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QUALITY OF SEED IS VITAL TO QUANTITY OF CORN GROWN The quantity and quality of the corn you will harvest next fall de pand, first, on the kind of seed you plant this spring. Perfect culture and the best weather in the world canno t remedy the initial eveil if you plant poor seed. A good seed corn, say specialists of the United States department of agriculture, is one that is adapted to the locality, is grown on the most productive plants of a productive variety, is well matured and pre served from ripening to planting time in such away that the full vigor of the seed will be retained. It should have been selected in the fall from the stalk, but if that was neglected, all that can be done now is to obtain a uniform type of seed true to varietal characteristics and that will grow. The mere fact that the kernsl will sprout in a germinator is not the whole story. Recent experiments have shown that weak sprouts may be indications of disease, that simi lar seed when planted is likely not Send No Money Don’t miso this chance to cot your tire cost An tO% and more. We ghitf at once on ap- nZv* Kv proval. These are ttandard makt used /w tires, excellent condition, selected by out ■ experts—rebuilt by expert workmanship. ■ Can readily be guaranteed for 6600 miles, xY> 1 NOTE—These are not used sewed to- JOC E (other tires—Known as double treads, E I 30x3 .$5.50..51.60 34x4 .$ 8.75..52.60 I I 30x3«. 6.50.. 1.75 34x4M. 10.00.. 3.00 | g SIxSM. 6.75.. 1.85 35x4H. 11,00.. 3.15 CX> B 32x854. 7,00.. 2.00 36x454. 11.60.. 3.40 ' tVS, f 31x4 .8.00.. 2.25 35x5 . 12.50.. 3.50 I XXZ F 82x4 . 8.25.. 2.40 36x5 . 12.75.. 3.65 XX E 33x4 . 8.50.. 2.50 37x5 . 12.75.. 3.75 IE MfDITE Remember, we guarantee your lEJ ■milt perfect satisfaction. Pay only EQS VgS on arrival. Examine and judge for your- OOS 13 self. If not satisfied—Send them back at S? pur expense. We will refund your money wStiy without question. Be sure to state size VCr?. J Wanted—Clincher, S. S., Non-Skid, Plain. CLEVELAND TIRE AND RUBBER CO. Armu- \ Chicago, Qk i I e want one exclusive repre- ■ sentatjve in each locality tn use and sell the new Mellinger Extra-Ply. gfVr rZjybuid made tires. QearMwen Bead tor saaßEs E’sCS - teELUNSMTIRSA JWSBEB CO. BhdKw’ '■skfitv MsmosCWsNw Taraa m wi H a A post card will put you ■ AB HR on to something that will 6 M BL FS turn T our neighbor green i ; g ■ B B with envy after seeing I ■ I you catch dead loads of fish in streams where he has become disgusted try ing to eatch them the old-fashioned way. It will tickle you to see it soon get rid. of terrapins aud craw fish. No catch house and musk rats, and you will other tackle catches at all seasons like this. EUREKA FISH TRAP CO., GRIFFIN, GA. I Would 8 ge° ‘ We ■ Psyfroight and ship WS?RnEBrP»SwJ'J»! I Qtuek from Savannah. ■■■UmHmßW V Savannah Fan« & Roofinf Co, I Swrannalt* Jp Dont Send a Penny The shoes offered here are such wonderful values that we gladly send them, no money down. _ I You will find them so well made and so stylish and such big money-saving bargains that you I will surely keep them. So don’t hesitate—just fill out and mail the coupon and we ■ will send you a pair of your size. No need for you to pay higher prices '• I when you can buy direct from us and no need sending money m k,''/ I advance before receiving the shoes. Why pay out $6, $8 or more for I shoes not nearly so good? Act now. Mail the coupon today while this W I special offer holds good. Pay only when shoes arrive. £*! Work Shoe Offer HSIML We can’t tell you enough about these shoes here. This shoe is built to meet the demand for an outdoor city workers’ shoe and for the modern farmer. Send and see for yourself. Built z on stylish lace Blucher last. The special tanning process makes the leather proof against acids in milk, manure, ' X soil, gasoline, etc. They outwear three ordinary pair of shoes. ; ./ 7 / Hd easy on the ® the life” in ting quality 3 f- ' f and eee it f' ' lost won- I , •r wore. s 'wffiSU&r on ar- ter 7 ' • A '' To order these shoes ■ mark X in the by No. A18027 in . z '- coupon. Be sure to « ive * ize and width when ordering. Send No Money With Order lish Dress Shoe lain to close out a limited stock of these smart Dress a .ct quickly if you want a pair. Made in classy lace B style. Splendid quality calf uppers. Splendid solid I T soles and heels. Come in black only. k At our pric& I e shoes challenge all competition. Make your own de- ■ ion after you examine and try them on. Sent abso- I itely on approval. You must see them to appreciate g the fine quality of material, workmanship and aston- a ishing bargain value. No money with order. Pay | only $4.69 for shoes on arrival. And that re- I turned if you don’t keep the shoes. Send today. _ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ —— __ __ I 9 Leonard-Morton & Co. Dept. 2870 Chicago Send at once the shoes which I have marked Xin below. I ■ will pay price for shoes on arrival with the understanding that if I I do not want to keep them I can send them back and you will 3 refund my money. I—l Work Shoes O Dress Shoes I—l No. A18027 $4.29 l—J No. A15105 $4.69 ■ E | Size Leonard-Morton Co. g Name Dept. 2876 Chicago - THE ATLANTA TRI-WEEKLY JOURNAL. Rag-Doll Tester Efficient The rag-doll method of testing individual ears of corn is one of the simplest and most economical, and is efficient, says the United States department of agriculture. The tester consists of a strip of cloth, preferably bleached mus lin, sixteen inches wide and from three to five feet long. The cloth should be marked off into square sections and the squares all num bered. The ears to be tested should also be given correspond ing numbers. Six or more kernels should be selected from different parts of each ear, and placed in the proper section. When the tester is filled, fold over each side so that the edges meet in the center, roll up, and soak the tester for a few hours in lukewarm water. Drain off the excess water and place the dolls in a warm place for the seed to germinate. They should be cov ered with a wet cloth to keep them moist, and in about five days the seed should be sufficient ly well germinated to show their fitness for seed. Farmers’ Bulletin 948, “The Rag-Doll Seed Tester,” describes fully this method of testing seed corn. It may be obtained free from the department. to sprout and, if it does, will grow only a few inches or, at best, produce a barren stalk. Corn that will come up but that will produce an unprofitable crop is worse than seed which won’t grow at all, because it fools a farmer into wasting labor and land on it. Know what your seed will do by selecting it yourself. Cheap seed corn may prove very dear; the seed corn that produces the best crop usually is the cheapest. If you must buy seed, pay your neighbor a reasonable price for se lected well preserved seed of a va riety that has made good in a neigh boring field; but don’t pay a stranger a fancy price for seed claimed to give miraculous .yields. Points on Preparing for Planting Seed Seed ears should first be nubbed, and the kernels from tip and butt should be discarded fro mthe seed supply. The small kernels from the tips are less productive than the other kernels on the ear; the thick rounded kernels from the butts are just as productive as any of the rest, but because of their shape and size they do not plant uniformly when used in a corn planter with other kernels. Shelling by hand takes more time and labro, but is profitable. The me chanical corn sheller will injure some of the kernels, and thus destroy or reduce their power to grow and yield. No matter how large the required supply, says the department, it will still pay to shell it painstakingly by hand, because of the greater acreage to be planted the greater the ulti mate profit. Each ear should be shelled sepa rately into a shallow pan or box, and any blemished, poorly developed, moldy or worm-eaten kernel should be rejected. As the seed from each ear is found satisfactory and sound, and free from poor kernels, it is poured into the general supply, and another ear is shelled in the same way. It is much easier to pick out defective kernels from a thin layer in a small sieve than from a large mingled quantity in a bushel measure or a bag. Giwiine-Ksrosena qp | I wieredfor latest Directs Factory Pricea on oil styles ■ ’BjSWillfr D- A WITTE-withfeosch Standard H J Magneto - High Teneion-thc V *U I only Ignition for Kerosene. ■ SAVE 415 TO SSOO BUYING! DIRECT. Catalog FREE. | g WTHeEngfne Work> I a» jl tmplr. BI<U.-f*gburgh, P». | LABOR SHORTAGE FELT-USE WHAT IS L EFT TO ADVANTAGE Do nothing today which can be put off until tomorrow. That is an apparent perversion of the ancient and excellent proverb, and most people may be inclined to look upon it as pernicious—but, properly interpreted, It is a sound principle in farm management and one that a great many farmers will particularly need to apply in the face of the shortage of labor with which this year's crops must be made. It applies to tasks that interfere with work in the fields at times when field work can be done. It does not mean procrastination. It means get ting the indirectly productive work done in advance, if possible, but if it can't be done in advance put it off till the rush work in the fields is out of the way. It is one of the important factors, say farm-man agement specialists of the United States department of agriculture, in full utilization of farm labor. Great Need This Year And full utilization is likely to be more important this year than it has ever been before. Reports coming to the department of agriculture from all sections of the country are to the effect that farm laborers and tenants are caught by the lure of high wages and are leaving the farms for the cities. A great many farmers, ap parently, will be forced to carry on their operations this year with less help than they have ever had be fore. Unless such labor as is left on the farm is utilized to the best possible advantage, there is danger of a serious curtailment of produc tion. Farm-management specialists say, however, that a ,great deal can be accomplished toward helping produc tion by getting the most out of the labor available. They lay down a few simple rules that they believe will help toward attaining this re- BUlt. The best farmer, they say, is the one who gets the other work out of the way and keeps the teams moving whenever the land is in condition for field work. The amounts of products that a farmer can grow depends on getting the field work done when the weather will permit it. Nothing except necessary work like feeding and milking should be permitted to take men from the fields, and it should be planned where possible to get these things done and still keep the horses working ten hours a day. Plan no wet-land work, they say, when there is work in the fields that can be done. By wet-land work is mept Such things as cutting weeds and brush in the fence rows, repair ing the fences, repairing buildings and a great many other necessary things—but things that can be done just as well when the ground is too wet to plow. Leave no rainy-day work, another rule says, to be done when it is not raining, for profits are limited by the amount of outdoor work that gets done. Rainy-day work is nec essary work and If it is not done on rainy days it will have to b ( e done later on fair days and will Interfere with field work. It includes things that can be done under shelter, such as shelling seed corn, mending the harness and repairing tools. Jot down. In.a note .book, the spe cialists advise, the things' that will need attention the next rainy day. This will enable you to plan your work quickly and when you get up some morning and find the rain pour ing down. Do first the jobs that are in danger of getting In the way of the next dry weather work. Put in long days in rush seasons with the assurance that you can ease down on rainy days or when the rush is over. And then comes that first rule, “Do nothing today which can as well be put off till tomorrow.” There are a great many things that can not be put off till tomorrow. If sowing oats is delayed until the warm, dry days of late spring, there will be a light harvest. If the born is not cutivated even for one week after it is old enough to cultivate, the fields will be weedy and the crops poor. If the dairy cows are neglect ed, there will soon be no milk. This class of tasks, therefore, demands immediate attention. Put off the pther things to more or less remote tomorrows when the rush work is out of the way. Then Back to the Old Proverb Then, when the rush work is over revert to the proverb in its original form, “Put off nothing until tomor row which can be done 'today.” This applies to work that may be done any time within a wide latitude, but the time comes when it can not be put off any longer and it may stop the rush work. Seed corn, for example, may be tested and shelled any time after it is thoroughly cured, but if the work is neglected until the fields are ready to plant, then that most profitable work in the corn field may be delayed. That is a fair illustra tion of “get-it-out-of-the-way” work. It takes more planning, more thinking, and more force of charac ter to do this work in season when there is no rush work than it does to concentrate on rush work. .Only by using his head can the farmer han dle the “get-lt-out-of-the-Way” work in advance, but he must apply the rule methodically and unfailingly if he is to get ahead very fast in spite -of shortage of labor. Proportion of Various Crops Influence Income What proportion of cropped acres on any farm should be devoted to cotton in order to make the farm as a whole most profitable. This is one of the questions the United States demaptremnt of ag riculture insists upon having an swered in determining efficiency of southern farm management. A large number of farm studies have been made to determine the proportions. Figures are quoted from a survey made In Sumter county, Georgia. Os nine one-mule farms the best five averaged 23 acres of cropped land to a mule. Os this, 9.8 acres, or less than half, was planted to cotton. The remainder was divided as follows: 7:2 acres in corn; 5.7 in oats or oat hay; 3.6 were second cropped -with cowpea hay, leaving 3.3 acres for miscellaneous pur poses. , Os twenty-three two-mule farms the best five averaged 30.2 acres of crop land a mule. Os this 10.6 acres were planted to corn; 3.9 to oats and oat hay; 2 acres were second crop ped with cowpea hay; 14 acres were devoted to cotton, and 1.7 to miscel laneous crops. Os twenty-five three-mule farms the best five averaged 32.58 acres of crop land a mule, of which 17.47 acres were planted to cotton, the remainder going largely into food and feed crops. Os eighteen four-mule farms the best five averaged 39 acres of crop land a mule; 18.85 of this went into cotton, the remainder being plant ed to supply crops. Os nineteen five-mule farms the best five averaged 27.1 acres a mule and planted 15 1-2 acres of this in cotton. The best five of fifteen six-mule farms averaged 34 1-2 acres of crop land a mule and planted 19 1-2 acres of this in cotton. Growing Cotton Under 801 l Weevil Conditions CLEMSON COLLEGE, CLEMSON, s ; c - — The following recommenda tions for raising cotton under boll weevil conditions, based on the best information. Available at the present, are. made by the Clemson extension service as a general guide for farm ers. " ’ Plant a smaller acreage per plow. ' ' 2. Prepare the land better than formerly. 3. —Use more fertilizer and use it more judiciously. 4-—Do not plant seed in close con tact with large applications of fer tilizer. 5. —Plant only purebred seed of the best varieties. The following short staple varieties are recommended for wilt-free land: Cleveland Big 801 l and Cook. For wilt-infested land: Dixie-Triumph and Dixie. Long sta ple varieties: Webber 49 and Web er 82. 6. —Delint seed with sulphuric acid if possible. 7. —Plant plenty of seed to insure a good stand. 8. —Plant at the same time as be fore the appearance of the boll wee vil. 9. —Plant in rows three and one half to four and one-half feet ■wide, depending on the kind of land. 10. —Leave cotton thick in the row, preferably eight to twelve inches. 11. —Cultivate often enough to keep out weeds and grasses. 12. —Follow cotton with a cover crop. Plan to plow under as much organic matter as possible. 13. —Practice systematic crop rota tion. 14. —Do not depend on cotton alone as a cash crop, but plant peanuts, tobacco, corn and alfalfa as cash crops. 15. —Remember that the boll wee vil can be beaten only with good farm management. Price Situation in a Nut Shell Here Shown The level of prices paid producers of the United States for the princi pal crops increased about 4.5 per cent during December; in the last 10 years the price level increased in like period about 2.2 per cent. On January 1, 1920, the index fig ure of prices was about 18.9 per cent higher than a year ago. 12.3 per cent higher than two years ago, and 84.7 per cent higher than the average of the last 10 years on January 1. The prices of meat animals—hogs, cattle, sheep, and chickens —to pro ducers of the United States de creased 2.9 per cent from November 15 to December 15; in the last nine years prices decreased in like period 0.7 per cent. On December 15 the index figure of prices for these meat animals was about 13.9 per cent lower than a year ago, 9.4 per cent lower than two years ago, and 44.2 per cent higher than the average of the last nine years on December 15. These facts are shown by the fig ures of the Bureau of Crop Es timates, United States Department of Agriculture. Pointers in Dairying 1. The dairy is a factory, and, like all factories, the larger the production of each machine (the in dividual cow) the lower is the cost of production. 2. Only by keeping records of pro duction can the value of individual cows be known. 3. The feeding of scrub cows and the “scrub” feeding of good, cows are two of the commonest mistakes in dairying. 4. Save all reifer calves from the best producing cows in the herd to replace the unprofitable cows. 5. Use a good sire. Without a good sire improvement in the herd is impossible. 6. Get rid of the unprofitable cows in the dairy. The milk scales and Babcock test will point them out. 7. Proof that kindness and regu larity ’in milking and feeding is ap preciated by the dairy cow will be shown in the larger flow of milk. 8. Grow plenty of feed for the dairy herd. Feeding from the sack takes the biggest part of the profits. LABOR UTILIZATIO N IS IMPORTANT FACTOR IN FARM MANAGEMENT The question of whether or not a farm is efficiently managed is an swered in large measure by deter mining whether or not the productive enterprises on the farm as organized are sufficient to make the best utili zation of the work stock equipment necessary to operate the farm and the time of the regular men on the farm. This statement is made by the United States department of agricul ture in connection with a series of tests to determine the relative effi ciency of southern farms. A great number of farm, manage ment studies were made to furnish the basis for the tests. In connec tion with labor utilization, figures are quoted from a survey made in Sumter county, Georgia. On the best one-mule cotton farms in that coun ty an average of 23 acres of cropped land, 4 acres of which were double cropped, were worked with one mule. The conclusion is reached, therefore, that on farms of this type having less than 27 acres of crops the mule requirements are not sufficient to utilize properly the labor of the one mule necessary to operate the farm. It is likewise estimated that two mule cotton farms must have not less than 64 acres of crops, three mule farms not less than 104 acres of ci-ops, and so on with the larger mule equipments in order to account for the best utilization. Better Records Made While these figures represent the averages of the best farms in cer tain groups and are said to make an excellent and conservative guide, they do not represent the highest possible efficiency. There was one farm in Sumter county on which each mule worked an average of about 40 3-4 acres of crops. If the organization of the farm is not such as to reach high efficiency ! n utilizing the work stock equip ment, it is suggested that attention be given to bringing idle tillable POINTS TO REMEMBER IN USING FERTILIZERS IN YOUR GARDEN Manure is scarce in and around cities. Commercial fertilizers must be depended upon primarily for add ing fertility to garden soils. It pays to use the best grade of commercial fertilizers. When the home gardener buys fertilizers he pays for nitro gen, phosphoric acid and potash and if he can secure the required amount of these elements in a Small quanti ty of material, so much the better, as he will avoid the handling of a greater weight upon which freight and other costs have been paid. A fertilizer cohtaining from 4 to 6 per cent of nitrogen, 8 to 10 per cent of available phosphoric acid, and 3 or 4 per cent potash is generally recommended for use on home gar dens by specialists of the United States department of agriculture. One pound to 30 feet of row is equivalent t© an application of 500 pounds to the acre. One pound to 15 feet of row is equivalent to an application of 1,000 pounds to the acre, and application of 1 pound to 8 feet of row is practically equiv alent to 2,000 pounds of fertilizer to the acre. “To Keep Pecan Trees F ree From Insects And Fungus Ene mies Must Spray Them” Frepaxeft by Extension Service, Au burn, Ala. There is a widespread belief that the pecan is practically free from in sect and fungous enemies. This er roneous idea has lead to the planting of pecan trees in low, damp lands where there was no possibility of air circulation nor air currents. For many years orchards so planted have produced good crops, but gradually we hkve been forced to realize that grave errors have been committed and we must confront the situation as it is. It is a fact that various groves in the state are not now producing more than 10 to 25 per cent of their former yields and the quality of the nuts produced is extremely inferior. Certain varieties in many groves un der observation have been so dam aged by pecan scab and mildew dur ing recent years that they have not only ceased to produce fruit but, from 10 to 100 per cent of the ter minal branches are dead and even the trees themselves have died as di rect result of the damage from these two diseases. A visit to an orchard recently dis closed the fact that certain varieties of trees in that orchard had practi cally shed all of their foliage a month before the nuts were ripe. In fact, on one variety not a nut was produced. In many instances trees were largely defoliated before the nuts were ripe with the result that the nuts filled poorly and their meat was unfit for human food. It is easy to sta|e a fact about a condition of this character, but a remedy is not so easily found be cause we have but little data on the result of pecan spraying. We do know, however, that the spray pump is the only possible solution in many Fowls and the Family A large proportion of the poultry products of this country are pro duced on general farms. Nearly ev ery farm has its poultry flock. The average American farmer reserves about three dozen eggs a week for family use and about fifty fowls are consumed by the family during the year. These food products can be secured absolutely fresh, which con siderably enhances the value of this contribution from the farm. Os the meat furnished by the farm to the operator and his family, poultry con stitutes about ten per cent. A small flock of poultry can be kept on the farm at little cost, as is pointed out by poultry experts of the United States department of ag riculture. The fowls find scattered grain about the farmstead and on the adjoining grain fields after harvest. Garden refuse and kitchen waste are usually available for them. They also feed on insects and worms. In many the farmer’s wife and children find pleasure in caring for the flock.’ How the Middlemen Work It is important that a producer clearly understand the functions of brokers and commission merchants. They act as the producer’s personal representatives on the market. In the case of brokers this is an im portant consideration if shipments are apt to be rejected, for the rep resentative is able, through being on the ground, either to prevent re jection entirely or to offer a suita ble compromise. Brokers act mere ly as representatives of the shipper, whereas commission merchants us ually have complete authority to dis pose of shipments to the best ad vantage. Brokers handle shipments usually in dtirlots, while commission merchants handle shipments of any size. lands into use, to reclaiming wild land, or to renting additional acres. On the other hand, if it is found that the work stock equipment is not sufficient to operate the farm profitably, it may be advisable to rent out a few acres and bring the farm down to a size that can be op erated efficiently by the present out fit. This, of course, is to be con sidered only in..cases where the re quirements of the farm can not be made sufficient to justify the addi t"Ji of another mule. Getting a Bine on Labor Fuh utilization of man labor is, of course, quite as important as that of mule labor. The method of arriv ing at the percentage of efficiency with which the time of the men is utilized is this: Determine the total number of days’ work required by all the pro ductive enterprises. Subtract from it the number of days necessary to do the contract and miscellaneous day wage work. The remainder is the number of productive days’ work required of the regular man on the farm. Divide this number by the number of days available for field work at their command. The quo tent is the percentage of efficiency. It works out this way: Suppose that there were 212 days during the year on which work could be done in the field. Then suppose that the owner of the farm actually had work to do for only 175 days dur ing the year. One hundred and sev enty-five is 82 per cent of 212. The owner of the farm, therefore, reach ed 82 per cent of efficiency in utiliz ing his own labor. Full details as to this and the va rious other tests used in demon strating farm efficiency are given in United States department of ag riculture circular No. 83. Copies of the circular may be had free by writing the department of agricul ture, Washington, D. C. Commercial fertilizers are high at present and no more than is abso lutely necessary be used. Care must also be taken in their ap plication, as there is constant dan ger of burning the roots of the plants, especially where the fertil izers are applied directly in the rows. The best results are general ly secured where the fertilizers are applied and raked in a few days be fore sowing the seeds or setting the plants. In th ! s way they become more or less mixed with the soil and there will be little danger of doing the plants an injury. In many sections of the country ni trate of soda is used as a stimulant to force the growth of the plants after they are started. Nitrate of soda is a concentrated fertilizer furnishing nitrogen, that element which makes the green and vigorous growth in plants, and should be used sparingly to avoid injury. The usual custom is to scatter a little (1 pound to 100 feet) nitrate of soda along the rows of plants and mix it with the soil by means of a hoe or rake. cases. Thinning out groves, where the trees are too thick, will assist by adding in better air circulation; and top-working diseased susceptible varieties to non-susceptible varieties, a very expensive and doubtful expe dient, may aid in other cases. The greatest good to come from a recog nition of the present status of the industry, and the influence disease attack may have upon it, is to serve notice on those who contemplate fur ther planting that: First: Disease resistant varieties must be selected, such as Schley; Stuart and Success. Second: Low, wet lands must be avoided and elevated areas, with good air drainage, planted instead. Third: Trees must not be over crowded, no matter where planted. Fourth: Where the orchards are large enough, and the trees consist of varuable varieties, the spray pump should be introduced. The spray schedule, which we rec ommend as a result of Our meagei* knowledge,* Is essentially as follows: First: All trees should be sprayed thoroughly in the winter with con centrated lime-sulful solution at the same dilution as for apple and peach. Second: As soon as the foliage is out, a second spraying should be given, consisting of 4-5-50 Bordeaux formula with one and one-half pounds of arsenate of lead added where any damage has been noted from moth, case worm or caterpil lars. Third: This spraying should be repeated after the nuts have set. Fourth: Additional sprayings of Bordeaux, without arsenate of lead, should be given at intervals through out the season, the number and time of applications depending upon weath conditions and crop outlook. Saws 25 Cords a Day Th. Ottawa Log does the work of ten ’“**'• Makes wood sawing easy and profitable. When not sawing wood use for pumping, feed grinding, etc. Simple economical durable. Thousands In use. Fullzguaranteed. M> days trial. 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THURSDAY, APRIL 1, 1920 SHORT ACCOUNTING COURSES BUSINES S AID FOR FARMERS There is an after-the war bogy, so-called, which has been doing a lot of good on American farms — more good than folks had any idea of when he started out poking his nose into the pocketbook of every farmer, just as if the farmers’ pri vate financial affairs were any of his business, which they are, by the way. This particular bogy is known as Mr. Income Tax. He has not confined his investigations to farmers, of course, but the fact of special interest to country dwell ers is that the levying of this war tax has greatly stimulated the de sire on the part of farmers to keep farm records. This in turn has made very popular so-called "one day courses” in accounting, which are now being conducted in at least 15 states through the co-operation of the United States department of ag riculture and the state agricultural colleges in farm management ex tension work. Fann Accounting in Many States In a sense, therefore, the present movement is a by-product of the war—one which is enabling thou sands of farmers to ascertain ex actly “where they are” after mar keting like stock, grain, vegetables, or any other of the necessities they produce. It also is a great correct or of numberless bad practices that obtain on farms. Last year the farm management extension service held these accounting courses in over 100 localities in Illinois. The year’s ex perience so thoroughly demonstrated the value of the idea that now the accounting course is being carried on in Montana, Idaho, Colorado, Kansas, South Dakota, North Da kota, lowa, Missouri, Illinois, In diana, Ohio and Kentucky. In many cases the county agents continue these courses after they have assisted at one or two meet ings held by the extension specialist. Simple farm-account books prepared for the convenient use of farmers are used and are the same as the ones to be kept by the farmer throughout the year. Here is what is done in these schools: The farmers, who usually enroll as a result of written and personal invitations from the coun ty agent, assemble at 9 o’clock in a hall, schoolroom, county court house, or some other convenient place. Their work at the outset in en tering in an account book a set of figures typical of receipts, expendi tures, and inventory for a farm in the locality. An analysis of this typical record, and also a demon stration of how to determine the taxable income included in these fig ures is given by the instructor, the farmers working under his guidance with pencil and paper. Yearly Inventory Emphasized In entering the typical set of fig- Usx Sample gy i means MOKE MONEY in the pocket y //V»wpm of tlie Cotton Grower. And therefore ■ Jr/ »*a,t ftMORE BUSINESS for the Ginner, as j advertises him far and wide. Munger System outfits A jj which revolutionized the cotton gin- l/ ning industry many years ago, have ■ always led as SAMPLE MAKERS, and their superiority is maintained ’ 111 ■ ’ by continuous and progressive im- provements. Write for catalog I Continental Gin Co. Sales Offices: Birmingham, Ala., Atlanta, On. Charlotte, It, C., Dallas, Tex., Memphis, Tenn. V PRIDES AND cutter rxQM jucramr to you. Safcßd«e«sM®i WE make what you want-a QUALITY BUGGY and sell it the right way-' ’ V DIRECT TO YOU. Our buggies have that style, elegance, strength and durabii ity which insures satisfaction. They are the Choice of thousands. t .. Any Middlebrooks Barnesville Pride or Beauty will be shipped upon deposited llOJw, sate livery guaranteed and subject to our 60 days' driving trial. We guarantee our buggies tor time against defects in material or workmanship. Write at once tor catalog ana factory pn B. W. MIDDLEBROOKS, Pre*., barnesviuLf BUGGY MFG. CO. Dept. 3 Barnesville, Ga. WOW MR.MATTHEWS SAVED $322 PER SQUARE ON MIS ROOF 1 SAVED *3 03 | “The more t see-of your I GET ROOF- I After the Roofiag we h«et A roofing (M? Rocbng) INQ NOW lon ha nd -already made ap-« the better I like it And I believe Ir >e If lia *4l6—we may be obliged te ebarge $1 pee not better, then roofing told bare In Quanta et I tquare more than the low prieeaehown below Far Eight Douiare (« «>,» fbiore’ “Ljmtaa D I the used in manufacturing •■Everweal' , WAB® DIRECT TO YOU FIREPROOF EASY TO MAIL OH Guaranteed F’or 20 Years FIREPROOF- | Ererweer’ Roofing la OUR 30 DAT OFFER IGc! yM r rot- CANT RUST * FireptooL Can't mat. SAVES.TOy.MONETJfiMt now. White itaay tonailon Csalbe mad on new bnildiiwWoe pricea ere UAv.i Ro Mil direct to you—Par tbe , nailed; right over old wdS dhiitolaa-juiok end freight egad Be year ewe oenbant eeiyz Cone« In big- wMe pieces. ' Galvanieed >n d keep io-yotsr own pecliet abe profit the ilaele* 1 Struuk Fete* & ftefiiiiCt. aak foi: Free F«nc< CauJog. I J Savannah, Ga> ‘‘S'Sv The Middlebrooks “Knocker”! Wa . GUANO DISTRIBUTOR This machine knocks out guano dry or d* Z* 7C I damp in any quantity desired and doesn’t j choke up Simple, light and durable. ' Guaranteed to give satisfaction. Our iactory-to-you price, while present stock lasts. $6.75. Order now and save. Immediate shipments guaranteed. Recommended for three distinct uses: First, for distributing fei tilizers before and while planting. Second, for cultivating and f®£r tiliting growing plants. Third, for drilling oats, sorghum, millet. You need th hr Distributor in your farm work. Your money refunded if you are not pleased B. W. MIDDLEBROOKS COMPANY, S 4 Main Street, BARNESVILLE, OEOROIA ures, items making up the inventory which should be made annually are set down first. This is followed by entry of receipts and expenditures for the years’ business, and finally an inventory representing conditions at the close of the year. The in structor shows how to figure annual depreciation according to income-tax rulings, and what items should be put in the account and which left out. A few items foreign to ths record are usually put down, but be* foye summarizing are stricken out by the instructor, the reasons for such action being given in each case. Usually this practice accounting takes up most of the morning. Part or all of the afternoon may be oc cupied with a discussion of factors affecting efficiency with which the farm is managed, quality of l‘ive stock, amount' of live stock, size of the farm business, the farm lay out and use of labor. The farm rec ord entered in the account book af fords a good basis for illustrating the discussion. For instance, those pres ent often disagree radically as to which of two plans is best, such aS which of two systems of live stock production, or which rotation -of crops, should be adopted. Such ques tions are settled by determining the amount of feed required by differ ent animals and what combination of crops will produce the required feed and whether the combination of crops suggested is the most economical crop plan for that locality. Incom# Tax Information Sought Probably the desire to know how to calculate the Income tax accurately has been one of the strongest in centives for farmers to attend these schools, but the benefits they derive extends to a far greater field, since the farmer is induced to undertake a systematic keeping of accounts which enable him to study his farm busi ness intelligently. Grossly erroneous estimates and guesses, many of whioh have been accepted as accurate for years, are set aside and actual facts and figures take their place. Thus the farmer sees his whole farm busi ness in its proper perspective. He ascertains which crops, what kind of live stock, and what kind of layout are the most profitable. Likewise, he is in a far better position to know what is a fair price for his produce and how much, profit will result from any given price. Do not feed green cut bone often er than every other day. It is best fed in a trough. Allow about one half ounce to each bird. Should too severe or continued looseness of the bowels follow the feeding of the bone, it should be discontinued or the quantity reduced. 7