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UNITED STATES SENATOR J< <T. MORGAN, OF ALABAMA,
BIMETALLISM.
•***'•« urrt hik roici
fob b D«r«it *r4*»4«i*.
THE DEMOCRACY'S RECORD IS TRUE
■w Ha«« x«<*4 Tima and Again f«K
B«lwar • K»MB«»e«a>atlaa Maa
4ard Marts Um Fsopfta.
G-tfllq, Oa. July 11.— >—H«n.
John T Morgan. I'Bleed States senator
from Alabama, delivered a ape** h hr tv- to
day which will live. It was one of the
•reauat titterancas ever heard In tht*
country on the fina octal quest inn. Wb* n
he was introdia-ed he was vtleome! by
applauee which amounted to an ovation.
All the r»j through his *-p»’*ch hr was
h»u-lly apf»U4«jrj The apercb was as
fvl.iwa.
Mr. and Gentlemen of the <V»n
wntaoa: In • atr.’.jt to a Georgia canwm
•oa. on y<-ur k nd Invitation, when- the
Question of the fre-* caMnaar of stiver money
a th- toyrr oi di«cuwwun. I feel al h«»mr
**th »uu. hrrausr Alabama is a moth *r
to m* and she is Georgia • only grard
daw: after, and the question is a famhy
I roma as a democrat. In democratic har
.>*•*• ami by authority of the settled ere • I.
•o ztartw Seamers tie principles as obi
and a* nmn-l as that great national party.
1 am here as a disciple of Jefferson. Madi
son and Jackson, aud Duan, others of nor
. «n»e» rated fathers to >T*ak in d* I *ti>
•f aa a-1 of that wa« approved
b* George Washctirton in ITS*.’ lor the free
*««lnanr «»< silver, which was in
CUT. ano was ai*prm*d by Andrew J.«* k
*•( the (Jailed States; and
was M.u-r-e. below the fifth rib by John
Sh.-rman tn IX3 and was fc-ft for •!■ ad.
Mr. St.«rn tn a law of U7- was so h a
»*«>idrn bl-*w to »il%rr. as a mo-.* . ir« ci,
that it went marv. loua that stiver ha> in
it ennoah •it ur- h-ft to take -tp its I* I
end walk lint it I* moving tn the front
with uplifted Lea I an I rig*-rear rtep.
ar «m in union. if not «n ful« lurwkHK
a-'M. ami the |SII > fa <0 inwptr ting that
• I'm Carrot Britain Is "fc*«piiu. s;rp to the
m*>' -■ o* : •» -
The «•■!» • iwaanl • ■rrmry.
I tow- .0 th.* « nr ntion. pro** -■•»’■-
tne crvrd r„ the national ttemo r»> -• it
wa» prvdnuteatrd n I*M isdfecfc the threat
rniifc p*.u*r of th* Lank ot th- l’-.i* I
Sl*«icx which ha* transmit led to its il *—
rfftimate progeny the uathH.al batik* all
of its sices, and few o< its virtu-**. That
«>. r»-c wa* in these words:
Us >ie»dare un*|UA.iiird h< • li.ty to
bank hot—z and p*.|r-r money .« .* «'.i<
«• g medium, lacauae ffb!d ax I Mirer » th
u:.l const it tit xmal •■•.rrvrry-’’
ver ts th* only rons:itut.on«i. cmrem y” a
stain.nc a pr nr pie that is vUal to tbr
un’ry and the 'lemurratic pa iy «'ur
r-uj. «»r money. jeKii* 1 b» th* «'i ! • *
H:avm Is only ••>« « tuthmal ahm *1 1
\-n Haren was eb-etrd pr- - •>■»« tl. ••
«i» iratiun of politu’w. priw ;»*•*. .
U fore ho was inaugorated. !*i« e»4» nt J *
non appruled the o*'on-i a»id am*
• t l« r tb* <r* • and equal
, *•’ «.nd I. oft 1b» drman 1 • I th- ht i• ■
qfi m. at the ratio of sixteen gr« «
• *oe grain of gold. The r iv--r d*»l
B It* wait of valor as H wa
•n. and the silver d*4lar w '
tsttdtr money for all i- .*.*.
a "demormt I am h*r» to a-i* .
rv-cnia tm«*nt ot that law «H lv •.
t'.e f rw e and equal 'smiawd th- .tu •*
t >. ar» I •**»«' —* *► " r-p«i... au it.
. wrtuxe »nj «>th th. n» «h. -.
, 11- puts. and. also, lot ihr W|«l At •
:son .awe an! forr* wl'a that h*iv
v r«d ova r the • quutry. hk an
thirty years I have U» -1.
ratfe gratdb-d to hud th-m iu h
.n.ry ai d I h -p. they will oHiS.no. m.
Th- re sr«* p«q«al»>t». I am fan. eho rl.ll
rg i. It. 1. t»»r th* pettirhm-ss o-l tolly
awj from ib-* ?m- frtends of stf' • r . •*» a
th* dime when they «. re «•» *•» lev*.-
d by tn true *fa ■n«K*ra*y in tne ndp m
•!t the *b mF- ra’h* (bars. lor aio •auli
!»• y lows : »r its prirnq*!- *. abd they
ouM r»nira * • * amp. aH tn future.
r «f Th- tr ae democracy m th- rvwurvre
m of pro. ipb » .. . 1 -.l.ctea that r*«.-o
l-rt then s- »• the.*, preen *V! is *.r. i
*■ . ' '
ft*l* of- »«!•?• r-*e tn tn«- outer wortd.
r*- •r.i* r s - md*proteetß life. Kb-
•rt . rty und th*- pursuit of happi-
*/. in • • ram* of th- •dvil law and
rouxb it> waring and r»stonn K power.
•: boa tlu P ate* of memory
; • in'm: >! »: .hr th. feet of leading
i r.»*. as 1 ft*.!* l were -levastatrd. and
n». > w. re in a»h**. and life, ttherty and
—rty were without the ruardiansh.p
.*w, and th* only happinem was found
honorable memories *»f the her«»tc «l<-ad.
. ... w their newly w.aie graves
if they Will a*k th.*m<r|ver a Single qu»s-
• . ... *1 aii>w«-r it randblly. thor will fe-
•«m • > the detnoerafic* i*sirty «»f tleorgts
with It. whatever fat. the ia
«*l d» m-XT-s* y may assign _ to
.- ror •» i T.iVt question is. *‘Wh«w«e
r* rower has brought cb*oma tiack
»xfe : res.- w*. i her strength an-i tne
; .st h r fhnner gtory?* Th. answer hk
u-.v *?his Is Ih* work of the ikmo* rath*
llrMiwernr y*s Krtnrd.
<s*> e the *upp<»»ed that was
kl -t. 1 on FiKer money, by the first
rw n set of l*n. Ihe denns raiic party,
a Iby a small but Intrrpi I Un-I of re
: *-ana who are true to the constitution,
have re»iorel sdvsr to ail it* form, r
rmt» except that hf frv> coinage, and
I** .-a:xon as the unit of value
FV>r t * purpose of showing the un »• I
•» l alm«wt unanimous sctlon of the denso
r»ts tn th* United Htates senate since
Ki on tne fr»* coinage of silver, allow m«-
' r*ad *he rrcord of the vot.a of d* me-
J, *urir senators on the several bills and r» s-
* .rts r«iatitg to this subject that have
ya*aed that boiy.
T j wtp that we beean **« h *
• f I'H. after full dvtwte. we
’ ‘f 1 <>• Absolutions offre*l by Hon. Rtan-
• b’ Matthews, then a r«*j*ublican senat*»r
from <»l to. and afterwards, one of the
’ l-e» of the supreme court nf the t nited
filates.
I will rend only the votes of democrats,
fr<t reading the rvsolulion which was the
spewing shot ..f the great campaign, not
‘ Forty-fourth fongrrss. Januar K. I®®*
- Matthevrs R» solution R« solved. Thai all
U*. bo-ql the United State® Uaqcd ur
Speaks on the Rem 1 - netization of Silver.
r 1— ",
authorized to Im* issued, under the raid
acts of congress hen tn before rr<'lt<*d, are
payable, prm. ipal **n<l interest, al the op
tion of the government of the United States
» I in silver uoiiars. of the coinage us tne
United Fistvs. rointaining lour hun-
Ir.u find IWtftiW and a half grail--
r of stan lari silver; ami that
Its <«»mage >u« h stiver coins as a legal
tender in payment of raid bunds, principal
ami interest, is n-»t a violation of the pub
lic faith bor in derogation of the rights
of the public creditor
Yeas on the adoption of at wive resolution.
Denux ra:s. Armstrong. Bailey. Heck.
* «\»k. ■ - \ rginia, I lennfa
tin. liordon. Grover. Hereford. Johnston,
Jones Os Florkia. McCreery. Mclhmald.
* Mav.w. Merrimon, Morgan. Ransom,
i . fiaulsl ury. Thurman. Voorhees. Wallace,
\\ theea T»ital zt
1 Defnorratic Nays: Barnum. Bayard. Ea
ton. K«i»i»n. McPherson, Ran-
. 7
N«»w I wt!l read the votes of democratic
* * sma:«*rs on fh»* hill to remonetise tne
t Mamftged dollar. u«-t-r<.»
Iwm.M-ratie teas and navs in th«* passage
• of the Mil aver th»‘ Veto of Press lent
■ . liayr*s. (This art Is known as the Bland-
Allison law.l
Yeas, liemocrats: Bailey, Beck. Cock
rell. •'oke. I»avl -of West Virginia. Dennis.
. (Curtis. Garland. Gordon, Grover, Harris,
li r. f«»r*l. H 11. J«»hnston, Jones of Florida,
'.fc*' , n««y. M Donald. Maxey. Merrfmon,
Ylnrgan. Faulsbur •. Thurman. Voorhra s,
(Valla* e. Withers Total ».
• l»*-no*raiic Nays: Barnum, Bayard. But
| l.r Eaton. Kernan. Eimar. McPherson,
I; •* |.. h W»*vte Total ft.
The nr«t Vn’e was in the fifty-first con
grrsF. first session, in the senate, June 17.
Ik»» on a b.li to provide for lhe fr* e
• a.- of gobi and silver and for oth* r
purp« »<•»’.
l»*rvMra»!c Yeas Bate. Berry Blodgett.
But!* r. *’ad. Cockrell, Coke. Uolqiiitt. Dan-
I . E»i>l;j*. G*or_*. Gorman. Harris.
Hearst. J. ties «f Arkansas, K*-nna. Mor
tan. Pa* •». rtyiw. I‘ugh. Ransom. Turpie.
Van**-. V»-st. V*M*rhrc«, Wathall total y..
!•* rn•.-rstir Nay McPherson, Wilson.
Tl .* im xt - •»<«• was in the fifty-first con
gress. s o:*d xsmoii. on a bill to provide
a. »:i* ? th* <•»!> tract ion of th* currenrv.
a*».l for *»tl** purp »srs. by Mr Stewart.
Jar nary •'*. ’'M. t*» which Mr. Vest offered
lem M reti- v* .«s on V’rat's substitute,
win h p.i> *•*! and was a full fn*s coinage
n.* . .r*
Harl-o-ir. Bate, Berry. Blackburn. But
hr. • ’ki’-il. Coke. Daniel, i£u*t «.
Faulkm r. •; Imun. Gorman. Hampton,
j. : • Ai.. . -e. Kenna. Morgan. Pas< <>.
| .*t It* • ' i’ - V.»!. • . \ • |
I n.i *: Wilson—total. 1.
Tl’ • i:* M v*»tr was in the lifty-s«*’ , *»n*l con
gt* • i s. * Ti. July I, I*«C. «•!» a hill
to p *l. !•• f.*r he free coinage of gold and
dv* r bullion, and for other purposes.
' *1
si* pa - d ns amended:
V B-:i. ih Blackburn. Blodr* tt.
I: tl- «'*. kro'd. 1 au'kn.-r. George, Har
-1 li.ll. K**»**s*. ’.Ulis. Morgan. Ransom,
laip*. \*st to’al. 16
!»* ; . •;«•»* nr.\,*» Brice, Carlisle, Gorman.
M - :-**r-. Whitt t**t *l. 7.
t • • I* ar»«l I y ?om<- democratic sena-
• » al the |*a->Ke of this bill might
• »»air.»-s tlie v.it.di<lacy of Mr. Cleveland
*r. t .*• •xt vote, in the fifty-third con-
gi n»*t -• Felon, the democrats were
div •! <i 1> io
I* r .. t ne * * .*s and nays on the pas
y i * »»‘i! to repeal the purrheaitiff
<d.*u * *.f tii*- S • rnian law of July H.
' Tr' >. Camden. Faulkner.
«; l- <:«.» ax.. Gray. Hili. Hunton. Eind-
.n. M Mk MM bril of
X*hv. lCan>um. Fmith. Turpie.
V - \v bite of lAJutslana—to-
N; !<a*e. Perry, Blackburn, Butler.
•'I .; r •' .«•. Danb-I. « • ’ • ' 1 ' -
r • • * Vrkatisas. M-rtin, Pasco.
»•* 1: >n* h. Vance, Vest. Walthall to-
*aer •««-« n«*d Northern Drtworrnfs.
•. . ,* \ .•orh* , eF, Turn!**, Mills.
... * t... n. Faulkner an 1 Ransom,
w ■*.»«• i< as firm f*< free cowagr a*
, . 1 • k «\«r were, went wltn
r*ihiicans t»e* a use they 1
! < ■••* our-party from a permanent
wi n the pr. sld* xit. fiev* ral
1 nog mvself, were paired
• •. -t %**-e*. taken In four cun-
t. ng » perk-1 of aiatern years.
> .« ui tin- t « ginning of the i-ui-
. .*• . 11l i* gal tender |»»w« r. Mr.
•w . , i. -troyer of siU* r mon* v
•» . y . f *.i. ..t Britain 40 selling
. . . ... stall*, i' I wa in f’lli
■ - • *, me** rail.- s. uator from
a I • k an x throughout New Kngktfid.
la* I*'* th- -lenio ratic votes cist against
sx.,*r n.« n* j. u i* 7 agatnat ZX in the see
i » . a'in7v tin y were 3 against Z 5. In
- ti.«-y ’.'•»•* 3 a;.Hin*t 26 In I*4*l there
b** *.« ■ v« ... jst 21 This wai
.I*. «'.<-•• ’asoi s defeat, winn w* were
1. . .4. u .|; out f.*i-*s to regain power In
at:* 1 Mr. t l* ieland s Mcutid tioniina
t :«.n. •*!••• a - re , ..ga.ii't !•».
iu »« • that «*n all lhe te*t ba Hot-
iMx.-r.. *n Jr t »i* r. fr«*in to IWI, d«*m
«. . «r> voted IH votes for silver
-n i kutee tlwy are c laimed for the sin
ge y »l.i t.u«*!«xd. aud are fm Justly Uaim
, . u • • ’ al re sult fa cmwddered, not-
f :i.. .ani l*, tteif oft-repsaU-d assevera
tion- ’h*» th-% w-r* the friends of bl-
•
■ • bml Cm ■f' ■ ■ '
v alth g* • t*e l- tte. of their regard for
tb. » .*? fo* ured their vision as to
t'.* th**»* .*. j*.oxi*-hing ruin. A- to the
• : ti.» ra* * **f th- f tnation. 1 feel comforta
ble that n»% *v*t*-s were numbered w*lii the
HI. aga n*l th** 27.
I.ood • OMI|*MB* To He In.
I .!** tet I- lie**- that a democrat was
ev«* In b-tler *-«»*npuny than with such
men a< Thurman. Be. k. Harris. Bate.
Pugh. Gr •• W-Ulace, Saulsbury. V»*»r
-- ’- . M i oua d. Withers, Daniel. Hunton.
Van-v. G«*rd n. iViquitt, W althall. Jon* sos
Atkabka- Berry. Cuke, Maxey. H»r*furd.
I a'.-* ol H. -t Virginia. Kenna. Faulaner.
1 t .rp‘*. J*.i- -of 1 iorid a. Ransom. Call.
I'.. *. M«« *r«*r> the eider and greater-
Jv«'* »*m l**-t‘.n*F. Merrimon. Bail* y, <’oek-
r II V* - . E > H H of Georg a. llrwwn.
.: 1: • • »•
Ge< k* H *ns|»ton. Butler. Blodgett. Mills.
It .i_.* '. I.* i- . W U-h. Martin. H ’ n
an l Hill *»f New York. an I oth»* r *
• * ii*i h iv* vot« i for the free co n-
a&e of riH*-r at the ratio of 16 to I. with
th. r .ll h eal t-n.|. r |»>w-r 0f.r..!. t<i|.tl«n.
Uh •'■ft «>r v.-tetr,.-.. tnty hn-
(rouhlt-d the <>f *»•-• •’ "• "
•vh :■ : ■ •uftl prophet, of evil »>re •iin
iittuc t..»t w•• i<ltt‘.'?■ into their '’urti, wlteti
thue f.'-l '!••> Itave their ttolemn
aiiaova* *f the i»» asurv. from whi< h onlv
’ ar. a* t”f «• i*eT*tAJ» could vxonerat* th*-in.
Thai door of •-* ape is aiwaja upcq
au hon**t man. but <tccasio?;ally aotue tr>
, to • * ape un-x*-rground.
I have iiam»**l Garland and laimar. who
I were in Mr Clevelan i s first cabinet. Gar
land voted for free Filv* r and would, after
w'ards. ha** d»**d *»f negie* t. but that brave
aiul goof in in would not die until <»•••!
has eall» i Mm He if still ver.* macti
alii* .n he* voluntary rctirenr* nt (rum »ml>-
1 He N
In a letter to the prvsid* nt of the M« ni
ph.s run*ention h- makes a criticism on
Mr Carlisle, of th* M ’ S ■al >- t m MI
Cl-vela nd. which I wilt quot< .
i;%-*,',*rel«tr> *,nrlnv*«l •»*» * t«r1l*l«*
••Mr. <’arl-sir. true, now’ sp* ak> in I a
gu<g«> differing es‘«*ntialiy from tha*. u?*d
bv him in I*7>. and w«- must not answ* r
1 him with a n»e« rur contemptuoos hoot, or
a pudsnapp*an eja ulat on. that w.ll not d*».
• I. *’»• r>-ht to change his options: y.-;».
li,**;*. *1 honestly he believed he was wrung
th«n it If hl* duty to change them n-w
ami c’** th* rr«F«*iiM for the faith that 18
in him It is Fsi i ’hat foots and d* ad in* n
i aiun* never change thei: opinion*. We
were a:i. 1 l-dirv. fur one 1 was glad
when he WHJ* <alie*i to th- h gh tTU!*I HOW
1 In hi hands, ami nu breath «»f auspi* :on
as to hss bonoty us purpose. * -'ur**.
* witi be fanmd or rm, uraged in any wav
by any thus* who know him not by a
igttgie one; but meet his ancumenta now
with he* arguments then. To my nund.
after r» ading t»oth. th* 11 and auw. his r* a-
J sons and arguments then are far superior
in logic, in foicr. and in direct explanation
to those* h* now semis forth. He was
then at“*ut forty-three y ar* old. having
‘ served Kentucky in many hixh pl a »•>. .n
* I close o.mmiim«n with his ,'unsiltuvnts con-
Istantiy the rl* . »ri* ity Im tween him and
th* m was kept fresh and warm all the
«ino* h ■ ilH*lh t .-••n ai ! at Its lr*st.
.hi* envirunr.* nth. a!l t«.hl him to lent*
w ,.|j wants of h'*
• I iMo|*|r, and so completely did he • *> this
' I lhal h* •ante to th** s* nat**, and a gi*at
t I mantie f. II upon him. which to wear *as
I honor ami fame • nnirh for any on*. < on-
I front him th*n with hir views and hia
I reasons th*-r f*»r in l»uft and trust to their
‘ u* ght and superiority." <
r j | wiu make v-j other quotation from iba
THE WEEKLY CONSTITUTE, jtA.. MONDAY. JULY 22, 1895.
able, terse an-! characteristic letter of Mr
Attorney Genera! Garland, which some* 1
what anticipates my argument, but "a
s« und stone is never out of place in auv '
stmng •sllrtc**.”
•'lt is not possible there is any real basts -
for the fear aometirnen expressed that
bringing silver hack to Its proper status
will cauu foreign nations tn dump all i
their silver here and smother ns. W’here
Is It. to this extent, to come from’ Who '
has got it? The emptiness of this charge
v.*as fully expose*! by Senator Jones, of
N- va-1 a. In his remarkable sp*ech a verv
pnndect *»f Tnforrnri’;,»ii on this quowt’nn
ami **cgnate questions—delivered in the
Unite,l States senate in October, 1593. ami
in that spe *ch Ft nator Jones showed ron
-■•tisively. if there were grounds for such a
fear. w»- <oul | « aaily by wi<c ind Judicious
isws. protect oursclv«*s against any such
• ff«>rts
•'ls It fair to degrade, demonetize silver,
and th* n complain that it is of little vain**?
This, with all due respect to everybody, is
bordering on the •vul.rnr leg* rdvmain of
sophistry.’ It Is taking advantage of one’s
own ur*»ng. I* is a complaint that one
cannot sec, after himself stirring up a
dust. Tt is the !*»<’•• the wolf ii; **s against
tl*** lamb Ti Is to allege the source of the
stream lias been befouled and poison <1 by
Ils mouth--the effect is put before the
| <-.xns«‘. an l Ind*** -I ’it is to vindicate op
h* point ng is th*- deprivation
w hich oppression has produced.’ This mode
IF C
LISTENING IO SENAIVIi MORGAN. , ’
I <»f sriium-nt lacks that element without 1
I which n-» hiinmii sp»‘- h or enmiu t •*■ <» r |
■ val’i.* or entrled t<» uiiv m**n * nt’s r* *p*•• ’ 1
I itn-i* • This num*. .Hid the w.*i 1 are ;
in. in.iigi !.< • n.*t An-1 ti"
I driven to thi- kn ! *•: a■->« rtiun mu .n the 1
; . . tui.- us till.; -. I* io-ipiw--'. v-G-i • r -I I
i ."'‘.in 1 . 1 ' to II h ; ..'•r' I .' rhi fri. iilH of ,tlv ■ I
1 ti.-. I not Jr ■. > or .. nr i«>i. h Th< >• |
.an me. 1 th.-m : ■ <K-:uily. I am . oi.n ..-.it, |
I on all purls of lhe Kruun.l, an I th. y - ‘ i
I p»?t on th**ir ain ’. and grd the’’ - . 1* • ,r
J the struggle intll it is completed to a finish. .
I "And now an ’h< ’•*, pr’ as ><un as i-us 1-
| bl*, this r*»ntn»v« 1 y >!- uid s* ttlr-l no
; mure »*va ion; no ttv» , e straddling; n*» mor*-
I 1 uFt|*«*ning. The count tv an>i the business
I *.f th* country, r* g trH’s* of fM-rsunal or
party ambition or >u ••*« - . it s»*it.« »l
1 an-i they ar*- entitled <u hav»» it s t-I*4 a v
■iu ki> *-n ’• •*« < i-iu * I
I laws know a’ui un i* rstan-i * .»-h oth' r,
| adjust them: - ■ *es ar.-ofd’.ngly. f<*r not tdl I
j then will th** country in* prosperous ami at .
a** again
"\V*. of the Unit* I States, of nil p*-opl*- *m |
• artn. bv this tiin» might to know, a: -1 I j
think we do know. th< gt at unw . I»*in o.
tampering with an-i dotlging *iu* *tions vital .
to the country. This delay*-*! mm-h n'*»r* 1
and shkncFs. pr, trath.n. paralvsi and
d. nth ar* u-ar .* l and. At mm ii I. 1 [
ventur** to say, d* pend upon th*- a«-ti*»n of I
this •■■:»* an i. with a heart full of
wishes f *r Its complete success, h will. I do
hope, com*- manfully an*! sqitar Iv t » tn*-
w«»rk an l announce its vli wb in no uticer- •
tain terms.”
Ju>llvr I.HiuMr «»n Miter.
Mr Justice I.;;.nat, who was another (
member of Mr. Cl* »* land’s cabinet., i tm u- I
tion wiih as muit* pride as any Georgian •
could -this eminent and heroic naim an-i
ti>« illusti. us man who b,-r*- it with bonor
to bis country ills great and lion, st iniiui
was always uj»«*n to the truth as an honor
< I l i st, .in i h!s jM>w* rs of p* i»* 11 ali'-u
and i» il* • tion were equal to an* übtil*- duh-
• culty. as hui cuuiage was equal tu any
iil.«dovvd friend. Senator Walthall. <d
Mi-sis. ij»t ». who ha worn the triple crown
of li-»n«*r. «xp’*B*ed in three cumin ssiuns,
as s* nab*r. :w.» ot th* m. al th- same tun* ,
vote*! always fur th* fr« coinage ol s.i*« t.
Kuo *mg that lie ha-i stal.-d that Lamar
had • hanged hi.-i opml »n on th,- silver q»i -
i t ..n aft* x «• left the renal'- to go U|m»h tin
i supreme court ot th** I i»‘i*‘d Stxites,
I wrote t*» Senator Walthall and ask- d him
fur a stat, nu til of the facts. I will real
his i.tt tin I’p’x t° : ... __ . ,
"Grenada M: . Jul> \ ISJ*S. My I” »r
q .. ; |. U tl • ftth imtaut i- eived.
Ti>- inark*-d passage in th'- inclosed • xtract
1 contain.- a • anservative statement ol Mr.
lositiun on the silver question, as
I «l*nv* d i» from frequent *-,»nv* rsatiuns
with n m some of them nut long b fore ins
death
"He did not advocate the adopt!* n or the
single gold st indard in Li great speech on
tli Mmtlows resoluiion. and i h« *n»*:-
j t.*incd >u*h a view at tha t-m . h- »'»
uoiit-t' -ii* r< v*-rswl It MMD" time b fore h*s
d*atlx. . . a
"With best wishes, your Fin* •r* trh-n 1,
WALTHALU
I 1 "To S*jjator Morgan."
-I Ti-- Mi-v.itig is th.- st.if* m»*nt referred
to in the lrtt» r I have Just read:
••This is the very question, which .11 1
produ-•-<! the t« in|»oi:*ry jar, Hie only ufie
lhat *v. r uccurre-i i « ’w* . n th* p* * ple of
M*s* l "F som*. <»f them, and my *a-
* m. nud 4 r dce.sso-, Mr Lamar, who be
-1 fore an . afterward was lie r favorite I**ad-
* *r It will i»* 1 --membered that he voted Hi
I this i d* gainst the tr*-*- .-oinage of i ilv« r
r in violation »f the instructions ui the l« kls
-1 lature ,-f Ins stat, . ami was ufl-rward ui»nn-
iimiusl* jx-*d*< i**i, alter a brilliant * im
t ;..im nin whi* hh- boldly and triumphantly
‘ lustiti* d his course. ’’
"Th*- vi- ws *»f tins great man always had
P - uliar wei :hl with in*. and in this <*>n
nert:un 1 may be pardon* d if I >«V ,i,a |
r in contending for b'ii>*-taßlsm to-i*y . red
* that 1 am_ sup|*orte*l b.v his expressions t-»
’ me not long before his death, ami previous
: Iv to oth rs. as wa ll as to myself, of cordial
’ icquies* nev in the bimetallic poll ■* •’
; whi- h he said h< consider* I the
1 1 i his part* •***-!, committed. **ith the
-iuty *• ! tu Im- jm rfornt* -I <»f removing tire
remaining *iisturl»ing element by re-adjust-
i mg the ratio.”
. tier- is a Rowland for Mr. < arils!** s Oii
? **!. ari l we »*f tii* gulf coast know how
4 v.eli Mr Lamar was entitled to con ltd* n«-e
in iii> masterly abilities and bis onjeien-
4 tiuus courage.
r It is .airni's*d. Ido not know how truly,
that Nir Hill, of N* w York, voted for tie*
> free coinage us silver *n IW-, st lhe ratio
of 16 to 1. only in a Pickwickian sense. Sin-
I away of voting may bv In vogtn In a stat
where the democratic party is divided ini 0
I "snapper” and "anti-snapp* r’’ facUor( v
I where one leader "Knups" and tip oti <
1 leader "anti-snaps." and between th- t
! the partv is consign* *1 to Jonas's quarV
in the belly <»f the republican whale.
I Mr. liill whs forced into such a voyage
| the "anti-snappers ’ in IW2, it may be saf*.
rub ulat«*«l that h<* will kick himself ’
shore again in due season. All great bo*li
; when they move, proceed in circles, nbd
Mr. Hill is not f<-r ,fi< *> coinage of silver.M
we shall know the fact when the great tern- 1
p st of IS!*5 has swung around its circle—
prolxablv not sooner. But niy faith in him is .
such that I shall expect to Pnd him in com- ’
pany with Salisbury, It; 11-uir and Goschen |
in at least ah app: ••\inret :■ n to the dr man is •
of th*- p »»pl<* ot the world forth.- restora
tion of silver to tire industrial millions who ,
toil f - hum** and -r- n 1.
Creditor nod Debtor Mutes.
New York and the New Eng la ml states,
recently Increased in financial power by the
annexation of N-w Jersey and P li
warc. are old suites, with great
reserves of money *”h ' endit. which seek a
market in the ricnest fields of th* south and
west. No ni.-'tt'-r how th- v hav<* gain* *
this ascender*.v nvc Virginia, the Caro
linas and Giorgi *. t» -ir sister rebels of
1776, or by what arts of taxation and appro-
1 prlaihm they Lav ■ grown so rich, they are 1
J J.t-i t.H-s as Englami Is a ■ reditor J
retinay. and they u.- »• th**ir powci »-v**r j
‘ th»dr -'.Kutr si. >■ r st-ites us Gr**«t B’i«ain (
us*’H hci> ■*v«-r th* wh*»l» Am :i* .»n p ; q■)* • ;
i 1 d*» not wonder that th-?. th*- same ;
I tlnan -iai sch- tn- s of iegkdatlon that Great
I Hr-tain • -mplo* to «>n *»hdal thvir pow*r
| and make it p*-rp dual, but 1 d«» w n let -..nd
j Fevre t il.at the uuti* In;; stat-s, not yet
' indu-h-1 in this g at. I syndicate «i guld-
I ab.on.ing states. .* -.»*»uid fail t-> command
th.- ub- li-nvr of- .ingress an-l the ext-uiiv*.
to th-- lav. Wa hav*- *aa •!<•*! fur t h»- r*-li*-f
( tins ,|* *.-!.* inc and p- ril-uis sltua’l -n. Above
ail I |»? >tesi that th** single gedd standard |
of "Oi-. L! e and kcal tender nioii.ty s»i.hi i
not b»* foisted upon the d*-moi ratio party. |
as the tru. cre ed, aga.nst th often re-*»f i- .
« j vote of a ma.t" ity of more than two- .
tbit*' us the *l* in.!a:s in both houses ol -
. -?*ar'*-> -lurinc tie* past twenty year*, xm l i
I a -t th** unbroken vol -of th*- party }
I . J f!« rson and his .•iiteTiip.-rark.s vs- ’
1 tablishe.l the free colna-.- of silver, a* a re- j
{ s :v» d right of th* people, in all th** lan- ;
I guage vxi»iis : >’*d in the « unstitution ur ini- |
1 pl: 1 from lhe rurroundmi; facts. In th* |
1 light <»f which all laws are* to be Inter- I
I pi* t« d. ’
- hr Cleveland, in hi. tiiian- ial policy, h * •
I au*--.-d with tiiv in r.e astern state;- ’
furnish the candidates tor the n •’
d« nt ratic party, an-i I - t th- .a*
‘ of tin national r* puhh- an part
demands, along with them, th.q
issue shall b*- considered ajatx
|ab*»v«- party creed.- and ail pait...'
and that th*- "solid >outh' ti..*
1 for him solidl.* in thr u- u>n»
I tuuib shall be broken 1
I It he will break all that w %
1 to his power. We will still star t
th" P nip* st has swept ov- r u? ’
found broken only when v.v ar.-,
posts, wh*n- we have s<» long a*
fuli* battled for th* old d**iix« X
under the (lag <»f J« ff. rson and
h.* will find us read* for the fic
tion with n * r.-pub.l n, ni
Br.tish goats in our t!,»- k.
I am gjat» iul to Al’. <*lev«T" '
ar- -fur sh.ii .ig wuh us sum* . **•
( power,
best-ree.i upon him and his fr 4 .**n->. 1 , '
silv* r m n and the friends of th- s. rat - tar p
iff Uixmk ium *arex<-*tl\ fur putting I imxir >*
xox-1 Garland In hk* first «-abin*-t. and for
pl i- tug in his nt - an I cabinet thr* " cr* -
t v !*•- from tho soul out of eight, »a» n at
the t-oubl*- of b.-'iig obl 2»*d to -*-»nv*rt ’wo
of th*-tn to th- mugwump creel, it xvas
an act of great magnanimity toward S- ■
r-tary Uarli; !- lhat. after he was a < an li
*lat- agatnat Me t'lev'land in IM»2 and w -s
th»» h ading favorite with the silv* r men, he
should be •« l • t- d for «o Important a place.
Thia waa nut dune, however, until Mr. *’ar
lisie had changed Hunt on tire silv r qu --
tion, and voted again- : tin- bill f-»r tree
-•ulna - in the senate, ait-.r he hud vot’d
for it in the h >use, or was paired in av -r
of that measure. 1 would hare lik ! Mr.
Clev* land better il. after having dviioun *« d
the senate for amending tile Wilson I- 11. he
had rot «-0i..-ivncd th* s* nat- tariff bill to
th»* obloquy of his sovereign contempt by
refusing to sign it, when «■*»•»•* *,» m**« at in
the s< nat*’. Hiv** on**, voted for It Y*-t. w«‘
-hou! I not grieve ov* r that, for his sih-n»
contempt so" tb*»* no nsun seems to b* xil
r* j*d\ changed into tumultuous hosannahs
in all the ramp* of mugwumpery.
<Har Supposed I’rospvrily .
It seems to b** rh *dly ba-.*• lon borrow- I
m- .-y. The fhio.reM <•»!*• burrowed un 011*1
bond* will not list long when tae riirren.
deficit .n the tre-asuiy is +1 daily. I
Th*- silv- r section ol th* S’, man a d <vl*
JS’.s* was r« p*-akd July 11. IV. 1 The
ation ot « oidi k n-*- •* « withheld until th|l
spring of IVG. when it Wgan to bud. Two
e.»t’on < .«>p* and two wheat crops an I m ’
Ik»ns of our silver had b« • n bought a? L-»n- J
don prices th" lowest *»n -»r*i. \V-‘ had I •
r««m* Sv- <k-pr» ss« d with tire vast abuii ! ;i - .
of our **rops that th-* gre at majority of A
dmio- ’a’s in th* hou • vot-<1 foi ag- ii- iai L
law of bankruptcy. It < aim to tin* s* nnt**. 11
,| U. 11' ted that if th" bank w■■ > d
ui. »- K ih-lr vaults and ma.-**’ m ' ■ 1 K
there* would be no need of a bankrupt law (t
\\ • pref-rred to put a silv r k»y into th*'
hands *»f the pc-»pl<- that wouhl unlo- k tl
banks if they still refused to show th ijx
< . n’i i* pee In th" laboring j»* opb*. an-i ! ' 'ji
th«dr rr..»n- .• for the ganibl rs in bonds xi
stocks an*l fo*> 1 /
The b. nk! sav. tl;. I an-iwi itin; J
wall, ami it was Interpreted to 'heinj
aitini-l- of the s<nat*- s»nd iu manf*
conventions of th. poop I , like 0.5
demon ration ; tb*\v op* n* d up
count d* tks and money became f»j
his delayed. how* v» r, until our last crops ,
wheat and cotton had gone into the
Ownership of the speculators, who made ,
tore than 2 cents a pound profit on < ur cot- :
| n. ami mor** than 20 cents ft bushel on .
Ihvat. In th** m*ai*time the Semite tariff
Ml had mov-d the wh cis of industry and .
. y b. gati to have th*- dead center of parttl
<is. Uuntid'.-n *• in manufactures an*! trade
as inspired by that law ami "th-* bears
•1 Wall street c >uld no long r hold down
the markets
Th* restoration of confidence through the
1 repeal of the silv» r clause in the Sherman
la-w ha-I prored to be a dream of dlsap
pointnv nt. am! the certificates Issued under
W were convene*! into gold obligations by
the fatal option of th*- secretary of the
treasury These alone required 1H10.000.000
( t s Kol-i coin for th* !r redemption. Tin y
w-r** gather**-* up and presented for re
demption. Bonds were issued in a year and
a h 'lf to the amount of JIM.UW.’jOO to tcil
nn- •• th*' equation, -ind this is the real on
: ;.rin • th* legitimate fruit o* amenoing j
the Sherman law. under th • pr‘tens of re
p ;,l.i:g the "cowardly makeshift.’
If cause and effect have any logical re
lation the tinkering with the Sherman law
nnd the r fusal of th*, government to fur
nish the p*-opk‘ with means to enable th*m
tn delay th** sale *»f crops at
wax th- rexil cause of the Issue of st6o,<)oO.frM
of bonds.
I do not take any prla® in the »rav-
els of SW.(M)O.W> of these bonds tn London,
in th.* keeping of our assistant f*•••rota.
r> of th. treasury, to i•• signed th« r<*
and delivered to the Rothschilds. and
1 *n ».-*• n<» profit in selling th-m at I*R!t, 1
, v.hi-ii they w*-rv worth 12«»; b it i charge no 1
evil nt« nt upon any one for making this •
I child’s bargain. Its absurd.ty .s a strong
pi*a for its tnnoceney.
I tut, as a democrat, I object that no I
l.i w gives authority to any ulli<’iai to in- '
•-hide In a contract, for the sale of bonds. !
th. s.*h of the obligation of the goverri
nn nt to tiiosv purchasers, that ’hey should j
have the ♦‘.■•liisive opt n to buy my al- |
uit onal ssue »f bonds until Octob »r, l*!‘f». |
. It is a serious humiliation that our gov
j < rnnirnt resort* d to a sale of such an j
[ obligation. It placed the sovcieign power
of the I’nlted States to borrow money •
•a th t) th- <• »nt d ... p.-rs <»me of them
for* gners. and loaded It with a pirole
•*f honor to k- ep th • protn’.-e, without r •-
gar.l to the it -li. i! n«-.-.-ssjti--s of th coun
ty. .ven if we should be involved in war
with their country. The truisi-inn .s
w hout preced- tit o: Jus’ P-i'on, an I It
has at. odious flavor of subservi o'’l 0 '’ 1 y, w h* n
p.vm a foreign .syndic.it.- ’ » •pr-vei : a I
r#' i .;poii our trea-un f.i- go| I.
*. government that pays forei mer
kir’es to protect it from harm has no
.unship tn that gov-r «r«- • r »t *|.r
--* States which was gloriously mde-
• fop m«. t han » -mi I- '. .
sorts .!• ; . t ire ’li t c-n
--’us. d to give the pres.dt nt the
B t » Issue gold bonds.
.*• Dciuiiikl tor I.old ll*.ii«ln?
< to his < obstruction of the duty
ted St it n paying them, all
and obi.galioiis are payable in
v, tneii. should the piesi-
<nd ot cuiigr* ss the au-
i.s -Us builds. expressly
gui i coin, and accompany
with a threat th. t, if th- de
ntil ace:-j. d i. h* wouiu st 11
"under 'hr resu np m .» t at a
of mivi st, wa.cn tn..an* a
. urn. t’oiigrvs:; was quick to <1»-
ii.s demand for gold bonis, th.
of all out securities into gold
for we could not make 'flesh
id fowl of am.th* r.” and. if cun
<ould 5 '■el l. there would result an
j] -i enactment that there was not an
' J parity between g-dd and s.lver
.> K \. under th au. although gold ir-i
-n - were both a full :• U tender.
it w -s ru*y enough for the uresident to
h'vc avowed that th if was not his par
pus. in demanding the issue of gold bonds
by act of cons . s. it was to get con
gress to drnoui.ee silver as unsound money,
in eompa isoa with gold, that this un
pr • • ; ..t- j threat wus made.
This s not the sort of bo I -in* ss in policy
and canu- r .n re.-omn:. nd ition that we
- \p ■ t from a democratic pr« a. lent of the
111 led S' It s It does not reach the nigh
mark claim* I Mr. Cleveland by hiR
most anient friend*.
Tib g .at subp-ct. with ts American
au I Hurup* n nv-dvementw, would defy any
united
States, we have a start n t point in the
• list u.-s.on which begins w th the const l
tu’ion of our country, and it ••nfs there.
a i ail such as r. -p • t the guarantees
of that instrum nt in securing the rlghlts
res rvr I to th*- people.
X - -nr government is popular and free,
an i was mad.- to secure th*- r ghts of the
mainly ;i b- u< ihe powers
of those in aul tori:y, the proper con
i’- i on of its pow.-r.s is to be liberal in
' •- of th. right* rc.-M-rvcd, p»- sonal y
» ‘ho people, and strict, as to th. |H»wera
?• legated to the servat is of the people,
’ lu lim: the eurigr- ss and the president.
1 With these rub s .n ni.n l. 1 will attemp
it th< . xjx nse of your patience, I fear, to
sent my views on :h.- real pivot il points
• n which <iu llnaa tai . \ stem hinges. 1
ml .11 ins n”a'i- ns that have be. n ma le.
<.\’on by the pr. -id.-nt. ihat an> <! rnocrat
-u. r a i-. kr n ' . an adv. ate for
- cap or unsound mom c.
'i’n.- ar--•-am and - r-1 a sumption is
’’»> \ intend. 1 ro have a man’s opinion con
I . a.- I. ■; •••'■ .i 1 nine on the facts.
I ’ -< i fils b-u’i ' ,: .»n in t.rms that
# r. central emmeh to defy dcfln’tlon. which
. xpe.-t.-d to go current h< ius • of the
irpposed high authority of him
• utters it. In fries .»f w.r.
have issued mom v by the authority nf
■r.iz -d gov* rnincnis that could not be
mod. sinh as our continent.J money
h paner issm-d ;.s money by the Cnn
c And during our civil war
treasure not.-s in circulath n that
••th mil lie cents on the dollar.
•'ll that “unsound” money,
'trenffth of Our t redlt.
but gold and silver coins can
’n of a domestic war when the
. whole country is involved. I therefore dis
card these instances from th«» argument
I and will not discuss what money Is sound
: except in the sense of being espial in cur
rent value in tie United States, where our I
legal tender laws make equal every gold
silver and paper dollar Issue i by the I nited
Plates. It Is a paltry accusation or an un
rthy fear tw speak of unsound money
i as being issued by a country whose bonds
are at 20 p*r cent premium; that has pai l
nearly U.OOO.WU’OO on her public debt in
thirty years and whose resources dtfj mis
management, and whose people prosper
even under the severest taxation ami in
spite of lawu hostile to production and the
wages of labor, and triumph over every
adversity.
I will try to show why this bread state- :
meat is true, and what is the real source
of mir financial power and the best means
of preserving it.
Our annual yield of gobi and silver va
ries but slightly from a year,
i if v.t» owed no debts this annual sum, ir.
• legal tender coin, added to a< < umulafc.t
I r oney would be ample to keep in opera-
I tion and t -w .rd with profit every industry
| that <<ur population needs. But we a.e
I deeply In debt not from necnsslty, but to
I st stain a rapidly progressing dcvelopin.nl
i and as that debt and its growth byway of
, Interest must be taken care ot. our alt* n
tion Is. therefore, drawn first to this need
for l<■•;;*l tender money, and th* second ne
cessity of Increnrlng its volume by asso
ciating it in banking with public or pri
vate credit.
In this dlcuFslon I am compelled, through
respect for your comfort and patience to
emit the consideration many point-* tnat
ar- hold tn be important by the advocates
of a stniri* gold coinage as the only pri
mary tnon -y of the United States—-the only j
money cf redemption.
If in the wide ram o that Is given to the
d F.-m Mon of this subject, there is a pivotal
poln*. as 1 am sun th-re is. it is found
in the constitution of "ur country. In its
tin ’ejpr-d form, it is found anm. g th. v-i
array of p*r.-*onal rights and lib. rties that
“are reserved to the peopl* ” by that or
g-tni • law. I: is. in that form, sm-b a right
as an Individual ran have and enjoy and
I tho government cannot exercise because of
r • r-h for lartance, as the right to
Lari'..' d’deg.at* - to this convention <»r to
v to in this body through Its postmasters.
rn. nils or oth *r *4ll ••♦ rs, from president to
tide v.alt.r-. th*» right to encage in the
trade or pursuits of the people; to open
and work mine’, even o> government
h.. Is to rnim for topper, ni-dc ! or g*d<l
and silver, for the supply cvm of the tr'as-
1 i.rv. 'those rights are res rved to th* peo
ple bv our constitution, and are. th* n fore,
furbidd.-n to the gov .niuciit, although io
nnn on is made vs them in that instru
ment.
A Mint Is a Mill.
The government of tnv United States can
not make money by in.mug for g >id bullion,
as any jn-rjuti may de by digging gold at
Dahlon.-ga and having it coined at tae
mint, as the law now Is. The mining must
lw done bv some man, and the gold is rc
|eas« d from its prison in the rocks at the
point of his pick; and when the gold is
li. j - obt lined th«- miner tn ds a mint pro
vided by law. with a sworn superintend
ent, and In- demands ilia I his g' Id r hail be
coined into money, and it is d eie, and t •
.. u is turned over to the own-r of the
i tulli.-r. a.’ a gt:st of i-.: in, nn.-l* into dour.
! is turn d over tu the farmer who grew tt e
<< rn or vxir-at. The milkr does not own
i the llot.r, nor the wheat, nor the corn. Ine
• ow-uishlp has not been affected b> the
I pr..c —of grinding. f>o it is with gold a
j th < mt. it <• ‘b-ty ot the ..overnm- i.i
under *he constitution, to coin tris goal
i uno pieces <’t t terlain weight and tine
l ii-\ s and io put a certain st imp upon ih>-ni.
N..w, 1 in Id that the guv rmneiit v .nnol
coin this miner's goi'l and hand it ba k t>
, him and then jay io him tnat hy shall
not use it in the payment of his d< »t- un
i less his <r< iitor shall agree to a< ■’••pl i.
i Such a provisi'-n woule annul the wn- i
value of gold coin as moii
}ev and would leave It as bul
| lion, weighed and stamped, Lut still not
<
i Now. th- piv .ial point in this a tol *on-
i v. r ing tin ■ bullion into mom y s Uie m.-
| parting a oin value to it. so that it ■•'-
i e.ur.er the redeemer ot promises ol a.i
; promises to pay m ney. That m-ans that
■ there is giv*-j» to the bullion, by the a< t •
I coining it. the fiat, or guaranty, ot thy gov
ernnimt that It shall b<* the final ami .-.m
puisory redeem of debts, obligations and
promises, w hether they are public or pi •-
v.-.tr That -s h gal t i.d. r money. sow.
I would as lawfully ‘V to ‘- urn I,k
-or th.- | Old
san-b • enacting a la v for tnat ;• t’!-
as J would enact a law to rob g'»i 1 >■ ■! ’-
' of their legal tender pow. r or to ink’’ I.y/n
I tin- gold miner ins ri. hi to hav« h s uulhon
I coined into legal tender money.
The KIkI.I To < •••■> Woory.
! This is the essential value us that re- ’
; served right, and it could oniy b. an act < f
; g.os. tyranny t » atniuge tm- or to
; <ieatn>j it- These same riebta are lue to
' the owners ol silver i illiun as th--y are to
the owners of gold I nil .'ii as “ruihts r<-
se. to the people' under the constitu
tion. _
1 wish that 1 had the time to fully <.i>-
CUss tins point, but I ' in '»:dy |.-t. ■ t«. a
lew undisputed facts to prow it. 1 will
state them with the greatest possible brev
ity and have it to you to draw your own
I conclusions from ttivin
1. As early as l<k>2 the colony of Massa
chusetts had a mint foi the ir. .- • '.mag •
of silver money, aml all the colonies had
in lep. ndtni coinage laws.
2. A few years later, n the reign ol
Charles 11, the king yielded to the peo’de
of the realm the prciogative of the crown
to own ail mim s ol precious nn-ials, ami ne
granted to them the right to hive gold and
silver coined al the mints, on equal terms,
and free from charges.
3. Under this great concession to th*' peo
ple, which no oth'T sovereign in t’hristvii
d«;tn had made, the sub.ee'.-4 of Greui Brit
a n, in their own right, furnished g«dd and
silver money to the realm and tin y and the
government prospered beyond ail other na
tions.
4. This right existed in full force in favor
nf the people of the colonies when We be
cani* an independent powa-r.
b. It wiin a great and p« uliar right and .
power which ianku4 among our personal ;
lilwrtfes. f
6. What did our fathers do with th s in
herited right? Bid they destroy it. or did
th-y pr-s< iv< it .’ Th* answer is. that ow
ing to its importance it was protected and
enforced by special provisions in that in
strument, as was the rase, also, of the writ
of habeas corpus, th.- right of trial by jury
and the right of free worship and other
rights.
7. The special provision so made was the
mandatory jiov.'ei piv. n to congn-ss to com
money and regulate the value thereof. At
that time gold ami silver coms were both
included in the meaning »f the word money
and the power to com money was not in
tended to refuse coinage to either gold or
silver, but to pi -serve this great right of
the people as t then existed. Tie* consti
tution destroyed none of the rights that
were compris’d in th*- liberties of the Brit
ons. But. as I have air*-ad? po.nt.’d < ut.
the Vit.ii •i« >m-!it of the coins- .msist* in
their compulsory I. gal tei' b-r pow : ih:s
lg expressly pi serv< I in the ei..-t.tuuon
In th’s language, found in article 1. s. • « ui i
10: “No stale shall ♦ • • mak* anything
but gold and silver coin a tend-r in | ay
ment of debts.” Here the coins of gold
and silver that congress .s empowered to
make under article 1. section X, are de
scribed as i*-gal tender money.
If congress, therefore, provides for the
coinage of any legal tender money it can
not coin silver, to the exclusion of gold, or
gold to th* exclusion of silver without vio
lating a plain inbmetiou of the constitu
tion. 1 d » not deny that congress can do
such a th rig. but i do say that i‘ ma> as
well refuse io pr«»vide, by law. for ih • is
sue of writs of habeas corpus or for trial by
jury
And, for the same reason, inc r -ius.ti ol
free <•■• nage to th* h » dvrs of gold, whil • (
- vng it . » the tioi-i'-i s «.f silv w c:‘ 1 .
be an abuse of paw. r that can find no ‘
iustill a: on.
In providing a supply of legal tender i
money for the people of this free !• -public. .
it was the inient -n of th-- founders of
th* government th »t it should n>t • 1
limited to one metal, but shou I include !
the free co.nage of both me: •
This la »h* c|a in I to to ■ ;> •. 1- ' s j
«.f the constitution in favor of th** penp'v.
which wer»- embodied and enforc-i in 0.,i I
first co nage law. .ipprwed »y ;♦• ? ■_•* |
In 1T92. i • ■ '
summier It »n *h»- command of Jo'. » Snr !
•nan or •-•ven of Grov r <’ieve}an l.
As I b*l vv»- the question now oefore :’ie I
country is wh.thc we sh -’l b. foi •<•.! ■■• -k
tn the s.tuatlon we were pl.: •. 1 hi by the
J. of 1573. I desire io present t.» y.-ur
vj.'W the danger to our rights which rank
with the most Important of our liberties.
if we yield the constitutional protection of
the law of legal tender.
I do not believe that any paper money -
' can be a constitutional legal tender for
I a deb*
■ The surpeme court of the United States
| has d*cld*q that paper promises to pav
coin, issued by the government, are a legal
tender, and we are all hour. 1 to obxy the
decis on. hut 1 am not bound to believe It.
Nor do I believe that th* tax nf 19 per cent
on the issues of the state banks is a con
stitutional tax. nor that th*’ n-om.- tax
Is imronstitut (-nal. hut we are ill bound to
obey those decisions.
But I do believe that gold and silver
coins of the United States are full legal
tender, under the constitution, whatever
, congress may say. J state these proposi
tions, not because they are necessary t*> '
the argument, as to the j>ow*-r of gold ’
and silver as legal tender money, but t >
illustrate the power that belongs t » all
leg-il tender money, whether silver, gold
or pap*r. even if we do not admit its
rightfulness.
Only Power.
The only actual pow. r money has is the
power to pay a debt.
A contract is complete when th* parties
express the.r assent to its terms. !f it is
a contract io pay money, the amount of
legal tender money will pay it. that is
stated in the ag eemvnt. and the debtor
can compel rhe creditor to accept it. If
he refuses, the court will as<*erta n the
amount that is due him, in dol’ars, and
will satisfy the judgment, so th.it he can
take th*- money so tendered, or go avay
empty, as he may choose.
No greater liberty, and none more just
exists, than the r v:ht of th d* htor to ■
comp»d the creditor to fake legal t* nd. r
; inom-y in payment of any debt, demand or
! obligation he is bound to d.«‘-har..- .
In all cfvilize<], free countries, where per. ■
; son&i liberty is at ail vain j, tn-- laws p o
tect the debtor from me natural rapacity
of the creditor.
Th* dlvme law taken up this subject and ;
makes respect for this protection a personal
duty of religion.
The jubilee was estabHahed by v ■- ■ - • •
prevent Jewish cr*‘ li’.rs from oj»p --«ng
their brethren. It was a statute of 1 mita
‘ on upon all indebtedness; it gave the
right of redemption by the mortgagor of
lands, and restored bondsm- n who had been
sold for deb». to their r >-r:V. To these
statutes we have add J large exemptions .
of property from sale under ♦ xecution. and
have abolished imprisonment for debt. We .
punish usury with lu ivy forfeitures, ar.!
are frequently resorting to the laws of
bankruptcy to exi nguish all th- Indebted- (
nrss us unfortunate m* n. In this way at
’east we qualify ours- Ives to repeat with
slnce-itv the Ix-.r-l’s prayer. “Forgive us ,
our debts, as we forgive our debtors."’ ’
Ge »rg:a was th*’ first asylum for .mpr so*i
. 1 debtors. Oglethorpe open’d th«- prison
doors of England and brought th* poor ’
debtors to his colony at Savunnah. Ogle- •
thorpe was the Muses and Georgia was
th” “promised land” of the creditor’s bonds
■ •
I believe In maintaining th* s- -urlty of
d”bts and the inv of contracts,
and that they should be paid in one com
mon legal tender money, which th* debtor
! Is bound to pay. and the creditor s equally
bound to accept. If the bond or treasury
note of the Unit ’d States is payable, as
they are always payable, in coin. I be- <
11. ve. Indeed I know, that it is both hon-
st. lawful and moral that the hoi ler of ■
ruch s. curit es should be wiling to accept
that sort of coin, whether of silver or goM.
that is thus n a med and described In the •
terms of The contract; and, if he wishes to
v -date bis agre-mer: by refusing t<» com- •
ply with it. he should b* compelled to i - ,
cept It. If no spec al com is named in the
contract, it is payable in any full legal i
tend*** '-oin. at th A op? on of the
T again state that the only real power j
that money has under the law is The ,
power to pay a debt, and it is only through I
The legal tender laws that this power, in
its compulsory form. Is available.
In what* ver currency, wliethvr foreign i
or dome.silc. whether g- Id. silver, or pa- !
p -r. ad» Lt is measured, or expressed, it is
pavablc. under our constitution, in dol
lars and parts of dollars. The articles
■»f «onf*-l< ration ar.4 the law* e-.,<»et .
und< r th.-in made dollars and cents th*
m -n.-y of account, and article 7 of the
a.iundments to the constitution fix*-s the
sum of “twenty dollars” n the lowest limit
of the right of trial by jury.
No court in the United States can law
fully rentier a judgment for a sum >f
mon*-v in pounds, shillings and pence or In
narks or frm<s. .All money judgments
must be rendered in dollars. Th*-y must
!>♦• dollars that an- a lawful ten ! -r. Why .
To prevent the <l»-bt«»r from paying in de
preciated currency that may b* call*- 1 dol-
:*nd t*» prevent the creditor from d*-
tirundiixg payment in currency that is |
worth a premium over legal tender dol- I
lars. or. In some coin of a foreign country •
that is ditli' ult to obtain.
Urblor him! Creditor Ibpial.
In framing uur constitution the conven
tion waj taretui to protect both .ho ur
and creditor m these vital points, and it
took Horn the slate** the power to enact
legal ten ier laws* except only that th* y
r. lnt make "gold and silver coin 1- gal
tender.
No more important provision could De
maue in the organic law, whether il relates
to the governmeul. or the p*-opl*-. tnaii ;
was done by this exercise of one of the •
highest powers of reignty, m coining
jnoney in.o dollars and in giving to them
compulsory power in, making payment of (
d» uts. public and private.
it was provided lor. lixed and made
permanent in the constitution, as one of
the essential guards us the hta*rties of •
th* people and as an indispensable exer
cise us sov* reign power, without which t
the United States government would have ,
been utterly imbecile.’ . 1
Th* legal tender power, that Is, the
<•>»mpuls<»rv jM»w«-r • inun.-y n the pay
ment of debts, is that, alone, which <us- .
tingukhvs between money, as it is known
tu the constitution, and a commodity, or a i
promise to pay m-.i.y. as it if kn »wn to
. •miner. * a id commercial law. Money ’
that a credit*«r Is not compelled to re- i
ceive in payment of a debt, is not money j
within tne meaning us the constitution, j
It is not money, such as a sh. riff or f
I marahal can receive In satisfact...r. of a
1 jud meiit f-'r tn*- colic, tion of which be
I holds an’. xecution. in h!« hands.
Silver coins and gold coins that are not •
i a I'gal under lor d«-bt are simple bullion, i
• Their value is created by contract, and
not by the command of th* la"
Mexican silver dollars and go 11
sovereigns are just that kin 1 ot money |
in Hie United States. At horn.- th. v ar..-
money, lavause they an- h-sal tender for
th.dr full face value In the payment of
' When the framers of our constitution j
conferred upon eonttress the power to coin
momy. that power was a useless thing |
without the further power to make itt a ,
legal tender In payment of debts. That
further power was given in th- words to
"r-KUlate the value thereof, and of foreign ■
coins" The value of the coins, whether
domestic or foreign, was to Is- r-gulated :
bv living the relative weight ar I fineness (
of the metal, as between iff. rent j
classes of coins, and by giving to them the I
compulsory power of legal t- ml-r.
Uorelgi, <Olli. One* la-sr- I tender. f
For many years, during whieh »ur gold and
d’d Imp •! >o f-re-g '■ <•">• • '• ■'!> *.-1 I and
.-liver, the compulsory power ot legal
h r money. That policy was attci wards
,-ha;--red. and foreign coins ‘'-’d onlj .ne
commercial value of the pure bullion they
contained. „
Th. re was a lion In the path of congress
<n creating legal tender mon- y. that lia-l
to la- removed. It was toe right oft: •>
states to declare what should i-‘ a legal i
under in the priynmnt of d* l -'-
They had used this pew-- eon when
thwer.’ <■ >l«.t4*s. ami r <irl> • n ’ |
of them ha<i its own mints and i’« uwn
banks and mad- Its own 1■; .1 tender .aw -. ,
Some of them mad 1 cal tetm.-r . I : -I-<
and .oanskuts. This had to U et-ar-.yl.
anti it was done by giving to <■ ?■► •
and . velusive is-.-, r to e.-m mom y .ml
| r. gul-ite th. value th-T.of, ana to •"’l'art
• to th.s* coins lli.it real an 1 vital .
thicb was tm- l .al ' ' ■ ,f. . -mnul-
! ary pow.r to pay d. bts. And to i-n for-
I ever at rest the p .w. r t- > •' '’A , : Z
Id-rm. n. y, which th- ”»’■ » h ?!? *V T,"',
I th* «’unstit’iti'*T» ol the • ad » l
States provided that no Ftate shall ’’make
i at .It d»g l ilt gold Hid silver *<in a leno, r
: m payment of debts.”
I ll.lv, th*n. is an de.'laratbm of
j th.- rutMtituti. n that gold coin ami Fdv. r
ruin uro l-otii I gal tender. Buy bovli
!>t sscsh the compulsory J**t! puxing p .w.i.
I and it i*quir. i that p-»u r to mak. either
' of then' .- u h nt n--y as c*»? , g’"*ss vas * 1.1-
i.<,wei.-l an l required .to coin, n hen c«*n
’•ress gives to thes* ..» d. I*'•>?-’ than tu.i i* -il
tender p »w.-r it \ t’n -• » i-’ ’u: m.
it refuseg to tire a vital pow* r of g vern
n.vnt conferred ujKia it for th* bent li* and
security of the people in their essential
personal rights and liberties. If oongr**
can refuse the legal tender power to gol<
coins, it cm also refu.se it to silver. If
It cun refuse this power to one coin, it can
refus* It to both, and deprive the people
entirely of legal tenner coins. It could
take away the vital quality of debt-paying
money from both corns, and that would de
me netizi- both metals. It is needless to
Fay that in su»’h a case the debtor would
b* in slavery to his creditor and that only
by his indulgence could h* De ever re
-I**as< *1 from this bondage. H • would ha ve
no power to become a free man. But I will
J i’ ♦- you Tn think <»v- r and work out the
dangers and distress of that situation. When
* ou,h a man wi*< f* farm is wurta si.uw> < * r
pay a debt of |I,(MMJ s urel ty a mortgage
upon it otherwise than by giving up his
farm to his creditorT
It is manifest, then, that the vital powtr
of mon *y is its debt-paying legal tender
jcwcr. One element of this puw» r is that
it Fhall be coined by the United States
and another eh-mvnt is that only gold and
Rilv r coins can be made a ieg<il tenuer—at
least, by any state.
% (anally to Hie
When both these metals ar- thus distinct
ly «it--I;■ by the constitution to be money
m*tals that can alum Im* cum*-.! aF l» gal
tender money, and vhen th.s essenti tl
a
j»cwer to pay debts bears s» directly upon
those whose business in life, whose neces
sities, and even tneir misfortunes, shall
Homttin.es force th*m to become debtors
j to the more fortunate, or the wiser, or the
n eaner people with whom they must have
dealings, it is an inexpressible cruelty to
rtrike down one or both of these metals as
a legal tender. The congress that «io«-s
that evil and ruinous woik. and the men in
authority who demand and uphold it are
a'.h*.. j vrv’it.iK th* character ot our
:ii»«’»-n s. and the oarkness of th« ir guilt is
all the more hideous b* ause it falls as a
shadow upon the poor and the heli less.
*n»> n.«» ? tn ust uie.r *oll> heads above
thia Io -i thai ■ .1 low■ •
land, an-b f*ie plum, d erests of kings may
signa) th. ir congratulations to each other
and across the u-can to in* p: . ident of our
republic; they rna ? claim that they are hon-
. orable men, who keep the faith of nations
and pay honest debt* in sound money, yet
they mistake cupidity for honor, and they
translate r re j>ower a- meaning justice.
Il is
with them. Their glory shines out like that
' of the Turkish flag at Shipka p’s, that
float’ d .ibov*- a. p> rainid of the beadles?
trunks oi *aptivts taken in open war. ana
Flaueh’ered after they pad surrendered.
These wordy boasts ot honor d. tween na
: tions arc made in or 1 r to cover ’he guilt
. of a merciless slaughter of in no -■ nt people.
They hav mau*- the J>. bta ot the people
; ••Just” by striking out, w»:h lawless hand,
the provisions in our bonds that t ■ / should
b- paid m gold or silver coins at the
( option of th*- governm* ut, ar 1 y compcl-
; only in gold the d«-bt that, on its fa*e, gave
} th- in th* right to pay in gold or silver coin.
Th*-;, made the debt “honest” by doubling
. the burden of its obligation, and thereby
j doubling the taxation that alo..- ■ -«'u!d pay
I jt, at I Ik y I rand th p- d I dm-
honorabl* repudiators who ev n dare to
gtuan under the oppressive burden. This is
a purely British policy. It is a British
standard < f good faith. It has no pla e in
any American code of morals. It is sheer
robbery.
< re«llt**rM Rob the Debtors.
Bv their laws and their wise policy Ot
trade and cornm« ret th*- world that is ail in
debt to Ixmiion has its d< bts in r-ased by
uo per cent through 1 de.-.ructi'»n 01 sil
■ ver money, and the price of their pioduc
tiun. which Is fixed in London for all the
world, d» r«-as* 1 by p r cent. Why
should rot the worid become 1 oor. thus to
! enrich London and its a iked xomy k;ng?
' This is the question that Is ask- 1 of the
, toilers in the namt of honor, of the i.» n -t
1 payment o£ debts and of “sound money.”
It was supp**s*-J that Americans uh • Im-1
emancipat*-.: th.s western from
politic al ta-ndage to the royal and im:- rial
I east would b* strong enough an brave
enough to save th- ir own p ople k’om this
worse than imperial bondage.
The re source sof America t foicsts, fields
and mines are great enough tn ive us the
mastery of the world in n, cem
ir.urcv and in money coined tr-un cur own
pr.- ous rne‘a!s. What, th- 3 !*, i-' w;in T :ng? It
is th* in -n w iih th*» old spirit American
h.p . . r di.j UqX •re w
tru • standard cf honor, ind »nat sound
1 th< goM m>d r that m
nan’- 1 n th-- constituti'.n as l*-g «l tender
money and is expressiy stated 11 all our
national obligations, ex .-*• t gobi and silver
certinc.i.vs, to be tn** sort of money in
which they are payable.
Th spirit of ahy to America and of
faithful regard r-.r our consTi*u*:jn, inspir
ed ill our laws of coinage, b-gal tender and
linam e. from *... f-» in-la: •’ • : our govern
ment un’.il ls? 3. Th-n »t fail. 1 fo r two rea
son*< < >ii- r> a- n was th- <r t-ping yreeui
, of Great Britain and her a !•• 1 r:o-’k and
I bond holders in our midst, the other reason.
I v as that our i«eop!e had sunk their spirit
1 of national in-iei* nd*»n----- S-me of them.
through the <i -tr* s an I hum.’.ation of sud-
•
and oiT ers, who had a gr» at majority in
< engr* ss at th-ir backs, 1a l last s’rht of
th- s ir of lii- rty in tne g.amc r and pride
Os <ll 1 •!« n v<:!:!i. i ” ’t- ' ' -
p.-nd»-nce v.as lost to th-»sv v. be gaine-l
• munev, while oth-rs lost tneir lives ?n bat-*
I tie.
In the enactment of n* w laws for tha
• y new r • . R- -
‘ vised Statutes of s tions, <* new coinage
1 law we - i.-e-r..’ ..n ' l-”i *«: I', bruary.
' 1X73. It was th? c:ch *.*"■ >■ tions of
1 the Revf>’d Statu’-s. wh ch w.-r.- adopted,
■ ’ :
' .Mb us June, IX7I. ’u cat* from the Ist day
• of l» emb* r. !<: In th*- « r.a tment of
j This vast body of law. which rep.-ah-d all
' it. th.-i is a s- ■ ■ ■ ’ ■;> : . - r.'-.-'b- by the
1 most a -five an i erti.n••-.* ??■ n th* n in con-
I gress and by J 1 ■ n: t. ..re, wco signed
. the bill, that th- bio v which destroyed le
gal t*-nder sHv-r m*-? y was a stealthy
: stab.’ hdiv t- d d. »!.•■ . .infusion that
attended this gi it • • v.-’-jtn-n n all the
gen* ra .* ws us
I .\J} stat- was t • thraldom of re-
construci’on. < G* v *-1 all ‘hat
‘ 1 can say is that : - •<■ ..mb, we spake
j I leave it to history to settle hat d’ pate
I between General on ••: si.*-, and
’ Mr. Gherman on th. • r 1 * t.ly know*
that the bh»w was s k ci. '•* • th* coun
try k • ' Ia-
• I cannot loubt .t U - mu< of the
I bn w ' .• the -an i- n that t vas in
, Great Biituin in 1' <. a sii*- r was de
monetized there, o«-l b> -pi’- it from
; the coinage a ts as w. ■ here » y «he
I a t of 1573, but i y lim tin;- its .- cal tender
• ■ . • it it - h-
: out remedy, by in ;■ - th* mil o"’ value
and •xp ihn.. t; ■ < . : . >r c-. the
I mints and destroy., g a.’<u it- h-ga! tender
! power.
1 \\ h« n the tables us -.-ur new law were
; laid before the -pie 1 tb-y ?’me
’ to fee! and r< nl‘z* ” • •' ru *»n ; c had
be* n v. r< ight it wa !■ ne* that uur .*ar«»n
—the high priest of :. -tn -e- had n ’ un.’y
1 s»-l up the *•«•. len .If ’< lan all • ' r .ts
worship, but he t 1 so inte itie
I law i s-jf as to make this wkktd .-s le
gitimate.
The 4>«»i«l**n Calf end John lt»ll.
t
1 of Egypt wh. n a l:k« ireason tu <• - . was
I rj- iaitd io '* r aiu»i!il»d hi priest,
elu.-is was hid . vi« w in th* m .la n
ai.<i h«-y th -d ? it. was d* ad In Ihat
<>xtr< ui y tii* * »st on* <! the - • gud
which ..u.- , in ide snud ' : ut
cal- This vane because • - v
fur their s-rvf.nl” to Pharaoh l for the
iksh p- "> ui i.. ;-i’t. Tney . i t <»t l-« n
t
I • . • - ••
• depend* o< in the love and £»-a: »f ’he God
1 of istice.
T.* E-yjCi .r.s worshiped A? •;>. the sa-
I cr.-i » -ill. a.- • '. r a d ’ alarmed
Israelites, finding lhai th*- .arcings and
I! ' t
go’ * « Tu.ugh to m< 4 a »ull -rown s«.tr*d
bui:. d.d the i-» st they-ecuj<J, ...nd their ; cd
v .«s »** lr.ru*T than a cal:, l- ’t it i/piiie*!
th* r lingering love of and their
slavery th*- »• to a golden u 1. and that
worship • Ap’-.-s:-* 1 their serv i>- d«-j»enden- e.
Ft *-. Ji.-ni iy in later times w h-n Israel and
Judah ware divided into warring factions
these golden calves were cast and w ‘re set
up • n the UHin-iarie* of th« ir kingdoms to
prevent the people from going to Jerusa
b tn to worship in t-he temple of the most
hgh God It was hard : ’ wean the people
fn-ni th • love of Apis, the sacred Egyptian
bull, as it is now very hard to wean some
T q I** from the worship oi our rich and de
spotic cousin. John Bull.
ovr Aaron, the high priest of finance,
erected a full gr-v» n u bull ‘n hon->r
cf our cousin. John Bull, and. after giving
him financial *lon* n: >n us America, he set
up his image in the treasury at a ost cf
sbo and he sr*n tiflcJ it. At another
period *4' my remarks I will attempt to
show what h *s be*n the cost of our sa< »
flees to this god of gold. Those who have
7