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On this account, there is much interest evidenced •in an at tempt to ascertain more definite in formation about grasses and. .clpvers and their adaptability to ; the soil and climatic conditions prevailing in the southeastern states. This sub ject is of such an important and es sential character that a great deal of effort has been centered by the experts of the Georgia State College of Agriculture on this subject. Some very valuable data has been collect ed along the line suggested. It is new information in that it has not been put into definite shape before. On account of its very great value to our landowners, some of the more important of these findings are re viewed, summarized and set forth in this article so that all who are in terested in this matter may have the best available data at heir com mand. Carpet grass is the most promising grass in south Georgia. Already it is very important in furnishing sum mer grazing throughout that part of the state and. is destined to become more so. It is scattered in the low moist places nad to some extent over the uplands where heavy graz ing or tramping has killed the na tive wiregrass and broomsedge. Most of it is along the railroads and pub lic roads, .and near small towns. Only a small per cent is found in pas tures and there its introduction has nearly always been accidental. Carpet grass has creeping stems that form a complete sod, but no underground stems to make it a pest. Its leaves are wider and more round ed at the tips than those of Ber muda grass and somewhat lighter hi color. Seed are produced in slender seed fingers, two to five to each stem. Carpet grass does not succeed well in a very dry or a very wet situa tion. For best development it re quires moist lands free of standing water. The better drained “bay heads,” “cypress ponds” and borders of swamps are ideal for its devel opment. 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Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111. the surface. It will not endure shade so cannot compete well with thick broomsedge or wiregrass. It will drive out Bermuda on land to which .it Js well adapted, and in some In stances Lespedeza and Dallis grass. When once started it spreads by means'of‘ runners‘and ’seed. It quick ly covers moist areas, but scatters over the hills more slowly. Very little seeding of carpet grass has been attempted in Georgia, but excellent results have been secured over the limited area on which it was tried. This would be expected because of the success of natural seeding in spreading the grass. Five I to ten pounds of seed per acre are sufficient for a good stand in a sea son. One to two pounds per acre on the damper areas will give a com plete sod in two or three years. Seed ing should be done in the early spring. Seed can be secured from seedsmen or may be saved at home if a good sod is available. The most practical method of utilizing home grown seed is to cut the grass in late summer when a large number of seed heads are mature and scatter the hay over the area to be seeded. When a part of the pasture is well sodded the grass will spread in a few years over the remainder. Carpet grass can be grazed from spring until winter. Its growth re mains palatable and tender through ' out the season but is not regarded as nutritious as an equal amount of Bermuda grass. This deficiency is offset, however, by a larger yield. Carpet grass is excellent for horses, cattle and sheep, but is not entirely satisfactory for hogs unless spme measure is taken to prevent their rooting it. When completely uproot ed or covered with soil, the plants die, leaving bare places. Two or three seasons are needed for the surviving grass to form a complete sod again. Dallis grass is now found in all parts of Georgia, occurring largely in the low and moist places as road ditches and bottom pastures, or in the fertile upland spots as old yards and vacant 10-ts. Its, spread has been due largely to the scattering of seed through hay. It is very common in north Georgia and not so common in couth Georgia, but is icing seeded there on a larger scale than in any j other part of the state. Dallis grass normally grows in I bunches, having a large number of I basal leaves and a few seed stems from one to five feet in height. When Closely grazed, however, the seed stems will be much shorter and the leaves will spread out and exent vslly make a complete sod on fertile, land. Dallis grass appears in early spring, being ready to graze two or three weeks Bermuda grass. If kept grazed it will continue to grow throughout the summer and fall but i if allowed to go untouched it will mature a heavy crop of seed and dis i appear for the remainder of the sea son. i Dallis grass will endure more ex | tremes of drought and water, heat i and cold than any other southern ! j grass. It needs fertile soils, how- I ever, as its growth on poor land is , i very limited. ■ The worst fault of Dallis grass is • its seed. These are attacked by a ■ fungus during their development and in this condition cause a dis- 1 ease among cattle if eaten in quan tity. Close grazing obviates this trouble by greatly reducing the 1 amount of seed produced. Dallis grass seed also germinate very slow _ly making a good stand difficult to secure. A number of failures are re ported from the use of seed. Re cently a method has been discover ed by which better results are se cured. This is seeding in small furrows. The furrows are laid off from three to seven feet apart with a small plow as a short two-inch ripper, and the seed scattered in them and left uncovered. In a few years the grass will spread over the spaces between the furrows if light grazing is practiced. Where the seed a/e broadcast a firm seed bed is nece-ssary. Very little or no cov ering is needed. Spring seeding is favored by the majority but later seedings are quite successful. From one to five pounds of sed per acre are used in the “furrow” method and double that quantity in broad casting. A longer time is needed for Dallis grass to spread than for Carpet grass or Lespedeza. In north Georgia, White Clover is found in the majority of old pas tures on bottom'lands, but in south Georgia It is not well established. i?or early spring grazing and for late , fall grazing it Is the most de- oifier by n«i, v ftUr Pnetmacto r pendable plant we have. Fertile soils and plenty of moisture are needed for its development. White clover should be included in the mixture to be seeded in north Georgia, especially if the area be bottom lands. In south Georgia less is known of its adaptation but indi cations are that it cannot be grown so easily there. Like Lespedeza, it will succeed on unlimed soils. Two to five pounds of seed per acre are sufficient. Inoculation is needed. Fall seeding gives best results but seeding in early spring is success ful on lands well adapted to the growth of the plant. When once started, white clover will spread if not graded too closely. It seeds in the late spring and the plants large ly disappear during the summer but revive on the approach of cool weather. It will also "salivate” horses and mules to- some extent. There are two new pasture plants that have given promise enough in Georgia to be recommended in a small way. These are Rhodes grass and Kudzu. Rhodes grass Is a native of South Africa, and is noted for its drought resisting qualities. It will grow well on our dry, sandy uplands of Geor gia but needs soils above the average in fertility. It is a summer grass but remains green and continues growth late in the fall. It is not very cold resistant, so may succumb to some of our winters. Seven to ten pounds of seed are regarded suf ficient for an acre when seeded alone. They should be sown in the spring. On fertile soils Rhodes grass will produce two or three cuttings of hay in a season and several months’ grazing. Kudzu is a perennial vine similar in appearance to the velvet bean. It is well adapted to clay hill lands on which it produces an immense amount of forage after becoming well established. For pasture ' its chief value will be for grazing dur ing the summer droughts when the grasses are not producing well. It will not endure continuous grazing for a long period nor any grazing in the spring. The surest way of erad icating it is to turn the cattle on shortly after th6 first leaves appear. Kudzu is propagated from root cuttings and is rather difficult to get started. Planting should.be made in three to seven-foot rows at least on© month before growth begins. If the soil is not fertile, a small amount of acid phosphate and stable manure or “leaf mold” will be of great as sistance in getting the plants start ed. Usually three years are required to Kudzu to become well establish ed. When a good stand is secured Kudzu will produce a quantity of good hay. It is important that the grazing season should be as long as possible with a permanent pasture. The ideal would be for grass twelve months and consequently no winter feeding. Our bfest pastures do not furnish more than five to seven mpnths of heavy grazing and two to three months of light grazing. The heavy grazing is during the summer and early fall when plenty of moisture is present, and the light grazing during the early spring and late fall. There are several plants that may be regarded as possibilities in help ing to increase the pasture during the early spring and late fall. Among them are: Bur Clover, Black Medic, Rescue and Arctic Grasses, . Red Top, ■* Tall Oat, Rye Grass, Orchard Grass, Kentucky Blue Grass. These are not recommended as fur nishing a great deal of pasturage, but simply as a supplement to the summer grazing. They will not be as successful, except under special conditions, as Lespedeza, carpet grass, Dallis grass, white clover and Bermuda grass. Flant Food Needs of Our Bed Lands E. R. R., Stonewall, Ga., writes: What kind of fertilizer should be used •on corn and cotton on poor and fairly good red land. Don’t care for the cost of the fertilizer and cultivation, but want to use as much as will pay. Will appreciate your advice in the matter. The chances are that you wish to grow your cotton and corn either on what is known as the Cecil red clay soil or the Cecil sandy loam. On the Cecil red clays, it is good practice to uge formulas containing from 2-3 per cent of nitrogen, 9-10 per cent of phosphoric acid and from 2-3 per cent of potash. On the Cecil sandy loams the same percentage of nitro gen may be used in association with about 8 per cent of phosphoric acid and 4-5 per cent of potash. Our tests all show that on the lighter types of soil less phosphoric acid is need ed, but more potash is needed than on the heavier types. On the heavier types, phosphoric acid is relatively more important than either of the other two elements. Our experience indicates that where land is in a fair state of cultivation and well handled and managed that 500 pounds of formulas approximat ing those suggested may be used to advantage under either of the crops mentioned. In the case of cotton, we would put practically all of the fer tilizer under the drill row. In the case of corn, use 300 pounds under the drill row and 200 pounds as a side application when the corn is about eighteen inches high. Varieties of Corn to tlse for Silage. W. I. D., LaGrange, Ga., writes: Wliat variety of corn do you consider is best suited for silage? Is it advisable to plant velvet benns with the corn? We have tried a good many varie ties of corn for ensilage production. In the end we have concluded that Cox’s Prolific is one of the best to use for this purpose on upland soils. On rich bottom lands some of the large growing varieties might be used with advantage. We grew for several years a strain known as the “Virginia Ensilage.” We have also tried ather varieties of the so-called prolific types, and several of them have given us very good results. In growing corn for silage, one natural ly desires to secure good tonnage ac companied by a fair yield of grain. It is for this reason that we suggest the cultivation of a prolific type of corn on our upland soils for ensilage production. In other words, we have found these strains to be the best adapted to our climatic and soil con ditions. In recent years we have not grown corn at all for ensilage pur poses. We now grow a mixture of sorghum and kaffir corn for the pur pose of hiring our silos. We find this is an excellent crop to use for this purpose not only in so far as the mat ter of yield is concerned, but also In the quality of the food obtained per acre as well. Cotton Yields and Calcium Arsennta A. R. T., I.aprens. S. C., writes: I have been reading your articles and wish to know if I understand you aright that when calcium arsenate is used as a spray on cotton that it will tend to increase the yield 100 pounds of seed cotton per acre. Where do you think the weevil will do the most damage—in north or south Georgia? I was in Arkansas three years ago and the farmers there did not worry over the weevil and they made more cotton than we do and that with out fertilizer. They thought that acid would burn up the roots of the plants. We undoubtedly were able last year, in the face of frequent rain falls, to apply calcium arsenate as a spray to cotton and increased the PINK BOLL WORM THREATENS COTTON INDUSTRY “Worst Pest” of South’s Crop Found in Louisiana Parishes From Which Seed Presumably Infested Has Been Widely Distributed. WASHINGTON, D. C. —The pink bollworm of cotton, previously sup posed to exist in this country only in Texas, has been discovered at i number of places in Cameron Par ish, La., where it is believed to have been for at least two years. It has been found, also, in Calcasieu Parish, but so recently that definite informa ion as to distribution is not avail able. The old infested area around Trin ity bay has also been somewhat ex tended. Lots of cotton seed ranging from 1 to 20 cars have been ship ped from Cameron Parish to Alex andria, Broussard. Shreveport, Bunk ie and Monroe, La., San Antonio, Fort Worth, Houston, San Marcos, and New Braunfels, Texas. Several of these points have no oil mills and the seed was probably used for planting. Thus, there is the possi bility that the pink bollworm has been scattered to all of these sec tions and possibly to others not yet determined. This brings about a serious situa tion for the cotton industry of the United States, says the United States department of agriculture. Unless the radical but necessary steps are promptly taken by the states concerned in cooperation with the federal department of agricul ture, the pink bollworm will cer tainly get out of hand and the work of extermination already carried out in Texas will be lost. Congress has been asked to provide additional funds and to make them immedi ately available. The newly discovered infestations in Cameron and Calcasieu Parishes, La., and Orange county, Tex., are along the lower course of the Sabine river near the Gulf of Mexico. In addition, there is some reinfestation of the old Trinity bay area in Tex as, but the work of reeleaning that area has almost been completed. The work, however, has consumed practically all the money that the United States department of agri culture had available for pink boll worm eradication. Reinfestation around Trinity bay was due to a modification of the policy originally agreed upon by the department and state authorities of allowing no cot ton to be grown in infested areas for a period of two or three years. A yields more than 100 pounls of seed cotton over check plats which were not so sprayed. The experiments were, of course, conducted in badly infested boll weevil territory. We had varying results from the use of calcium arsenate. In some instances the returns did not much more than cover the cost of the five applica tions which were made. In other cases the profit, after paying for all costs and the extra labor involved in picking the increased crop of cotton, was as high as $24 per acre. In some insances, where the tests were not very satisfactory, the rains washed the poison off the plants almost as fast is it was put on. In this connection I wish to say there is much to learn about the use of calcium arsenate. There is a varying strength in the quality of this material, which must be guarded against. Some people will do the spraying more carefully than others. Some will do it at the time advised by experts and others when they take a notion. Spraying should be done in this section of the country presumably about the first of July. In other words, there is no use spraying with calcium arsenate until weevil damage has approximated its maximum, which will probably be 30 per cent of infestation. In the southern part of the state spraying should he done about the 15th of June. At some season it might be necessary to spray a week or ten days earlier than others, or in the case of a late season, ten days or two weeks later than would be ordi narily desirable. No one can say just when spraying should begin. The sprayings should probably be made about one week apart and con tinue, say, for five weeks. The cost will vary, but probably sls per acre will cover the materials, the rent and interest on the spraying outfit, and the labor necessary to perform the work. We are satisfied that calcium arsenate is an effective means in helping to control the weevil, but it will never take the place of other agencies in fighting it, such as proper preparation and fertilization of the land, the efficient and intelligent use of fertilizers and the selection of proper planting seed. We have advised all our farmers not to depend on calcium arsenate alone, but to use it as one of the means or agencies in helping to control the weevil and minimizing the damage it will preform. It has already been presumed by some that the weevil will do less damage in north Georgia, but we have never subscribed to this opin ion. The fact is, no one can tell just what damage it will do until after it has infested, this’ territory for sev eral years. Presumably the climatic conditions are not as favorable to its development in this part of Geor gia as in south Georgia. Apparently we have more rainfall in the grow ing season in this section of Georgia than has fallen in some of the states lying to the west of us. We are also nearer to the ocean. Hence these con ditions may be favorable to the weevil and the damage might be greater here than along the same general line west of us. I am disposed to think that most of the cotton in Georgia and South Carolina will be grown in the Pied mont territory in the future. I think undoubtedly weevil damage will be more severe nearer to the coast than further inland. I am of the opinin that we will continue to grow eventually as much cotton in these states as we have ever grown and be able to increase our yields in ac cordance with the demands which may be made upon us in the future. We will have to change out practice materially and use more skillful and intelligent methods than we have ever followed in the past. Weevil damage will vary in so far as I am able to judge from about 10 to 60 per cent. I look for about 20 per cent of damage in the Piedmont section, taking a number of years to the average. It may go as high as 40 per cent and it could go even to 60 per cent sometimes, though I hardly think this is likely. I must say, however, that I claim the right to change my opinion relative to this matter as I have more information and advice on the subject. No one can prognosticate on a subject -of this character with any certainty as to the outcome. I am familiar with the methods you have described in Aakansas, but assure you they would not be practi cal in this section of the country at all, and I am certain that if they used fertilizers with more skill and intelligence out there they would also reap a larger reward for their efforts. The Jersey City landlord who charged apartment tenants $1.50 per month each for the privilege of stringing the weekly wash on his wire clothesline may have to pay the reckoning in the hereafter. SATURDAY, MARCH 27, 1020. revis on of the state pink bollworm act permitted cotton co be grown, under restrictions, in the Trinity bay area during 1919. The reinfesta tion which has resulted from such growth of cotton is scattered pret ty weil over the old district, but the actual points of infestation are very few as compared with 1917, and the amount of infestation in the fields where the insect has been found is insignificant as to numbers. The results clearly indicate, say the specialists of the department, the possibility of extermination by the method of establishing non-cot ton zones and the cleaning up of all volunteer cotton if continued for a sufficient period. It was deviation from this method that brought the reinfestation in Texas, and the de partment will insist that it be strict ly followed in the tremendously greater task that now confronts the country. “This is the only means of control,” says the department, “that gives any hope of ultimately eradi cating this most destructive pest of cotton, and the success of the work must necessarily depend on the absolute cooperation of the states concerned.” Xiouisiana Action Louisiana, immediately upon the discovery of the infestation in Cam eron Parish, declared a drastic quarantine prohibiting the growth of cotton and providing for the destruc tion of existing cotton and cotton seed within a radius of 15 miles of any infested point in that stale. No provision has been made, however, for compensating planters for cot ton destroyed. It is absolutely nec essary, the department says, that some provision be made to reimburse* the planters for losses which they must accept in the interest of the cotton industry as a whole. The pay ment of these losses, it is pointed out, will be very small as com pared with the risk to the cotton crop should the pink bollworm get beyond control. . The possibilities of further spread, due to the shipment of presumably infested cotton and cotton seed from Cameron Parish makes it necessary that all such shipments be traced to destination and that steps be taken to safeguard any local infes tations that may have resulted. Oregon Fights Rodents Typical of the work of the Bio logical .Survey in western States is that which has been carried on in Oregon during the past year. A to tal of over 20,000 pounds of poisoned grain was spread on 150,010 acres of government land by biological sur vey employes or by farmers and s*ockmen working under the direc tion of field assistants. In addition. 100 ounces of strychnine and 2,000 pounds of poisoned grain were fur rished the county agent in Wallowa county. This was used in fighting squirrels as they began to gather from the public lands to the cultivat ed lands and was sent as temporary relief until the government could undertake a more systematic cam paign in that county. Seventeen counties joined in the co-operative campaign against ground squirrels led by biological survey men. Over 7,500 farmers took part in the work and treated 697,000 acres of their own lands, using 85,480 pounds of poisoned grain prepared Under di rection of the biological survey rep resentatives and county agents. ScmNo Money Don’t miss thia chance to eut your tire coat fifSA Ijm 80% and more. We at once on ap- MB proval. These are standard, make used xx\, W tires, excellent condition, selected by out B experts—rebuilt by expert workmanship, B Can readily be guaranteed for 6Womiles, I NOTE—Then are not used uwad to- jCyC E ■ether tire.—Known aa double treads. > UGw E I 30x3 .$5.50. .$1.60 34x4 .$ 8.75. .$2.60 I XzC f 30x3J4. 6.50.. 1.76 34x4M. 10.00.. 8.00 i B 31x3«. 6.75.. 1.85 35x4M. 11.00.. 3.15 QC> f 32x3H. 7.00.. 2.00 36x45. 11.60.. 8.40 1 SfC Ei 81x4 . 8.00.. 2.25 35x5 . 12.50.. 8.50 DQC fei 82x4 . 8.25.. 2.40 36x5 . 12.75.. 8.65 Sfic EfJ 33x4 . 8.50.. 2.60 87x5 . 12.75.. 8.75 QO Est W9ITF Remember, we guarantee your ' t ff; nHIIK perfect satisfaction. Pay only 4G on arrival. Examine and judge for your- Wi >elf. If not satisfied—Send them back at vtrSiC wr our expense. We will refund yom- money without question. Be sure to state size J ■anted—Clincher, S. S.. Non-Skid, Plain. CLEVELAND TIRE AND RUBBER CO. 310bgticUgaa Avenue Chicago, Qb B'YiW« FREE Today par* ourlow fnctorr, FREIGHT PAID prioe®. BShKSmiKSv/ Bnrapl* tu test and book froo, postpaid (4> THE BROWN FERCE& WIRE CO.. DeptCT . CLEVELAND, 0. ENGENESg<ffi>l3** Gasoline-Keroseno Stat!onan’ < andJ Port" I'llON for latest ..Direct /«&>- Factory Prices on all styles ,'47, WITTE-with Bosch Standard U Magneto - High Tension-the egffß'.BrgjDS- i onlylgnition for kerosene. 715 TO *SOO BUYING DIRECT. Catalog FREE. IWilteEiialne Work> 36 32 Empire eidg., J»Kt»burgh, P«, Eel ° Mln* and Muskrats F IS 18. I n iame number., with the Ncw , Folding. Galvanixed Steel Wire Net Catches them like a fly-trap catches file.. Made in all aUes. Write for Price List, and Free Booklet on best bait ever discovered for attracting all kinds of fleh. Agents wanted* WALTON SUPPLY COw R-22. St. Louis, Mo. SAFETY RAZOR BLADES Gillette, 87c doz. Durham-Duplex, $1 doz. Gem and Ever-Ready, 73c doz. Sent Prepaid. ROSONE CO., Dept. 102. 4932 Armitage Ave., Chicago, 111. made /J to your measure, in the y latest style, would \ you be willing tokeep and wear it, show your friends and let them see beautiful samples and J, w dashing new styles? Could you use $lO a day Ts for a little spare time? L'Ji Perhaps I can offer you a p! steady job.lf you willwrite me a letter or a postal at ffInOTWS once and eay: “Send me your || I® J Km! special offer,” I will send you jljW WW samples and styles to pick from and my surprising iWg W# liberal offer. Address, mSI L. E. ASHER, President M Banner Tailoring Co. 11 W DepL 483 Chicago, 111. , ■. w Eeln, Mink, Muskrats and S.SlH’lPra OH oth er fnr-Ooaring animals A in large numbers, with the Now. Folding, Galvanized Steel Wire Trap. It catches thorn like a fly-trep catches flies. Made in ail sizes. Write for descriptive price list, and free booklet on host bale known for attracting all kinds of Osh. J. F. Gregory, Dept. 213. Lcb«non,ltlO. Getting Maximum Returns * HpHE PROFITS you get from your corn crop depend as much on the yield as on the price you receive per bushel. You can’t control the price very well, but you can govern the yield to a considerable extent—and because you natu- G. rally want to get maximum returns from the seed you plant, you will do everything within your power to insure a big yield. For instance, when it comes to the very im portant matter of cultivation, you are not going to endanger your crop by using a cheap, flimsy cultivator that misses many weeds and, because of its loose, bored bearings, wobbles so that it dodges into a corn hill every now and then, up rooting the young stalks. You can hold an International riding culti vator close against the corn rows with ease —- it is steady and the wheels track straight, because they are furnished with adjustable bearings so that any play from wear can be taken up very readily. And there are no weeds left behind an International. See the International dealer the next time yOu are in town and ask him to show you his line of International Corn Cultivators. INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY T. of America CHICAGO USA 4 y r O?^W^/J^J<W///(7jKC It is far cheaper to-protect it with a coat t or two of O FREE as' ® pa,nt Book <K. O y ™ ?.v> V- IB? rtfsw Si Skjp-Jm fcfl trations of paint" MM « ELI cd homes, floor W i ZsjrxcrjߧX* plans, specific*- n t . . raS tlra.is.how to se" H ; It resists all weather .conditions and keeps its lect V.th« r ’g ht H : color. Pet Cm Bam Paint- spread, freely and K SSmSMSE H £ Peaslee-Gaulbert Co., oepi. 34 ’ —gifflji ? MiIWMM i S%?K.Hand Stomp Wler Giws%ttrHand 96,000 of Rwer jfth ~ qfe '■ . ■ ?' -X JWik " ; W canmake WLand 5 ' Warth £2OO an acre tWS Ptehfig Big StutnpslyJwd V WSf ? 1 your stump land cheaply—no digging, no ex- jfffl Vu pense for teams or powder. Your own right hand Zw on the lever of the "K” Stump Puller can rip out any stumplhat can be pulled with the best inch steel /M cable. We guarantee it. We refer you to U.S. Govern- /ffff ment officials. We give highest banking references* iSf HAND POWER. ■ One man with a "K” can outpull 16 large horses. Works by leverage—same principal /s as a jack. 100 lbs. pull on the lever gives jxS a 48-ton pull on the stump. Made of best steel guaranteed against , breakage. Has two speeds—6o ft. /rt'/y per minute for hauling in cable or for small stumps —slow speed - - ior heavy pulls. Works equal- amlca ■ y well on hillsides or marshes where horses ■annot go. Write us today for special offer jnd tree booklet .. on Land . C’ caring, f BSSSbK " : 'i 4 a The Fitzpatrick Products Corp- -* 5 Box 72 99 j ohn St New y ork Box 73 , . 182 Fifth St., San Francisco, Calif. Stswlb© RrThe @ ' 1 a ® oentatiTeineach locality to uso n ciftds tirea. GourMito# BtMl co. 7 ; /