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economics of plantation.
h By Ulrich Bonnell Phillips, Ph. D., I nstructor. in History in the Univer
|' sity of Wisconsin.
JI
Since the end of the civil war there
has been in the south a tendency toward
Sthe multiplication of small holdings of
land, which has been thought to promise
the disappearance of all the plantations.
But a more careful study if the general
problem will show that the tendencies
in the unsettled periods of reconstruc
tion and later were probably of tempo
rary character, and that something like
the old plantation will be established as
the predomlaapt type of agricultural or
ganization In the south for the future.
The plantation was evolved in early
colonial Virginia as the most efficient
system for growing tobacco. That was
before African slaves were imported in
any appreciable numbers. The negroes
were soon found to fit in admirably with
the plantation arrangements. A similar
system was established in the Carolina
districts producing rice and indigo, nod
tn the sugar cane fields of Louisiana.
Finally the invention of the cotton gin
and the extension of cotton culture into
the uplands carried the plantation into
the whole of the staple producing south.
Wrprever the land was adapted to to
bggco, rice, indigo, sugar or cotton, the
plantation wo nthe victory over the small
farm. It was the survival of the fittest.
The involuntary servitude of the laborers
j was merely an incident. There is no es
sential reason why the freedom of the
slaves should destroy the plantations.
Conditions of the Problem.
The conditions of the problem in south
ern agriculture were and remain as fol
lows: 1. Abundance of land. 2. Money
crops, with uncertain money returns. 3.
Ignorant and unenterprising labor, and
4. A large number of efficient managers
of agricultural labor, who are usually
also the owners of the soil and of such
capital as exists. The problem is how
to organize this labor under the existing
conditions to secure the best returns.
In former times the plantation system
was developed as the most efficient for
the purpose, and today it is not at oil
clear that the usefulness of that system
has departed.
The plantation system was the applica
tion of manufacturing or capitalistic
methods to agricutural industry. He
owned the land, he planned the work of
the year, and be saw to it that the work
was done. His problem was to lay out
the fields for the best return, to keep
his laborers profitably at. work in all sea
sons, to guard against the overworking
of his laborers or his mules, and to watch
receipts and expenditures with un eye
for economy. If the planter failed in any
of these requirements, he lost his wages
<’ of superintendence. If he allowed ex
penditures to exceed receipts, he lost first.
Ins profits, then his rent and finally his 1
capital. By overworking his land, his I
mules or his laborers, to their injury, j
he might secure a greater return for one
year, but was sure to be the loser in the
long run.
in a normal period a small farm could
not compete with a well managed plan
tation in the production of the staples.
A man who is able to manage a small
farm to advantage is usually able to
superintend the labor of others in his line
of work. Wages of efficient superintend
ence are always much higher than the
wages of mere labor. The tendency,
then, in the staple regions where addi
tional labor was to la had, was for the
»uccessful farmer to establish himself as
a planter When an independent artisan
becomes a foreman in a factory or ad
vances further to the ownership and su
perintendence of a mill, lie does no
wrong to the other artisans or to the
factory operatives. By his efficient work
on the large scale he serves the whole
worla better than before. The advance
of a plowman into efficient plantation
management and ownership causes a net
increase in prduction, with a lowering
cost, and usually also means a better
ment for the laborers under him.
No Hardship for the Negro.
The plantation system in the south can
be no hardship for the negro. if his
wages are low and the wages of super
intendence high, it is because th.- laborer
is careless and slovenly, and th..- risk
of loss is great. The capable mulatto,
‘ and even the exceptional negro under
present conditions, may hope to advance
by thrift, from the status of a hired plow
> man or an independent farmer to become
an overseer or the owner and a mana
ger of a plantation.
In the reconstruction period there was
< a complete upheaval in the system of
southern industry. With the manager
dead in battle, with labor disorganized,
and with capital vanished from the lan.l,
seme new arrangement had to be de
vised. As a rule the negroes became
tenants, either on the basis of giving a
share of t<he crop for the use of the land
.;.W ;: WA '■ • ■ £’
The mirror never flatters; it tells
truth, no matter how much it may hurt the . !&,/■ &
pride or how humiliating and disagreeable \ ,b
the reflections. A red. rough skin is fatal
beauty, and blackheads, blotches and pimples j
■ are ruinous to the complexion, and no wonder such Ss^htX-,.... -j9 i |
desperate efforts are made to hide these blemishes, and 7/' I
cover over the delects, and some never stop to consider \ 'H'/// ij
the danger in skin foods, face lotions, soaps, salves i'/ ' d
and poy’ders, but apply them vigorously and often with
out regard to consequences, and many complexions
are ruined by the chemicals and poisons contained in these cosmetics.
Skin diseases are due to internal causes, to humors and poisons iu the
blood, and to attempt a cure by exter-
nal treatment is an endless, hopeless j
task. Some simple wash or ointment with a severs Nettle-rash.
• „ ~1.- About twelve years ago I started
is often beneficial when the skin is using' 3. 8 S., and after taking three
much inflamed or itches, but vou can’t bottles I felt myself cured and have
depend upon local remedies for perma- tS’dw
nent relief, for the blood is continually that line. My general health has
throwing off impurities which irritate s. ns a good mood medicin? and
and clog the glands and pores of all round tonic, Yours truly,
the skin, and as long as the blood re- Mrs - **
mains unhealthy, just so long will the *
eruptions last. To effectually and per- Some two years ago I suffered a
r , , . J , / creat deal, caused on aoc/unt of baa
manently cure skin troubles the blood blood. Small rash or pimplea broke
must be purified and the system out over my body and kept getting'
, J , , i -tx 1 worso day by day for over a year.
thoroughly cleansed and builc up, and Seeing - s. 3. 8. advertised in the pa-
S. S. S.. the well known blood purifier pers and having- heard also it had
, , ; • 1 -4. cured several people m this city,
and tonic, is acknowledged superior to concluded to give it a fail’ trial,
all other remedies for this purpose. It After using'the medicine for come
. ~ , 4. 3 i » time, taking m all six bottles, 1 was
is the only guaranteed strictly vegeta- entii’ely cured.
ble blood remedy. It never deranges EDWARD S?
. the system or impairs the digestion
I like Potash and Arsenic and drugs of this character, but aids in the digestion
and assimi’a 1 An of food and improves the appetite. Being a blood purifier
j —and tonic combined, £he humors and poi
‘ sons are counteracted and the blood made
f j CL an< * P urc > an< l at the same time the
.general health and system is rapidly built
B U P. g° o( l health is established, and
this, after all, is the secret of a smooth,
'-mskS* so ft s kin and beautiful complexion.
If you have any skin trouble send for our free book, “ The Skin and Its
Ik
T Wftff SWIFT SPECIFIC CO., A TLAHTA, GA,
and stock, or on the basis of a rental
in money or in cototn. By industry and
economy, a number of the negroes have
been able to buy land and mules of their
own, but the great majority remain rent
ers or croppers today. A large number
even of those who own their farms are in
a chronic state of debt to the merchants
who furnish their supplies. These mer
chants require this class of debtois to
plant a given amount of land in a money
crop, and they often employ inspectors
to see to it that the crops are kept in
adequate cultivation. Thus they make
sure that the debtor will be able to settle
his account in lull or in part when the
crop is sold. In good years the farmer
is able to pay off his current debts and
perhaps has a surplus left on hand, but
when crops are bad or prices are low a
mortgage must usually bp made in oi
dei to secure the advance ot supplies I<U
another year. A second year ol lailure
may establish the merchant as an un
willing landholder, and the debtor as his
tenant.
Renting or Cropping But Temporary
The present system of renting or crop
ping can be but temporary. Under it the
neen> is superintended in but a half
hearted way. Whenever he fails to raise
a good crop and to sell it at a good price,
h . involves his landlord and his creditors
with himself in a common embarrass
ment. Furthermore, the average negro
cannot maintain himself as an indepen
dent farmer, because his ignorance, in
dolence and instability prevent him irom
managing his own labor in an efficient
The most promising solution for the
problem is the reestablishment of the old
plantation system, with some form of
hired labor instead of slave labor. lhe
whole tendency of American industry Is
toward organization for more efficient
management. It is a dead loss for a
good manager to have no managing to
do. It is also a dead loss for a laborer
who needs management to have no man
agement. The most successful grain
farms in the west are really plantations,
where great gangs of men and machines
work under a single direction. A system
of small farms in the south would be an
unprofitable reaction from a. better sys
tem in the past. It. would be a lessening
of the net output in the staples and in
'he grain, meat and dairy products. It
is necessary to bring southern industry
in agriculture as well as in manufactur
ing to a modern progressive basis; and
the plantation system seems to be the
most efficient for the purpose.
For the last thirty-five years the most
progressive men in the country distiicts
of the soutii have been moving to near-by
towns or to the nori hern cities. This
1 is disastrous to agriculture and a reverse
tendency should be set at work. I nder
! th.- present regime, a hundred schools ot
agriculture and dairying would do little
good, for the farmer boy now goes to
college only in order to leave the farm
tor good Efficient managers can be at
tracted back to the soil only by some
arrangement which will offer promising
opportunities for management. A new
plantation system must offer profitable,
and attractive careers to well equipped
men or the pine thicket and the sedge
field will continue to be conspicuous fea
tures of the landscape in the cotton belt,
wasteful methods will continue in use,
and the southern farmers and southern
merchants will ever lag behind those of
the north and the west. The colleges of
agriculture in Wisconsin. Nebraska and
California have demands always pouring
in for twice or thrice as many men as
they . in equip to fill the attractive po
sitions which are offered upon the large
farms in need of managers. In Georgia
the eolleg. ot agriculture has for decades
been without students, because the sys
tem of renters and croppers ami small
farmers has prevented the rise of any de
mand for agricultural managers.
Model Plantation in the South.
Yet there already exists a tendency
for betterment in the south There are
several colleges of agriculture, like that
of Tennessee, which are drawing a fair
number of students; and the prosperity
ot these schools indicates that the soil
is efficiently demanding a number of
trained managers. Model plantations are
to lie found here and there, which are
most attractive as patterns. There are
planters in th.- Georgia cotton belt, tor
instance, who have conquered the disin
tegrating tendencies, and who at this day
conduct large plantations upon the old
system of management, but with
hired labor. A few of these planta
tions are survivals from the ante
bellum period. Others have been organ
ized as n* w enterprises by rm"n of natural
or inhi riti d ability for plantation man
agement.
I am acquainted with a gentleman, born
THE WEEKLY CONSTITUTION: ATLANTA, GA., MONDAY, AUGUST 31, 1903.
and reared upon a cotton plantation in
Troup county, Georgia, who moved to
Montgomery, Ala., upon reaching man
hood, and established himself in business
He achieved moderate success, but al
ways felt that yearning for the soil which
is felt by so many southerners away from
the plantation. At length lie resolved to
return to the country and apply, with
hired labor, the, methods of cotton rais
ing which ills father had applied in ante
bellum days. He bought a tract of land
in the Alabama cotton belt, built com
fortable cabins, hired several negro fam
ilies, selected the best of modern imple
ments and fertilizers, and by good man
agement made such a success that cap
italists have offered to buy an unlimited
amount of land for him if lie will under
take to organize upon it a modern plan
tation system. A number of other men
have received instruction from his ex
ample, ami his whole community is tend
ing to change from the renting and crop
ping system to the system of the planta
tion. This is not an isolated case, but
seems to be an earnest of a general move
ment. The great new peach orchards of
middle Georgia further illustrate 1 lie re
cent. tendency toward the plantation sys
tem and its adaptation to a variety of
crops.
Would Bring' Order Out of Chaos.
When the plantation comes to be re
established predominantly in the fertile
parts of tin south, it will bring order out
of the existing chaos. By introducing
system in place of haphazard work, it
will lower the cost of production, in
crease the output, and enable the south to
produce a greater amount of its food and
other needed supplies. It will infuse a
spirit of thrift into the southern com
munity, for the competition of plantation
managers for the market will not permit
of indolence.
The plantation system offers to the soutn
the best means of offsetting the ignorance
and laziness of the negro laborers. It
offers profitable work for blacksmiths,
engineers, millers, carpenters and other
artisans. As in a factory or a great busi
ness concern, (he system, when thorough
ly developed, will put a premium upon
ability and enterprise. Capable men will
be promoted to responsible positions. And
yet it need not involve any hardship upon
the ordinary laborer, further than the
requirement of regul.7.' hours ot work.
Under present conditions the average ne
gro cropper or renter lives from hand to
mouth with an extremely low standard ot
living. Money wages would bo much b< t
tor. Savings facilities could well be estab
lished, and perhaps also a profit-sharing
system. The unenterprising whites would
be drawn off to the factories, or they
would continue as small farmers, learn
ing improved methods from the neighbor
ing plantations.
Experience Has Taught.
The great fault of the ante-bellum sys
tem of plantations lay in its excessive
devotion to the staple crops, and in its
discouragement of manufacturing anil
other forms of industry. But the experi
•n< c of 1.1 ter years has destroyed the
belief in the omnipotence of raw cotton.
The planter of today and tomorrow must
accept his place as only one ot many
captains of industry, without expecting
to become the autocratic master of pro
duction or ot politics in the eountiy.
Any modern system must take a tone
from the active, pushing world of today;
but in essentials the plantations of old
could again look with hope to the system
v.im 1. produced th. line type of the south
ern gentlemen of the old regime. lie
pre-, ut heterogeneous conditions can only
be transitional. The- prevalence ot small
farms would be the prevalence of medi
ocrity and stagnation. The hope ot the
soul li is in the application of the prineipu*
of ihe division of labor to agricultural
production.
Opium, Morphine—Frea Treatment.
Painless home cure guaranteed. 1* reo
trial. Dr. Tucker, Atlanta, Ga.
METHODS OF DESTROYING
THE COTTON CATERPILLAR
\S the result of many inquiries as
to the methods of getting rid of
the cotton caterpillar, which has
be. n doing so much damage to the plant,
particularly in the southwestern part of
the state, Commissioner of Agriculture O.
B. Stevens has had prepared a letter
which he is sending out to all who write
lor information on this line.
The letter says in part;
"Th? larvae, or caterpillars, have bit
ing mouth-parts and hence can be killed
oniy by poisoning the cotton foliage with
sonic substance, which, when eaten, will
knf the caterpillars.
■Two substances ire largely used for
this purpose, arsenate of lead and parts
green.
"Spraying—Where the cotton is not too
large, and a knapsack sprayer is avail
able, tile cotton may be sprayed with
either of the following mixtures:
"I. Arsenate of lead, pounds; water,
50 gallons. The arsenate of had should
be first thoroughly mixed with a small
amount ol water ami this solution then
added to the barrel i»0 gallons) of water
ami thoroughly mixed. It should lie kept
tuoroughly stirred and agitated while in
use. as lhe arsenate will settle to the
bottom if allowed to stand lor any con
siderable length of time.
“2. Paris green, three-quarters of a
pound; lime, .1 1-2 pounds; water, 50. gal
lons. This mixture, like the above,
should be kept thoroughly stirred and
when placed in the knapsack sprayer
should be strained through a fine wire
gauze strainer or a loose-mesh cloth, in
order to prevent, particles of the lime
getting into the nozzle and clogging it
up.
"The use, of large barrel purnps, mount
ed upon a wagon or cart, is not prac
ticable in cotton fields at this season
of tile year, as considerable cotton will
be destroyed by the wheels and mules.
With the use of the knapsack pump upon
small sized cotton, each hand can spray
from 1 to 6 acres per clay. . . .
I "Dusting—The most rapid method of
■ distributing poison, as well as the cheap-
I est. is that of dusting the plants with
I parts green. For this purpose construct
a dusting machine as follows: From a
1-inch board cut out a piece 4 1-2 feet
long by 3 inches wide, and bore an inch
and a half auger hole 5 inches from each
end. Now make two sacks of unbleache.i
cotton sheeting, each sack alxiut 5 inches
wide by 15 inches long, closed at the ends
and open along one side. We have found
unstarched sheeting, running about 4
yards to the pound, to be the best for
this purpose. Tack the open edges of
the sack to tin? end and sides of the
board above mentioned in such away
that each sack is suspended below one
of the auger boles. This gives us a.
board with a sack attached to each encl,
with convenient holes for filling the
sacks, and which can be readily car
ried in one hand.
"Make a mixture of one part paris
green and four parts of air-slaked lime,
being careful to see that the mixture
is perfect and entirely dry. The board
when in use should be carried diagonally
across the row, in such a manner that
both sides of the row will be well dusted.
The operator walks along the row, shak
ing the board vigorously- enough to scat
ter the dust freely upon both sides of
the plant, as well as upon the growing
tips. Where the rows are not too far
apart, a duster of this kind can be car
ried in each hand and two rows thus
dusted at once."
ALTAR OF CHURCH ROBBED.
Crucifix and Gold and Silver Vessels
Taken.
Danville. Ills,, August 25.—After the
congregation of St. Josephs Unman Cath
olic church had assembled for mass early
this morning it was discovered that bur
glars during the night had robbed the
altar of the crucifix and of gold nnd sil
ver vessels.
Services were adjourned and held later
In St- Elizabeth hospital.
(Communicated.)
THE MILL MEN TO THE PEOPLE.
A STATEMENT ISSUED CONCERNING THE AGITATION OVER
MILL LABOR LAWS.
To the People of Georgia: In behalf of
one of the greatest industries in the state
of Georgia, we desire to take advantage
of the present freedom from political
i xiiiemcnt to again appeal to the conserv
tivc judgnicnt and business sinse of the
state. The mill development which has
progressed so rapidly 1 nthe south, rind es
pccfaly in Georgia, during receio years,
and which has stegh a poi< nt fac
tor in securing- for the farmers higher
prices for their cott. n, is periodically at
tacked and menaced about the lime of the
meeting of each session of the legisla
ture.
Representing these interests, we know
there is nothing to fear from a full dis
cussion of the facts, and, forth- r, that
ihe fair, conservative business men of this
state, the farmers and the great /asses
ol the people, are with us. These at
tacks come from the large citi' s. and a
few counties, in all of which labor un
ions arc organized and meddling in poli
ties. Our only dan«J' l> es * n the combina
tion between these in.bor unions and de
signing. scheming politicians—especially
the class that is always seeking for the
spectacular and sensational.
This was espetiaJ'y demonstrated at
lhe last session of the. legislature. Major
J. F. Hanson, by invitation, made an able,
conservative business presentation of the
question to the legislature, and by com
parison with their former coaJition show
ed that the mill employees of this state
are distinctly bettered ..by their employ
ment; that Jhe rules ea£orced by the
mills about the working of chihlr n are
wise, and all that arc necessary. and
that the true policy of the stall-, instead
of harassing, should ba to encourage
these industries.
Instead of meeting this with argument
the parlies agitating tbesy; tm i -iires re
plied in highly sensational harangues
dealing largely in personalities.
’The legislators who patiently and
thoroughly investigated the whole sub
ject before their committees, heard every
body that desired to prevent any views,
and after two days' discussion in the
open house, for the second time over
whelmingly defeated the proposed meas
ure. This defeat so embitteri|l some of
he labor union members of the legisla
ture, that lhe cry of lobbying w is raised
against the mill men. When the lobby in
vestigation was up it developed that the
mill men had not employed a single at
torney. nor any one else, but had ex
. raised their rights as citizens of Georgia
to appear before the committee and op
, use these, measures. It was clearly
shown that not one cent was spen . and
no improper methods resorted to by the
mill men. It further developed that there
was voted an appropriation by th- na
tional federation of trades then in ses
sion in New Orleans, to pass this bill,
and Messrs. Houston and Kilburn, two
•tembers of the legislature, instruct'd to
draw for the same, the money actually
being drawn by Houston. It w is further
■hown that the local labor union of At
lanta gave what is known as a srnoket
io the legislature in behalf of the child
iifbor bill, to which th I legislature was
invited ami at which beer, refreshments,
etc., were served.
Tr.ese same parties are agitating for oth
er legislation, and there are now pending
before the Georgia legislature bills pro
posing to limit the hours of woik in I'ac
.ories, ami as soon as any . iieouragement
■■■in be secured by the pa...--<gc- 01. these
measures, a proposition will come for a
labor bureau, presided over by a labor
delegate, to travel about -,vcr the state
at the public expense, for the purpose of
stirring up strife between employees and
their employers, amt igitating further
legislation discriminating against the
mills.
We warn these counties who are .'elect
ing these political labor union members to
represent them in the legislature and who
are sending representatives there to se
cure their seats by committing themselves
in advance to support all the schemes for
RISE IN COTTON JUSTIFIED
SAYS GENERAL M. C. BUTLER
(From The Now York Sun.)
G eneral m. c. butler, for a
numbei of years United States sen
ator from South Carolina and a
major general during the Spanish war
by appointment of President McKinley,
is at the Waldorf-Astoria and will be in
the city for several days. He goes from
here to Newport on the invitation of his
cousin, P rry Belmont.
General Butler bus been engaged in cot
ton planting ever since he came of age
and has owned his plantations for thirty
years. Since his retirement from the
United States senate he has devoted par
ticular attention to the subject of cotton
growing and is regarded as one of the
most progressive and best informed men
in the south regarding cotton.
A reporter asked General M. Butler
yesterday if ho had seen a st.itement
u&oiv
Shattered Nerves
and WeaK Heart.
Too Nervous to Sleep
or EVest.
Dr.Miles’Heart Cure and
Nervine Cured Me.
A shattered nervous system nearly always
leads to some affection of the heart, espec
ially where the patient's heart is weak from
hereditary or other causes. Dr. Miles’ Heart
Cure is not only a great heart regulator, but
it is a blood tonic which speedily corrects
and regulates the heart’s action, enriches the
blood and improves the circulation. It will
build you up just as it did Mr. Crawford
whose letter follows, and greatly improve
your general health:
"I have been so greatly benefited by Dr.
Miles' Nervine and Heart Cure that I freely
recommend them as the best remedies for
the diseases they are recommended to cure.
When I began taking these medicines I
weighed scarcely 140 pounds, my nerves
were badly shattered ana my heart troubled
me a great deal. I had pain in my left arm
and shoulder, had difficulty in sleeping on
mv left side, had .frequent smothering spells
and my heart would flutter and palpitate.
I could eat scarcely any kind of food without
suffering great distress, and was so restless
and nervous that I slept little night or day.
Now I am never bothered with my heart,
my nerves are steady as a die, I sleep well,
eat well and weigh 163 pounds. lam happv
now and am trying to make back the money
I spent for doctors who did me no good
while I was ill." —T. R. Crawford, Center,
Texas.
All druggists sell and guarantee first bot
tle Dr. Miles’ Remedies. Send for free book
on Nervous and Heart Diseases. Address
Dr. Miles Medical Co., Elkhart, Ind.
special and class legislation sought for
by the agitators in these unions. They
arc sowing the wind, and: will surely
reap the whirlwind.
Tim announcement is openly made by
the labor union in Its official publication
that they keep a standing legislative com
mittee and paid attorney and that they
are instructed to use their efforts in order
to secure « plank in the next democratic
platform of this state in favor of the la
bor laws they desire.
We call attention to the evils that have
followed in the wake of these labor or
ganizations In other parts of the country.
They have never stopped in the legitimate
bounds for which they could properly or
ganize, but everywhere we see strikes,
riots, Intimidation, boycotting and disor
der. Already the effort is being made to
organize the cooks and domestic help
throughout the south. Already we see the
official organ of these unions indorsing
»i band of socialists who have opened nn
in Atlanta for the purpose of disseminat
ing socialism in the south.
Wc have no quarrel with the labor
unions as such. They have the unques
tioned right to organize for their mutual
benefit, the same as any other Interest
or business in the country. We do as
sert. without the fear of successful con
tradiction. that they have no right to
secure special class legislation, discrimi
nating against the mills, the fanners, or
nnv other interest in the state in favor
of' themselves 'any more than any ot
these enterprises have the right to secure
class legislation against labor. All we
ask is equality and freedom from discrim
ination before the law.
If the farmers and business
of this state sit idly by and suffer trim
class of agitator, aided by disgruntled
politicians and sensationalists to get
their class legislation upon the statute
books of this state, the evils Wi In ot be
confined to the mill men. but wil pa t
lyze every branch Os industry in the
Sl ‘i. l great cry has been raised about vag
abond fathers working their cnll^ erl
the mills—they becoming dinner tote.ts.
Following the suggestion mane ini J e
cent address by the Georgia Industrial
Association, the last legislature Passed
a verv wise vagrancy la w, known ,i.. th.
Galvin bill, by which these vagabond
parents are legally ‘’ockned vagrants.
If enforced, this law will cure even the
small amount of evil of this t11 ' 1 ;
mav exist, without dealing a bio,.to <>n<.
of the state's great Industries. So anx
ious are the mills to cure any such evds
that they 1 ave had this law posted in al.
the cotton mills of the state.
The Georgia. Industrial Association has
a standing rule prohibiting the working
of any child under ten years old in anj
of its mills under any conditions, ant.
prohibiting the working of any child
under twelve years old except under cer
tain wise provisions, and from working
at night under any conditions.
We have heretofore asked, and again
urge any party who knows of any vio
lation of this rule to communicate with
either of the following officers of the as
soei.ition: F. B. Gordon, president, t'o
lumbus. Ga.: It. F. Meikleham vice
president, Lindale. Ga.; Charles D. Tal
ler, secretary and treasurer. Atlanta, Ga.;
J. I'. Vcrdery. chairman, Augusta. Ga.;
J. L. Hand, i’elham, Ga.; J. F. Hynson,
Ma,on, Ga.; Fuller E. Callaway, La-
Grange. Ga.; H. L. Johnsen. Palmetto,
executive committee, and promise that
speedy action and redress will be forth
coming.
It you know of such violations, do not
wait until the legislature is in session
and then come with a plea about "little
white slaves" and all this sensational and
sentimental appeal to help these agita
tors get their laws through.
Wc appeal now to your judgment and
to the thinking people of the state to
join with us in protecting the growth
and ilevelopment ot this great industry
in Georgia and ask you to see that your
member.-, ol the legislature ire nor com
mitted by these labor unions, agitators
and sentimentalists to vote for an> ot
thi.se measures, but on the contrary that
they will vote for the interests of the
state, tin mills and future development
by opposing all such laws.
The question must be finally settled by
the same force that lias marie Georgia
such a progressive and at. the same time
conservative state. We have no fears of
the result when once the question is
properly understood, and ask the fullest
investigation and discussion—especially
when freed from political excitement.
GEORGIA INDUSTRfAI ASS'N..
By F. B. Gordon. President.
from Secretory Wilson, of the agricultu
ral department, concerning the advance
In the price of cotton ami containing some
severe strictures upon the men who late
ly have been operating in the cotton
market. The secretary of agriculture did
not. hesitate to characterize them as
gamblers:, and to severely criticise them
1 as such.
1 "Yes, I have seen what was said t<>
have been the expression of opinion of
Secretary Wilson.” said General Butler,
"and I must think that he spoke without
correct information. Indeed, I am bound
to say that he seemed not to know what
he was talking about. The gentlemen to
whom he refers as gamblers, Messrs.
1 Brown and Hayne, are not only among
’ the most reputable business men in the
1 country, but are gentlemen of the high
est character. One of them Mr. Hayne,
is from my own state, and I think he will
stand fair comparison, as will Mr. Brown,
from Mississippi, with Secretary ilson
or anybody in official or business life, 1
must say I was surprised at what ap
peared to me to be a very reckless charge,
one which was not justified by the facts
"The fact Is that Messrs. Brown and
Hayne have done more for the producers
of cotton, the farmers, in a few months,
than the department of agriculture has
done in teti years. 1 was somewhat sur
prised at Secretary Wilson, for he did not
appear to get into a frenzy of indignation
when certain other gentlemen in the west
were making a corner on wheat and corn,
which enhanced the value of these two
commodities and from which the farmers
got the benefit.
“The secretary seems to be particularly
concerned about the operators and the
cotton mills; that the cotton mills have
had to shut down and put out of employ
ment a. large number of employees, and
that therefore it's a great wrong upon the
cotton mills. Now In regard to that,
Messrs. Brown nnd Hayne simply bought
cotton from the bears in the cotton mar
ket and required them to deliver the cot
ton, and, of course, the price went up.
"As a rule, the managers of the cotton
mills all over the country are bears and
sympathize with the bear operators. Very
naturally, their interest is to lower the
price of the raw material, and they heed
ed the representations made by the bear
operators, exaggerated the last crop of
cotton and failed to provide themselves
with the raw material to keep their mills
going. That is all there is in that. ’
"Can you say anything with reference
to the profits in manufacturing cotton
cloth from the raw cotton?"
“Well, only in a verj' general way. A
friend of mine who is largely interested in
the manufacture of cotton in the south
gave me some statistics at one time of
the profits from say a pound of raw cot
ton converted into the finished product,
and I am told that in many instances
that profit has been anywhere from 10
per cent to 70 per cent, which, of course,
is very gratifying to me, for I didn't want
to see the cotton mills of the north, or,
the south either, crippled in any way.
But they have not paid a fair price for
cotton in the last ten years, and if the
law of supply and demand is to cut any
J Guy Holmes
| in a small town in Nc-
I braska, earned $77.18
I in December, selling
aiurclG y
jw''w®S'V “'is sei TN A DAINIY little booklet,
w ' > We which wc will send to any b ° y
§ 4 X » W free, twenty-five out of more than
g. fV.. W three thousand bright boys tell in
I- ? V W their own way just how they have
SATImndYV ® made a success of selling Ihe
!;'■■ ; SaturnAY Evening Post. Pictures
Sm ' £VEv /NG W Os the boys—letters telling how
LfO they built up a paying busmess out-
S^a«'POST * s *^ e school hours —interesting
; ijSfflsa stories of real business tact.
wWafrini Some of these boys are making $lO to sls a week.
Yo" can do the same. NO MONEY REQUIRED
TO START. We will furnish ten copies the first
' IP-X WPC k free of charge, to be sold at five cts. a copy.
StffiiEagX You can then send us the wholesale price for as
~ IF many as vou find you can sell the next week
H I | F YOU WILL TRY IT WE WILL SEND THE COPIES
0 AND everyth,ng necessary.
CASH PRIZES
B w jl] be distributed Next Month
I among boys who sell sor more Copies Weekly.
B THe Curtis Publishing' Company
ES 411 Arch St., Phiiadelphio. Pa.
figure now raw cotton ought to be worth
15 cents a pound.
"And if. as I understand the mills state
they cannot manufacture cotton at the
present price and make any money out of
it. the simple remedy for that is to buy
the cotton at the ruling price and put up
the price of the manufactured goods, for
I think we may safely expect that we will
in a very few months find a famine of
cotton manufactured goods in this coun
try."
"What is the visible supply of raw cot
ton in the market, and about how long
would it last?"
"My information, and I think it is pret
ty accurate, is that the visible* supply of
cotton today is about 580.000 bale.-', which
would bo about three weeks’ supply for
the cotton mills. That is my informa
tion."
"And how long before the now crop
will begin to come into the market.'"
"Well, they arc picking cotton now in
the extreme south, but as a rule cotton I
ought to be rushed in in October or No- .
vem'ber 2 and then, of course, the mills i
can buy what cotton they want. And 1
think 1 ought to make another statement. 1
which I believe to be correct, that wo are !
now having the greatest rotton famine ;
in this country sin* o the civil war. 11
want to repeat that cotton should he i
selling today for 15 cents a pound, if the |
rule of supply and demand is to cut any |
figure." I
"What is your information as to the j
number of bales of cotton in the last ;
crop?"
"Well. I undersatnd the boars sent cir
culars fill over this country and Europe
representing that the crop would be 11-
500,000 bales or thereabouts, whereas, if
1 am correctly informed, it was only a'out
10,250,000 bales, and if the cotton factories
were bettor informed they would have
laid in a supply to keep their fnct'Ties
in operation.”
"In other words. Messrs. Brown and ■
Hayne had better information as to the
actual crop than the manufacturers of
cotton?"
“Unquestionably.”
"And they took advantage of this?"
"They simply took advantage of it and
acted upon it, and they required the bears
to deliver the cotton that they bought,
and that is all there is in it."
"Secret Iry Wilson takes an alarmist
view of the foreign competition in the
growing of cotton, referring to the possi
ble increase of the cotton area in Egypt
after the completion of the Nile dam
"The German, the English, the I rem li
and the Russian governin'uts have fol
COTTON CROP WILL BE GOOD
Despite Rain and Worms the Fields
Promise a Rich Harvest.
Jackson. Miss A g '
Despite complaints of too much ram. Ira: ,
of early frost and reports of damage oy ;
the army worm, the pros;** et.s conti’auo >
bright for a magnificent cotton crop m ,
Mississippi this year.
Conservative observers of the crop a * 1
agreed that, although there lias bem a i
great deal of ruin during the ;ust mo.'.th, j
cotton lias not been rliimage.i i" anj j
great extent by excessive moisuire ex- :
cept in a. verj lev. localiti. .-* whyr*- im
plant lias taken on a rank and unhc illlij ;
growth.
The only critical phase of the situation ■
is the damage that ivt lid b > eiwi 1
an early frost. Tne crop is from tur.
to six weeks late, ami it ll’.eiu is a ' lbi '
ration of Killing trust over the bt " te
earlier than tnv latter part >’t •.•etobvi
the yield will be very materiailj r* .tuceu,
j* rust rarely comes in Mississippi l;i
lining quuiiMties oeroia tne u..«u>v ut
xsoveuiber and Otten 11 is uciei*i<-a "tio- ,
cue first wcl-k u. Dectinoei. tile pies- ,
ent season, however, lias oven unsuai 111
many rc-spects and Uns increases tm reel
ing of uneasiness among tile piameis.
the first bales ot new coiton, t"o m
number, were received at Magnona on
Tuesday and were sold tor 1. 1-8 c :.i
per pound. they were rm-.d OJ a man
named Sandy Simmons.
An investigation of tin reported apP'-i*-
ancc of the Mexican boll wewil in Yazoo ■
county snows that the. bug whien Im?
been stinging the cotton in that county I
is not the weevil, but its proper speems
has not yet been defined. '1 he .lam '
bi ing caused by the army worm is con ■
lined chiefly to the northeastern section
of the state.
In many sections of the st it-* the corn
crop averages from 40 to M buslie.s
per acre, and is the finest that has ..een
grown in Mississippi for main ’• l 'U rs *
Some farmers state that they iiavn rajs-. 4
enough corn to last them two years. The
excellent corn yield will im i.i a Lug >
amount of home grown meat an 1 a drop
ping off in patronage of northern pack
ing' houses. *
SLAYER OF WOMAN HANGED.
Media, Pa.. August 25.—Robert Kiipat- 1
rick was hanged hero today for the mur- ,
der in Februat y. IS'C. of Elizabeth Bear
more. his housekeeper. He was the first
white man to be executed in Delaware
county in more than sixty years.
Poisoned by Eating Mushrooms.
La. Crosse, Wis., August 25.- As a result
of eating mushrooms picked in their yard
the entire family of six of B. L. Schuler,
of this city, and a guest. Mrs. A. Clark,
of Chicago, are seriously ill with ptomaine
poisoning. It is thought that toad stools
were mixed with the mushrooms. Mrs,
Clark is very low.
years been trying to find a locality suit
able for the production of cotton, and so
far they do not seem to have made mu ii
progress. Ten or twelve years ago per
hays longer than that—the Russian gov
ernment employed a very intelligent young
cotton planter in my state and set him
into Central Asia with a view to develop
ing the cotton growing in that country,
but my info-mation is that it was a fail
ure, and I am Inclined to think that. John
C. Calhoun was right when he said th it
cotton, to be successful!)' grown in any
country, must have frost. ’
"In view of the increasing world de
mand for cotton, do you think that we m
this country have any cause to fear for
eign competition?"
"Not the slightest. On the contrary. I
think we will go on increasing the crop.
Tin* demand is increasing every year.
Th ■ enormous increase of cotton factori:
in the south is absorbing a great deal **f
t the crop made in that, section, and it s
I going to continue, for these cotton mills,
; wherever properly managed, have made
! enormous profits. That is one of the rca
i sons why it was so important for the cot-
I ton planters of the south to have, what
' they call an o; en door in China, and this
I is going to be one of the principal mar-
I kets for rnainifactnrr de cotton goods i i
the south.
I "And 1 v. ant to say in that connection
I that tiiis country, particularly the south
-1 i 11 part ol t is greatly indebted t*i Mr.
I Secretary Hay. of the state department,
i for liis abl *. firm anil distinguished con-
I du t in dealing with that question of the
open door, and if he is sustained in that
attitude I do not think that the cotton
manufacturers of this country have any
thing io fear."
"What is your opinion, general, as to
the outlook of th< pres
"My manager on my plantation writes
me that the crop is about three weeks
! late, but at present is doing well. How-
I ever, it is unsafe to form any opinion
about the cotton crop until alter Septem
ber 20. The crucial p*. riod in a cotton
crop is from about August. 20 to Septem
ber 20."
"Then what do you make out of Secre
tary Wilson's statements."'
"Well, summarized bri tly, 1 should say
that thc\ amount’d to an unwarranteci.
and it .-‘•■ms to me. 1 lh'-r wanton char
acterization Os repatal’h- business men.
I doing business in < b gitiinat** and honor-
I able' way. as cotton gamblers. That,
ami a number of bogeys, apparently the
emanation of Secretary Wilson’s rather
vast 'a-'k 'I information on what he was
talking about, s*- m to me about all his
pronunciamento comes to."
I UR IS CLOSED TO AMERICANS
Turkey Doesn't Want Yankees To
Dig in Babylonia.
N'-w York. August 25.-After more than
; three ymirs of preparation and effort and
! the e'. 1 ■ nrlit'ire of more than JG.iiOO a
I plan for the * xcavation of Ur of the
' Ch.tldi es and other places in Babylonia by
I American explorers has been formally
i abandoned because the Turkish govern-
I meat will not grant permission to Ameri
i can citizens to do the work. In a letter
I to subs.a ihe*.s of the Ur exposition, the
1 It. v. Dr. John U. Betel's, chairman of the
I advisory board, says:
i "On June 19. U'W, an application was
' made for an irade to excavate Maughen,
! Ur of th. Chaldees, ami Nawawis ruins
I in close proximitt in southern Babylonia,
i and tl.e requir.-.l topographical map was
submitted with this application. The ap
plication was in all respects in conformity
with the law of the Turkish empire gov
erning excavations.
"No permission to excavate has been
obtained, nor has any satisfactory reason
been given for the. failure to grant such
permission. Later, at the suggestion of
i the Turkish authorities. Tel-Ibrahim was
I substituted for Maugheir, with the same
I "Dr. Edgar J. Banks, the director of
, the expedition, has been in Constanti
nople since January 17. 1901, earnestly
pressing the Turkish government with the
.•..operation of the United States legation
for permission to excatave."
Great Volcano on the Market.
Mexico Uity. August 27. New York cap
italists who propose buying the volcano
of I’ots.smtepetl for sttlpht.tr mining will
have to make a deposit ot ss('.iH‘)i) gold be
fore September 30 to General Sanchez
Ochoa, owner of the volcano, to bind the
bargain. He will, as a part of the. pur
chase pri. *. receive Js".'»'ii shai»' in the
company H is projected to build a rai
way up the mountain for tourists and for
th.* transportation of sulphur, and also a
hotel at the summit, some 18.000 feet abovq
ib.* se t level. Power for operation of the
railroad and su’phur mining plant will be
g. neratc.i on the contiguous volcano of
IxtocchiiatJ. where the company is ac
quiring V. iter rights.
Selling’ Philippine Certificates.
I Washington. August 25—Bids were opened
• today at the bureau of insular affairs, -war
department. »or the purchase of $3,000,000
certificates of ir.c'.ebtedness for the Philip
pine government. Harvey Fisk & Co.,
of New York, bid lor ill or any part of
the amount a.t $1.02 21-100. This was the
only bid for the whole amount jjtd It was
a cc.epted.
DR. W. A. STARNES.
SPIX I H INT.
For the cure of Morphine, Cocaine, Whiskey
nnd Nervous Diseases. Write for information,
7u4 Decatur Hoad, Inninn Park. Atlanta, Ga.
7