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AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION BY DR. ANDREW M. SOULE Stop the Leaks We are credited with importing $150,000,000 to $200,000,000 worth of food products into Georgia each year. These are the figures present ed by various individuals who have made some statistical inquiries into what we are doing along this line. If we can not help ourselves in re spect to this situation, then we must face the issues involved as best we may. If, however, this flood of money represents a tide of fortune which we should undertake to con trol, then action of a constructive character becomes imperative. The amount of money indicated above shows that we are importing into each of our 154 counties an average of between one million and one and one-half million dollar’s wortl) of food products each year. Os what do these food products consist? Meat appears to head the list. Our county imports average around $37,000.00 worth of beef, pork and lard annually. We still have ten million acres of unoccupied land in Georgia, fourteen million acres of land that are in farms but unimprov ed and twelve million acres of im proved land. Thus we have twice as much land which plainly could be used for grazing- as is included in agricultural production at this time. There are less than 600,000 head of beef cattle in the state. It would thus appear that there is no reason why we should not raise all the beef we need. In fact, there is no sound reason save that we are overlooking a God-given opportunity to. make ourselves more prosperous and inde pendent than we are at present. What we need to do is to study and encourage grain production on a basis that will enable us to main tain beef cattle the year round, grow the aninflals out to desirable propor tion and so develop an industry that will add millions of dollars to our revenue and thus cause the food we are now producing to circulate at home rather than go to the advance ment of states lying north of the Ohio river. What has been said of beef applies with equal force to pork, t is true that we have developed our swine industry very materially in the last five years, but we yet have a long way to go because we are still im porting large quantities of pork. We must also improve the grade and character of the animals we are maintaining on our farms and ranges. We must increase the acreage devot ed to grazing crops. We must study and consider means for increasing the acreage devoted to cereals and the means of insuring the finishing of a large percentage of animals which will kill out and yield a finer or what is termed a “hard” meat. We should eliminate in a very short time and to our advantage the meat bill we are now paying to the west. This is but a form of tribute being exacted from us for the furnishing of supplies which we can provide at home in a thoroughly satisfac tory manner. The next item on the list appears to be feeds including hay, oats, corn, meal and chop bran. This item amounts to §125,000 to $150,000 per county Again we are committing the error of purchasing food stuffs from foreign sources which we can provide at home. We can make the iiost excellent alfalfa hay on the red lands of Georgia. It can be pro duced at a profit in competition with the west. There is no section of the country where winter oats can be grown more advantageously than in Georgia and in the southeastern states in general. If we will in crease the yield of corn but five bushels per acre there will be an abundance of this cereal available for all local uses. We can replace bran by peanut meal, velvet bean meal and soy bean meal. Let us get out from under the obligations we are now paying to the west for feed stuffs of this character. In the matter of canned goods the imports per county amount to $59,- 000 a year. This represents canned vegetables, milk, meat' and fruit- Can it be true that the home state of the famous peach still imports thousandss of dollar’s worth of canned peaches a year? Can it be true that a state where animals can be graced or maintained on silage for twelve, months is Importing milk? Is it pos sible that the state which ships out thousands of car loads of water melons and muskmelons and where every known type of vegetable can be produced effectively and in grea diversity is still buying car load t after car load of canned beans, corn, i potatoes and other staple vegetables? The records appear to indicate that these are the facts in the case and force us regretfully to the conclu sion that cotton after all, when han dled on the basis followed in Geor gia, may be the means of making us a great deal of money, but also causes us to lose a very large amount of it through our failure to diversify on a basis adequate to our needs. We are even importing poultry and eggs to the extent of $15,000 per county. We are evidently not giving the attention to this industry which it deserves. We are evidently acting on the theory that the hen can take care of herself. It is possible that she can exist when left to look after herself, but she will not likely be a profitable investment. There is no condition that pertains in Tennessee which does not exist m Georgia, and that state has become a great poul try state probably because cotton cannot be grown to the exclusion of other crops for the promotion of es sential industries. In the matter of Irish potatoes and fresh vegetables Georgia im ports $125,000,000 worth annually per county. One hundred and fifty to 200 bushels of’lrish potatoes can be produced per acre in Georgia. Lettuce will grow out of doors for a considerable part of the year, and onions the year-round. Beets, car rots, radishes, cucumbers. corn, beans, peas and almost every other desirable vegetable may be grown in abundance to perfection. Why should we be paying tribute to any section for potatoes or any other fresh vegetable under such condi tions as exist in this state? We are importing $150,000 worth of flour annually' per county. Evi dently, only a very small percentage of our farmers raise the wheat which provides* the bread so essen tial for their families. It would take a comparatively small amount of our landed area to make us in dependent in the matter of bread supplies. We cannot be prosperous to the degree which is both desirable and essential, until we become inde pendent of Minnesota and tne Da kotas for our bread. In the matter of butter and cheese there is) imported at least SIO,OOO anuually per county. Four cheese factories have been established in Georgia, and they manufacture a product equal to that made in any other section of the United States. We have great unoccupied ranges as previously pointed out. We Can grow a great variety of grasses ana forage crops and still we are not raising the live stock so essential to the economical cultivation of our landed areas. The records show that we are importing at least $102,000 worth of horses and mules annually. In spite of this fact as fine a type of purebred and grade horses have been bred on the college farm at Athens as can be raised in any oth er section of the country. There are a few farmers who are breeding mules of a fine type. Why not ex tend this Industry on a Iwisis com mensurate with our needs? Why not keep the $150,000,000 to $200,000,000. which we are contrib uting to the prosperity of other sections of the country at home? let us become Independent through the proper utilization of our local facilities for the production of the diversified crops so essential to the economical maintenance of our peo- > pie and the industries of our state. If we could save the handsome sum of money indicated above and put it into circulation in Georgia and make it a part of our permanent wealth, who could foretell the de cree of hanpiness and prosperity which wotlld come into the homes and the hearts of the people of our states? Tt is f consummation to he devoutly sought, and everv ob stacle standing in the way of its i’HE ATLANTA TRIAVi'IEKLk JOURNAL.. i attainment should be ruthlessly cast I aside. Data Relative to Brown Corn Cultivation. 1 E. T. A., Luthersville, Ga., writes: I would liek to know when to plant, and how to culti vate and fertilize broom corn. What variety would you recom mend? Broom corn should be planted and cultivated very much like ordinary field corn. It may be sown in drills three and a half to four and a half feet apart, depending on the fertility of the land. It should be seeded at the rate of about six pounds per acre. The stalks should be thinned out so they will stand six inches or more apart in the drill row. Wider standing will be desirable on the poorer types of land. This crop may be planted any time during May or June. May is generally regarded as the best month in which to plant broom corn in this section. It should be fertilized much the same as or- I dinary field corn. An 8-3-3 will answer very Avell on our heavier types of soil. On the lighter lands, a 93-4 may be used to better ad vantage. There should be no trou ble in securing seed from any relia ble dealer as this crop is now quite extensively grown in various parts of the country. There are several so-called stand ard varieties. The principal strain is known as the Evergreen broom corn. It is not so early as some of the Japanese varieties recentlv intro duced into this country. It'is worth while to spend enough money to in sure the purchase of a good, reliable strain of seed. The profit from the cultivation of broom corn in re cent years has been quite large. There does not appear to be any rea son. why this crop cannot be advan tageously cultivated in Georgia. Destruction of Bnglisli Sparrows J. J. 8., Hawkinsville. Ga., writes: Please send me a recipe for poisoning English sparrows as they are destroying the gar dens around here. i You may poison English sparrows as follows Bait the part of the garden that is frequented by spar rows with wheat for several days previous to putting out the poison. Scatter the wheat grains out sepa rately. Secure one-eighth of an ounce of strychnine sulphate and dis solve it in three-fourths of a gill of hot water, it will take boiling water to accomplish the purpose. Then add one and one-half teaspoonfuls o* starch to the solution thus prepared. Take a quart of the wheat and work into the mixture so thoroughly that each grain will be carefully coated. Then allow to dry. Spread along the garden rows very thinly whore the sparrows mostly congregate. Any bird consuming about twenty grains will be killed. After each treatment, you should clean up all killed birds and repeat the operation if neces sary in a new section of the garden. Remember, .tHat when the poisoned gram, is spread out. you should make ; certain that no chickens or farm animals can gain access to Replanting the Cotton Crop _ J"-,®- D,, Rogers, Ga., writes: I had to plant my cotton over on account of the cold having killed V- When I planted I put down o0t) to 600 pounds of a 12-3-2 fer tilizer. Do I need the second ap plication of fertilizer? If so when should it be applied? Under existing conditions we hard a?.vlse use °f a second ap plication of fertilizer under your cot ton. You used quite a large appli cation when you planted the seed originally, and I feel quite certain P lant food is still under the drill row waiting the de velopment of the cotton planted the c °? d tjme When this develops t ly u £ lllze this » ,ant food - JL think it will absorb most of it. No aoubt tlip’-e has been some loss from leaching, but not as great as i imag ine you might think. B In making the second application m^ er th«^f Sti w?- conditi °ns. I would fer tihze.r on as soon the cotton is chopped to a stand I would prefer to use it as a side think- C tn On ’ a m’f in that cve nt, I ’?a ° u *’ ould find nitrate of soda used at the rate of from fifty to flatiJr Un ? red P? unds Per acre a more satisfactory formula to use than the one you Tiave suggested Spraying Apple and Beach Trees Emory University. Ga m’ach S: tA ha V Should a PPI e « ad poach trees be spraved now? When should they be ™F? yea a s aln ? Will long staple cotton grow here? If not. what v WO , u J d you recommend? H hat should a cow be fed and m ucll of each feed? What will keep worms out of sweet corn? What fertilizer is best lo l’ a rather heavy but rockv soil. Must fertilizer always be put m before planting? Are you in position to give advice re garding the small gasoline plows and cultivators which are adver t’Vngs? tO sucl * wonderful n 4 °c U -n h S U,< l ”P ray a PP Ie trees with a4 ; 6 -’ O . Bordeaux in which arsenate °„,A ead IS m ’ xed - Use two pounds of no., ° n n pound Powder to! fifty gallons of Bordeaux. This treatment is advised for use'in con ti oiling the codding moth, scab and bitter root. About two or three weeks ti om the present date, you mav 5> pra , y tlle a PPI e trees with a 4-6-50 Bordeaux, and two weeks after that date you may use the same ap plication again. Do not apnlv Bor deaux in cloudy or rainy weather or on wet foliage. It is now too late in the season to gain any benefit from whitewashing the trunks of trees. e b ,® B Prayed with an s;o-50 self-boiled, lime-sulphur solu tion. To each fifty gallons of this add one pound of arsenate of lead powder. About two to three weeks later repeat this spray. Peaches should be sprayed with self-boiled lime-sulphur solution alone four weeks before the fruit is due to ripen. This spraying is essential if one would prevent rot in shipment as well as on the trees. Never use arsenate of lead with this applica tion. Long staple cotton can be grown with some success In north Georgia. Several varieties may be selected for this purpose. We would give pref erence to Meade because our experi ence has been quite extensive as well as satisfactory with this va riety, Next to this, certain strains of Express will be found quite sat isfactory and then would probably follow Webber. Reliable growers should be able |o furnish you with good seed. It ■would, presumably, be almost impossible to obtain seed of any of these strains at the present time. This is due to the fact that only a limited quantity of seed of this variety has as yet become avail able, while the demand has been very great. A cow should be fed according to her sie, weight, age and flow of milk. She should be given all of the roughage of a desirable character she will eat. Grass is the best food for summer, and following that soil ing crops such as corn, sorghum, cowpeas, soy beans or combinations of these crops should be used. Tn the winter, silage is the ideal food. The individual keeping one cow, how ever, must depend on roughage made from some of the crops enumerated above and cured as bay and fed as needed. An excellent concentrate may be made up of one-half corn, one half cottonseed meal or velvet bean meal or peanut meal. Bran may be fed for a few days at different times whenever there is evidence of the need of giving stimulating and in vigorating fpod. From a pound to a pound and a'half of concentrates per 100 pounds of live weight should or dinarily be fed. depending on live weight and the flow of milk. A dairy cow of one of the pure-bred strains will now nrobably cost you SSOO and upward. Cows of the type you seek are very rare. Guernseys and Jerseys probably give about the same flow of milk. If anything, the milk of the Guernsey is a little richer than that of the Jersey. Shorthorns are. as a rule, moderate milkers, hut yield a good quantity of milk. Hnlsteihs give more milk than any of the dairy breeds, but it is not so rich in but te v fat. It is very difficult to control bud worms in corn. About the only thing you can do -Is to make a m'x- ture of one pound of arsenate of lead or Faris green and fifty pounds of corn meal and dust this in the ends of the ears. Garden soil in the vicinity of At lanta should respond to the use of a formula containing 9 per cent of available phosphoric acjd, 4 per cent of available nitrogen and 3 to 4 per cent of available potash. Apply at the rate of 500 to 1,000 pounds per acre. As a rule, a complete fertilizer should be put under the drill row and mixed with the soil. Top dressers carry quickly available forms of ni trogen. The State College of Agriculture is in position to give advice of the character you seek relative to the purchase and use of agricultural im plements and garden tools. We have the largest division of agricultural engineering of any institution in the south. A GOOD FERTILIZER MIX TUES TO USE C. R. S.. Macon. Ga., writes: I am thinking of mixing m.v own fertilizer as follows: 1,200 pounds of acid phos phate, 600 pounds es cottonseed meal mid 200 pounds of nitrate of soda. What do teu think of 400 pounds of this for cotton? what would this mixture analyze? Whnt do you think of using tawkag-r in plr.ee- es cottonseed meal, as I can get it mi ch cheaper? The formula which you propose for use on your farm would contain ap proximately 66.6 pounds of available nitrogen per ton and 192 pounds ot available phosphoric acid. I have figured the cottonseed meal as con taming 5.76 per cent of nitrogen, and I have not credited it with the small amount of phosphoric acid or potas.i it would contain. On the other hand, this material might be of higher or lower grade and so affect the figures slightly. On the basis indicated, a ton of this mixture would contain 9.6 per cent of available phosphoric acid and 3.3 per cent of available nitrogen. This would be a very good formula to use for the purpose you have in mind. It is relatively low, however, in nitrogen and would, in our opinion, be somewhat better if strengthened in this respect. There is no objection in the World to using cottonseed meal in the man ner you have indicated except that at present prices, the available ni trogeh it contains will cost you much more than that provided through the agency of nitrate of soda. There is an impression that nitrate of soda cannot be used extensively as a car rier of nitrogen. There is no real basis of fact behind this proposition, ajid as for ourselves, we expect to use nitrate of soda as thevsole car rier of nitrogen this year on our col lege farm. We do this 'simply be cause it furnishes us the nitrogen so much cheaper than we can secure it in iiny other form. There is no reason why a formula such as you have suggested cannot be mixed at home if you wish to do so. There is no secret about combin ing it in the manner Indicated, and no objectionable results will follow its use on the farms you have sug gested. Personally, we would prefer to increase the application to 500 pounds per acre and to; put all or the material under the drill row at the time of planting the crop. With regard to your inquiry as to the merits of tankage, permit me to say that this is a very good source of nitrogen and phosphoric acid. The phosphoric acid contained in bone be comes relatively slowly available. The nitrogen would probably becoine availabe about as quickly as that in cottonseed meal. There would be no objection to using this material in place of cottonseed meal as it would supply nearly as much nitrogen. You could not count on much benefit the present year from the phosphoric acid it contains, but it would benefit succeeding crops grown on your land. Correcting a Depraved Appetite C. E. F., Jefferson, Ga., writes: I have a mule four years old that eats dirt and trash. He will eat hay and fodder but will not eat ear corn or oats very well. He is thin und does not look in good condition. Can you give me a remedy ? The trouble about which you en quire is due to continued feeding of an improper ration. This is the result of the development of a more or less chronic form of indigestion. This trouble is characterized by an Irregular appetite, the ravenous con ' sumption of food at certain times and its rejection at others and by a disposition to eat such foods as you describe. In treating a case of this character, you should proceed at once to examine the food and the water supply. Make certain that these are not contaminated. Be sure that the feed is free from dust and mold. You cannot be too Par ticular about this matter. Next, be sure that the teeth are in good condition so that proper chewing and mastication of the food may be accomplished. Sometimes it will be found on examining the droppings that the animal is infested with worms. In that case proper treat ment should be given at once. It there is a tendency to the forma tion of gas in the stomach, proceed as follows: Take equal parts of baking soda, powdered gentian and powdered ginger. Mix them together as thoroughly as possible and give a heaping teaspoonful as a dose twice daily before feeding. A good plan is to dissolve a powder of the above nature in one-half pint of warm water and administer it as a drench. The observation of the sug gestions made and the use of medi cine indicated should effect a cure in a comparatively short time. Seeding Lespeueza on Bermuda Sod J. W. R., Rome, Ga., writes: When is the proper time to sow lespedeza on Bermuda sod, and what is the best method of sowing? Lespedeza as you doubtless know is a member of the legume family. It is known commonly as Japanese clover. It is a valuable \summer growing grazing plant. It combines well with Bermuda grass. The best time to seed it would be in late April or early May. Broadcast it over the ground at the rate of eight to ten pounds per acre, and then harrow the land very thor oughly. You could greatly hasten the growth and development of the lespedeza if you will apply crushed lime rock at the rate of one ton per acre. This may be put on immediately. Combining Manure and Fertilizings •»' For Cotton H. E. R., Tallapoosa, Ga., WTteis: 1 have about sixty tons of manure and wish to use about 400 to 000 pounds of 9-3-3 fertilizer. Under boll weevil con ditions would it be best to drill the *na nure or broadcast this amount? The land has been in cotton for n lons time with nothing but commercial fertilizer. Should we use potash for corn on sandy bot tom land ? The method of applying manure to land intended for cotton will be de termined entirely by the nature ana character of the manure you ex pect to use and the extent of the area to be fertilized. Our own thought is that about five tons of yard manure should be used per acre. This may be distributed broad cast and especially if it is rather loose or strawy. Where nianure has been composted and is in a finely divided condition, it is all right to use two or three tons in the drill row. We often apply it in this way, using a manure spreader to obtain a uniform and desirable distribu tion. We then put our fertilizer en top of the manure, mixing the ma nure an dfertilizer with the sub soil by means of a bull tongue, bed thereon and plant the cotton. We believe this to be the most desir able method of preparing and han dling' land for a cotton crop. M’r are certain that no better practice could be instituted in a section where the boll weevil is likely to prove very destructive. We do not believe that it is desirable in sec tions that the boll weevil has infest cd to defer the application of any fertilizer to be used until after the planting period. On sandy land ws think you will find it desirable use potash in the fertilizer intend ed for corn. The corn crop makes heavy demands on this element, and our experience leads us to think it an esential constituent to use with this crop. More especially dr< we advise its use on sandy soil than on some of our heavier red lands, FOOD’S “LONG, LONG TRAIL” A BIG ITEM IN LIVING COSTS A line from a popular song— ‘‘There's a long, long trail a-wind ing"—applies to at least one of the many and devious paths which old, man H. C. L. treads in his effort to make living complex and expensive for the average person. The particular byway referred to is that which wholesale shipmc ~ts of food follow in their costly travel from the railway car to the retailer. A carload of fruit or vegetables can be sped half way across the conti nent in a day or .two, but on arriving In the city where the food is to be retailed, the shipment starts on a winding trail which too often adds little but unnecessary costs and de lay. Eliminating Expensive Carting This expensive shunting and haul ing of foodstuffs from point to point in the cities and the spoilage which the unnecessary handling causes are the big items centralized whole sale terminals eliminate. The Bu reau of Markets, United States De partment of Agriculture, has been on this trail, literally, following shipments step by step to determine how much expense is added to the cost of food by unnecessary hand ling between the shipper and the re tailer. The route followed by a car load of peaches entering a middle western city over a railroad not pro vided with team tracks well illus trates this phase of the distribution problem. This car had to be switched- from the railroad on which it entered me city, through the crowded switch yard, to another track which is ac cessible to teams. Here it stood un til the receiving wholesalers’ team sters could finish another job. After this delay two wagons were drawn up beside the car, in turn, and were loaded with the peaches. Thereupon they started for the wholesale house which was two miles away. The teamsters’ route lay through the most congested part of the city, the wholesale district being close to the busy retail section. The wagons were a full hour and a quarter mak ing the trip. Meanwhile, the sun beat down on the peaches and the city’s dust and dirt filtered in through the crates so that the fruit was far from being as fresh and at tractive as when taken from the car. Moreover, the journey so jostled and, bruised the fruit that some of it had to be sold at a discount. Though the wholesalers were par- GET BETTER CORN YIELDS BY MAKING CULTIVATION COUNT Farm labor is scarce this year, and yields are likely to suffer unless available labor is utilized to the best advantage. Unnecessary or misdirected culti vation is always a serious waste, but it is particularly so when mah power is not adequate to crop requirements. Make all labor count at full value. In cultivating the corn crop, say spe cialists of the United States depart ment of agriculture, use a two-row cultivator if possible. It consumes only half as much man labor as a one-row cultivator and only one fourth as much as the half-row cul tivator or double shovel. Cultivate when cultivation is need ed, but refrain when it is not needed. Cultivation may be a waste of time or actually injurious under certain conditions. Cultivation by a hard and-fast rule is likely to do more harm than good. Government corn specialists give the- following prin ciples as to time and manner of cul tivating corn: Cultivation Has Three Objects There are three main purposes of cultivation—to store moisture, to de stroy weeds, to warm the soil. Keep the soil surface loose and open. This will let the ra'in soak in quickly and reduce waste. In fair weather it will • prevent the subsoil from drying out. A. properly culti vated surface soil will send moisture, laden with plant food, up through the corn roots and stalks to make ears. Every. weed in a cornfield is an enemy. It drinks up moisture and consumes plant food that should go to make corn kernels instead of weed seed. Destroy weeds when they ap pear. Attack them, if possible, in fair weather. You will then have the sun as a powerful ally. Evaporation of moisture lowers temperature. A wet, evaporating soil surface is cold. A dry soil surface is warm. A loose soil surface dries quickly, and the blanket of loose, dry soil then checks evaporation, drinks in sunshine, and becomes warm. Watch your soil—its condition should determine when to cultivate. Do not let cracks form. They are holes through which valuable moist ure escapes. Do not cultivate when your ground •is dry or wet enough FARMERS’ MARKETING COSTS LOWERED BY GOOD HIGHWAYS The highway is coming into its own in America. Neglected, abused, undervalued, subjected to cheap remedies for de cades, at last the country road is being accorded the treatment it de serves. At a cost of hundreds of millions, the United States is rap idly overcoming the economic handi cap which highway neglect has so long entailed. This stupendous movement, the scose of which the public even now does not fully comprehend, is found ed on sound business considerations. Good roads pay. . If they did not, the nation would not now be con structing and planning them on an unprecedented scale. They pay by promoting the social life of the people, by encouraging outdoor door recreation, and by helping maelstroms of municipalities. But. more important still, they pay in dollars and cents, for poor roads add a heavy toll to the buying and selling of farm productsJa toll far in ex cess of adequate improvement. Unprecedented. Read Program This is a lesson cities as well as rural districts are learning. In the bureau of public roads. United States Department of Agriculture, which administers the federal aid road act, is centered supervision of all highway construction which fed eral funds help carry on. At the close of last year, project statements had been approved calling for fed eral aid to the amount of $110,840,- 773- —a sum which indicates how ful ly the nation is convinced that bet ter roads mean better business. The total federal funds available to aid the states in their road-building pro grams up to July 1, 1920. will be $169.750,000 —and this total is ex ceeded by the combined expenditure's of state, county, and municipalities. Bettor Roads, Better Business The"business considerations back of these vast investments are not far to seek. Better roads mean cheaper and quicker hauling. It has been estimated, for example, that on a level, muddy earth road the amount which one horse can draw in an or dinary wagon varies from nothing to a maximum of SOO pounds; on a smooth, dry earth road, from 1.000 to 3,000 pounds; on a gravel road in bad condition, from 1,000 to 1,500 pounds; on a gravel road in good condition, about 3.300 pounds; on a macadam raod, from 2,000 to 5,000 pounds; on a brick road, from 5.000 to 8,000 pounds. If the speed of travel is the same on all of these surfaces, the horse will haul on a good macadam road from three to five times, as many miles a day as upon a moderately muddy earth road. Assuming that one horse is capable of a certain fix ed amount a day, then, with a given load, his effective radius of travel from a given point on a macadam road is from three to five times the radius of travel from that point on r moderately muddy earth road —and earth roads are moderately mudd» many months in the year. Several years ago information se cured by the department of agricul ture from 2,800 correspondents in dicated that the average cost ol hauling on an unimproved country road was 22.7 cents a ton-mile. To day, with price levels much higher, tile cost would be even greater. , While it is difficult to estimate ac l cnrately what the saving would be if all highways were improved, in the districts represented by these replies. ticularly anxious to get the peaches delivered to their sales room on the day of arrival, because of the favora ble market, only about one-third of the shipment came in by closing time, and it was noon the next day before the remainder was delivered. The long, winding trail did not end at the wholesalers’. Once un loaded, the peaches were put on dis play for the benefit of various job bers, some of whom purchased a few dozen crates and some larger amounts. Some of these men were situated within two or three squares of the wholesaler and their purchases were delivered on hand trucks. In the case of other jobbers another wagon transfer was necessary. Next in this process which eco nomists call distribution, came the retailers to look over the lots, in the end buying small quantities such as they could sell in a day or two. This, of course, necessitated another handling and carting over the city’s rough pavements. Last, but not least, came the con sumers, each buying only a small fraction of a crate and paying a big share of the expense all the handling had entailed. This instance is no exaggeration. A very large part of the foodstuffs brought to American cities goes over some such devious trail. One Wash ington, D. C., wholesale merchant has stated that he spends $20,000 a year for cartage which could be saved if the city had a wholesale terminal where cars could be un loaded directly into premises occu pied by the wholesalers. Following an investigation in New York City it was estimated, by a lacal organi zation that the saving in handling costs which would result if adequate terminal facilities were established would be $2,000,000 annually by the Borough of Richmond; $8,000,000 by Queens; $16,000,000 by the Bronx; $21,000,000 by Brooklyn, arid an even vaster sum by Manhattan. Marketing experts admit that there are many baffling aspects to the high-cost-of-living problem, but con tend that the remedy for the phase of our costly distribution syetem just described is plain. Cities which will protide modern wholesale ter minals, where shipments can be de livered from the railroad cars direct to wholesalers a few feet away, will make possible the saving of immense sums of money now charged up to the consumer. to form large clods. Clods tie up plant food so that the roots cannot use it. Watch Soil and. Plants , Do not waste cultivation. Culti vation may be actually injurious when your soil is so dry and hard as to break into large dry clods. Failure to cultivate promptly when it is needed to prevent the soil from becoming cracked, hard, or weedly will materially lessen the corn yield. In addition to watching the soil, watch the plants. Their progress de termines how you should cultivate. While the plants are small, culti vate as deeply as the condition of the soil makes necessary. »If your Seed bed was not well prepared be fore planting, deep cultivation when the corn is small is desirable. Get your soil into open condition so that the corn roots can reach out for food. After the plants become a foot high, shallow cultivation only should be given. The roots have spread out close under the surface of the soil and would be injured by deep culti vation. Never cultivate deeply close to corn plants after they are a foot high. Such cultivation will break feeding roots and cause injury to the plants'. Conserve Labor and Land Corn is the main support of the nation. Grown in every state of the union, it exceeds any other crcp in acreage, production, value, and multi plicity cf uses When land and labor were abund ant, production could be increased to meet increasing demands by plant ing more acres to corn. But the de mand for corn is still increasing while available labor is decreasing, Thi' Only way to increase production is tc make each acre yield more bushels of co, n. The average yield of corn per acre in the United States is about twenty seven bushels. With good seed,, fair soil, and timely, careful cultivation the yield can be doubled, the special ists say. That may be too much to strive lor this year, but props.' meth ods should enable you to obtain, wilh limited labor, as good yield.? as you formerly grew—unless, of nourse, you ha\ e always ■ folio wed the test cnl’.uril methods. a specific instance makes the bene fi; plain. A farmer in a southern siate had to haul a ton of barbed wire 23 miles, over unimproved roads. He found that with a two-horse team his maximum load was 500 pounds, and that three days were required to make one round trip. To haul one ton, therefore, required 12 days to make one round trip, Al lowing $6 a day for man and team, the cost was $72. After the roads in this region were improved, the same team could draw a ton to the load and make one round trip in two days, at a cost of sl2. The ton-mile cost under'old conditions was $3.18, and this cost was. reduced to 52 cents by the improved road. Roads and Wheat Marketing Take the saving in the cost of hauling wheat as another example. If the construction of narrow, single track roads with improved surface will reduce the hauling cost 5 per cent a ton-mile, and if the average yield of wheat in the vicinity of these roads is 30 bushels to the acre, there results, for an average haul of 5 miles, an economic advantage of 22.5 cents an acre or $36 a quarter sec tion. This is 4 per cent on s'9oo. Calculations of this sort have shown thousands of communities the wis dom of borrowing .money to the ex tern of $2,000 a square mile ot wheat area, so that roads could be improv ed to effect a saying on wheat haul ing equal to that cited above, and, at the same time, effect a corres ponding saving in each of the other crops. The lowering of distribution costs, it is now recognized, is one of the most important problems in reducing livins costs. While business is searching for more economical meth ods of handling goods, the farmers have not been neglecting other phases of this problem. On the prices at which he sells, all other prices must depend. Good roads, en abling him to get his products to the market at materially reduced cost, are among the big factors in more econom.cal commercial distribu tion. Send No Money Don’t miss thia chance to cut yourtire coat (.3® 50% and more. We ahid at once on up- /MB Froval. These are standard make used IQcX, RS ires, excellent condition, selected by our AZS, ml experts—rebuilt by expert workmanship. n/‘-a Can readily bo guaranteed forSOOOmiles. xy> B NOTE—These are not used sewed to- I a tether tires—Enown os double treads, i SEE THESE PRICES CO Size Tires Tubes Size Tires Tubes 1 rvfS, S 30x3 $5.50..51.60 34x4 .$ 8.75..J2.60 I XX7 i 30x314 6 .50,. 1.75 34x414. 10.00.. 3.00 i 31x314 6.75, 1.85 35x414 11.00 . 3.15 II 32x314 7.00, .2.00 36x414. 11.50 . 3.40 xSeS. i 31x4 8.00 . 2.25 35x5 12.50 . 3.50 DOC 32x4 8.25. 2.40 80x5 12.75. 3.65 fct 33x4 . 8.50.. 2.50 37x5 . 12.76,. 3,75 XX? Remember, we guarantee your V-sis sin:. 4fa perfect satisfaction. Fay only yvS sn arrival. Examine and judge for your- Vixjr—i nil self. If not satisfied—send them back at Vt/ aur expense. We will refund your money without question. Be sure to atnte size j wants!—clincher. S. S., Non-Skid, Plain. \ G EVELAND TIRE AND RUBBER CO. Ave,, Ciuc&go, j i_Ai L<;, 'Here Is the Right Feed for Your Baby Chicks to Eat The feed for baby chicks which has been used with success by the Poultry department of the North Carolina State Agricultural College, is according to Dr. B. F. Kaupp, head of this work, composed of in fertile eggs, boiled hard, rolled oats and bread crumbs. One hard-boiled egg, one teacup heaping full of breakfast rolled oats, and one heaping teacupful Os fine pulverized stale bread. Either wheat or corn bread will do. The egg contains much stimulative substance called vltamine, and great ly aids in starting the chicks off. Feed mixture for ten days to two weeks and then gradually change it to the following dry mash and grain feed; 2 parts ground oats, 2 parts corn meal, 2 parts wheat bran, 1-2 part bone meal, and 1 part meat meal. Mix well and keep in small hop pers before them at all times, and three times a dfiy feed small quan tities of small Chicken feed or fine ly cracked corn and wheat. Keep green feed and grit before ' the chicks at all times. Keep their quar ters clean, supply plenty of fresh water in clean vessels, and they should grow well on this ration. Give them milk to drink. Dr. Kaupp will be glad to furnish information on how to brood chick ens, how to operate an incubator, or to send plans of types of coops and houses, free of charge.' It’s Mostly Up to You, Mr. Farmer When your farm’s a-growin’ poorer, Or it looks that way to you, Somehow seems there’s little profit In ’most anything you do; When you start out of a springtime, To prepare your land for seed, And the tools you have to work with Are not just the kind you need; And your soil, though thin and shal low, You will sort o’ scratch it through, Such times, if you want things bet ter, Friend, it’s mostly up to you. Taint hard farming with the showers. But it’s during long dry spells, When your crops are growing yellow, That the depth of plowing tells. No, you won’t have showers alius, In the soil you’re skimming through; Still, if you want things better, Friend, it's mostly lip to you. Between 1913 and 1918 the money stocks of gold in France decreased from $1,200,- 000,000 to $G64,00Q,000. The American library system is being widely adopted In foreign lands. GUARANTEED BEST QUALITY STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS DIRECT TO YOU AT (WHOLESALE PRICES Why pay middlemen’s high prices when you can get highest grade new goods direct from us by parcel post or fest express at wholesale prices and save 60 to 75 per cent, on each purchase? No bettor goods made at any price. Front Spring (wt. 18 lbs.) $2.25 Rear Spring (wt. 42 lbs.) 7.8 S Radius Rods (wrt. 7 lbs.) 2.25 For quick action send money order and say how to ship. If by parcel poet add enough to cover postage and revenue— your postmaster will tell you exact amount. AU orders filled within two r hours after receipt. Satisfaction guar anteed. GOLDEN EAGLE GUARAN-V TEED INNER TUBES (21bs.)g=?-*° ■ Write for Money-Saving Catalogue of Auto Parts and Accessories. jfiOLDEN EAGLE BUGGY CO. 202 Golden Eagle Building ATLANTA. GA. Makers of tho famous Golden Bagle Bnggies -* write for new catalog ■■■■BHRMaBBRMBBMBNRattMRBMBan E* l ’ Mink and Muskrats I .JsTf*!! O' I nil. In large numbers, with the X kOkty N(JW Folding. Galvanized n»!■ SteelWira Net Catches tkem like a fly-trap catches flies. Made in all sizes. Write for Price Liat, and Free Booklet on best bait evev discovered for attracting all kinds of fish. Agents wanted, WALTON SUPPLY CO. R. 22. St-Louu.BAa» Side dress your Cotton with GERMAN POTASH KAINIT 20 per cent MANURE SALT and NITRATE OF SODA 100 pounds of Manure Salt go as far as 160 pounds of Kainit and have the same effect as a plant food and plant disease preventive— Neither one will injure your crop. For prices write nearest Office of Nitrate Agencies Company New York Norfolk Savannah Jacksonville New Orleans Houston. Tex. Stocks at other leading Atlantic and Gulf Ports BARNESVILLE PRIDES AND BEAUTIESIi dixsct mom factobv to you. We make what you want—a quality buggy—and we sell it the right way— direct to you. Our buggies have that style, elegance, strength and dura bility which insures satisfaction. They are the choice ot thousands Any Barnesville Pride or Beauty Buggy will be shipped upon deposit ot SIO.OO, safe delivery guaranteed and subject to our 60 days' driving trial. Wt guarantee our Pride AA-Grade buggies for all times agains’ defects in material or workmanship. Open Buggies S7B up. Top Buggies $89.90 up. Harness $15.75 up Write foi catalog of out complete line and factors orices. B. W. MIDDLEBROOKS BUGGY CO. SO Main St., BARNESVILLE GEORGIA OTTAWA FNGINES ij, .ster Built —I'e okcue, 1 Easy to start—easy to oporato. Fewer parts to adjust, l.’s's less fuel. I.owest price for highest quality s MB engine. Reliable, even power always nt any minute. - Each size 20% to 50% surplus power. Use cheai>. . esf I"’' 1 without making any changes on engine. Zy L'tmost durability. Very latest design. More sizes to choose from—2, 3,4, 5,6, 7,8, , !-• 16 Hid 22 horse-power. ■ cvrr.as’jsyK —cash or easy terms, Thou- Y ‘ sands of shopmen mid farmers in every section of America prefer IW the OTTAWA Engine because it deliveis lowest cost (tower. GEO. E. LONG, Pres. 4'7 ‘J '' A Book Free I™ JI; 7 :ISKSL it. Gives pres'uit prices and 18-year guar- I nntec. Write today. J. '' T | ZSfff. 00., CC-lJZinff St,, O’-.tr.vza. Kanc. 6,000 MILES \ Less than Half Price /W&ASEND NO MONEY II Hereistheabßolutellmltintire I 1E offers—never before such won- I IH derful values I Pay only when RwT I l§ convinced. Used standard B makes rebuilt by our own ex- RgCX IB ports to (riye 6.000 miles—or 10 more. No comparison with . I B double tread tires which are I s sewed. Eb f /Lowest Prices Delivery Size Tires Tubes Size Tires Tubes \\ £l7 30x3 $ 6.45 $1.75 32x4k; $12.25 $2-70 n&L. \\/3f7 30x3K 7.25 1.95 33x4% 12.50 2.85 ,82x312 8.75 2.15 34x4K 12.90 3.00 XjKf 7 V 731x4 9.45 2.25 35x414 13.25 8.15 KTi V—y 32x4 9.90 2,40 36x414 13.90 3.40 33x4 11.25 2.50 35x5 14.90 3.60 34x4 11.90 2.60 37x5 16.90 3.75 Y Send your order today while we have » big stock on hand and can ship same day order is received. Send no money with order, just your name and address and size tire desired, whether clincher or straight side. MITCHELL TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY 115 E. 39th Street Dept. IGS Clilcago HOWTO RAISE BABYCHICKS Put Avicol in the drinking water. Most people lose half of every hatch, and seem to expect it. Chick cholera or white diarrhoea is the trouble. The U. S. Government states that i over half tha chicks hatched die from this cause. • An Avicol tablet, placed in the drinking < * X •. water, will positively 3* Jp save your little chicks from all such diseases. Inside of 48 hours tife sick ones will be as lively as crickets. Avicol keeps them healthy and makes them grow and develop. Mrs. Vannie Thackery, R.. F. D. 3, St. Parig, 0., writes. ‘‘l had 90 chicks and they all died but 32. Then I commenced on Avicol and haven’t lost any since. They have grown wonderfully It costs nothing to try Avicol. If you don’t find that It prevents and promptly cures white diarrhoea, chick cholera and all bowel diseases of poultry,.tell us and your money will l? a refunded by return mall. Avicol is sold by most druggists and poultry remedy dealers, or you can send 25c or 50c today for a package bv mail postpaid. Burrell-Dugger Co., ize Columbia Bldg.. Indianapolis, Ind. mg Government Shoes $2.90 JHf We have purchased direct from the Gov eminent 20,000 pairs of GENUINE RUS SET ARMY SHOES, which we are repair ing with oak leather. This is the Ideal WORK SHOE for the farmer or stockman. Easily worth $12.00 wearing value. Many of these shoes have been tepaired in Government repair shops.. Our price $2.90. Send SI.OO, giving size desired and we will ship the shoes, balance on delivery. All sizes frjm 5 to 11. NOTE: Men’s sizes 5, ohj, 6, are just the shoes for the boy’s vacation. Special price on these sizes $2.79. Kingsley Tire & Shoe Shop 3550 Cottage Strove Ave., Chicago, 111. N 6 Money \ Positively greatest tire offer VvA \ ever made! Sensational valuo MctT If WA I aweepcawayall competition ii ÜbA ■ miles—ot- more— from // iWa 1 ourspeciai reconstruction proc / I ’1 css double tread standard tires j |Bl | —practically puncture proof. ||| Low Prices JHrx. I I ifhze Tires Tubes Size Tires Tubes I 1 128x3 $ 5.95 $1.50 34x4 $10.95 $2.85 I 1/30x3 6.25 1.70 33x414 11.15 2.95 I 1130x314 6.96 1.95 34x4)4 11.45 8.10 'Ba/ I £132x3)4 7.85 2.15 36x4’4 12.85 8.25 >®6S l 885 2.45 36x414 13.00 8.85 SMC » ligS2x4 9.95 2.65 35x5 13.45 8.45 Kellner FUEE V*/j / with each tire vwE7 Send your order today—-sure yNK y XZijr —whilethese lowest prices last. State size,also whetherstraight sideorclineher. Remember,you need send no money, just your name and addrees. and tire with free reliner, will be shipped same day. MORTON TIRE & RUBBER CO. 8901 Michigan Ava., Dept. 358 Chicago. 111. 7