by following the
peas with small grain. We think it a bet
ter practice to sow rye in September (in
the cotton field) to be grazed lightly during
the winter, and turned under in February
for corn; or you may sow oats in the cotton
in October to be harvested next June, and
follow with peas.
2. We would prepare the tanJ thoroughly
before planting, and not plow it deep more
than one time, after cultivation commentes.
If the soil be mellow and easily plowed at
first plowing we would plow shallow from
first to last. There is no real distinction
between “cultivating for the stalk ai d cul
tivating for the fruit.”
E. M. G., Pools. S. C.—l. How would it
pay to use equal parts of ammoniated
guano, acid phosphate and cotton seed meal
on cotton, taking the land as it comes,
good as well as thin land: or would less
meal and more acid be better?
2. What is a complete manure for water
melon, and how much to use, and how best
applied?
2. Also, what kind of seed ‘to make a
large melon for market?
1. Equal parts of ammoniAed guano, acid
phosphate and cotton seed meal, would not
be a properly balanced fc’Jj'.izcr for cotton
on any land. Why use u” r noniated guano
at all if you have cotton y‘ 1 meal and acid
phosphate? Acid phospi 1,300 pounds,
muriate of potash 100 ppbnds and cotton
seed meal COO pounds wot)'?.. k ( > a good for
mula. for cotton. Read out editorial tn The
Weekly Constitution of February sth.
2. Equal quantities of .acid phosphate,
cotton seed meal and kainit will make a
good fertilizer for water melons. Use ac
cording to the quality of the soil, from 300
to 400 pounds per acre, on fair soil. Make a
wide hole and scatter the fertilizer in and
around the hole three feet across, mixirg
it well with the soil. ,
3. Kolb’s Gem 'o enc of the best snipping
melons; also the Augusta Rattls-s tike.
The Jones’s Jimbo is a fine, large t'den
lor nome market, but is not quite so good
a shipper for long hauls.
C. H. D.. Evansvill, Ga.—Please inform
me through your papery whether a spavin
on a horse is curable afl'd a remedy for it.
There are several kinds of spavin, but
bone spavin” is the most common form.
If attended to early lit the case it can be
cured by proper treatnamt. This treatment
w
consists in continuous applications of hot
water poultices. Raise the heels of the foot
about one inch and give absolute rest until
all lameness is gone. But if the second
stage has come on, which is probable in
your case, the hot poultices should be fol
lowed after a few days with a blister —say
% ounce powdered cantharides and 2 ounces
of lard. Mix and rub in well over the spav
in. Also mix this ointment: 2 drachms red
iodide of mercury and 2 ounces of lard. If
the first ointment does not blister well,
mix the two together and rub in well, first
cutting off the hair. After twelve hours
smear fresh lard once a day until the sore
Is healed. Then repeat the blister and so
on, until cured.
No Name, Nowhere.—l. Is there anything
to prevent rust in cotton on sandy land? I
had about three acres ruined last year by
rust. 1 have heard that salt would prevent
it. Is it true?
2. Which is the best, to make a compost,
of cotton seed and stable manure or put
seed and acid in the ground early? I mean
by this, which will be the best fur the land
and make the most cotton?
1. It is a prevailing belief that a liberal
proportion of kainit, or other form of pot
ash, in the fertilizer applied will prevent
rust. We believe high fertilizing with a
complete fertilizer and proper rotation will
prevent it. Light sandy land, or any soil
subject to rust, should not be put in cotton
two years in succession. More than one
third of kainit is common salt, and at sl4
a ton it is about the cheapest form of salt.
We do not believe salt will prevent rust.
2. We are of the opinion that a compost
made three or four weeks before hand would
give the best results. Green cotton seed
plowed into the ground, act very slowly.
To. L. P. P., Henry county, Georgia-
Red clover is the best for hogs, where it
succeeds well. September is the time to
sow it, ten to twelve pounds of seed per
acre; sow on freshly-plowed and harrowed
surface and very lightly brushed in, or not
covered at all. A mixture of ten pounds
of clover seed and two bushels of orchard
grass would be good for your woodland,
provided the undergrowth be removed. On
the swamp land red top grass, one and a
half bushels per acre; orchard, one and a
half bushels, and eight pounds of clover
seed. On old ’and Bermuda will~do better
than anything else for a summer pasture,
and you don’t want much pasture for hogs
in the winter, for you should have none
but sows until February or March. It. is
-now too late to sow clover and grasses.
Better wait until next fall, but sow the
land in cow peas and manure with 200
pounds of acid phosphate and 100 pounds of
kainit per acre. Turn your hogs on the
peas In the latter part of August and sow
the grasses named the last of September
on same land. Or, as your land is good,
plant in corn and peas and then grass; but
peas alone is the best preparation for grass.
G. H. N., Lily, S. C., asks for all the
information we have about the “new forage
plant, lathyrus sylvistric.” In reply we re
gret to say that our personal experience
and obser'.’iitlon do not sustain the claims
that are put. forward for this plant. It Is
claimed that it will grow and thrive on
thin, sandy soil. We have not tried it on
such soil—not having any convenient—but
its behavior on good rod, loamy soil was
such as to discourage its further cultiva
tion. We have not heard of its successful
cultivation in this country so far. It is
admitted by its eulogists that it makes
but slow growth for two or three years,
which is a fault that will prevent its suc
cessful introduction for a long time. We
prefer lucerne or vetches or cow peas.
W. O. 8., Hampton, Miss., wishes to
know if the husks of amber sorghum kill
hogs that may be fed on the seed. We
think not. We have fed many acres of it
to hogs without the slightest injury. The
mere fact that the husks are indigestible
would not cause them to be injurious. A
large part of all coarse foods is utterly
ndigestible, but none the less wholesome
and harmless.
T. V. G., Denton, Tex.—l have a black,
sandy land farm that lias been run in wheat
for the last four years and now I want to
run it in cotton.
1. I want to know if I could make as
much by ehe -king my cotton as by drilling,
and what would be the proper distance to
check so as I could use a cultivator. My
reason for checking is to manure as I have
plenty o’s good stable manure and 1 can cul
tivate more land.
1. It depends entirely on the natural or
induced (by manure) productiveness of the
soil. In Georgia land that will make one
bale of cotton per acre should have about
six square feet ol’ surface to each stalk, or
say 4xl'j feet, or 3x2. In either ease plow
ing both ways would be impracticable. If
you will raise the productive power of the
soil to I’/i bales per acre you might plant it
3x3; but this would involve too much labor
in planting and cultivation. If your land
will make 2 bales per acre, you may have
the plants 4x3, or even 1x3! 2- We are not
familiar, however, with Texas soils. You
say your reason for cheeking “is to manure,
ns I have plenty of good stable manure,
and can cultivate more land.” We don’t
see the point. Do you mean that you can
manure more land by planting in the hills,
or ‘'checking” it? We don’t see how you
can manure more land except by applying
less manure to the acre.
C. C. H., Thornton, Tex.—l. What will
take a wart off a mule’s back?
2. What is good for barbed wire cut on
horse?
3. Flease give rule for making rafter level,
length of each arm ami width at bottom
so as to give one inch fall in sixteen feet.
1. If you can get at it to do so. tie a
small strong cord around it, and tighten it
a little every day until the wart comes off.
If you cannot do that, shave it off with a
sharp knife and burn the surface with a
few drops of nitric acid, or a little pul
verized blue stone. Or you may burn it
with a iron, just hot enough to show a
faint red.
2. Wash clean and dress the wound three
or four times a day with a solution of %
ounce caroolic acid in 1 pint of water.
3. Make both legs same length, and 12
feet apart at bottom. Set the frame on a
floor or piece of lumber that it perfectly
level. Mark where the plummet line crosses
the horizontal bar. Now raise one foot of
the level % of an inch, mark ’he plummet
line as before. Reverse the level and mark
again. This will give 1 inch In 16 feet.
A. J. R., Stanfordville, Ga.—l have five
acres of land that will make 1.000 pounds of
seed cotton per acre with fertilizer. I want
to put the live acres in corn. Mow much
acid and meal can I use successfully to
make it pay me? The land has a good elay
soil. Wil) ten or twelve bushels of green
c t ton seed and ’.09 pounds of acid per acre
make a pretty fair fertilizer for cotton? I
have 300 bushels I want to put on eighteen
acres of land that will make 500 pounds
of seed cotton per acre without any fertil
izer
We do not approve very high fertilizing
of corn with concentrated fertilizers. Two
hundred pounds of acid and 150 pounds of
meal would be as much as you would prob
ably find to be profitable. Cotton will bear
higher fertilizing. One hundred pounds of
acid and ten or twelve bushels of cotton
seed would be rather light manuring for
cotton; 250 of acid and twelve bushels of
seed would be a better proportion and more
.iberal quantity. Thirty pounds of meal
is equivalent to three bushels of cotton
seed.
J W. L., Orange, Ga.—l. Will land culti
vated the second year make peas? I have
been told by some that it would make good
vines, but ho peas.
2 Can pine straw be prepared for ma
nure and used this spring to any profit?
If so, please state how to prepare it.
Success to The Constitution.
1. Yes, especially a kind that Is not in
clined to vine much.
2. We think not, but the best way is to
litter lot and stalls with it until it becomes
saturated; then pile in large heaps while
wet, and let it heat. The time is too short
now.
To. J. H. V., Macopin, Ga.—You can get
seed of artichokes of Mark W. Johnson
Seed Company, Atlanta, at $2.50 per bushel.
A sandy loam is best for this crop, and the
richer the better, but II will succeed on
even a thin soil. Prepare the land by
ing deeply and harrowing. Open rows three
feet apart as for corn, drop two pieces of
artichoke every three feet, or one s
whole one, and cover as you would corn.
Keep clean of grass and weeds, and tur
hogs on them in the fall or winter. Bnouitn
will be lelt in the ground to bring a Koo
stand next spring, ana very little cultiva
tion will be required. Artichokes a
about equal to Irish potatoes for fatten! g
purposes. Three bushels of tubers wm
plant an acre. Peanuts are far more va ' u '
able for fattening than artichokes,
for bushel, counting the peanuts as huliea,
but an acre of ground would probably make
as much pork if planted in artichokes as
if in peanuts.
F. C. W., Cleveland, Miss.—What hay pea
would you advise farmers to plant tn or de*
to harvest two crops? Will
and. make second crop, or will they have to
be replanted? Where will I be able to se
cure them for seed?
We do not know any pea that will make
two full crops of hay in the same season.
The second growth from the old stubble
rarely amounts to much. We have f°nnn
the common speckled or “whippoorwill
pea the best for earliness, and at the same
time productiveness. This may be planted
the middle of April and if cut when in
full bloom it will be too late to resow, and
the second crop, as already stated, will
not amount to much. It would be better
to fertilize well, using, say, 200 pounds of
acid phosphate and 100 pounds of ka.nit per
acre, and one and a half bushels of peas,
and aim at making one good crop.
W. T. J., Cross Anchor, S. C.—l have a
colt ten months old and for three months
past it has been affiicted in a peculiar way.
It stands with its feet stretched as rar
apart as it can get them, and it keeps its
upper lip turned up a good part of the
time. Now, 1 want you to give me the dis
ease and remedy.
The colt is wormy. Give the animal, as
one dose, one-quarter drachm of copperas,
one-quarter drachm of tartar emetic, one
half drachm ol’ linseed meal. Mix. Repeat
the dose morning and night for a week.
Then give a purge of one-quarter ounce
spirits of turpentine, one- quarter pint of
raw linseed oil, as one dose. After three
weeks repeat the entire treatment.
J. H. K„ Ruffin, N. C.—l have a horse
seven years old. I traded for him more
than twelve months ago. He was discharg
ing at the nose when I got him. 1 thought
he had distemper, but was mistaken. Ihe
discharge is thick, white mattry from both
nostril.:. It varies in quantity some days,
but very little. The glands under and be
tween the bones of the lower jaw are en
larged. He has a poor appetite and is very
dull Please name the disease and give
treatment.
We cannot diagnose the case, but would
suggest the possibility that it Is a case
of chronic glanders, an attack of which
may not prove fatal for months and even
years, yet be liable to communicate to other
animals. Better have a competent veteri
nary surgeon to examine the case.
To J. li. S., Polk, Ala.—We are not at all
certain about your mule, but it is probable
that her back has been sprained in some
way. Press the thumb along the spine,
inch by inch, and see if there be a tender
spot, if such be found, then throw your
weight suddenly on that spot and she will
evince pain. The treatment consists tn
shearing off the hair along that part of the
back and blistering by rubbing in well one
half ounce cantharides and two ounces of
lard; grease the blister once a day.
Repeat the blister if necessary after
two weeks. Give a long rest on pasture.
“Subscriber,” Center Point, Miss.—The
above reply will suit your case also.
R. A. St. J., Cottonwood, Tex.—ls a na
tional bank note for SIOO is burned up, who
profits thereby, the banker or the United
States treasury? 2. Will it destroy alt’alta
clover to plow it? 3. Where it is too thin
on the ground, how would you manage it.
4. What is the best brand of garden hose.
I. The bank. 2. No. unless you plow it
up. 3. Keep it clear of grass and weeds
all summer, and sow it broadcast in fresh
seed in September. The better way, how
ever, would be to start a new patch.
4. Don’t know.
J. E. J., Plains, Ga.—Wo suggest that
you soak some corn in strychnine and
scatter it along in the furrows with your
seed corn, to destroy the field mice. We
have never tried it, however. Your plan
of handling pork is sound enough. Possi
bly you do not use salt enough. Unjointed
meat is not desirable, but it is a safer
method. You may also (possibly) overheat
your pork when smoking It. It should be
hung high up, and but a small lire kept
under it.
To S. 8., Grant, Fla.—We know no rem
edy for ‘‘clubroot in tomatoes, beans, etc.”
For beans apply 300 pounds acid phosphate,
300 pounds kainit and 100 pounds cotton seed
meal. For tomatoes, 150 pounds of acid
phosprate, 100 pounds cf kainit and 50
pounds of nitrate of soda. We would pre
fer to let the grass grow and make into
hay. Better still, plant in cow peas and
make the vines into hay.
W. F. P., Petty, Tex.—Beets would not
be a good food for young hogs; that is,
they would not thrive on beets alone.
(Com m u nicated.
I’ii‘lcllng I’ot k.
I notice some complaint in lower Georgia
of the weather being too warm to kill hogs
and save the meat. Here is an unfailing
recipe for putting up pork or beef, even in
hot weather: Kill and let the meat hang
for three hours to drip; then cut up in
a.bout three-pound pieces and put into a
barrel of cold waler, rain or ;roestone pre
ferred; let stay six hours, then lay it out
to drip; then take twelve pounds of salt
and twelve pounds of sugar and one ounce
of saltpeter and mix it thoroughly. Tais is
enough for 100 pounds of meat. Cut the
meat well and pack down in a barrel,
closely tilling spaces with the mixture; put
a weight on and let it aloiic. Brine will
form to cover it. It needs nothing more.
Will keep sure and sweet. The soaking
takes out the blood which coats the meat
and it absorbs enough moisture to make
the brine. This is simple and easy, and if
followed carefully in every detail is sure to
keep the meat sound and sweet. There is
no need of touching it, save to take out as
you wish to eat. One ounce of ground red
pepper to 10t> pounds of meat adds to its
flavor. JOHN D. GREEN.
Boundless In Smmc.
Little Rock, Ark., March B.—Boundless,
the four-year-old, which won the American
derby at Chicago last year, worth $50,000,
pulls up lame in a right fore tendon today
after going over the Little Rock Jockey
Club’s track this morning. Boundless had
just been ridden a mile in l:4sc, and it
was after this run that the lameness was
discovered.
,v? is e-
< Liniment
FOR HOUSEHOLD USE,
could not have survived for
over eighty years except for the
FACT that it possesses very
much more than ordinary merit.
For INTERNAL as much as EXTERNAL use.
Is Soothing, Heating, Penetrating. Once used always
wanted ; and dealers say "Can’t sell any otly r kind.”
Should have Johnson’s
Every Moth e r
Sore Throat, Tonsilitis, Colic, Cuts. Bruises and Burns.
Stops I’ain. Cramps Indammation in Body or Limb.
Cures Coughs, Asthma, Catarrh. Bronchitis, Cholera
Morbus. For Muscular Rheumatism. Lame Baek. Stiff
Joints. Strains, best remedy made. Inhale for >itrvou3
Headache, lull particulars sent free. Sold every where
I‘rice, 3.» cents. Six. 3200. If you can’t get it send to us.
I S. JOHNSON .V Co.. House ;M. t 80-ton. Mass.
WSWC
hf pills.
p Make How Rich BlooltQgF
“ Best Li verPill Made”
Pciitivclv cure BILIOVSNESS and SICK HEADACHE.
1. . r mid Bowel I’oniplaintß. They expel all impurities
fr.- ’i Civ blood. Delicate v.-omen (Ind great beiielil frout
lining :li-m. Price-'bets, five 81.W'. Full part lenlar:: free.
1. S. JOHNSON A CO., 23 Custom House St., Boston. Mass.
Can’t Let Go |
the De Long 3
Hook & B
Richardson &
De Long Bros. p/Jj
Philadelphia.
See that ' \\
i hump?w
L. Trade-Mark Beg., April 13-91.
Mention The_Constitution.
/ferry’si
V SEEDS J
Are just what every
sower needs. The na r- ss 'g’
its of I ’eSwells
form ti.e foundation up
on winch has been built the a&jw
largest seed business in the world. NjaA
Ferry’s Seed Anneal tor 1894
few contains tbe sum and .substance of
the latest farming knowledge. Free
for the asking.
D - M - ferry & co.,
Detroit, Mich.
Mention The Constitution.
Bbw '‘m
sell all muk s and styles, trom cheap
en $7.95 to be<.t Arlington K;nz,
$17.50. w e take all risks, pay freight,
ip anyv.liereon 30 days free trial m
use if unsatisfactory. All attachment*
'r. WoaLD’n Fair Medals Awarded. Over
),000now in use. Buy direct from factory.
Sive agents large profits. noani m-si i. hiD free. ’Aril#
nt on.’.’. A.Lir. ‘ full) CASH BUYEPS’ UNION,
158-164 W. Vanßuren St., Dept.B 63, Chicago, 111.
Mention The Constitution.
.nSR KN. y™ e*" r’ w W Send us your full
ruE.fe.4 uuiuo «i
--dg|ES\Srr/C 411 dress : nd v.e wiil send )ou 100
FkvY.’WK o).'(I Bav,na Perfectos Kkcent cigars
(retail value S 10) for $>7.75. In
order to introduce our cigars, we
Will send you tree an <•!«•;:rant
: ricblv jeweled Elgin style liunt-
in;- ease(2o y.-ar- guarantee) 14K
E e ‘•''LA gold-filied watch, srem-wiii i and
set (retail value FB). Tbell'o< i
gars an i watch <*ost only 57.75
c.0.1t. Full examination allow ' d
orkrSnrw' before you pnv. Size ladies'
watch,2 indhes; gents’, 3 inches. Address- Dep’r.
Klversido Cigar Co., 173 Greenwich St., N.Y.
Mention lue Constitution. __
“ir<ra""7 tori.'v cl’e Lrt i'tVt-’t ■I ul
K ol.l [.Me •linin sod charm «<m»
free w ith every watch.writeto-day.
Mention The Constitution.
Mention The Constitution.
Ing Hi-, iiuili ■>*’ Golden .’Spse’.fie. It can ue
given without the knowledge of the patient, if
SS-.'kt’ i F.W <■<».. Ft.iee Ai.. « nctniiaU, ®.
Onljr Csfrc. of MnUta„airS,
Mention The Constitution.
Will W Hill Yll Olli?»
W” utter you the Sul- Agene" lor an article
that: is VVanted in Every Home and Indis
peneible in Evorv < >ffice, something that SI LES
AT >IGHT. Other articles sc i rapidly at
Double the (’rice, tUO'igli not answei:np the
inmiose half so well. You can make frota
#SOO to S7PO in tin'.'■: months, introdneing it,
after which it will bring a A Steady. Liberal
Income. ' ’ ■
well as men m ;owu or . ..i : : ry- »s<«n’: 'lissthi*
Chance. Write it onct to J. '.v. J ■ u
ag<- •, fjx-ingtietd. Mention this paper.
Mention The Constitution.
eER OFCENTURT OLD.
STRONG i'irAi -.i'.'i'. t - ■■ - ’ ■ ’
No Ituat nor Rattle. A ppli"d by Patent method.
4 Durable Suhrtilittr or Pla-'v ' < ‘ '■ alii.
M ater Proof ‘-lire:! nos ; ■ mad r ai, i.ie
best and cheapest intho market. W ; or* ■ ::n-lr::,. c.
The Fi t HASILLA libOl iNG < di,!..
Meut.un i ...:.
| A GREAT OPPORTUNITY ?
■ Mr. H. A. Payne, of Tallassee, Ala., ®
O reports 106 orders taken lor
rt “CHAHACTEK SKETCHES” A
V in six days. V
rt Mr. C. 11. Robinson reports forty- A
T two in th r ee days at Auburn.
A Air. W. C. Kitchens reports sev- A
Y enty-four calls and sixty-four o-tlers 0
S.i Lak n in \V .ishiiigion county. ’I -xas. A.
V VV. C. Taylor, ol i- i. <’ ty, re- 0
ft ports seven calls in lour hours and A
V seven orders taken. “
St If you are not making us much as
V w can give you a /
A great oiiportuuity to do so. it will a
V .nl, cost ou 2 < uts to write us. f
! I : ::"!’LI:N Pl’B. i
▼ 153 anti 15-1 N. Spruce Street,
A Nashville, Tenn. A
Mention The Constitution.
BH AWLjS U FREE
X ■ ■■' S ■:
'kxX'>‘s rest to manuKeture, and
•'\\\ x X po'i'oso r ui ve them
s r'.ls u., •j.-j'e'ents p’>r
alkW/jW K . l “x 015 I' 11 ? 3 h ' •.»■■ii.ely
‘i .\\i’Vf>/\ /zpO illiisirateii st >:ynud family
wldo reputation, we v. ; .l send ono shawl ab dutely j’KSvi-.’,
Bemetnber t htMo are no cunditions, <»ur offer is fair .-/.aie
ami ab«"lnte. Every person who cirstl.ia ad .out and returns
to r - w in U,*> cbiilh for our i ..( er one year gets a tLawl
I'IXShS:. U ’on want one set •! notv. Address,
SZOfMEKX STOHIKm, S7 Wnrreu Su, fiew York
Al HUoll 1 lie A «>«. -, : . i. ...u .
AGENTS
EA TC HOP PS D Nl3 ( Sl. AW v OU TTE R.
fJr nAj'.be' '.lHirereil.'
Md SOO Chamber. Slreut. .Ww York CiU. ®
Mention Ths Constitution. )
Retains Ruptu -’" <
• a ■ >. -
gers; you know how that is' -the Huais-m Hand
Tj-usb. Descriptive circulars free. Addi i’<s
H. S. Pearson <fc Co., Box st) A. Kansas City.Ma
Mention The Constitution.