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QUESTION OF CANAL ROUTE NOW IRREVOCABLY DECIDED President Roosevelt So Announ ces in His Message Io the Congress. SITUATION SIMPLY THIS: ■wmiw Reference to Army Promotions Is Construed as Being- on the Nom ination of General Wood. Panama Question Tully Dealt With. Washington, December 7.—The features of the president’s message today were his reference to jeomotions in the army, and the conditions loading up to and sur rounding the recognition of Panama. It is taken here by many that the army reference was intended to have divert ’earing on the Wood promotion when the president says, referring to the advance ment of men after they leave West Point: "No brilliancy, no amount of hard work, no eagerness in the perform ance of duty, can advance him, and no slackness or indifference that falls short of a courtmartial offense can retard him. Until this sytem is changed, we cannot hope that cur of ficers will be of as high a grade as we have a right to expect. - ’ In muling with the Panama canal, the pr< inent says that it was simply a ques tion of route, and not the country to be •halt with: and that as the route has irrevocably decided, it is only a question as to whether a canal shall be built. The message, in part, follows: The President's Message’ ! Hi- s. nate and House of Represen tatives; The country is to be congrat ulated o.i the amount of substantial a'hi. cement which has marked the past year both as regards our foreign and as regards our domestic policy. With a nation as with a man, the most imp-.rt.int things are those of the house 1. • 1 and therefore the country- is espe cially to be congratulated on what has been accomplished in the direction of pro viding for the exercise of supervision over the great corporations and combinations ot corporations engaged in. Interstate com merce. Corporations. ’.'he congress has . reat> d the department of commerce and labor. Including the bu reau of corporations, with for the first time authority to secure proper publicity' of such proceedings of these great cor porations as the public has the right to know, it has provided lor the expediting <-.’ suits for the enforcement of the fed- < r.il anti-trust law; and by another law it has secured cqua] treatment to all r educers in the transportation of their * ods, thus taking a long stride forward I:: making effective the work of the In ter state commerce commission. Department of Commerce and Labor. I’he establishment of the department of •mmerce and labor, with the bureau ot corp -ration thereunder, marks a real ad x .n. in the direction of doing all that 1- possible for the solution of the ques- ’ s vitally affecting capitalists and > .g workers. The act creating the de- .-men was approved on February’ 14. 1903. ar.d two days later the head of the < partment was nominated and confirmed by the senate. Since then the work of : ga.izati.m has been pushed as rapidly . th initial appropriations permitted d with dr.- regard to thoroughness and t., ui. J pi;--; wes which the department .'-■signed t-j serve. After the transfer th-.- various bureaus and branches <o d !•:.rtmert at th. beginning of the n t fiscal year, as pt >vi< d so: in the tin per.'-mnei comprised 1.289 ern es In hi igton at d 8.836 in the ■ untry at large. Th. scope of the depart .... duty and authority embraces the • mmerciai and industrial interests of : . it i >t d med t restrict ■•i irol the fullest liberty of legitimate . . action, but to secure exact and. : . h Wil! aid the ... tn., in enforcing xisting laws, and , will •noble the congress to enact ■ivnaj legislation, If any should lie • i. . -.-ary. in order to prevent the . . privil* ges at th of diminished opportunities tor the Surplus Is Disappearing-. from all sources, exclusive, of the postal the receipts of the government ... ggregat; I $560,- 396 674 The expenditures for the same w»-re 5506.099.007, the surplus for t . al vear being $54,297,667. The In arc that th- surj lu- for the EIGHT REASONS why Scott’s Emulsion is an ideal food-medicine. 1. It is partly pre-digested a id therefore passes quickly into the blood. 2. It imposes no tax upon the stomach or other digest ive organs. 3. It does not cause fermentation such as usually results from ordinary food when the stomach is weak. 4. Its action is mild and even, insuring the greatest nourishment with the least effort. 5. Its quality is always uniform. 6. It feeds and strengthens the bones, blood, nerves and tissues. 7. It is one of the greatest flesh producers known to medical science. 8. It is palatable and agreeable to the taste and easily taken. Well send you a sample free upon request. SCOTT & BOWNE, 409 Pearl Street, N. Y. present fiscal ye.ar will be very small, if indeed there bo any surplus. From July to November tne receipts from customs were, approximately, $9,000,000 lerzs than the receipts from the same source for a corresponding portion of last year. Should this decrease continue at the same ratio throughout the fiscal year, the surplus would be reduced by, approximately, $30.- 000.000. Should the revenue from cus toms suffer much further decrease dur ing the fiscal year, the surplus would vanish. A large surplus is certainly un desirable. The need of strict economy in our expenditures Is emphasized by the face that we cannot afford to be par simonious In providing for what Is essen tial to our national well-being. The Integrify of our currency Is beyond question, and under present conditions It would be unwise and unnecessary to at tempt a reconstruction of our entire monetary system. The same liberty should be granted the secretary of the treasury to deposit customs receipts as is granted him in the deposit of receipts from other sou roes. Immigration and Naturalization. We cannot have too much immigration of the right kind, and we should have none at all of the wrong kind. The need Is to devise some system by which un desirable Immigrants shall be kept out entirely, while desirable immigrants are properly distributed throughout the coun try. At present some districts which need Immigrants have none; and in others, where the population is already congested. Immigrants come in such numbers as to depress the conditions of life for those already there. During the last two years the Immigration service at Now York has been greatly improved, and the corrup tion and inefficiency which formerly ob tained there have been eradicated. This service has .fust been investigated by a committee of New York citizens of high standing. Their report is now Receiving the attention of the secretary of com merce and labor. The special investigation of th<> subject, of naturalization under the direction of the attorney general, and the consequent prosecutions, reveal a. condition of affe it s calling for the immediate attention of the | congress. Forgeries and perjuries of shameless and flagrant, character have been perpetrated, not only in the dense centers of population, but throughout the country; and it is established beyond doubt that very many so-called citizens of the United States have n.> title what ever to that right, and are asserting .end enjoying the benefits of the same through the grossest frauds. It is never to be forgotten that citizen ship is. to quote the words recently used by the supreme court of the United States an ‘‘inestimable heritage,' - whether it pro ceeds from birth within the country oi ls obtained by naturalization; and we poison tne sources of our national charac ter and strength at the fountain, if the privilege is c: limed and exercised without right, and by means of fraud and corrup tion. The body politic cannot be sound and healthy If many of its constituent members claim their standing through the prostitution of the high right and call ing of citizenship. It should mean some thing to become a citizen of the United States; and In the process no loophole whatever should be left open to fraud. Frauds and Frauds. Recent investigations have sh wn a. deplorable state of affairs in these three matters of vital concern. Uy various frauds and by forgeries and perjuries thou sands of acres of the public domain, embracing lands of different character and extending through t arious sections of the country, have been dishonestly acquired. It is hardly necessary to urge the importance of recovering these dis honest acquisitions, stolen from the peo ple, and of promptly and dyly punish ing the offenders. 1 speak in another part of this message of the widespread crime s by which the sacred right of < it iz-.nsnip is falsely asserted ami that “In estimable heritage” perverted to base ends. Uy similar me; ns—that is. tlir >ugh frauds, forgeries and perjuries, and by shameless bribe'les—-the laws relating to the proper conduct of the public service in general and to the due administra tion of the postoffice department have b<en notoriously violated, and many in dicements have been found, and the con sequent prosecutions are in course of hearing or on the eve thereof. For the reasons thus indicated, and so that the government may be prepared to enfor-o promptly and with the gr, atvSt effect the due penalties for such violations of law. and to this end may be furnished with sufficient instrumentalities and compe tent legal assistance for the investiga tions and trills which will be necessary at many different points of the coun try. I urge upon the congress the neces sity of making the said appropriation available for immediate use for all such purposes. to be expended under the di rection of the attorney general. St. ps have been taken by the state de partment looking to the making of bribery an extraditable offense with foreign pow ers. The need of more effective treaties covering this crime is manifest. The exposures and prosecutions of official corruption in St. Louis, Mo., and other cities and states hav* r; suited in a num ber of givers and takers of bribes be coming fugitives in foreign lands Bri ry has not be 11 ex luded in extra dition treaties heretofore, as the neces sity for it has not arisen. While there rr.av have been as much official corrup tion it: former years, th're has been more developed and brought to light in the irnrnedate j ast than in the preceding century of our country's history. it should be the policy of the United States to leave no place on earth where a cor rupt man fleeing from this country can rest tn pence. There is no reason why bribery should not be Included in all treaties as extraditable. Tlie ic-nt anitndi-d tre.-py with .Mexico, whereby this crime was put in the list of extra ditable offenses, has established a salu tary precedent fn this regard. Uml'r tais treaty the state dei i-tment has asked, and Mexico has grant-'d. the ex tradition of one of the St. Louis bribe- There can be no crim.- more serious than bribery. Other offenses violate one law. while corruption strikes at th foun dation of all law Alaskan Boundary. For several years past the rapid devel opment of Akuka a.'.d the establishment ot growing American interests In regions theretofore ttnsui v> yed and imperfectly known brought into prominence the urgent necessity of .1 practical demarca tion of the boundaries between the ju risdictions of the United States and Gent Britain. Although the treaty of 11525 be tween Great Britain and Russia, the pro visions of which were copied in tin- treaty of 1867. whereby Russia conveyed Alaska to the United States, was positive as to tlie control, first by Russia and later by the United States, of a strip of territory along the continental mainland from the western shore of Portland canal to Mount St. Elias, following and surrounding the Indentations of th- coast and including the islands to the westward, its description of the landward margin of the strip was in definite. resting 011 the supposed existence of a continuous ridge or range 01 moun tains skirting the coast, as figured in the charts of the early navigators. It had at no time been possible for either party in interest to lay down, under the authority of the treaty, a line so obviously exact according to Its provisions as to command the assent of the other. For nearly thr< c fourths of a century the absence of tan gible local interests demanding the exer cise of positive jurisdiction on eitlur side of the border left the question dormant. In 1878 questions of revenue administra tion on the Stikino. river led to the estab lishment of a provisional d. marcation, crossing the channel between two high peaks on either side about, twenty-four miles above the river mouth. In 1899 similar questions growing out of the ex traordinary development of mining inter ests in the region about the head of Lynn canal brought about a temporary modus vlvendl. by which a convenient separation was made at the watershed divides of the White and Chilkoot passes and to the north of Klukwan, on the Klehini river. These partial and tenta tive adjustments could not, in the very THE WEEKLY €X)NS?mOTION« ATLANTA, GA.. MONDAY. DECEMBER 14, 1903. nature of things, be satisfactory or last ing. A permanent disposition of the mat ter became imperative. By award the right of the United States to the control of a continuous strip or border of the mainland shore, skirting all tho tide-water inlets and sinuosities of the coast, is confirmed; the entrance to Portland canal (concerning which le gitimate doubt appeared’! is defined as passing by Tongass inlet and to the northwestward of Wales and Pearse isl ands: a lino is drawn from the head of Portland canal to the 56th uegree if north latitude; and the interior border line of the strip is fixed by lines con necting certain mountain stmmits lying bc'ween Portland canal and Mount St. Elias, and running along the crest of the divide separating the c slope from the Inland watershed nt th? only part of the frontier where the drain:; re ridge approaches the coast within tho distance of 10 marine leagues stipulated by the treaty as the ex'reme width if the strip around the heads of Lynn ca nal and its branches. While the lino oo traced follows th; provisional demarcation of 1878 at the crossing of tho Stikine river, and that of 1899 a: the summits of th-' -White and f'hilkoot passes, it rims much farthei inland from the Klelrnl than the tem porary line of the later modus vivendi. anel leave.” tho entire mining district es the Porcupine river and Glacier creek within the jurisdiction of the United States. Relations with Turkov and C’hlna. anel the rural free delivery system. good roads and the St. Louis’ exposition are treated in brief. Irrigation. The work of reclamxtiem of the arid lands eif the west is progressing steadily and satisfactorily unel>r tho terms of the law setting aside the proceeds from the; disposal of publie’ lane’s. 'l’he corns of engineers known as the reclamation service, which is eondu’ting tlie surve-s anel examinations, has be; n thoroughly erganlzed. osnocuil pains being taken to secure under tho civil-,-, rvico rides a body of skilled, experienced and e-fficie nt mon. Survevs ee l e-x ;; ii.ia;ions are: pro gressing throughout the arid states ai’d territories, plans fen- reclaiming works be ing prepared anel passerl upon by boards of engineers before approval by tho secretary of the Interior. Tn Arizona and Ne vada. in localities where such work is |>reominohtß- needed, construction has already bee.n bonim. Tn o’hor parts of the ’.rid west various proji'is ar. well advanced towarel the drawing up of con tracts. these being delayed in part by necessitb s- of reaching agreements ■ r un derstanding as regards rights of way or acquisition of real estate. Most of the works con 1 omplated for construction are of national importance, involving inter state questions or the scouring of stable self-supporting communities in the midst of vast tracts of vacant land. Tho na tion as a whole is. of course, the gainer by th'- creation of these homos, add'ng as they do to th'- wealth and stabilby of the country, and furnishing a home market for tho products of tlie oast and south. The reclamation law. while per haps pot ideal, appears at present to an swer the larger needs for which it is designed. Further legislation is not rec ommended until the necessities of change ata- mor.- apparent. Preservation of Forests. The study of tho opportunities of recla mation of the vast extent of arid land shows that whether this reclamation is done by individuals, corporations or the state, the source of water supply must be effectively protected and Hie res; r voirs guarded by the preservation of 'lie forests at tlie headwaters of the streams. The <nglneers making the preliminary examinations continually emphasize this need and urge that the remaining public lands at tlie headwaters of :he impor tant streams of the west be i< •rv • d to insure permanency of waiter supply for Irrigation. Mu. h progress in forestry has been made during tlie past year. Tlie necessity for perpetuating our forest reserves, wheHier in »üblb or private hands, is recognized now as never beiore. '1 he demand for forest reserves has be come insistent in the w.-t, because the west must use the watir, wood and summer range which only such reserv-s can supply Progress:! v> liimberrn’a are striving, through forestry, to gave their business permanence. Oth-r gi .H busi ness interests .arc awakening to the need of forest preservation as a business mat ter. The government’s- forest work should receive from congress hearty sup port. .and cspf.-ially simp-art adequate for the protection ol ;••>. tore-t res. rv -s against fire. The forest reserve policy of 'he government has passed beyond tlie experiment al stage ami has reach-d a condition where - l< ntili ■ methods are essential to its succe-sful pros-.-ution. The administrative features r>f for. -t re serves are at present unsatisfactory, be ing divided be: ween till..- bureaus of two d.-ii-n tment-. ft 1 therefore recom mended that all matters n-rtalning to forest r.’-ser\-;--. ex.-ens those involving or pertaining to land titb s, be consoli dated in the bur'an ot forestry of flic department of agriculture. Cotton Weevil. The cotton growing states have re cently been invaded by a weevil that has don’, much damage ad threatens the entire cotton industry. I suggest tlie congress the prompt enactment of such rem-’dlal legislation as its judgment Pensions. No other class of our citizens deserve so well of the nation as those- to whom the nation owes its very being, the vet erans of the civil w;;i Special attention is asked to tin- excellent work of the |>--n --siem bureau in expediting and disposing of pension claims. Luring the fiscal yen’- ending July I. 1903. the bureau settled 251.982 claims, an average of 825 claims for each working day of the year. The number ot settlements since July I. 1903. lias been in excess of last year's average, approaching 1.000 clams fo'- each work ing day, .aid it is believed that the work of the’ bureau wdl lie current at the close of the present fiscal year. Civil Service. During the year ended June 30. last. 25.566 persons were appointed through competitive, examinations under the civil service rul'-s. This was 12.672 more than during the preceding year, .and 40 per cent of those who passed the examina tions. Tills abnormal growth was larg; ly occasioned by the extension of classifi cation '.‘i the rural :r deliv 1 and the appointment last year of over 9.000 rural carriers. A revision of the civil service rule.- took effect on April 15. last, whi-h has greatly improved their opera lion. The Army. ’i’he effect of the laws providing a gen eral staff for tie am y ai d for the more effective use of the National Guard has been excellent. Great improvement has been made in the efficiency of our army in recent, years. Such schools as those erected at Fort Lent ■ n worth and Fort Riley and the inst It in ion of fall maneu ver work o-cnninlisli satisfactory results. The good efl'. - i of th«-se m.'neuvers upon the National Guard i. innikml. .-md am ple appropriation should be made to en able the guardsmen of the several states to share in the benefit The government should as soon as passible secure suitable permanent camp sites for military ma neuvers in the various sections of the country. The only neopb- who are contented with a system of promotion by mere seniority are those who arc contented with the tri umph of mediocrity over excellence. On the other hand a system which encourag ed the exerciso of social or political fa voritism in promotions would be even worse. Ability, energy, fidelity and all other similar qualitiis determine the rank of a man year after tear in West Point, fP&iBkUW D,m ' I The world-known household remedy for cuts, ? burns, bruises—coughs, colds, sore throat. and his standing in the army when he graduates from West Point; but from that time on, all effort to find which man is best or worst, and reward or punish him accordingly, is abandoned; no brilliancy, no amount of hard work, no eagerness in the performance of duty can advance him. and no slackness or in difference that falls short of a court martial offense l- an retard him. Until this system is changed we cannot hope that our officers he of as high grade as we have a right, to expect, considering tho material upon which we draw. Moreover, w lien a man renders su -h service as Captain Pershing rendered last spring In the Moro campaign, it ought to be possible to reward him without at once jumping him to the grade of briga dier general. The Navy. Shortly after the enunciation of that famous principle of American foreign pol icy now known as the “Monroe doctrine,” President Monroe, in a special message to congress on January 30. 1824, spoke as follows: “The navy is the arm from which our govern./'-nt will always derive most aid in support of our * * • rights. Every power engaged in war will know tlie strength of our naval power, the number of our ships of each class, their condition, and the promptitude with which wo may bring thorn into servn e, and will pay due consideration to that argument.” I heartily congratulate tho congress up on the steady progress in building up Hie American navy 3Vo cannot afford a let up in this great work. To stand still moans to go back. There should he no cessation in adding to the effective units of tho fighting strength «,f the fleet. Meanwhile the naw department and the otticors of the navy are doing well their part by providing constant service at sea under conditions akin to those of actual warfare. Our officers- and enlisted men are learning to handle the battleships, | cruisers and torpedo boats with high es ■ fieiency in fleet and squadron formations, and the standard of marksmanship is being steadily raided. ’Tlie best work ashore Is indispensable, but the’ highest duty of a naval officer Is to exer'-ise command at sea. Isthmian Canal. By the act of June 28. 1902. the con gress authorized the president to enter into treaty with Colombia tor the building i of tlie canal across the isthmus of Pan ama: it being provided that in the event of failure to secure such treaty after the lapse of a r;. unable, time, recourse should be had to building a canal through Nicaragua, it has not been necessary to consider this alternative, as J am enabled to lay before th- senate a treaty pro viding fop the building of the canal across the Isthmus of I’aii'ini.i. This was the route which eotnm nded itself to the de liberate judgment of the congress, and we can now acquire by treaty the tight to construct the canal ov'-r this route. The i question now. therefore, is not by whi'-h rout<- the Isthmian canal shall lie built, for that question has been definitely and irrevocably decided. Tho >i :<sH'’’i is sim ply whether or not we shall have an isth mian canal. When the eongl ess directed that we should take tho Panama route under treaty with Colombia, th.- essence of the condition, of cour--.-. referred not to the government which i-ontro’b.d that route, but to the route itself; to the territory across which tin- route lay. not to Hie name which for the moment Cue territory bore on the map. The purpose of the l--.w was to autherize tin- president to make i treaty wih the power in actual control <>f the isthmus of Panama. This purpose lias been fulfilled. K’eview of Relations. Tn the year 1846 tills government enter ed into a treaty with N; w Gutmada, the predecessor upon tlie isthmus of the re public of Colombia and of the present re public of Panama, by which treaty it war. provided that the government and citi zens of tlie United States should always have free and open right of way of transit across the isthmus of Panama by any modes of communication that might be constructed, while in r turn our govern ment guaranteed the pm feet neutrality of the above-mentioned 1 tlirnus with the view that the fre. transit from the one to the other sea might rot be interrupted >r embarrassed. The i"caty vested in the United States a subm.tntial property rignt carved out of tin- righ's ot sovereignty and property wlil.-i; 7 ■ w Granada tin-n had and possess'd over the same terri tory The name of New Granada lias passed away and its territory lias been divided. Its successor, the government of Colombia, has e used to own any property in the isthmus. A new republic, that of Panama, which was at one time a sovereign state, and at another time a mere dcicu tment of the sticci - ,-ive con federations known as Nev. Granada and Colombia, lias now succeeded to the right.-; which first one and then the other for merly exercise;] over tlie isthmus. But as long as Hie isthmus endures, the mere gvog:-.-i phli-.tl t'.-i; of i:s existence, and the peculiar Interest therein which is required by our position, perp-.-ttiato the solemn contract which binds the holders of tin territory to re-sp- t our rights to livedoi'i of transit across it. and binds us in t - turn to safeguard for Hie isthmus and the world, the ; xereise of that inestimable privilege. The true interpretation of the obligati uis upon whi h the United Stat - entered in this treaty if 1346 has been given repeatedly in tlie utterane; s of pres i-lents and secretaries of state. Secret.try Cass in 1858 oft'ieiallj' stated the p-'.-'itioti of this government as follows: “The progress of events has rendered the int< i ocean!;- rout- across the narrow portion of t'enttil Arneii.-a vastly im portant to the commercial world, and e.-:- j. tally to the I’tilted States, whose pos sessions extend along Hie Atlantic and I’aeilie coasts, and demand the speediv.se and easiest modi s of communication. While the rights of sovereignty of the states occupying this region should ai „ s be respeett d, we shall ; xpect that these rights be exercised in a spirit In titling the occasion and tlie wants and e:r. nmstances that have arisen. Sov ereignty lias its duties . s well as its right.-, and none of th; se local gov ernments, even it administe: ed with more regard to the just demands of oilier na tions than they have b; -. n. would bo per rnitted. in a. spirit of eastern isolation, to close Hie gates of intercourse on the great highways of the world, and justify th,, a.-t bv To’ pretension Hint these ave nues Os trade and travel belong to them and th n tin y choose to shut them. or. wliat i.-' almost equivalent, to encumber Ha in with such uni tst relations ns would i t. tint titeir general use.” Seven years later, in 1865. Mr. Seword it different communications, took tin.- fol lowing position: “Tl;e United States liav.- taken and will take no interest in any question of in i'real revolution in the state of Panama, or any state of the I’nited States of Co lombia. but will maintain a pertect neu tt rlitv in tonne; lion with such domes';. .- alter. H'ons. The United States will, nevertheless hold themselves ready to protect the transit trade across the isth mus against invasion ot ■ ther dome; n or foreign disturbers of the peace ol Hi? etit.. of I’an-tma ‘ ‘ ’ Neither the tex: i or the spirit of Hie stipulation tn that artlc’e bv which the lull'd States en to’ preserve the neutrality ot the isthmus of Panama, imposes an oilligation t tl-is "Overno’ent to comply with the r. (Os the president of th<> United gt,,f Colombia for a torce to protect the isthmns of Panama from a body of insurgents of that eountrv). Tim pur rove of the stipulation was a guarantee tho 1-thmvs seizure or invasion '' Mtm-nev'General Speed’, under date of x-.w-emb;, 7 1835. ;;dvi>-d Secretary Sew ar<l follows: . , _ . ■ From this tre.Hv it cannot be sitpnose-1 that Y'ev Glin.’lda invited the I’nited s, .tes t.-,'become n i"Hv to the intestine troubles of that governnw-rt. nor old Hie i'nit,..l states become bound to take s; .es n the rlomeslic broils of Now Granada. The United States did guarantee New Granada in the sovero'e.ntv and property ov o r the territory ThH w,< ns against other >”'i f ireign governments. ’ For 400 years, ever sin.-e shortly after the discovery of ,his hemisphere, the ■ anal -icross the isthmus lias been t’dann-'d. For two score yoi-Cs it h ts been worked at When made it is to last for the a<’os It is *o al ,p r the j’Ography of a continent and the trade routes m the world Wo have shown by every treaty we have negotiated or attempted to nego tiate' with the peoples in conti-V of the isthmus and with foreign nations in ref erence thereto our consistent good faith it' observing our obligations; on tlie one h ind to the peoples of the isthmus, and on the other hand to the civilized world whose commercial rights we are safe guarding and guaranteeing by our action. We have done our duty to others in letter HEALTH is Most Important The manufacturers of Royal Baking Powder have had 40 years of scientific experience. Every method of bread-and-cake raising has been ex haustively studied in this country and abroad. The result is a perfect product in Royal Baking Powder. There is no substitute for it. The purity and efficiency of Royal Baking Powder have been commended by the highest authorities of the world. These facts mean two important things to all house keepers : First: that Royal Baking Powder is healthful and makes wholesome food. Second: that Royal Baking Powder makes food good to taste. OOVAI BAKING Ixw I A A-/ POWDER ABSOLUTELY PURE and In spirit, and we have shown the ut most forbearance in exacting our own fights. Repudiation by Colombia. Last spring, under the act above re erred to. a. treaty conclVled between the ri-prescntatives of Hie republic of Co .onibia un 1 of our government was ratified ■y the .senate. This treaty v.entered into at th. urgent solicitation of the people of Colombia and after a body of experts appointed by our government especially to go into the matter ot the routes across tlie isthmus had pronounced unanimously in favor of the Panama route. In drawing up this treaty every • on; vssion was made to th'- people and o th- government of Colombia. We were more than jast In dealing with them. Our generosity was such as to make it a serious question whether we had not gone too far in their interest at the ex pense of our own; for in our scrupulous desire to pay all possible heed, not mere ly to the real but oven to the fancied rights of our weaker neighbor, who al ready owed so much to our protection and forbearance, we yield;’l In all pos sible ways to her desires In drawing up the treaty. Nevertlivless th-: government of Colombia not merely repudiated the treaty, but repudiated it in such a man ner as to make it evident by the time the Colombian congress adjoin rted that not the scantest hope remained of ever get ting a satisfactory treaty from them. Tho aoi ermiivrt of Colombia mad': the treaty, and .vet when Hie Colombian congress w. s called to ratify It the vote against ratilication was unanimous. It docs not appear that the government made any real effort to secure ratification. Revolution in Panama. Immediately after the adjournment of the congress a revolution broke out in Panama The people of Panama had lung been discontented with the republic of Colombia, and they had been kept quiet only by lite prospect ot th.'' conclusion of the treaty, which was to fhem a mat ter of vital eoncern. Wh'-n it became evident that Hie treaty was hopelessly lost, the people of Panama rose literally as one man. Nut a shot was tired by a single man on the isthmus in the in to; st of the Colombian government. Not a. life was lost in the aicomphsitment ot t’ne revolution. The Colombian troops sta - tioned on tlie isthmus, who had long been unpaid, made common with he people of Panama, and wilh aston ishing unanimity the new republic was stat ted. Course of United States. The duty of the United States in the premises was clear. In strict accordance with the principles laid down by Secre taries Cass and Seward In the official documents above quoted. the I tiitvd States gave notice that it would permit tding if no cxpeditl trj f< ree, tho arrival of which would mean chaos and destruction along tlie line of the railroad and of the proposed canal, and an inter ruption of transit .is an inevitable con sequence. The de facto government of Panama was recognized in the following telegram to Mr. Elirtnan: ' The people of Panama have, by ap parently unanimous movement, dissolved their political connection with the repub lic of Colombia and resumed their inde pendence. When you are satisfied that a J.- lacto government, republi; an in form and without substantial opposition from 1 . own people. 1: s b< ■ -,> establish.«l In .in- state of Panama, you will enter into relations with it as the responsible gov ernment of the territory and look to it for all due action to prerteet the jivrsons and property of citizens of the United States and to' keep open the isthmian transit, in accordance w-ith the obligations of ex isting treaties Governing th.- relations Jf Illi- United states to that territory.” The government of C” was noti fied of our action by the following tele gram to Mr. Beaupre: “The people of Panama, having, by ap parently unanimous movement, dissolved their political eonne<-tioti with r.’::- repub lic of Colombia and resumed their inde pendent''. and having adopted a govern ment of their own. republican tn ,’irm, wilh which the government of the United States of America has entered Into rela tions. the president of Hie United States, in accordance with the ties oi friendship which have so long and : o happily existed between the respective nations, most <<> rttistl, com mends to the government of Colombia tu- i ot Panama the peaceful and equitable settlement ot’ all questions at issue be tween them. He holds that he Is bound not merely by treaty obligations, but by the interests of civilization, to see that tlie peaceful truffle of the world across the isthmus of Panama shall not longer Tv disturbed by a constant succession of unnecessary and wasteful civil wars.” Latest Proposition of Colombia. “Knowing Hint revolution has already commenced in Panama (an eminent Co lombian) says that if the government of the United States will land troops to pre serv.' Colombian sovj( eignty, and the transit, it requested by Colombian charge d'affaires, this government will declare martial law: and. by virtue of vested constitutional authority, when public or der is disturbed, will approve by decree the ratification of th” canal treaty as signed; or, if the government of tho United States prefers, will call extra see- i sion of the congress—with new and fri'-nd jly members—next May to approve the I treaty. (An eminent Colombian} has the i perfect contid-nee of the vice presideut. lie savs, and if it. became necessary will go to the 1.-tlimus cr s -nd represent 'lives there to adjust matter'- along above lines to the satisfaction of th. people there.” Tins dispr.tc’n is noteworthy from iwo standpoints. Its offer of itnmedi .tely guaranteeing the treaty to us is in -hai'p contrast with the positive and co temptu ; •ous refusal of the congress which lias i just ‘ losed its s'-ssions to consider favor > ably such a treaty: it shows that the I government whi'-l; nmdi th- treaty re.illy 1 bad absolute control over the situation. ■ but did not choose to exercise this con trol. Tho dlsp.iteh further calls on us ito rest ire order and secure Colombian I supremacy in tho isthmus, from which the i Colombian government h.-; just by its ac ' tlou deci tod to bnr us by preventing the I construction of the canal. Importance of Control. f Tho control, in the interest of the eom -1 mcree and traffic of the whole civilized I world, of th- means of undisturbed tran j sit across the isthmus of Panama has i become of transcendent importance ' > I the United States. We have repeatedly i exercised the control by intervening in I Hie course of domestic dissension, and iby protecting th territory from loreig:; ; ' invasion. In 1853 Mr. Everett .assured the Peruvian minister that we should not I hesitate to maintain the neutrality of , the isthmus in the case of war b; I ween ! Peru and Colombia. lu 1864 Colombia. I which has always been vigilant to avail I i itself of its i'.rivileges conferred by Hi- | ■ treaty, expressed its expectation that in , I tho event of war between Peru and Spain j I the United States would carry into if- I : feet the guaranty of neutrality. Th.:— ' j have been few admii.-istratior.s of ’lie | . state department in which this treaty - ' lias not. either by th- one side or the i I other, been used as a basis of more or, ■ ; less important demands. It was -etui • I l.y Mr Fish in 1871 that tl : ..- department ; : of state had reason to believe that an . I attack upon Colombian sovereignty on -, Hie isthmus bad. on several o visions. ’ ' been averted bv warning t’rom tills gov- ' I ernment. In 1886. when Colombia w.i under the nienttce of hostilities '.’you.- ■ Italy in lite Gerruti case. Mr. Bac.trd ex- , on 4sed the serious concern that the i I United States could not but feel. tT. it .1. I I European power should resort to force I | against a sister republic of this hem- i . ispltere. as to the sovereign and uni’ ter- ' tooted use of a part ol whose territor.- : we are guarantors under the- solemn faith : of a treaty. Tlie abov- recital of facts estaiil: u ■ beyond question: Firs', that t ■ Uni’ .1 States Iris for over half n century p . tiently and in eood faith carried out its oilligations under the irc-atv of 18-16: second, that when forth.- first time it became noss'ble for Colombia to <’o .inc • thing in pquital of the servi. -s Huis re peatedly rendered to it for fifty ■ = .->.n vears by the Unite-! St.-itis. rhe Colom bian government peremptorily and of fensively refused tints 'o do its part, even though to do so would hav- bc—n to Its advantage a id Imme.isur'Jhtv to the advantage o'’ the state of P:-t "i;.i, tit that fima under Its jurisdiction: -li r-l. that thremghout this perio.l rev..'lution-'. riots and factional disturbances of every kind have occuri'-'T one after the otli. r In almost uninterrupted s"< cessi'm sonic < ’ them lasting for months and even fo:- | years, while Hie oentrnl governmiut was : unable to tut them down or t > make peace with the rebels; fourth, that disturbances, inst; -.1 o! showing a:’’•• sign of abving, hive tended to grow . more numerous and mor- serious in Hi- ■ immediate past; fifth that the control of Colombia over th- Isthmus ot I’-nami could not be maintained without the I armed intervention an! a~.-istm. -of -It United States In other words Ht- gov ernment of t’olombi t. though wh->lly un able to maintain ordf on the istlim • has nevertheless declined to ratify t treaty the conclusion of w hich nod | the only chance to secure Its own sta bility and to guirante;- permanent pe.-o'? on. and the construction of a canal across, the isthmus. Under su<-h ciicunist.inc-es tin.- govern- : merit of the United St.H-.s would have ' ; been guilty ot folly ami weakness, j : amounting in their sum to a crime ; against tlie nation, had it acted other i wise than it did when the revolution ..it i i November 3 last took place in Panama. | This great enterprise of building 1 ; the Inte.roceanic canal cannot rm ‘ held up to gratify the whims, or j out of respect to the governmental ; impotence, or to the oven more sinister ami evil political peculiarities, of peopie who, though they dwell afar off. yet. against Hie wish of Hie actual dwellers oil tho isthmus, assert an unreal suprem acy over the territory. The possession of a ‘territory fraught with such peculiar capacities as th- isthmus in question car ries with it obligations to mankind. Th -of events has shown that this canal cannot be built by private enter prise, or by any other nation than our own: therefore it must hr- built by tho , United States. Treaty Is Submitted. Every effort has been made by the : government of th- United States to per- , suadc Colombia to follow a course which I was essentially not only to our interests arid to the interests of the world, but t ' the interr s'.s of Colombia, tis-ls. These efforts have failed, and Colombia, by h”> persistence in repulsing the advances that have been made, has forced us, for the sake of our own honor, and of the interest ami well-being, not merely of our own p ople. but of the people of the isthmus of Panama ami the people of Hm civilized countries of tne world, to Like <i . sivi- steps to m ini-, to an end a condi tion of affairs which had become intol erable. The new republic of Panama im mediately offer-d to mgotiat> a treaty with us. Tills treaty I herewith submit. By it our interests are better safeguarded than in the treaty with Colombia whicii was ratifie I by the senate at its last session. It. Is better in ns terms than ! tin- treaties offered to ns by the republics of Niearapmt ami <' It .-a. At last th- right to begin this great undertaking is mad- available. J’inania has done her part. Al! that remains is for the. Amer itan cotgr.-s to do .ts part and forth with titis republic will enter upon the ex ecution of a project colossal in its siz.-i ami j:’ well-nigh incalculable possibilities :<•: th- goo 1 o<- this country and the na tions of mat.kit.d Provisions of Treaty. By Hie provisions of ti- treaty the United St.tt-.' guarantees and will main | t rip the iml; j;-nd-nee of the republic of I Panama. Then granted to the United States in perpetuity the use. occupation and control of a strip ten miles wide and extending three nautical miles Into the sea at ’ither terminal, with all lands I. I ing outside of the zone necessary for ti: • I < onstr.'-t ion of the canal or for its aux iliary works, rid with the. island.- in tlie lay of Panama. The cities of Panama apd Colon at- not embrav i in the can.:. Z'.m-. but tit'- Lniled States assum’s sanitation and, in case of need, the main tenance ot order therein; the Uiitvi Stat".- wiihin the granted limit-’ all the tight n l ower and authority w.il. it would po.-ses- were it the sovei 'ign o:' th territory to the vXi-lu.oon the ei iso of sovereign rights by the repub in . All railway and canal prop • t-. lights '■■■li.iigi..:; IO 1’01.311' ami 1...- .led for tbo can.l to the Unit'.'! St.it- ii eluding i.t.y propri iy of th- re.-pe. tiv ■ comi'.iiiics in t’ne i-itit -of Panama ami c olon: t’ne works, property ami personm:! .... - • f. taxation as w■ 11 in tlie i-ities of 1..,;.Una ami Colon as in tlm. canal zone and its dei.'-nd'-u :t‘.s. Frei intmtg:t of the personnel and importation of --..u plies for t’ne cou.'truclif n ami op. .-.ijo:i of tiie i ,n. il arc granted. Provision is mad. for the use of military force ami the building of f<.i tifications by the United Stat, s for the protection of tlm tiansir. In oil ; r de’mtls. i-.irti -nl.-.i l < as t, th- acquisition of tin interests of th-- i• w Pai am ■ t ’.tr.al Comnanv anti tho }'.-i n.i’n.i railway by the United Stat and condemnation of private property tor tlm v. a-.- of tlie c.tnai, ta- stipe tallol, ■- o!’ the Hay-i!< i ran t. -ty are losely fol lowed, while Hu- compensation to •? g. far Hie- ■ ciil.ii-.-.'-'i grant- rem.ure the .-.-aii.-, being ten intlli-.ns ••; doiiai-- Lu.va.ble on ex'iiange of ratifiea lions, rial, ieginnm-.. n:m- y.ars from t- i.t date. ;.n tc.iii; H pa'irmnt ;" 5250.000 during Hie life of the '-onvi-iition. T’HE'tD 'RE ROOSEVELT. Wliltc Tlc.m'. December 7 1903 Death Penalty for Assault. Washington, December B.—A jury in t’. e criminal court today brought in a v. r ls-- of guilty of rape in the case of John W Burley, a negro, and prescribed death as tlm penalty. The victim was Adeline Turner, a 5- 5 ear-old colored girl. This is the first Instance of the death penalty being fixed for such crimes in the District of Colum- Langford Defeats Joe Gans. Boston. Decemb i- B.—Samuel Langford, a color-d pugilist from Cambridge, to night surprised the. followers of boxing by defeating Jo - Gans. . Baltimore, the lightweight champion of tlie world, in a fifteen round bout at the Criterion Athletic Cl -.b in this .-it.- . A‘ h -t. :li Lang ford won the decision, he was not award ed the world’s light weig.it championship, as h- was two pounds overweight. q CURES WHiLE YOU SLEEP ij-f Whooping Cough, Croup, Bronchitis, Coughs, Grip, Hay Fever,Diphtheria,Scarlet Feyer N-K? 01. Con't faf! to use Cpes.olfne the ois;re-sing and often fatal affections for which it is recommended. For more than twenty years we have had the most conclusive assurances that there is nothing better. ASK your physician about it. ~ . . A- H*erestins descriptive booklet i$ sent the highest testimonials as to its value. All Druffjflst*. V A Pn.ri?F«<ITI:XE CO.. 3*o Fulton Street. Nrw Yctlj. 7