Newspaper Page Text
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FARMS AND FARMERS.
SHORT TALKS WITH THE MEN WHO
G I IDE THE PLO .1.
Many Ouefttions About the Farm Answered
by the Agricultural Editor of The
Weekly Constitution.
Pleaf»e look ahead and send in inquiries
•arly—ordinarily an answer may not he ex
pected under three weeks. Never request
an answer by mail; the editor inis no time
to r-pare for writing private letters.
Never ask where an article can be bad or
the price. Editors have no better sources
of informatior about these than other peo
pie. The editor has nothing for sale ana i.
not interested in anything advertised in
the paper.
Oiiotion* of anv <’* carter concerning
farm will be cheerfully aiiawered by tne
editor of this department. Inquirer* m
please make their qnestions clear and f<> ...
point. The editor of this department will
give all questions close research and w 111
give the reader* of The <’on*titntion
benefit of any information that can bo
tained on all question* propounded.
Addreth communication* far tli l * ucp
pient to THE CONSTITUTION,
ft Hrm and F»rmfr»' I>et»t-> Atlanta.
Stirring the Soil.
In our last week's article on “First Plow
ing of Corn.” the object was to impress
the importance of getting the soil into such
condition that the subsequent cultivation
might be accomplished with the greater
case and rapidity. This condition should
be secured by the preparation or the sod
previous to planting, by tw ice plowing and
repeated harrowings, as often as may be
fceeessary. But the southern farmer has
not yet learned to appreciate the import- ,
Cine of this thoroughness of previous prep
eration, and has relied on continuing the
work at the “first plowing,” which should ;
have been done before planting. The v erv
prevalent idea in regard to the object of |
cultivation is, first, to kill the grass, and, >
■e. mid, to open the soil so that the roots |
can easily penetrate and 1111 the soil in their ■
■earch tor food. But these are not the only
pbj-cts of breaking and stirring tr.e soil,
tl. indeed, they are the principal ones. We
believe that the main result of the opening
»ud thorough disintegration of the soil is
that the atmospheric, air is thereby enabled
to penetrate freely through every portion
of the plant bed. The air not only eon
tains plant food which it carries direct to .
the roots, if permitted free access, but it
facilitates very important chemi* al ■•hanges |
In the plant food contents of the soil al
ready or previously present, whereby such
Coo l is brought into a soluble or available
form.
It is not necessary to discuss 'he exact
nature of these changes, even if they v ere
exactly known, and the practical farmer
needs not to know what they are. It is
only necessary that he understand that
these chemical changes cannot proceed
p is k< pt in an open
and pulverulent condition—something like
a line-grained sponge. In other words, the
.oil should be kept broken up and its par
ticles disturbed so that its pores will be
open to the free circulation of air. The ef
fect of every heavy rainfall, and of lighter
ra ns, in a It ss degree, is to settle the par- |
tlcles of soil together in such manner as to :
close up these pores, or pack the soil, or I
■ as farnws express, it. By
Bt hTing the soil with a cultivator or sweep,
<->:• whatever implement, these particles
that have been “run together” are again
separated. Another important result *>t
stirring the soil is that the moisture will
not evaporate so rapidly. Any farmer can
prove to ins own satisfaction that the soil
■will lose its moisture much more rapidly
if left undisturbed after a good rainfall
than it will if the surface be stirred with
* very few days after the rain.
So, then, it is tin det-stood that frequent
stirrings of the surface soil are necessary.
Ind ed, these frequent stirrings amount to
cultivation. Grass killing ami hilling up, ■
or "dirting” the plants, a* not essentials,
but simply in< (denials. The kind of tool i
to be us.-! must be determined by the ease i
and ra; ny With which it will do the work. ,
Depth ol working is not desirable, not tie- I
cause it would be particularly harmful, it
not too close, but b ■ •.•nuse it is too expen
sive. YVii.it is needed is u cultivator or
harrow, or my implement, regardless of
name, ihat will disintegrate the soil, or
break th" crust, to a depth of not exceed
ing one iueh, and that will do the largest
area in a day. One mule and hand, with
the pi r implement, ought to go over six
to eight acres per day with ease. If the
ground is in proper condition, twice to a
middle, or one round trip, is as much as '
will be required by corn or cotton rows i
from four t> s-x feet wide. Indeed, with
rows not over four feet in width we would i
very rarely put more than one "furrow. i
at a time, especially when the sole object 1
Is io stir ’.he sm lace soil. A big strong i
man, a big. strong mule and a sixteen-inch j
•weep or scrape going twice to a three-foot i
row is a great waste of labor—no, not la- |
boi, but time ami travel. There are sev
eral cultiva ors and < lit ivat ing harrows.
We have not tried many of them, but have
found the Plaint, Jr . an excellent and
very durable implement. It will stir the
surface of a four-loot row at one going, or
k six-loot row at a round trip. It gives the
mule something to do besides mere walking
along. Th- are others probably just as
good. So far from tieing too poor to buy
i i h tl- i the blast of farmers are too poor
to do without them. Only the well-to-do or !
Ji h farm.: <an afford to throw away Siu i
worth of tiiii' wages and feed to save $5
uifferc;:’ ■ L’tw.-n the • -<>-t of a poor, cheap
tool and a good, efficient implement.
K. J. REDDING.
rAI!M AMI QltSI ION BOX.
Various subjects on Which the Farmer*
A*k Information.
T. M. 12, tin- :ivii:-, Ga., du-' no t give ■
his name. The rule must be observed.
V\ .1 . G>..ve l.ev-1, Ga I have a. mule |
Cold .-weals, . ns li'eotne w<t with sweat. '
I’le. if tel! me What ,s the matter with |
i. itn airl v. i.at 1 -haII do lor him.
lour mule is plot ably threatened with I
►a ■ lie ni. which tli sweating |
Is a pn ■i .’.ii; on. Mix a. powd. r of two I
cjnco.s ■ "ot" two oune. s cinchona i
bark. I>.-. :■ tw-ive j>owd<rs and give ,
one eight and morning in the feed. If you
can get i.m<on weed seed give one table- [
■pOotiful per day in his feed.
T A- I . Xlorris, S. c. I want to plant |
■ me w tt trmel n s for market and have a I
J
* . tic tert izer, t'„- pt r cent goods, I
Allan' noi l and German kainit. the ka.nit
i . . ug. per < ent of potash. Please
t 1 me what yi : think would be the best
■».a; to mannie the melons and how much
I. ' Jill t t 1 .11- i ct’e.
1 ' l'«> pounds Atlantic fertilizer add lUO
J. each of kaiilit and cotton seed
no il for one a ie. I'.tvak up the land close
B el dtep; check off 12x12 and open out
I s three feet across; till in with top I
pcl well mixed with one pound of the
teriilizer.
acres
•f land 1 want to plant in tomatoes for
caniii . tl’ :.., What kind of fertilizer
and w- mill'll must I use per acre? Gand
tin tn • n in i nltivation altoiit four years
Bild w ill make half a bale of cotton without
fertilh r< Will it paj to raise
tot ” • per bushel? What
v uld b considered a fair yield?
For tomatoes make a mixture of 100
pounds of acid phosphate, fifty pounds of
kainit and ls») pounds of cottonseed meal
for an a re. Tomatoes at 25 cents per
b i-hel w ill pay v. rx well if not 100 far to
haul; to bushels is a. fair yield per
acre.
E. A. P . Ellaville. Ala. I have a horse
twelve > >■ old that is very lame-in his
left foreleg. The leg is badly swollen from
the knee joint to the hoof. 1 lanced it and
it run a w oiub rtul amount of yellow water,
v. filch is thick and ropy has also run some
corruption and continues to get worse.
Please give a remedy and the name of the
disease.
From the description of the as
riven we cannot say with confidence what
the disease may be, but it seems to be the
begining of a ease of purpura hemorrhagica,
which is generally 1 a sequel to an attack of
Influenza, or epizootic. It may, however, be
only a case oPelepha-ntrasis Try fermenting
THE WEEKLY CONSTITUTION; ATLANTA, GA., MONDAY. APRIL 23, 1894.
witli vinegar and water, equal parts, to
which add two ounces of saltpeter for each
gallon. Apply every ten or fifteen minutes
for six or eight hours and then dry the leg
with a woolen cloth and bath It with cam
phorated soap liniment. Give internally half
once doses of saltpeter in 'the drinking
water every six hours, bran mashes and
complete rest.
X. Y. Z., Blackville, Ga.—Your neigh
bor's horse evidently is troubled with
worms. Give, as one dose, repeating it
morning amt night for one week, the fol
lowing: One drachm copperas. 1 drachm
of tartar emetic, 2 drachms linseed meal.
Atfer giving two doses a day for one
week, then give the following purge as one
dose: One ounce spirits of turpentine, 1
pint of raw linseed oil. After three weeks,
repeat the entire treatment, to catch the
young' worms hatched, from nits, or eggs,
left in the bowels.
I C. Al. H., Berry, Ala., wishes a treatment
I for sweeny.
I First be certain that it is a case of
! sweeny and not what is called shoulder
lameness. The latter is located at the
point of the shoulder, or joint, and is ac
companied with soreness. The best treat
ment for sweeny is to blister with flies —one-
half ounce powdered cantharides and two
ounces of lard. Mix and rub in well over
the shrunken muscles. Repeat the blister
ing every two weeks for two or three
months.. Det the animal run in pasture, as
moderate exercise is better than absolute
rest. There is no quick cure for sweeny;
time and rest from work being essential.
A. W. V., Masheine, Tex., has a vow
that “stumpsucks like a horse,” and wants
to know the cau»e and a remedy. Eats
hearty of cotton seed and oat straw. Vt e
never heard ot a case of cribbing, or
I stumpsucking, in a cow. It is probably
due to some form of indigestion. Change
j her food entirely, feeding on bran, scalded
I oats, green food, corn meal. Reave olt the
| cotton seed entirely. Give the following as
: one dose morning- ami night: Three drachms
I cooking soda, 2 drachms gentian, 2 drachms
: ot ginger. Coniine her in a roomy stall,
so that she cannot reach the manger or
ar.y other object, and teed her on the
floor.
Subscriber, Fsarterville, S. C.- Will equal
parts of kamit, acid and cotton seed meal
at the fate of 175 or 200 pounds to the acre,
put in with the cotton seed, injure a stand I
I of cotton. If so, how should I apply the
i fertilizer to secure t stand; land sandy.
We advise you not to put cotton seed
I meal in the furrow witli the planting seed,
; and we would not like to risk kainit in the
same way. Suppose you open a furro*
along the bed a little to one side of the
middle line, in which you may distribute
the fertilizer. Then open the planting fur
row. at the same time covering the fertiliz
er. We will add that one-third kainit is
too much. One-sixth would be plenty, one- ,
third kainit would give more potash than I
there would be nitrogen in the cotton meal, i
C. G. T, Cabool, Mo.—l. Please inform
me some good way to raise sweet potatoes. :
2. How would be the best way to keep them
through the winter season. 3. We have
oats sowed which had come up just before
the cold wave that swept over the greater j
part ot Missouri. They were frozen to the
ground and look bad, will they come out
again? Please answer as soon as juu can
I and oblige.
i 1. Sweet potatoes are very easy to raise.
The seed shoud be bedded in the usual way
about corn-planting time. Prepare the land
—a sandy loam is best—by thorough plow
ing. Throw up flat beds four feet apart.
Plant a slip every one and a half to two
feet. Cultivate clean and leave the beds
rather flat than otherwise. 2. We will dis
cuss the keeping later. 3. Why ask such a
question, when you will know from per
sonal observation long before this answer
will reach you. Besides, the recovery of
the oats will depend on how badly they i
were frozen, and this we do not know.
T. F. S., Pelican. La.—Will you answer
through The Constitution what will kill lice
on hogs or pigs without injuring the ani- ,
I mal? Some say coal oil will kill the lice, ,
■ but have tried it and failed. I have never
i noticed any remedy git n in. your ur.-
sw> rs to questions. (
We have found <-rude petroleum a good
I remedy when properly used. Wash each
hog with soft soap and water and when
dry sponge all over with crude petroleum
and give dally for some days one driv hm of
copperas in the food. 1!' any li -e remain,
apply an ointment of Scotch snuff and lard
to the blistered parts. Burn all old bedding
and change their quarters.
F. C. W., Cleveland, Mis.- -My neigh
bors art- .'osnig their hogs, mil we
do not think it the cholera, as they
s<-.m to suffer something lik>- a. horse with
distemper, or some lung atfeetoin; they
I also seem to be chilly all the while, and
tiny suffer from some skin malaily. as tin y
! break out all over, and seem to be stilt all |
! the time; will eat a little; are drowsy.
‘ We would say that the lu gs have a term
I of cholera called “ pneunion-enteritis” -zr i
I "purples.” This form is not very conta- I
gious, ye<t it is always b< U to eparate thf .
! well from the sick and use disinfectants, i
Give to the sick ones at once each two |
ounces of castor oil, and when it operates |
give tin' following two or tin..- times a day '
to each: Twenty grains nitrate of soda. 2U I
grains of saltpetre, mixed in a little gruel- !
H the bowels are swol'-m and tender give I
to each 20 drops of turpentine in a little |
gruel, us may be needed, and lot them have
powdered charcoal in the drinking waii r.
Another good remedy is the follow ing, to be
given three times a day, omitting the <-;uo-
' ~nel after the third dose- r, grains ot ealo
; tnel, 1 drachm saltpeter, 15 grains powdered
camphor. For The hogs not yet alteet'd
giro the following. It will be sufficient lor
100 hogs, the dose being one pint to ea. h
grown hog: 2 pounds each ot Hour of
; sulphur, copperas and madder, pound
I black antimony, '2 pound of saltpeter and
I two ounces of arsenic. Mix the whole in
; 12 gallons of gruel for I'JV swine and give j
i pne pint doses to each.
N. A. E.. Demopolis, Ala. Referring to I
' yoi.r answer to J. B. 1... Senoia, Ga.. in ,
i vour issue of March 27th, I have a horse
' which 1 think has "eb-phant leg;" he is a
good horse and in good condition; has good
i appetite; slietli di es not swell; the leg only (
gw. Ils from the hip .iiwn; the leg does not
I swell much when h-- is at work; swells very i
I much more when not at work; he is about •
1 eight years old. Please give m- the proper ;
i treatment for him.
You do not state whether the horse suf- i
i fers any pain. Elephantiaris, or “elephant 1
leg,” is quite pupintul. There is another
similar ailment (in appearance) called
I “stocking," in which there is no other symp
i tom but swelling of the legs, usually con
| lined in the parts below the knees and
1 hocks, but in bad eases extending above.
Stocking is due to weakness and impov
erished condition of the blood, and is in
duced by standing still. The swelling sub- i
sides when the animal is put to work, and
returns after standing some time in the
stable. Give the following tonic, one powder |
night and morning, in his feed One and :
one-half ounces pure copperas, two ounces
of pure saltpeter. Powder and mix and
divide into twelve powders. Shower the legs
with cold water in warm weather. When
coining in from exercise, or work, bandage
the.leg (as far as possible) tight with cot
ton bandages. Jtemove the bandages when
going out to work and give the leg a good
hand rubbing.
R. 1). W., Woods, Tex.—Will you please
tell me iii your paper in the Farm and
Farin‘ts’ department in making h.ll-side
ditches how much fall I ought to give to
the rod and how to make a compass. I
want to take two pieces of plank ten feet
long, three-quarters of an inch thick and
three inches wide for the upright pieces,
with cross bar in the center, and then use
a plum string, but J don't know how to
make it to get it right. Will you please
fell me how to make it so us my ditches
will carry off the water without too much
fall. Ought the line mark on the cross
piece be in the center? Please answer in
; tbe Farm and Farmers’ department at
I your earliest convenience.
Make your rafter pieces ten feet long;
fasten together at the top with screws or
wire nails so that the feet will be twelve
feet apart from center to center; fasten the
cross bar on so that it will be about four
feet high from the ground and attach the
line and plumb bob. Now select a smooth
floor, set up the frame and mark on the
cross bar where the string crosses with a
pencil; then reverse the frame, placing tbe
reversed feet just at the same marks on (he
floor and mark the string as before; then
make a permanent mark on the cross bar
exactly in the’ middle between the two
string- marks, and this last mark will be
the one that will indicate when the frame
is level. But a block under the foot that is
the lowest until the plummet line comes to
the middle mark. Now add half-inch blocks,
one at a time, under one foot and mark the
string until three or four marks are rtftide;
then do the same witli the other foot. The
level is now complete and ready for use
and you will not need to be told how to use
it. One to one and a half inches to each
span of the level will give a good grade.
Place one foot at the starting point, move
the other foot until the plummet line has the
fall you wish to give; if one and u half
inches to twelve feet then let the string
be opposite to the third half-inch mark on
the down grade side of the level.
W. D. T.. Fenton, Ala.—l have a colt
(wo years that is a stump sucker. (Jan
you give any remedy to break him of it. I
1 have tried a collar around his neck, but I
as soon 1 take it off he will lay hold of a
rail or something else and go to sucking.
“Stumpsucking," or more correctly crib
bing, is a vice, or bad habit, and not a
disease, and is generally believed to be as
sociated with illness. There are many de
vices in vogue for the cure of cribbing, such
as a piece of buffalo robe, or a strip of iron
nailed in the edge of the manger, or red
pepper smeared on the latter. But after
all, the most effectual plan is to tie the
animal in a wide stall with a line from
each side so as to prevent him from reach
ing any object, ami feed him on the floor.
Give internally the following: Two ounces
common baking soda, one ounce gentian
root, powdered,, two ounces linseed meal.
Half ti.blespoonful morning and night in
soft food. Give plenty of exercise if noth
ing more than pulling a light sweep around
a post. The vice is often incurable.
A Words Io the Hoys.
Now that farming, through the medium
of the agricultural experiment station,
has properly become recognized as a verita
ble science, farmer boys should be proud
of their calling. The tact that agriculture
holds the key to the entire business of the
world is another fact farmer boys should
be proud to be identified with. Waido F.
Brown, in The Stockman and Farmer, has
the following on "A Few Words With the
Boy s:”
“I have rarely written to any particular
class in the many years that I have con
tributed to your paper, but 1 wish in this
to talk of and to the farm boys who are
still on the farm, but perhaps debating
whether to stay there or not. I recognize
the fact tiiat not all the boys can stay on
the farm, and that many are needed in
the various walks of life, and wfil
be useful and happy in their chosen call
ings. On the other hand, 1 know that
many farmers’ boys are dissatisfied because
they think that they must work harder
on the f-arm than in most other callings
and receive for the work lea's pay, and
that their chances for financial success
will be grteatly improved by Changing from
farm to city lite. One tiling w hich has con
tributed to tlie.r discontent is the fact that
for several years past the profits ot farming
have been affected by exceptionally low
prices of some ot the leading products and
drought and flood have greatly injured the
crops. Yet during all these years there
have been some paying products, and many
farmers have managed so intelligently
and cultivated so thoroughly that they
have made a good profit. I believe that
taking the lust ten years, which are certain
ly more unfavorable than any other con
secutive ten during the last forty, a larger
per cent of the farmers have lived com
fortably and saved money than of men en
gaged. in any other industrial calling.
“One other thought troubles many of the
boys on the farm. They see many farmers
whose lives seem to have in them little
worth living for. They plod along in a dull
routine of work, and are uncouth in speech
and dress, and seem to have either never
had any amb.tion to improve their condi
tion in life, or to have lost it if they had,
and I do ii " blani" ;i-iy young man fioim
shrinking from sun a. late. Now, 1 would 1
not advise u boy whose tastes are so decid
uuly in favor of some other employment
that lie cannot be happj- ami contented on
the farm to stay there. lint J would ask
every young man to look all the facts in
the face and weigh the matter well before
com.ng to a decision.
“I have had under my notice the farmer
toys of my locality, and know how they
hav- -succeed" I. e‘vl. perimps, can give some
light on rhe question of hard work and
chances 'or profit. Three years ago two ot
them i n neighboring farms started in busi
ness for themselves, one going to the city
and the other taking li.s fattier’s farm on
shares. Both w ■!< boys of good habits and
principles, with energy and pluck ami a
determination i>> succeed. 'Die boy wli >
stayed on the farm lias saved several hun
dred dollars, and will in a few years have
enough eanital t i start iii business for him
self. either on a rented farm or to buy a.
small farm, witli a. fair prospect of be
coming its ownei rnd out of debt by the
time In* reaches middle life. The other
young man was sue. essful in at once pro
eur.ng a situation with a firm of good
men. and has remained with them till the
present, ami expects to for )e.ars to come.
He began at SI a. week and increased to 55
be'ore the ear was out, but his board and
room cost $5 a week, and washing, cloth
ing and other necessary expenses cost $1.20,
more than his salary. The second year his
pay was advanced to $1 per week, but he
did not quite make expenses, and the third.
year be j-eceived $S per week, and spent .
it all.
“To bo sure, there is an occasional young
man who gets promoted more rapidly and
In-gins to save cionej sooner than thiJ
one, yet I think he Ims had fully average
success, and possibly more. The iaet is,
there are moi’ appli’-ants than positions in
the commercial world, and ties very fact
keeps wag-'-s down. As to wlii'-l> one works
the harder, I presume the farmer boj Ims
some d; -.s of harder work than the boy
in th'- store, but there is great variety in
the work cf the farm, and rainy days and
V. liter ih -re is but little to do. and no
night work. 'I In- boys in the scire work
from 6 o'clock in the morning until a o clock
at night, and in a grocery on Saturday
night till d o'clock, or later. The farmer
Ino can always have two hours a day to
read if he wishes to; the boy in the store
,j t ,es’ not get two hours a week for reading,
units: In- lakes it Mom time when he ought
to sleep.
“Ag.ifii, the boy on the farm is unite cer
tain To form habits of economy wnieh will
be a help to him through life, while the boy
in tin- city has great temptations to spend,
and often yield., to them. The boy who
settles (town on the tarm is alw.-’.ys sure of
work at good wages. Tin supply of good
farm t ands does not . qual the demand,
while the reverse is true of i.early nil class
es of w a-k.-neii in cities. There is no tyran
i-ieul labor union to interfere with the farm
er’s right to work, and no matter how hard
tlie times may I ■ , he has an abundance to
eat and a home to live in. He has no chance
t,. become a millimiaire, it is wue, Lui a
much better chance to own a home, and
one that will support him at that, than the
clerk in the city. Three or four thousand
dollars invested’ in a small farm w hich the I
owner has learned to manage wisely. [
means a good living and security for old :
age, while the same amounl nut into a I
residence in the city means that you must •
live in an undesirable neighborhood, and I
Z 'IT' S HE best investment in r< is to
keep buildings well painted. Paint p > the house and
saves repairs. You sometimes want to sell many a good
house has remained unsold for want of paint. The rule should
be though, “the best paint or none.” That means
Strictly Pure White Lead
You cannot afford to use cheap paints. To be sure of getting
Strictly Pure White Lead, look at the brand; any of these are safe:
“ ANCHOR” (Cincinnati). “ RED SEAL ” (St Louis. )
“ ECKSTEIN” (Cincinnati). “KENTUCKY” (Louisville).
“ SOUTHERN” (St. Louis and Chicago). “ATLANTIC” (New York).,
“COLLIER” (St Louis). “JEWETT” (New York).
For Colors. —National Lead Co.’s Pure White Lead Tinting Colors.
These colors are sold in one-pound cans, each can being sufficient to tint 25 pounds of Strictly
Pure White Lead the desired shade ; they are in no sense ready-mixed paints, but a combination of
perfectly pure colors in the handiest fonn to tint’Strictly Pure White Lead.
A good many thousand dollars have been saved property-owners by having our book on
painting and color-card. Send us a postal card and get both free.
Cincinnati Branch, N ATTONA I T FAD CO New York
Seventh St. & Freeman Ave.. Cincinnati. IxZl. A J A.L2. . ANCW I OIK.
Mention The Constitution.
you will pay heavy taxes and get nothing
from it toward the support of a family ex
cept a pl.-ice to live in.
“The farmer who studies his business and
understands the forces at his command can
not fail to be an intelligent man, so that no
young man need fear ihat the calling will
degrade him. Forty years ago I attained my
majority, and at that time was debating 1 He
question of what my life-work should be.
1 had met with fair success as a. teacher
and was disposed to make that iny profes
sion, but 1 decided in favor of the farm,
and have never regretted it, and I believe
that 1 have better health, have had less
rare and worry, and probably as much
money and influence as 1 could have hoped
for as a teacher.”
WHY NOT MODI) IT HEHEf
Major W. (t. WJiidby Talks About the
Nntioual l-’urmerm" <_ ouferenee.
“In October, the national farmers’ con
gress will meet in X’atlcersburg, VV. Va„
and there is no reason why me meeting
of the congress in 181)5 should not be held
in Atlanta during the exposition,” said
Major W. G. Wnidby yesterday.
"The national farmers’ congress is the
largest and most influential organization
in this country. It is not sectional, but
deals exclusively with national questions
which affect agricultural interests. The
meetings bring together some of the best
men from their respective states. Hon. B.
F. Crayton, the president, of lowa, was
born in Kentucky, and, although one of
the largest land owners in the west, a
warm friend of the south.
"Colonel George M. Ryals, of Savannah,
Ga., is the genial and popular vice presi
dent. Colonel John Al. Stahl, editor ot The
Farmers’ Call, ot Chicago, is tlie suave and
irrepressible secretary. Among the mem
bers ot the body, no one commands more
attention than Colonel Daniel E. Needham,
president of the New England Agricultural ,
Society. Magnetic, eloquent and logical, he i
is a power in any gathering.
"To bring the members of such an ini- i
portant and potential organization hi re can
not fail to be beneficial to us, and advan
tageous to them. They will see us face
to lace, and as we are. They will see what
our section is capable of producing, and
realize that they are among friends and
patriots.
“Not a. day should be lost in the effort
to induce tlie members of the congress to
visit us and enjoy a Georgia welcome, as
emphasized by Atlanta. Let us have the
national farmers’ congress meet here in
1835.”
Hale* for Supplj’lng I’lant Food .
lit a general way, the following rules may
be of some aid in supplying plant food un
dei ordinary conditions.
Reclaimed low land, rich in vegetable
matter, islikely to be rich in nitrogen, but
deficient in phosphoric acid.
Where crops make a small growth in leaf
or stalk, under otherwise favorable condi
tions, nitrogen is likely to be deficient in
the soil. A large yield of plump, bright
grain from a small or moderate growth of
straw or ‘stalks would indicate an abun
dance of phosphoric acid and potash.
As a rule, plants of the greatest leaf de
velopment require the most potash.
Farm manures that have been well cared
for contain about twice as much nitrogen
as phosphoric acid and, consequently, land
that has received recent liberal applications
of barn manures is not likely to be defi
cient in nitrogen.
High grade fertilizers generally give more
plant food for their cost than those of low
grades.
Pure sadlum nitrate (Chile saltpeter) in
100 pounds contains 10.5 pounds of nitrogen.
Pure ammonium sulphate in 100 pounds con
tains 21.2 pounds of nitrogen.
Pure chloride or muriate of potash in 100
pounds contains 63.5 pounds ot actual pot
ash.
Kainit should contain in 100 pounds about
12.5 pounds of potash.
The best results from sodium nitrate are
secured by frequent applications of small
amounts on the growing crops as a top
dressing.
The New Orleans Crop Statement.
NEW ORLEANS, April 20.—Crop state
ment from St ptember Ist to April 20th, in
! elusive: Port receipts 5,611.052 bales, against
4,631,100 last year, and 6.657,136 year before
last; overland to mills and Canada 703,758,
against 788,108 ami 1,155,103; interior stocks
in excess since September 123.335, again,-i
135,893 and 255,326; southern .mill takings
571,825, against 553,684 and 500,779: crop
brought into sight during 232 days to date
7.|ii2.970, against 6.208,785 and 8,568,611; crop
b night into sight for the w eek 57,015,
against 42.873 for tlie seven days ending
April 2‘Jth last year, and 47,599 for the same
time .year before last; crop brought into
- ciit for the first twenty days of April 161,-
t >. : i against !;'BJiBO an ! 17-1,:;V,.
' ‘‘ oipiirisoiis in these reports are made up
t ■ the corresponding date last year, and
befor,- and not to tlie close of the corre
sponding week. Comparisons by weeks
would take in 233 days of the season last
year and 235 days year before last, against
only 232 days tills year.
W. H. FLEMING SEHIOI SLY JU KT.
A Vicious Horse liscks Him in the
Face.
Augusta, Ga., April 18.—(Special.) —W. 11.
Fleming, the well-known member ot' the
state legislature, met with a very serious
accident at 6 o’clock this afternoon. lie
is the owner of a very vicious horse, which
he generally uses for saddle purposes, but
tills afternoon attempted to drive him.
When nearing the city limits, the horse,
1 tched to .i road cart, kick ;
over the dashboard, both feet striking Mr.
Fleming in tlie face. The effects of the
blow were horrible. The left eje was
totally extinguished. The right jaw was
fractured, as was the nose. There were
also several very bad cuts about the face,
and tin- accident is considered very <la.iig<r
ous, indeed. Air. Fleming never lost con
sciousness until put under opiates, in order
that the five attendant physicians might
operate on the wounds. His courage after
the accident was most admirable, and.
while suffering intense pain, he related
In w the accident occurred without a quiver
or groan. Tbe wounds are ail of a serious
nature, but not fatal, and recovery is ex
. peeled, unless complications set in. The
whole city is silo ked by tile news, as Air.
Fleming- is a very popular man, and was
standing tor re-election to the legislature.
Hlstasii Is Short.
Columbus, Ga.. April 19.—(Special.)—Cooper
Bennett, a young man v.ho for the past
three months has been in the employ of
J. I'. Hendrix, us manager of tlie latter’s
grocery business in this city, was arrested
this afternoon on tlie charge of larceny
after trust. Hendrix is an engineer on the
Central railroad, and did not discover Ben
net! : shortage, which is about SSOO. until
yestei'iay evening, win n he informed the
erring- young man ihat he v.oulii be expect
ed to make good the amount or suffer the
consequences. At an early hour this morn
ing, ilendrix's storehouse an i counters were
burned, which was undoubtedly tlie work
of an incendiary. The building and goods
wete covered by insurance. Bennett, the
alleged embezzler, t ame to Columbus a few
months ago from Alexandria City. Ala.,
and is a member of a prominent family of
that place.
N ATION A L GRAI V CONG It ESS
Largely AHewded by Men from the
South and West.
Wii hila. Kan., April 17.—The national
grain congress, which opened here today,
is largely attended by grain men from all
over southern Kansas amt Oklahoma,
Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Nebraska,
Colorado, Florida. Alabama, South Caro
lina, leva aivl Al'tmesolii. Tlie object ot
the congress is to formulate plans to secure
an outlet tor southern and southwestern
products on the gulf of Mexico, The New
Orleans delegation is a strong one, and
they are working hard for the Crescent
City. Colonel Day, of The New Orleaais
Bieaytme, made a remarkable speech in
favor of commercial and social relations
between the west and south. It is com-
pared by all here to the famous speech
of Henry Grady at tlie Aew Englaaid d li
ner. Governor Lewelling, of Kansas,an
many southern commercial
sent telegrants of hearty c ? ngr A t y l ™ 1 ,?r t v
Many valuable Papers, out Ln-rng the society
for a commercial alliance between
west and south, were read,
A permanent reorganization was
as follows: President, ex-A-Jayoi u.
Clement, of Wichita; vice presidents, » a.
Jones, of Florida; 11. A. BB L ot, Alabama.
I Hall of Louisiana; Mfr. Criinics. oi
Oklahoma;’C. E. Potts, of Kl \ usas ( v Ge v ? r A e
Scheuler, of Nebraska; Colonel J. • ” *«.
gins, of Colorado; D. C. Imboden, of ‘ K •
J. H. Ander, of Alinnesota, and‘ V S t
Meyers, of Iowa; secretaries, col *J ue^..,j. e a s!
ot Alabama, and A. C. Jm>w, ol Kaijas,
treasurer, A. V\- oliver ’ of Kdnbas ’-
Cl'»*er Kehti ion*
Wichita, Kas., April 18.—The national
grain convention, which htm b. n in session
here during tlie past two days,
this evening to meet again at New Orleans
the second Tuesday in •!'inc- " ext . an "
nual meeting will be held at Mobile, Alm,
next April. Strong resolutions were passed,
throwing off the yoke of the east and aa
voca.ting tlie closest commercial relations
between the west mid south, favoring tne
completion of the Nicaragua canal ana its
absolute control by the Lidled States; urg
ing the lines of railroad from the west to
the south to compete for the grain in the
west to southern ports atnd pledging tne
support of both sections to such corpora
tion; demanding the rapid completion of tne
river ami harbor improvements now in pro
gress and calling upon congress to estab
lish fast mail service between the west and
gulf ports to facilitate and expedite trade
relations between tlie two sections.
NOR TH CAROLINA CROPS.
Report of the Department of Agricul
ture on Their Conditio.o.
Raleigh, N. C., April 16.—(Special.)—The
i departnu-nt of agriculture today smnmar
i ized tlie North Carolina crop report tor
April. The per cent condition of crops
April Ist, compared with vitality and
growth of average years, is: \\ ueat w,
outs 82, rye 88, clover and grasses 82; **m<ii
tion 01. preparation ior cotton, 91 per aent;
corn, 99; tobacco, 78; prospect for fruit, al
per cent; berries, 53; decrease of cotton acre
age, 6'. * per cent; increase of hogs raised, 2o
per cent; increase of home grown bacd.n,
30 per cent. Condition of live »i->ck: Horses',
94 per cent; cattle, 113; sheep, 99; hogs, 99;
eliiciency of labor. Si.
Clover and Oats Suffer.
Francisco, Ala., April 17.—(Special.)--At
least 50 per cent of the oats and young
clover was killed by the recent freeze, but
the farmers are increasing their acreage in
corn. The fruit crop will be a total failure.
Farmers are hustling, turning land and
planting corn.
Grand Master A. G. Bethard will im .itute
Isaac Green lodge. No. 146, I. <). O. F., at
Francisco, on April 27th. The following are
the charter members: John H. Kennedy,
Georg.- A. Erwin, M. H. Rich, J. N. Green
ami John Riddle.
Captain Johnston’s gubernatorial campaign
is getting along nicely. II" is the choice ot
four-fifths of tne democracy of the valley,
which represents om -third of tlie democ
racy of tnis county, Jackson.
The Constitution expresses the sentiments
of the masses in north Alabama, in regard
to the political situation in Alabama. The
people admire its boldness, because it speaks
the truth “rite out in meetin’ .” it does
more to shape the political course of the
masses here than ail of the “cuckoo” papers
of this state combined.
Tlie Outlook.
From The New Orleans Picayune.
Who cun say where all this is to end?
Can the democratic party, which alone
was able to survive *the convulsions of u
tremendous civil war, outlive the storm
which is gathering over the country? It
is the party of the people, but will the
glowing glamor of socialism seduce its
working cli.is.-cs. and will those democrats
who own property and value personal rights
be forced for protection to take refuge
i with the party of uuli-sociuli-m .’ 9a. u,
■ what is to become ol the doctrine of states’
j rights? The socialistic doctrines demand a
: powerful central government to carry them
out. I'he party ot property is essentially a
federal and aggrtiwfixing organization re
quiring the protection of a government
with almost despotic powers. W hat, then,
is to become of the power and influence of
tiie states? Are they to be disregarded and
ignored in the grist light for the control
of the federal pow.-r? Tlie possibilities
which loom up in the fiitme ■: ■ so vast,
but so x ague, as l icit, only their bulk, but:
not their form and characteristics, can be
deiniji.-rat .’C party, with its grand principles
which have survived so many tremendous
shocks, may st.!! live to gath r th. masses
of the people of this country around a flag
which stands for liberty witli’,ut license,
for civilization without corruption, and
for the rights of states and of citizens
guaranteed by a constitution.
Best Fence and Gates for all purposes. Write for
full Mirtieuvars. SEDC WICK BHpS.CD. Richmoird ind”
Mention The Constitution.
ff.W JOH NS*
ii, w L -t/ a A ~y e v /j
THS STANDARD PAINT FOR STRUCTURAL PLtRPOSES.
Sample Card end Descriptive. Price |j a t free by nail.
11. W. JOHNS MANUFACTURING COMPANY*
Asbestos Roofing, Building Felt. Steam Packing, Boiler Coverings, Fire-Proof ’pit**..
Asbestos Non-Conducting and Electrical Insulating* Materteis Ps ***»
» 7 MAIDEN LANE, NEW YORK.
■ JERSEY CHY. CHICAdO. PHILADELPHIA. fiOSTON. LONDON*
I JJS ntion The Conetltuti-in.
for Infants and Children.
“ < 'astorlaisso well adapted to children that Castoria cures Colic, Constipation,
I recommend it as superk>r to any prescription Sour Stomach, Diarrhoea, Eructation,
known to me.” 11. A Archer, M. D., Kilis 'Worms, gives sleep, and promotM
111 So, Oxford st., Brooklyn, N. Y, gestlon,
Without injurious medication,
"The use of ‘Castoria is so universal and “For several years I have recommended
its merits so well known that it seems a work your 1 Castoria,’ and shall always continu* to
of supererogation to endorse it. Few are the do so as it has invariably produced benafleUl
intelligent families who do not keep Castoria results.”
Within easy .each.” 9 Edwin F. Pardm, M. D„
t aut a ularttn, D. D., | ISOth Street and 7th Ave., Now York City.
New York City. J
Inc Centavr Compaxy, 77 Murray Street, New Yore City.
s-T?— —— .— '■ . ... " —— —-Y-rss
WUiTMWC COMPLETE LINE OF
Whl 1 Mei o baling presses
mOHEST AWAUDS AT THE WOKLD’S FAIR .4.V7) ZY EVEItY OTHER CONTES.
Not the Cheapest, but Gu-irantced to be The Best. Also Manufacture a large line of Farm Machine?
WHITMAN AGRICULTURAL CO., St. Louis, Mo.
.Mention The Constitution.
® issF?
V d Wh 7 wasto t;nie ’ tnoaej and health with “doctors’ wonderful “cure- ►
NV K J allsrspecitics.etc..wli a I will send you I s't.E the prescription I
,in, l full pai-ti-.-ularso: a tv'\v certain remedy pmt is a complete euro!
iffiwHbi* stOreaawiror NFItVOCS With (.((ST MA MHIOD and IM-S
\r;Ay'.V.V?vl'O'iT’;N'<N' inelder yoim;-. num. Cures in TV* O WEEKS. I send H
iikKO’im , - his information and presort pl ion alisolutely FREE, and there is now
humbug nor ivtvertisiug catch about il. Avy druggist can put It up for M
.you as everything is plain and simple. All I ask in return is that vou will buy a small quantity ot the S 3
s>remedy itself of me, all ready for uso,but may dors you nlaaso u!x>ut tins. All letters sent sealed. 0
» E. il, HUXGEIIEOBJLIiox 810 Albion, Mich, gj
Mention The Constitution.
1 r®.
FAIR
t AWARDS
“A Gride. *‘k" Ursde. S4®« TWO MEDALS
«n<l one Diploma for Beauty.
been sold direct to the people.
Spn<l at once for our complete
(TO of every kind of
v vehirle* itiariaee»,also book
tlio. of testimonials, they are free.
ALLIANCE CARRIAGE CO.. CINCINNATI. O.
Mention The Constitution.
J 1 THINKS
V.’ IN CHOOSING DRINKS AND ft
| HIRES’
SRcotbeei-j
j? WILL LINK YOUR THINKS. M
B Deliciously Exhilarating, Spark- A
W ling, Effervescent. Wholesome M
h) as well. Purifies the blood, tick- W
W les the palate. Ask your store- M
tj keeper for it. Get the Genuine. M
Bend 3 cent stamp for beautiful picture card* W
/fil book. ff
! fij THE CHAS. E. HIRES CO.,
Philadelphia. y
This Beats Them AU I
FAULTLESS Every one who has used one ol
our faultless razors knows what
RAZOR they are. VVe bave sold hundreds
of them and they have given per-
No. 35. feet satisfaction. Faultless No. 81
is higly crocus polished, set reads
, .e» f° r use. These world-renowned
’ KfiCULAR nizoi are hand forged and temper*
_ _ _ o ed by a process known only to tb«
SAREc.>? rian’ufaeturer and ground by th*
crorw uh st skilled grinders.
&s Kur The strop is a regular barber
„ strop, double swing. One strop,
fto. o. woven hose, the other horse hide
held together by a swivel.
Both in nice We <>il'er the above razor and
ou.uu ’-° stTol) , p U t u„ in box. prepaid to
box vour postollice, foronly $1.50. The
’ regular price of the razor is $2 and
OO3tS»R-3 lhe strop retails for 75 cents, but
j ’ ’ ” by buying in large quantities we
prepaid, enabled to send to our patronr
I for just, about half price. Tbll
for only razor and strop was put up eg’
peeialiy for us and.has never bee*
$1.50. ofi'ered in this way before.
KNIiZES
; Everybody wants a Knife, so THE
* CONSTITUTION lias selected a line
to suit every one.
K N J F E Tliis is a 3-bladcd pearl handle
fv>O. 4360 knife, silver mounted on back.and
ONLY 50c end l ’ “nd is a special bargain.
This is a 4-bladed congress knife.
KNSFE has two large blades, one small
blade, one file, silver mounted on
NO. i ■-O ends, black ebony handles. These
ONLY 6OC. knives are expressly heavy built
so as to stand wear and tear.
„ u i re This is a very heavy Jack knife,
Kl 4lr t 2 bimle l. buck born bandies,
’ No. £>22B mounted on both ends, blade*
\ hand forged—the very knife for
ONLf 6OC. farmer or hunter.
KNIFE This is a 2-bladed buck horn
.. handle knife, silver mounted on
No. n<>th ends, blades highly crocus
ONLY 75c. polished.
Thi -■ is an elegant 4-bladed knife,
with the finest pearl handles, sil
izi’ijtc- ver lined and mounted on both
ends. The blades are the finest
No. 6280 quality and superior workman
v c-1 -sc: ship- One of tlie blades is a
Ore L . S’l.oO [,'re’icii nail blade, and just thini*
ot I- mt post -go piep-ud;ioroniv
S i. 3;„
The prices sbbv, are :'c- the premium only. Add
$1 whi n sending for tlie paper. If you are already
a subn-riber you een i- ty imy of these premium!
by seuiliug the price named above.
THE CONSTITUTION.