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4 i S6e Life and Times i o/ j I Thomas Jefferson j 4- Rhino' thA Pa.rt of a tiistary c/ the United States t • kiciug mac- r « «* a. • • 4* • 4* • 4* • 4* • 4* • 4* • 4* • 4* • 4* • 4* • 4* • •?* • 4 CHAPTER N Georgia was the weaken: of ail the colonies, and had less to complain of, for she had been the oLMeet of royal bounty to the amount of near:- a million dollars Her interior sef.lements were scatter ing and there were several tril>es of In dians which still continued t< makt stren uous objection. with ritie and tomahawk, to the manner in winch the whites robbed them of their lands. Indian wars were constant and bloody— a fact which Georgians hud to consider before they rushed in;, trouble wr.h Great Britain, lor there were only about twenty-five thousand white people in Georgia. Besides, tin- king was r- p’fsrii eu in this little coion.’- g a man o’ tact, lorce of character unc courage Gc’ enior ’ V right wielded a powerfu inihienrt and in Savannah, when he live. the Tory i element natural!} hud its strength Nevertheless, he sound i: u- !»♦• the hardest kind of work t< keej down re bellion and in !g then- was intercepted ui ■’harlestoi: a letter v-gg’-. Gevernor Wright called upon .flier;. Sage, send troops te Georgia The stamp ar: agitation was - in Georgia as in The other • denies rues .'abersrhan • »ok the sc no position hen as Rutledge occupied h So; *.h ' n>hna and Henn in Virginia “S ns- Fib er:y* organized • resist ’.he suit- / '.ln stamps A messenger Ggti. was present at the eongresj- of 1765 Form; delegates wen g have !»♦•••! poser !»’ the Georgia assemb' and • G-.Jred V; of Governor Wngl:’s g The peoplt rose : a”ms g.z* :hr stamps, and the governor bad : send them to Fort Georg* ' tht ■_G , ks;»ur island. whe’-r -bv pap- ro v under strong f bf sold It ' ’ etk: ■ r ’.r * v whH’h were used g some v: ;e -G port Savanna! v.'-g, 4 g •■.* s; v Massachusetts l-ti-J '* :gg.;l* v -.g a-:. ‘r Georgi; ana •••’:. • ”igr * . :hf ■• - repo’-'ey ■ig h -n.- g. GrniGt: ’ hf. • * *- s:am: g ' *' • ■ * •■ " Wh» Th. p- r•■' ■ V. . ' -Gil Ih* pe ; ■ ” al • -g p: hs*-.‘. res- u:. >: s ■ nd-r ’ : y ■I • : t: ’ rvum- ...... . - ».^ r (. .< •_ ... - ■ • . ‘ ‘ . lions to aid Fg- ■■ ' •. rs V rr r ! v■■ ’*t- * ’ ’ relieve tte- suffering Fleeing fr ri: r>u£G;.s •’■ ■ •• : New’ ET.go.'-' d g - ; ... . .. . . . • • • • was the - ‘ ' "efugees, . •- 4U.t'HK)-a/. re gna - : : . It was in tn - ■.. g— r ~g- thrG ’he scHGbern r v .. c * • - heir ■ !n the posilgt: g.-_- :.vk* :. was r- y:..-ej to wr : '.mg •■- ’ r: by mrc go .G ■ - b *- * .- . • •- • . > y > i- -mt a*. v fu.’ '-b ' ' The patri -g ..'j u;g - • ... fa -. f - ■ ■ • perate v .g. .: - s w ‘g- Ln 1 o :i. ■'•i rv< ■. . ■ Wright, t -G. ”o g • • - • ■v - ’ r. . - Midway - iturdy I'r-t-'G’- many and t ! ’ . Marct at Bunker HO. In I .: a r .mmß- ( .-□-n ;-.v. : . ..= ■ ■ ■ ■■ '■ ■> ’ = British ship .-J. •-■ • ■ ’• ' ■ -•' ’ - " , . r p,l ' ■r ‘ th’ .'..1. ; ■' * y ■ <’n J : y a r ‘ V VT*'?.- : !c whimi every parish -rrr at. s ! . .- ’ I ; ; ntsqurrely !nd-‘-rs*-o y.-prytni’-g • y L-- 4 • • ’ congress and adopts 1 a d- ft. f r.rineiples wH '. ’ n.. rds •■Heaved. Th.-.t tverf l ”, f: • have rv the feelings O nten a-: t to pi! natural rights f n This revolutionary b-dr th-n c.rganized Bn association whosß t-.- w s - Rtep with the oth-r <■ ! :!. = t-■ pr se the executi 'll <•- ;r-a- i Hament and provide a general mmittee ' ahich should. In effect. - > the '.ony The committee of sai■ ? y r- ..zed the snlllta, took possess!--. ' ■■ ■- e-.:st m relieved another Br!t:-h v.s-“l of i "cargo of gunpowder an.’ a vessel from Senegal pcrm’-<io- • , land t cargo of negroes. The e.rrl-.xi.l nt Tyh- <*. Tan >a-y U. 17T6. I a’ two British meji of wo- ar.l a trans- j ' ' irt with a detachment of troops, served C-t 'to aggravate matters Mnior J <• ph ! Habersham took a *1 :n 1 of partiots, parched to the house of the governor, a , placing his hand upon his shoulder, said •‘Sir Jamies, you are my prisoner ' The prorisional congress adopted a pm vls'o-nal constitution and put Archibald p . ’loch the first chief magistrate of in dG-nder-.t’ Georgia, Into the vacant place of roval appointee. Wright. Among the men of 1776 there was n- t one who sur- , in the sterling -ruallries of mnn h'Gl this honest, capable, fearless, pa . Gtc Georgian. The entire people mourn s loss when he died in the midst his noble labors in 1777. it not being to see the triumph of the cause. From this great Georgian is descended. [on th.- materna sid-. JTesident Theodore ■ Roosevelt. i Uachto Mclntosh wan put in command . of the continental battalion, and on Feb ! ruarj 16. 1776, we find him in commnni -1 cation with Washington Colonel Mein j tosh informs the commander in chief that s Georgia’s position is weak, that -.here are not mor.- than men in the colonv j exoeptlng those on the sea coast, and I that these are scattered over n ver’, wide | area The rich people are torjes, as a I rule, hence the whites ar. divided 7 her,- nr. some I.5C«' negroes who mils', be kept i dowt and there are ’hree great Indian nations who may break into hostilities i ’ li.nv time—Creeks. Choctaws an. he.ro j kees These Indians can muster lo,tWi wa I Tiers am! Melriosti g‘"<- t,h.-m Un- credit I for being "b-ove and intrepid ' I, April 17 76 'olone A ' port' j t.. Washington the nrgunizntiot of the , ba.’.tadion, Ono o' Ids difficulties in get ting the peoph enlist is . hnt do ; not like tr> sul.ml' 'o Ibe restraints of ' I military discipline Tie also sends Wsisli I tngt ’i : copv of 11'.- p-.’VisioTia oom;' i tutiiit' Will the Georgi; eong-i-o luu.l- j dec-Cre.! sii - ; p. .rce m ’ i. n-' manetit constitution o: govertimeni could be ’’r.'i med 7'his prcvlsiona. .mnsci utior. Ret. pi. a e «mpin'» r ••nrnment. . reciit' i-. legislative atid jit'dir-lal. naming the va- , riotts officer' end fixing th. salaries. Governor WrigT tied to Tinglem. 'in.: did not return unti 1776. v hen he again set up a. brie: rickoij roy:., gov {•••: met ■' tilt r.-r-ee: li:.inm,.r. t.lie g: ■ ernmenit of Virginia passed ini; rhe hands of l,!i. eommittwf. e' safe*' T'a.iriel; iier ( r- v ;s made commander in cthief of tie Durirnare at Norf dk proclaimed mar- I him—offering the.m freedom—and he ray aged 11..- shores of <'.‘icsn p- i.l-;. Bay - British ut.d negroes overrun Hampion. ' I'-'.v; Sbittyv ■ wtU b sniM. .< 'X'y’yiTiia f.•■».«, • <WILT\. NttiGkk 111 G ” lab- • . - - • • - bv.< rev.it Bn.ge GpuiG 81 g G .t. G frb.?ut six:.’ British die’s j-g G-. •..‘if ii-eatsuM’-ks whl'.h th*. V.rgWu:.? G . G t: -.A’ ’. up •: ’ : GGiish '..iv.. thei’- ek>njtriiOj: • ’ is- rr ..'-gi.e -.iy kiit—> ms :‘im g • haj mert-iy stuimbieck arid bf G t * r. *-. ’e was v:.: :v ■ • the K.’-I.f- ;■ J ‘ 1•• .U>e'. '*■••> b”.!.- S: Tit-.' The British fort. G.>e-3vn ypr 9 it: Msi-rsitja ~ u?terwi.‘ra chiG ' *ff.i Sus:-.5 v.-.is m : ■■l ”G.vMidt-.-rd's -Gii&m st. ?! .? :> :i - 1? ’TineGt" ityf 1 ’ Nurtc-.k «i; •- : • i. ?■< **.• i. < ■ 1 I - ->■ » . f h’ s> r was neetG-.l ' rr-i ward at ■hv BGiisih ■ w . It nj-rue. Falmi/.i’h w<us w:.-,' ,:Gv dtvir ■■ . ?;t g< .< A'-rg-.’.u v.;> ms ;rvG;GU.i;:i st. ;r_- •.s -am g -. . C- . * ■■ -pt - . v rias.i-.G' rGhkrr w-'- g :: : g- : G,t-r %\ .•■.*• yruG: a-' -■ w.:.-' ' G ... i. *.-< . - ' •. .n ■ : .. . g. .... , . , . . . - ‘-treets were :. t.-be ec.'-s d ringing - < : . n -■ calling he g - . we.,l much to the pen of Paine as : > 1.-, - ', :,,..ry g. ver:,men's v-:e .. ready :,. . : m< st of the < ■ .. s The ta, Virginia Mf.' ,s. t' - Fth-ede Island, .'ormer: Meryiariu, Georgia w ere ;-r.. .io, imiepenoi nr. ever since the form.'.of . - ,-f c.«rresp;ndence, Thomas Nelson, said : be ti. • rich-< ' -.r, .-. ■:; Virginia, mo cd the Virgin.a c. vent'.jh 'May 15. 1776) t instr'.) t h.r dele gates in congress to yr >;■ >■. a de. lorn i tior of independence, declaring the Unit- i i th Colonies tree and independent states i The resolutions were ■jnanim'ousiy adopt- - ed, and next day the troops at AA’illiams- i b .~g resolved them w th shouts, an . wu.’i boom of cannon. The American flag was : run up on the capital, and at night AVii .iamsb :rg was illuminated George Mason then p:■< par- d his eeie • ; brated bill of rights, and the Virginia . 1 constitution of 1776—the hrs; wrltt.-n con st t.itivn. completely organizing a gov. rn , meat, w irich was <-ver adopted by a free I people. lUchard Henry I.ee presented in eon gr, ss the resolutions which Virgin.a had ' Instructed her delegates to present, and . i supported them with his customary ek ; . qaence and zeal. Great differences of opinion still existed among the delegates, , i a'd being patriotic, but some being hot while others were only warm, and a few . were somewhat cold John Adams was the tower of strength t > the resolutions, "the colossus of th.it debate." Pennsylvania was not ready. South Carolina was not reai-y, others wanted more time—fearing to burn the bridge. It was at this period that the Amerh in | patriots won their first decisive victory over Great Britain. British ships under Sir Feter Parker. *<l) attacked Fort Sullivan, in South Carolina, and were thoroughly beaten by raw troops screen ed behind palmetto logs. •i|) Not Sir Hyde Parker, as I’rofessor THE WEEKLY CONSTITUTION: ATLANTA. GA.. MONDAY. -TULY 20, 1903. »u. e fr 4* •* 4* •4-*•4*• 4* •4* 4* ** 4* •4*•4* *4* ‘ ’ Chann’ug ■> s', .‘c- It. I)*.- enTt-i History.” Englarul’s strong arm was her nav\ . Al ’hariestoi; sin h:t<| some o' her b«‘s’ ships, commanded by some of her b ,M st i officers • A plain citizri., wh<is>- ehief fitness to ! detem.i a posltioi was his e.ourati-, under I took te holo' i; for; which Genera! Charles ' Lw and other experls said bi could not ‘ hold. “Thr< v in- ramparts to protect your rear!” urged Fee. ”'riie euen,\ vil! iie-'er get n nr rear'” answered xMoultrie. ir eh - •t, end In la.z 115 Il(‘gle; leh Fee's counsel. "Sil. when ihtist ships i/onio alongside I your for* h< wii knock : down ii hah j ;-r 'hour” Thi' oht‘erii. : . predictioi was ’ volunteered l - anchor militarx » xp‘*r! ' Theo su’d yulojie! A; < >;; ■ tri' ”v\'» v.iil • In ’ behind the ruins and jire-.-eni their men from binding” S. h. m.-i G : :i; ■ ■: : : •:’r h: I 'C pej: o; liis and when the Ih'i isk ships ennje alongside ho slmuG them g j pFres .m one o! iln st war vessels hr I kills and wounds m.-:<' than a hr.ndrr.'l : men fit nuc- v. Eo:g William ; 1 'e !; t ;il ir:sh • •g. : ’’rm i>f.' ins Sr. e ; am Aioi is. pii: t w ,i .■ r. - I'r i'ar) ■ -making •: <• wridi;. day got:- o"aHy :he Engdish aris:Mis . HagsrafY is shot aw; \ arid the colors, fail j outside Hu ha. me. Sergoaio .'hsih - leans .mt of th'- fo’-f. ;be flag ■’•'em . (he s: ft ano amid a h;..’ o. shot tixex : k a EGmge plat g '■ oti !hr V-’O’ky ;,?h; h!v> FS ’.‘r im -• I‘ ’ ; fiance’ : ■. oa Al.'i; ! :rs• .*■ a.n»n’i)Tdio ia rii'if’ i j; w oi:'' iirrasi, ,’y,! jjro i.js i . . « • . ■ ■ a .annue shouis v h > dvhig hr-.'vh: “Fig'h; on. |>. • - i».-: 1 >ri hh 1 iedg- S’G',.l. 1 - more o wd--; , '.he pe’d ’ Oti-’-ae -GMsh <d. ;r :• G ,-G. around w.cir st; I. .; ... . unn;.:.i' • ■■ aGdher—a.r <g v. .•-.•••• Sum Aa . = n:.g? , ciitnis ; ■ :G disk go 1 . :i‘ p.'-Gl: ba: . : some dar- ker r i r ,i a : big • v. 1 Arm rioan Gdt •, >■. ; • ;;( e CITAPT R Nil. i > war. an.; v< ;hidiffiroo: ,s the . ; 'G-ray -. eitizt r ; ■ ; < heroes a G,i :b t‘G GTi.r.N. g.■■■ '■ ■; 5... g: g th;<: Ameri- . ran ' isG’G-o y.. ♦ Gir.G'o: .. be <ngr • - ’ • ! g t too niG '. New .!’.‘ngl.and in it. Tlg ’ g e, s : .i-t. s.. <>. G >.• \■. ■. a 7'o ! e 5; ab.;: t ' f;r:j'.-.:.’ .:..a.'s Too IT'GGG - . G ■: v. a. s : ■. .'■ :. g i" ■ ; /. .• st :.••• •.. . . .* >• ' • : ; ■ .■ ■ ..: A St.' '< A ’ •••. \;G ;.,»!• k v•• j ■ v. a g . . . . .: . > . • s-> - , . : ...g . • . r ’- !• f tiA G ;I r s; ffer- . c . . g : , mis ;. m.I '. l.v tw ; A.:.. .1 ;.:.d S.mi. Tea’ s’ie was ;-f . \>r. g.,1 ‘. .o . that ■ dwt t. the '.g:>. g ar ms which Mas sa. had t :■■ ;;:ar . , • .... , Gunndited but nothing woidd edneh the ! caml-irati. a b-.-'\\' *7. oa.'i south like ■ south to tin- Muef command of the Vug::.in w ;•.- th. r.g colony of the) - Ith and V. gton was thi stro: ... man . ■ Virgimn. to shrewd Samuel ' Adam? h re a thnin c<i.«c. The match- ' less rn c..voder, w);.> had come to l ongress i ■■ nit ; -: m unt his i Ameri. .in arm) The character of George AVashington . lls by common consei.t regarded as one ; of the gr.ir.dost known to history. In i spite of i'homa- I'arlili s taie.it to “take down G- -a !" gor two." he remain- . 'where the euiog.' of Bight Jlorse Harry! Lee pit him B.t the praise that is i P.ap.'u upon him is sometimes too in- I ’ discriminate. Th. re has been too much I effort to remove him from the compan- j ■ ionship . f men and to place him arming : ; the deities as the ancients used to do. That such a man as I’arson AV< ems ’ should begin this sort of thing Is no ] matter of surprise, but that such an au- , thOr ;l< F‘ s ke should fall Into it ■ ' . \rites amazi meat ' The [.resent writer, sp.aking for him- | self 1'1)1', dares to colll. ss that he loves ; Washington because ho was a just m in. 1 Show us the Washington who never makes a mistake, ne'er commits a sin, i never loses his temper, never does any thing small or mean, never is at fault, is always right, always master of the situa tion, always sublimely above human weakness a Washington who was su premely great from the cradle to the grave and we frankly .ulmit that we take no inter.-st in him, simpl) because we have no faith In him But show us a Washington who was human, had his tits of passion, m ule his mistakes, committed sin. knew what the lusts of the flesh were, loved to dance all night, admired a fine figure of a woman, hated a poacher tr the extent of beating •/ <4 4 I 4 < • t ;■ !• !•> I .■ • j.,,.!.,.;.,.;. ,i.»>.i. the stealth' wretch an, breaking hie gun. cursed like a Bailor when in a passion, knew how to pick out the best horse or the best piece of land had a slave whip ped If he didn’t do hts task, had a private soldier flogged to the limit of the law If he hroke the rules forced the new hus band of dead plaster.*) ’s widow to re fund ar overchargi made by the deceased plasterer for work : Mount Vernon, com pelled Genera. Stone i o take buck a faulty coirs paid for f. rriage at the Wash irigton ferry ami t, honest money show us : Wasfaingtiii. like that and wo , begin n understaiu lilrri Show ns a man spit ■ ■ . •.. blemishes a.' thr'S' , develops , p-'nes. of his nu tiir. until sir ! bier, ;-|) ( *g shni become mere snots, and w. >. v. join con In pay ing li"ar. o'; redor: ; : [ho son. There bad beer, ni rvelous deeds con ne.'led w'.T Washii, .■ s youth H> was not the brightest 1- at school Nothing he did caused lhe < f< distill wisdom li jc adi.- : i-.ns !■; \ ... just a strong. ■ nir.til;.\ Intelligent > ..njckei on the . t>la' ground than in 1 - books Ills fami ly was at good a- best, but not. wea th' : rs „ th< hr 1 blood, w. ir.tini' associated with : rionu l ; lnglishmen v L .; . connections were •er" hip'll, but .’H Iriie the molhor o! : George had though: putting him on a British ship to bo.a common sailor lit bin'nnie : lan . ■ ■(■■■or and In that capacity served >,.• .. I'alrfax, who h'.'d It.Ta ol w.l;’ the boundrles of , ■. mar) 11 a ntlsoiiic: ■. paid ’ c hi- hard and dan . ' ger.ms work .for :l> 'n.linns still roamed rhe woods, h< s I.is mono.' and ' : b,.i;gl : cln.ico I.T . I'-irin soil for Mm - ; S" His expiorai: :■ and mi-feys w '<■ ; n.’t hi,>rr pr-rilous :;r.’ :ln,se whk't. Feter Jefferson had beer nr,king, and so far as : we know- no: bet lie did la- work • r’essp competent ly and ' e.,: wo' paid • ’cit is ad. If ever !;<• htul to eat his ?.;■ -i; mulr while out lr th.- wfidorm'ss. a- '’etor Jeffers..n Is .‘.'..ld t have beer; .Tl’nd to do trriili ' tier, l.at lost the iricannnr mule < ->■ ,■ ; falls Inti a fl ■ ‘ Bf’.i Ht,'?.. ' b.G' “■i <> G f-:‘iit»: iv. ; <k! i< , ' :*yi hi v sg • '- | message 'nto the gg.< wuecls. Rc-aHy. : (h.-■•<- W3S G' . 4 - •.•»:■ Gif' Tir. ■■ s - s ' i’;g-g l :■ rrv. Thf Ohio FarG Mompanv was read - • al i ion acre* ■. ' . th/- ’ vs r-f iJg Wt'G th< tv... t-idC’’ !> • G'iG’S sis Vihi S?i'i i;g i :.h v.- f ’ T -r dirodGrs .g- : Ghv. 1>: • V.'ifGi • V- ' . 'I 'f '-f tIG: ' ■■■..’ i • .> ; f C;s t wir-v ihe 5 ' ' •. . . F'.'.isy.: hgti.m ihrrGil :? ?.• v"-’.; through Gv : v >Gls I-G ■A-H.’-u :’G-‘ ‘■’••■■'l't' off thp I'.-.' v, hh. !: tl’’. r.*rr.p;:.i r. v rinlms. ’t h'-ks sto s? I fes. 4 Fiske's ms 1 Thp Oh»o eon';: <; r> ■■ Ivgl powerful I I';G GbG-s. O’ G ■' i t'S {GWGt’G | support ; S ’. ■! • t l.’O so: -f: ';IG . IL v ..'i.l’d. • G ■ . I G V, t G • 711 ili'.-d I•■ . • S ; ■ G V Gif 11 if* j tu.Gif.-u Mg uki ■ v. :;h thi . -rs 1 • G ’ K .:• n V ■ L r<‘»; 1.';./ • iof hit chi.dr-c’i of 1 ! Mi 4 ’ e.'G’S O i GG Fg.’G.. JV h 0 7. !in f-.'l f . - : . ■ . I. . . ■ 11. Bat a1... ’.. Ji'S. ; !''e:l ■ ;..;g"<l t, have it do : t'a- r,'tatter of i’t S A’'-., an g./M ... e- 'Tt.-ii tl." Washingtor. >thers. I':nw:,i- Gist X t o , were :' St in lag :: • terr it cry bei.-.r.g,-.; to Great 11- th. ■ - .. was rot _ any I ar, v g ■ it was . oy .-.,.'h fir..* land dir,n 1 I'.:.’'', gr ■.: is : ,i'::r l l A’irgin ;to thr.,w around it tin tentacles of I \A a sir: gton was ns . ■-t In h's p-.’r ' po-c- as Wi'T V. s\ John 'Snittli. ; l.w ■■< . HITT li . . Ton or John . Sr--. r He want.,; r: e and, he fought lor the ;anu. ho risk’d i - ,17'’ and gave days ■ I :i t. get . -.,<1 '. dbe g,A ■it Vi iien the smoke- ~f battle lifted, the hero of M< nt Vei . ■ ; ’. >• - .. ’ of the finest. i.T, -’ .and :!;e world-part . wli: li was .•■■•..•> reward as a■; i dicr and part of wr,.. h lie had bought on highly sai ■ nmis from, his i brother soldiers. : During the terms of I'otetoin t and Hup I more, we find AA a-h igton continually pressing : . cl a n ‘ he Virginia tr- ps I to the land for w .: . f ho y had fought: ■ and it :- high. ■ ;ir, . p. that, being . I cumbered a§ he w.c- y this matter, he could not. act as y against thi two : r..s-ed f< 'low cTr, ~... dl . In this there w..- .Hp- v nothing Ito Washington's e..-, i( was lnn * t-r of great, imp. r;.. , to him and his . comrades in arms t they should re- , ecive grants to th,, ,< .which they had ;so manfully won. Y, t. in order to get justice, he had t. favorable con- i si.ieration from the king's officers, the ■ governors. It w . seem that thjs ex- planation w. ,1.1 a , ln t for the fact, that Wa at first, rccog ’ nlzed in Virgin..', ,s ~ ~.l (lpr in lht , n „ lve _ ■ ni< ’it of arim t] r< 'Gin<G to Gront Br:t- I :i ' n ' , lie did not. for one instant, give coun . tenance to the .'uTressions of the moth | er country, but b,, certainly did not do more than keep, with the earlier progress of th. ' ..i, Wh< n ;. niarrl 1 , w id. w Gust; • he not. only add..,, largely to his M . tate in lands and chattels but ho secured cotitrvl of i ;i i a pit This was an Inestimable ad'mtage. For one thing. It made it possible for him to .i,lvane.’ S ...cio to the cause during the revoluti<.mir\ war; and to serve it without tri' for eight arduous years. Hut up to th. tlm e Washington was np. pointed commalider j n opiof of the colonial forces, ho had not galne.l any wonder ful triumphs as so| ( ij er o r surveyor. His journey into the Ohio wilderness was full of peri] and but not more so than hundreds of similar journeys made by white men and red num in the fron- .p.'.e*'•••!■• tier life of that da - It bore no com , parison ti what Christopher Gist had r done In his memorable solitary trip all through the Ohio country. Into rhe dark >5 and bloody ground which becamt Ken s tuck' . It was no more than was fre quently done by such men as Lewis, Clarke. Boone, Kenyon and hundreds of 1 ■ others. The ambushing of Jumonvllle was not a particularly glorious exploit: and bls sur’W'uder at Fort Necessity carried with !. the signing of a paper which afterwards caused hot talk In Virginia. The capita i ; lation was It, the French language and ; contained a <'<u>fession that Jumupville had bei'i "assassinated." Washington ixplaineil ’hat this French sentence )ia< bi'i.'i; rranslated to him differently. One nt' the A’irginla officers had, liow eve: refused to sign because of this eon '■-■’ion assassination AA ashington bn. aft.' W',-d; served with great dis i i iln. ioi. under Braddock *<l)j and In bi-'itiny buck the Indians from the A'ir gii.r- .'■•outier He bad won no signal ba :i. against them, but he had given o',-. , s s. -slug all the qualities of the so'di.-; Wh.'u the British came again to ■eiiev. bn Hrarldoek .-ampalgn, they had bee) ■ b.,, '; to fai the second time, when he piislied ipiAvard and took Fort Liu 4 : quesiw. Washington had presented George • Mason r. s..in:ions to boycott Hng'lsh ; ; good- . but it dues not appear that he » ' voted for Fat-i.-k Henry's resolutions agaim-t ibe .siamp act. 11. was not tal'm. li it the meetings of the younger, bolder 1 ; lead. -o; tin burgesses and was not a i nieniine i>: Weir revolutionary committee. Ml; Dunmor, removed the jiowder. Washington had declined t<, put himself i i the. In';,,, o: the militia of Albemarle Hi . ..ntinueil, till a late day, to dine with Un g. • . •«...: and dnnex wth Hu cin.nu-ss' ... Dunmore. hi \ ,t loisx it was left to llenry, who : . had be...,’: first with the word, to be also ? I first v..;h .lie blow. 1: : V, ashing:,Ol’s w; a tig "r- tow erlng prominence. In mere physical endowments, he corn -ot. mio.; «.. .it : i.m. respect a- miration, lie was a gentleman athlete tall, strong, w. i. ■..' a.'-i .v. Io nilsomo. i.iign i' ; fd. maws ' \o ,-,pr txe, ted him in strength snd .T.l i■ a n.’i- He c.'iiild tlirov. a saver ; ■ , ■..-■' the Kappaharmo.-k bei.;W J'.-r.ii ■:. I. si.., g lo.'-kt his way i,, the wa. k a ■' ■ 'he Natura Bridg< ride I- - horses dogs ' ■'- werq iiro.. .>■>.■; a finer horseman never put foot to stirrup. His T. s steady and his face grave; r i..y airl clap him on the back and ' < Helio. Georg's! And hf could look as wise as he really was and hold his ; r. -igac -a precious gift even to the really ’■ '•• A; •fiber materia; advantage vas l,:s vast estates and ready money. X ’..i cd hirr; n. that : rpr ;'r, bes.‘ s.’clei In America, he was cot la: :■• not ; 1 in:gl';l to be the v civll i lan: but everybody looked upon George J AA'ashington ns a solid man. a safe man, ; a i rui man. a competent, fearless, pa : trimie. rcsmTc, hr.-ad-mindcd. indispensi i hie man 1 r,■■ ■i :. :’o. wlmii the motion was made ■ I. place lam at the head of the army. ; ;l,e gr.-'ii majority of the leaders, as weil . s tilt : ■ ■■■ pie the .r ~ ~; good one . :: V: '7l I'; Mi: ■ nt’••■•ss i;- at last ready to act. It is high t rnc Hmt it should. The lower it . ■■ ■•■'.; 'a g George ha« ! 1,1. ked st. In ti r; ~l s immer of 77r-‘> ii had sent to :'.<■• X i g .’Other humble petition, drawn ; : ; I ' . ,b . i k . a n cr, rl le.l ; ' i,y tin Tory Hi,hard Fenn. King • ili .iigi in fused to look either at the ‘ io ya, Hilliard or his humble petition. 1 . :■ r. oro. Klug Ge.jrge had issued i pn ,-i.imation declaring the colonies , :n T’b, i ion and no longer under his pro tr.tion. 'i'hcn again his agents ransacked , c- to f ~'i i i. i who were willing to .tl.:s rebellion for him. In this .'march the Hissians W’ere found; and hereditary rulers sent, the pi .tvs oivr by the ship iomi to kill .. . ■ I. ’•■li : '. r, .T'.iS' '. Ill”' did ;■;.'.( aw ' v:. .de. '-1.-. .J. Likewise, emissaries from ■ Canada wi re set to wm k to rouse the ,i.tv d mean vC.'sk' bt ig’p -olorod tab: :, s. powder and lead, guns and hatchets be. ante unusually plentiful ami accessible to the red man of the north, i ti,. S uth ami the west. , v ; Carolina, had led the way to independence N. iih ('riraiina i’he Me. klen'o. ■ g ; ri solutions were, in effect, the first of rat ,'i'is of iudepender,,-, 1-i'mule Jsi i.nl soon f,.flowed. Then came i t: e tow i mi > ; . g : f Massachusetts Then V; J,.:::, Vary sod-wed havs.g mi idea ;l..it any cthr-r colony had a. ready shaken off the burden of allegiance to Groat Britain, .l.e that N. rth Carolina had gvm first taj t, the drum in rhe grand n ~r. . f independence was. indeed. ...■■j'Uted and the name of Cornelius Har m-t was ui xnown to historians He was seining ;« .resilient of a re\olntionar.' government m October, 1775. If i .i Barnet • ■ the Mc.'klen buig 11 are so much as menti.n- ed in Woodrow Wilson's fire-volume ■ In-.;.a ' the index fails to imlicate the fact. In Hint' Cabot Bodges sumptuous two v. iume "Story of the American Keu .iln •' there is not a word about s first of t the public acts o : pendence. of . . urso, the Harvard soribe, Fro f. sso.r •banning, has nothing to say about . I so trivial an incident. I n tile credit cf the fairnXi.i. .1 Han ■' civil, be it said that he renders to the I tml North State the honor 'if being “the ■ co y to expressly sanet on inde i pendence Kick. .I I '■ the King ami pushed by the ■ colonies, congress took the bit in its teeth and made the .lump HutleilgK of I South Carolina, agreed to vote for the d.. .•ration, Now York agreed not to veto I cither way, ami the cautious Dickinson and Morris, of Pennsylvania, were pre vailed upon to dodge In till.', way the declaration was passed without a dissenting voice. The > . solution of Hi, hard Henry Lee was passed on July 2; the declaration, as drawn by Jeffers.m ami amended by con gress, on Jul'’ 4. Mr. Jefferson writhed a good •leal un der the surgical treatment congress gave his flowing paragraphs; but at last the agony ended, the final vote being hasten y 't.n • i|> Php of the s,'ldlers "ho fought •■" this famous field was th" grandfather of Mex andir 11. Hteplwns, vice president of the eon fedeiaey. •4**4**4*« 4*»4*»4*»4*»**+ e ** ••■ • • * , y? By * | I Thos. E. Watson, : • \ 4* » Jtuthor of * V Story of France,’’ j “Napoleon,” Etc. j i ropvHght, >903. by Thp,. E. WafroP’-Alt Rights \ i ed by the flics which swarmed in from a ' livery stable near by . and which, during ' the sultry afternoon, became Intolerable i to legs incased in silk stockings Os the .Pennsylvania delegation only Dr ■ Franklin, John Morton and James Wilson : voted for the declaration at the time it ; was adopted. On the 20th of July the I state named other delegates in plac. “ ■ those who had refused t' vot< and th<“s‘ new members were allowed t< t" r - when ' they arrived Just as though fney hod ‘ voted with the others. The New York ' delegation gam I. their adhesion or. the | 15th of July. As late as November 4 a I delegate from New Hampshire, Di Thornton, wa* permitted to sign. Most of the actual signing was doin nr h< 2d ol Augtist. a ftei th< resolt I iot hi d been enrolled on parchment ; When first issued it was signed on.' ’• • John Hancock, preslderd, and I'liarbs j Thompson, secretarv. , How did it hapf'en the Richard Hemy ' Lee who moved the resolutions did not i figure more prominently afterwards ; It Is a vexed question bard ti- answ<- ! but he W’as sot risldo I’ : manner wbb I. : niii'it. have cruised birn lading dissatisfy - tlon. He was nr.t < ••-n a membe h" ; committee which Ills motion created- Mr i Jefferson was a-ki" ’ ■ bi- ,mil, -agues •'•' | the committee to writ.< out tin ileciar:. lion, and I:'- dr', so It v s ' r. ear." ] grateful task, lie had been over all the ground many a Bin.- beforr wn u buniHai willi every point in th'- argument • ■ I fact in the record, every count in th' in i Jletrnert against the king it wa' I necessaTy that lie should now briefly ■ .■■ '■ - ■ 1 ' ■ - i point in the case. He was not expected i to originate i'n.-ts ot pri”. it'! " . he ms '■ : no .attempt of the kind, .'•.nd his paper a ta irio,; n•; I,log o: fru:: o: p ; which was mat oomnion property to th' v. ell informed men oi 17'>; G'-orgo Masoi; forir alt.-ted rhe Vire ■ a bill oi Ights a short v - ■ ■ i son secluded himself to prepare the De ■ la.ratior; of Imlopemlener. took the sain'- s. •-a It. ■■' thi .* ' s mi Tt-.rii'f-' put liis t’. : T"S o'" la lig I ' V' j mor,- exact than that wbah .ieff'-rso:. ! employed. ; There was a good deal >’• I'li'flo.-'T lr -the first draft of rhe do.-Inrmimi. and congress cut most '•: it '-at. He had likewise written a strong para graph against the kng .'bai'g'l'.t him vii'- iI, t- -f-spon'-' : •>' .1" '"•■■•' , "'Rdo ' Congress was mindful of the ''n- t that i northern colonies were de-u ,i: the .-aave i trade, and the south cr- wdeti v ith siaves. , " • •• - ■ best ' Jefferson’s •'• u- ;• iatio.'. ifie ku l ■" that *ublO'': • i But after •• 7 the changes, the po, :<. ra. 'tlon cf 1 nil':p'T,'!''T■'■'■ as j,..loi'':'-.! was Jefferson's paper. Much had been s: ri.-1.. - i a 'rm ■’ t L: •- r ■ put in; therefore ft was natura: for him j to claim it as his own, ami to demand j the credit for it be given him on his i monument. That his honored name is ..nked forever w ifie Magna • | of American Liberty 4s lust, for no man has been ear-dor in getting up.-u the where the s t.•.<;.■• v.-a- to b. ma,l':. o ' man had advanced more rapi.i:v with th-' movement, and to no man were its pru-i- I cipies more sacred, or its call 1" service a more Imperative obligation. A".‘; to h s t"'t, I"S com It t..-' .:•.■■■■ ■ fi.- i •oi. tempered * S'.-'l . was ■ :■■- - factious divisions, among the patriots I robbed cause of its strength J- S’orv iif th,- A R"' • - ! lutl.'T.' the learned and elegant author [Hen;'' Cabot Long", .states that the ■ Do.' iaratlon of Independence was re< eiv.'.-l i tv tlie soiflim-s w ith "content, and by ;he . .... .'■ .x ■ > ano I. ■'•: ■ ’ li - without ex.-itement." is ■< t: tl.’s summary a little- cold? • The declaration marks one of the great i stages of our a-’varmemc. t as a people; 1 It Is a milestone on the great natlotinl i.k'.wv. It is worth knowing hew it w' s re- ' ' i it v. .is taken ns a nv-re i matter of corirse.. as some Thane • a pros er. .:s gentleman, tak.'-s his .Inner -a thi'ig which is go.-.fl but not ral- thr-n let If go at that. I Bat if it sounded through the land like : llhO'leri-'k'R Irigle note in the Highlands, if it ralili'i the wavering and cheered : a :r>.T'"- if 't was the guide wh, h, leaving by-paths and cross-,mts. gn t jpto ; the plain straight road and said to the : wandering hosts “Come on"'—we ought Previors i.■ that tune, how d.d the ■ troops or the people know officially what they were fighting for? Who i 'l l raid that the time for com- : ; romlse had passed, and that under no circumstan. ns w-ould the colonies rertmin subject tc Great Britain’’ Private individuals might clamor for the independent state, but how could the sc.dier, or the average citizen know what congress would do? Suppose Eng land should back down, should withdraw her troops, and grant every demand re dress ever' grlcvan. •-• would peace be ■ru.le lsn\ ng The subnet colonies still subject? These were the issue", and from these *. ureas had arisen divided counsels, ,-on- : fused purpose ami plans. y* .l it was just here that the Docl.t.i ..u of Independence was supremely im portant. It the debate, removed (he doubt, fixed the resolution It burned the bridge, it crossed the ■dead-line. it took the route toward that bourne from which no rebel returned, save with a rope around h's neck. i The Declaration of Independence was not a mere matter of course giving satis faetion and that alone; It was a call to natlonallt v a watohword, a rallyin. . point, its official statement of ultimate aim and object beeoiulng the pillar of lire which led flu’ people through the i darkest nights of their dread journey to wards the republic. In South Carolina the declaration was received with the "greatest joy . "the ; president (John liu(ledge), accompanied by all the officers, civil and military, mak I ing a grand procession In honor of the ' event." *(D Tet South Carolina’s delegation In the ■ .-ongress had onlv yli'lded approval to the d.-elaration at the last moment. In Georgia, whose delegation had stood with A'irginia's from the first, the •10, l.i ration was hailed with delight in every parish No ■rooner flld the message of congress reach President Bulloch with a copy than the provincial council was called •i I) Illhlreth, the historian, remarks that It »n< too much to expert Georgia to agree to that clause. Inasmuch as Rhode Island "tight little, right little, Ithoilr ' had one hundred and Gghtv seven slave ships on th o sen at that time. It mix have been expecting too mm'li to ask her to sign It. •ill Vide aid McGrady, LU !>., in "History et South t’arollna,” r I togrtber, the ilniiiment read and "r.T; turously applaudeo • The president and council went In p cession to the public square, who-, greet concours* of citizens had g>ith< ‘ and the military was under arms t Declaration of Independence was ar • read amid si.-.-birnations. and a mint" f salute was tired. Then a formal pr".ra ’ t j,,n Os all th.- public bodies and o! th 1 military was form'll, and theta wa -1 grand march to the liberf pol' an' 4 declaration was r<-ad a third tlm'- ' ■ - artillery fired thirteen voile's, an'. '1 1 small arms were again heard Then President Bulloch marched th' in multitudt to th, battery, at th< 1 j tees’ Garden, when- th' d'claratton ’ 1 I again read, and another salute Area fr r i rhe Siege guns planted at that polm ■ Thß begins to look like enthusiasm I Then there was a banquet, a milt’"' ! feast uml'-r the ceda, tr'-s, and ffl •• ! hilarious drinking of toasts. ; ; Tha| , S annah blaze- w - ' light of universal illumination ■ Then- was monster funera'. I 1 "’ I sion, with milltar.' in line and mnflb ' (|r , n , )S . , ; ..,,r g . HI was bu "• ' • I and a mock service read over his gr ■ ' In al' the southern states. ••; N'w '.'i* land. In the north, and a" mn-t ■ as " of .... ir.r v.-t- m" ho tne I Emph--Gaily. Mr. Judge’s s-umma I t<lG cold. CHAPTER XIV. j’ren -l •" ’"sm' n cage war he- “ v-.iv j ..ing "• th' *' '■ '' ; ~ppo -trinity to strike a blow at the ar I cn'-nry. ; Still eautinn was necesra rv ' i < the firsl advances Whiel to the colonies by Franc. .... t ■ ■■- • i credentials, had no official s-u> ! <s. delphia '• ■ , myr'teiy and reserve. Attrfu ting ••' Ito tiirnsel;’ 1,; vagi;" r ’-l ■ _ ; mitt’.l in.--ssag*-'S. this *" -. ■■ ■ ‘ " voirl.ur bv name, “an lame u ' I bavin); the app’-ara,•<■•■ of tra old w-.'’ .. j < : . ’ ■ng . •' I To-ed" G)'- T"i>;b.'.a that the ku.t i France was their ffietw ‘ ; firms anil ammunition sho' ’■ ’ f ’ ' od the colonies i ’oot -'"S- a.ppGn t«GI fi F- - G • : . T . (.rai-respo?:.-; V. Gh **■ '- rdf*. •' ■ A rr;p : foreign lauds ng; man month? '• by before •'■;■'■ money of the French • ' pie w’.'i'' ]■.•:.’s ng. I"- of H'’a‘i , chais. :-rto the hands of the needy -' ' ‘ Icaris. Stlss Deane was s' t 'ver, p.s se i agent, to procure military supplie.' . after Independen-’e was declar'd, cong '■ i decided a-pj--'- i-t a -orm.'il '-orniTris'-:-" m-gTh'.c tr.-at'.- with I’rar. " As of these mlnist'-rs, Air, J'-ff- :- = -.n . chaser!, ti" otlic-r two being ' ’ I'rankjir, ana SiDs Dea"". I Fut in the meantime Mr. ..raff? Graigneu h’>' t'-rat in cong-ress. r •' I borne, and iTad been elected to the ' g '"O '."•. -' '; ti ■■ I The temptation t" a-ceepl the a' - ■ I n (•■ t as minister to T-'ranco w ■ ' ' . -. he ’ esitatod a: - \ ser,g'-r of ■■■ongress waiting sever?.; -’?• jhe declined the position He prefe> :'-v i serve in the A'irgi-'.is leglslatu-ra. wl".•■■'■< i opporturuy w'is go 'den to ■■''•■■-?..'■ “ v st w.-.rli ’ : or ■ •- -1-r I'nder the Gid Order in A rs ' I main props r-:r"Th aristoi-ra-'y b?" ■ ■ i deeply planted. The union ?’?■"■•■'■ I state; the right of lira •'.■ ■ '-'t s?r i hcrit the w-h-fle estate of the fa.,; "■ law of entails wh.- h kept the : the family, in spite debts of • ior the heir’s ow! wish to »?• -e’ ; those anti-democratic p: ii'K ip'os w'■ - full force in A’irginii. In law. I. was a crime rral ’o'- i children into the FMscopni chur. - crime to bring a quake;- Into t’ o • ■ i a crime for quakors t-o assemble In law '.■ - • was 1 j win fionioil G-O'l. r.r claimorl t’ ' ; I wore- three God’, or pretended rc" ■■■' i derstand and ho',love jn go simp' -a ' I s'sltion ?s 'he Trinity a ■ ' Clllp’it Who -'Ollli’i v.'.t ' .: .‘■"■n be anybody's r • i ex< ; administrator, was Hable to J' -o ■ ■ . tody of his ''wn chiloron an,: w ; to continue his iheoiogi. al mcou ' ■■ .- ' i the penitentiary. ! Payment of tithes to ;he ch'- r< b. wa' | compulsory; attendance upon Jn tv . . j not only build and repair th.- ■ ' ' I occupy, not only ray the preach'': i"i ten to him Otherw se the • ■ -v. Ic keyl to it sharply ! il-. .-■.• As a matter of “•’-! i’ ■- - • j the code which sc. ni:- : - j forced with any i-C'. it n y ; y g.- •• , that which relates to tlih- ~ Th, j really did have to pay. There was some p si .-iitfl-n of Bar ' and qua.kers and other dissent"" I time to time, but the instances w . ■ ■ parat'vely few R< : gj. . . p. ••.- i the sonih was found in sp.-w.ydi. I and never became epidemic. In ■ i colonies this mania for perse, ’iti’-'- ; rage till the .jails were crowd. 1. scourge red with hi 'oil. the L 'fl-.- e tr-d with innoe nt victims, no ’ • ■ ■ were ever yvitn.'sse.l tn \ ! •_ . ,“ llgious toleration which Mar; ho-,,1 : proclaimed in 1649, became, w ith h w ' ceptious, the practice of sou ',•■> liies, Jn Groat Britain, an oyvl. like I Manstield. might tear his "P' pili g an eagle, like Shelly; no father " e prtvod of his children in Virgin:;' When the common danger , f H ' luttonary movement •!." all l-ir.:- -i people together, the Baptists in \ lra * shouldered their muskets and yvlunt ed to tight for the eauij. It w? t U 775) that the Baptist preachc-! s .;■ ’ forward and ask**d permission to pr- ■ to these Baptist soldiers, llow could ' a petition be turned down at h time.' L<.gal permission was given • that was the beginning of legal i. ugi - toleration in Virginia. Ah to primogeniture ami etil.ii \ ' •. la had them in all their vigor Tim.se huge • sintis were handed down from sire io son. and the grand eld man sions whose hospitality became a by wotd requited large revenues to keep them u tup Heme, jo mamtam the !• mlal ■ -mi’ li- ltnii tit tilery had to be in Virginia •- there were In lluglaml. legislative props ; liis m.-K'ui • nt' saiut must not be di';■! • •I. the slaves must be kept together to - li'-ir; hls debls could nut waste the in heri£anee, ami the law of entails would haiiu it down, unimpaired, to the firs; "■in sous forever. (To Be Continued.)