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6 Fight to the Finish; Growing of Cotton Is to Be Much More Expensive Hie speculative interests in the cotton market are driving down the price of cotton in the future contract market daily. October futures are already far below the actual cost of producing a pound of cotton in 1920. A careful Investigation of the cost of producing cotton in 1919 was fixed at 38 cents per pound, at the annual convention of the American CattOTi association, held at Mont gomery, Ala., April 13-16, 1920. ' It cannot be denied by anyone familiar with the situation tl\at the cost of growing cotton in 1920 will be very much more expensive than the farmers had to incur in the 1919 crop. The fact that there has been some improvement in crop con ditions during the ijast month, as compared with the lowest condition report ever known in the history of cotton production for the month of May. appears to be the hammer which the “bears” are using to drive down the market around the ring in the exchanges. The association fs reliably informed, through its chan nels of investigation, that the spin ners are placing their orders for fall purchases of spot cotton at a pre mium to the cotton merchants of 500 points above the contract mar ket. This is a guarantee of twenty five dollars per bale to the cotton buyers if the prices can be held dow/i and deliveries made as con templated. Exchange Methods Vicious The whole system of marketing the cotton crop through the medium of the cotton exchanges is vicious, and has proven disastrous to the cotton growers for the past thirty years. The whole system of marketing a twelve months’ supply of spot cotton in three or four months, which cannot possibly be consumed in less than twelve months, is what has given power to 10? SK3 H 2~ think of it—twostand- ) B M make tires—praetic- retail east es onal The one bin ehanceof the year to lay in a blgr supply. Thousands of cus tomers are getting full tire mileage because tires were slightly used on demonstration cars only You can get 12000 MULES out of these tires too. Don' t delay—the sup ply won’t last long at these bargain prices— mail your order at onea. See special bargain list here: New Ngw Sirs 1 Tin t Tim Tube Sin 1 Tire t Tiru Tu»j 80x3 .87.55 J 11.30 »1.76 32x454 812.75 819 10 83.30 30x3)4 8 85 13 30 2.05 33x414 14.05 21.10 3.40 32x3)410 20 16.30 2.26 34x4 >4 15.80 23.70 3.50 31x4 11.00 16.50 275 35x4)4 16.35 24.50 3.75 32x4 13.25 19.90 305 36x454 16.76 25.10 885 33x4 13.80 20.70 8.25 35x5 16.85 25.30 4.00 34x4 14.85 22.30 8.25 87x5 17.25 25.90 4.00 State stae plainly whether 8. S. Clincher, non-ekid nr smooth tread Send depoait for each two tires ordered, baiunau CO. D after examination Special discount of 6 per cent if full iJ'J n i amount accompanies order, /ry* Order TODAY! Eureka Tiro & k Rubber Co. HL. JL * 1243 Michigan soi CUc<so Rub-My-Tism is a powerful antiseptic; it kills the poison caused from infected cuts, cures old sores, tetter, etc.— (Advt.) Jfcioucycle Bargams\B | All makes, singles or twins - f Every machine expertly rebuilt. s tested, guaranteed in perfect • shape. Send 2c for “Spring f Bulletin" of rebuilt motorcycles /m|3lk77W : Saves you half. I ; THE WESTERN SUPPLIES CO / ■ 3C6 Hayutln Bldg., Denver. Colo. I |£|| Raf, Weevil, Fire, <[ |gi=g | j;g Water and Thief Proof. !> -3B£^*~~~—-»$ !? ij ~" The enormous loss in grain from Rats, 4 ► <w~ -‘ffisl Weevil, exposure, etc., may now be saved < by using a Dixie Corn Crib— a Crib con- «* BHHh s,ruc,e< ’ genuine American Ingot Iron % ,KntiOTr»Tw | ”' on scientific principles—and installed at I very little cost. Lasts a life-time. % < » Corrugated construction—tight strong and’ rigid. Perfect ventilating 1 ► < b y s eni a j can be made air-tight for fumigating purposes. iMade in four , ) 4 r sizes and we pay the freight. Easily erected in a few hours. Will pay < > < k /.”\ ,tse *' . In a s *ngle season. The most perfect and satisfactory Corn Jp 4 r Crib ever invented. ’ 3 < ) Write for Bulletin No. IQ3 !} < > Giving Full Details and Prices 1 ► i I Dixie Culvert & Metal Co., | j; Jacksonville ATLANTA Littfc Rock | KFiyi as •! Ji? iffi 0 nil TB*jv » A X?,?4 nr o3 j“Thc more I see of your roofinc (My “ Xg3 m i rats J'S vlO I SwlU A_SQHABS__J Roofing), the better I like it. And I M3n v~S believe it is equal, if not better, than roofing sold « herein Atlanta at EightDollars(sß.oo) a square'* •= T&gJsTl-Jfl J7fl fj —JaTsT’a. —writes Mr. D. R. Mathews, of Atlanta. Ga. » xggj tw I j| i ~ws H We sell “Everwcar” Roofinc at $4.97 per a II *l l° i ™<n 1 IsEUi square—freight paid—so he saved $3.03 per H HOW square and cot better roofing. LAnLloLc “ shown on house, or plain u on barn. 3 i I *I am pleased and last over 20 years. Five times ns s satisfied,” writes long as moat wood shingles. Mr. M. Carlisle, Sr., »»• FREE SAMPLES I Get your i of Cleola, Ga. My TO TEST I roofins g bam is 30x40, which * ' now.Whito made a nice bam. Hadno trouble in putting Roofing NB ffe.tl nddreea on a postal fa on. I saved $20.00 by ordering brines Big Free Ssm. FJ from you.” Ag Asßia?h pt r » ami Roctins * : FIREPROOF— I "Everweaf Roof- »X “Tfi „fe 9m®>. Cook ‘ { i CAN’T RINT I fa* b Fireproof. Can*t rust. Easy to nail on. Can be used on new buildings or nailed rijht over old wood shinirles-quick and easy. Comes in big. wide pieces. Galvanized Nails, Roof ins w W r Hammer and Metal Cuttinf Shears r. yvK' Vi-TbV furnished with every order, large PWK orcmall. | BUILDING, IOUR 30 DAY OFFER IWe sell direct to you. pay the RAVF3 YOU MONEY prclght and ship quick. Be your H own merchant nnd keep in your 9 own pocket the profit the dealer would get. WRITE TODAY Bl Cf 21 W ffiarKggk 9 for Free Address h SAVANNAH FENCE & ROOFING CO. Dept- J Savannah. Ga. i /-•« , -3 --" 7 iS! til l|i THE ATLANTA TRI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, s the exchanges dealing in future con s tracts, and which has been fatal to _ the growers. ■ Why should the exchanges deal i only with spot cotton and not the ■ manufactured product? Why pqt up a blackboard and get into a ring and 1 establish a system of manipulating the price of raw cotton by gamblers . as well as sjjot dealers, when the manufacturers market the finished 1 fabric through the legitimate chan > nels of trade?* 1 The Louisiana lot tery which was abolished by federal law many years ago, was about as safe to the average Individual who patronized its system, as the grow ing of cotton to the average farmer under existing methods of specula ! tion employed to regulate the price of cotton. To say that the cotton crop cannot be Ifandled and market ed without the present methods em ' ployed by the cotton exchanges, is to admit that the southern people are incapable of marketing cotton systematically or intelligently in accordance with the legitimate laws of supply and demand. The New York cotton exchange has ceased to function for the dellvery-of spot cot ton on futures contracts and openly admits that its mission is only that of a herge exchange, yet it contin ues to exercise a powerful control over the spot market. Shall the New York cotton ex change with its system of hedge manipulations dominate the spot cotton market in the south, and those who depend upon its price for their prosperity, control the mar keting? The fight to the finish is on and we might just as well pre pare for it while the time is yet available. Warehouses the Solution The strongest and most effective bulwark of safety against the de pressing influence’s of speculation in the spot cotton market is the local bonded cotton warehouse. Without the facilities of these iocal ware houses the growers are largely help less and at the mercy of the organ ized cotton trade. With ‘cotton stored in the local bonded ware house, graded and stapled by ex pert licensed graders, the growers will have in their possession a re ceipt which they can readily finance and hold the cotton until the spin l ners call for the staple at a price to represent its real intrinsic value. I The cost of building these ware i houses is negligible compared to the I enormous returns to the, growers in being able to save the fibre from damage, and in stabilizing prices up on a profitable basis above the act ual cost of production. Every busi ness in the south should give every possible encouragement to the prompt construction of these .county ware houses. The prosperity of the whole south is wrapped up in a bale of cot ton as it comes upon the local mar kets of the country. It, therefore, becomes the duty of the whole people to render every possible aid to the growers in pro viding such safe and sound busi ness facilities as well enable them to secure the full value of the staple based upon the legitimate laws of supply and demand. The local ware house is the first big link to be lorged in the economic reforms in handling and marketing the crop by the growers, which is being so in tensely advocated by the American Cotton association. We urge the fullest degree of in fluence and effort on the part of the entire mefnbership of the asso ciation throughout the entire cotton area of the United States, to push forward in every possible way con struction of these local county ware houses during the next ninety days. The time is short. The situation is critical. Hundreds of millions of dollars will be lost to the farmers next fall in the marketing of their cotton if prompt and effective step.-: are not taken during the summer in providing a method of defense and safety against the merciless influ ences of speculation and the power 'of the organized cotton trade in this country and England. Full information on plans, speci fications and <3pst of warehouse con struction can b’e secured by writing I to the American Cotton association, Atlanta, Georgia. Yours very truly, HARVIE JORDAN, Secretary, American Cotton Associa tion. While it is difficult to change long established customs, the practice of using cottonseed meal as a direct fertilizer should be stopped. AVOID WASTE IN THRASHING; MUCH WHEAT CAN BE SAVED Probably the most important indi rect means for increasing production is the avoidance of waste. This should be borne in mind with regard to wheat at thrashing time. This operation should be conducted with the greatest care, and measures should be taken to see that as little grain as possible is lost or* allowed to escape through faulty operation of the machines or unwise methoik of thrashing. This year there is a particular necessity of a more care ful handling of grain in the fields and in thrashing to increase the production. » Observations made by specialists of the United States Department of Agriculture show that a surprising amount of wheat is wasted in the thrashing operation. In Nofth Da kota, for instance, the average waste a day on about 26 per cent of the rigs in operation was 14.63 bush els for each rig. After testing the machine and making adjustments this loss was cut down to 4.03 bush els a day, or a saving of 10.60 buisji- Tsls, with a total saving of 1,600,000 bushels in the entire state for the season. More Than 21,900,000 Bushels Saved In South Dakota the testing and readjustment of the machines ef fected a saving of 13.13 bushels a day on 18 per cent of the machines tested, or 1,500,000 bushels for the state. In Montana, through proper adjustment of the machines and avoidance of waste, the saving on 15 per cent of the rigs was 706,925 bushels for the season; and in Min nesota, on 32 per cent of the rigs, 1,000,000 bushels. The estimated to tal saving for 21 states in which the work was carried on. was 21,- 903.600 bushels. This movement should interest both thrashermcn and farmers. The thrasherman by means of the tests is better able to check up the Work being done by his machine and can turn more grain a das’-, which means more money both to himself and to the farmer. After the faults of the machine are once located and cor rected it is an easy matter to check up occasionally and keep the ma chine running with the least wasre. The farmer can save a great d<j#l of grain by the following methods- Raking the shock rows; using tight bottom bundle wagons for shock thrashing; by a careful and thor ough clean-up around the machine and the use of a. large canvas spread on the ground under the feeder to catch the grain which shatters out in the process of feeding and that which leaks out around the front end of the machine. As to raking the scattering along the shock rows, In Wisconsin one field of 22 acres gav& a yield of 135 bushels, In Oklahoma 90 acres gave 110 bushels In one case and another 70 acres gave 55 bushels. Oklahoma reported a sav ing of 5.063 bushels for the rak ing of scatterings on 144 farms. Kan sas reported a saving of 1 1-2 bush els an acre, and Illinois one-half bushel an acre. Tight Ecttom Wagons Prevent Waste The use of tight-bottom bundle wagons in North Dakota saved be- LIGHTEN PERIODIC CLEANING BY DAILY CARE OF CARPETS Changed living conditions have I brought changes in house-cleaning! completely heated, and parts ofl methods. When houses were less? them were closed during the cold I months, spring house-cleaning was 1 necessary to get the closed rooms ready for use during the. warm months, and fall hause-cleaning was necessary to prepare the house for winter. Nowadays, all the rooms in most houses are used and kept clean throughout the year, and upheavals In spring and fall are no longer necessary. Moreover , the increasing use of removable rugs and some of the new cleaning devices make it much easier to take the dirt out day by day or week by week. Not all housekeepers realize how much the work of keeping things clean can he lessened by choosing the right things and handling them in the right way. This is not merely a matter of la bor-saving devices like vacuum clean ers, but depends partly on how the house is planned, what furnishings and finishings are used, and hotv the i work of caring for them is organized. Daily Care of Carpets. For the daily care' of woolen or cotton carpets and rugs, a carpet sweeper is very good, because it takes up lint and coarse dirt with out raising dust. For more thorough cleaning some other appliance' must be used, as the brushes of the carpet sweeper do not go deep enough into the carpet to remove fine dirt. A vacuum cleaner is excellent, but if that is not available, effort should be made to find some other thorough but comparatively dustless process. Using a dampened broom and scat tering left-over tea leaves, its of rumpled, dampened newspaper, or one of the commercial sweeping prep arations on the carpet before sweep ing, helps to prevent dust from fly ing. These dampened materials must be used with caution, however, or stains will result, especially on deli cately colored carpets. Wiping a car pet with a dampened cloth after sweeping removes more dust and freshens the carpet. Small rugs should be cleaned out of doors, if possible, preferably on Grades for Potatoes and Onions, ‘And the Proper Distribution Proper distribution of farm prod uts requires, first of all, that a com mon understanding exist as the basis of negotiations between producers and purchasers. The bureau of mar kets, United States department of agriculture, is endeavoring to bring this about by the recommendation of grades for fruits and vegetables. No. 2 potatoes should be No. 2 po tatoes throughout the United States, and not, as at present. No. 2 potatoes in one section of the country and No. 1 somewhere else. During the war period the United States food administration required licensed dealers to use government potato grades. The results were so satisfactory that when the regu lation was canceled the use o£ grades to a large extent was con tinued voluntarily. In fact, since that time a higher grade has been demanded to provide produce of high est quality. Therefore, the bureau of markets now recommends United States grade fancy in addition to grades No. 1 and No. 2. Grade fancy consists of sound po tatoes of one variety which are ma ture, bright, smooth, well shaped, free from dirt or other foreign mat ter, frost injury, sunburn, second growth, growth cracks, cuts, scab. Urge Better Protection of Cotton; Warehouses Are Needed for Farmers What would you say if you saw a man deliberately destroy $70,000.- 000 worth of clothing by placing it in a rainstorm? No one has done precisely that, but what has actual ly occurred Is no less wasteful than that act would be. Specialists of the Bureau of Mar kets, United States department of agriculture, conservatively estimate that during the past year cotton growers of the United States suffer ed a $70,000,000 cotton loss through damage to cotton by exposure to weather. They say that, after gin ning, cotton is permitted to remain in the weather for months at a time instead of bein gproperly sheltered, and that although cotton is one of the hardiest of far mproducts, its strength is not sufficient to with stand such exposure to the elements. The bureau of markets maintains that the amount of money lost throug hthis cause in a single sea son would probably be sufficient to build the warehouses needed, and that after the first year these ware houses would become practically surplus assets in th e hands of the farmers. It advocates also the con struction of such warehouses upon tween 600 and 800 bushels in thrash ing 2,000 acres. In Wisconsin it is estimated that 280,000 bushels were saved by tight-bottom wagons. The idea of using the canvas on the ground under the feeder not only saves grain but saves time on the clean-up, and should certainly be considered by troth thrashermen and farmers. A very definite notion of the amount of grain wasted about the rig may be had from making a so called blanket test. This consists of spreading a sheet of canvas or other suitable cloth about 18 by 24 feet in area convenient to the stack er of the thrashing machine. A man is stationed on the top of the machine near the weighing device. Immediately after a trip of the weigher, drop the hood, so that all the straw, etc., passes on to the sheet. Allow the straw to deposit there until the weighing device trips five complete times, in dicating that the machine has thrashed 2 1-2 bushels. Use a fork to winnow off the straw from the canvas, shaking as much as possi ble for any wheat that may be in it. This leaves a mass of small particles of straw and chaff and wheat on the sheet. Use the screen to sift off the small particles of straw and put through a fanning mill to blow out the chaff, leaving the quantity of wheat that has been wasted. Measure this in pint measure. One pint gleaned in this operation might be considered unavoidable- waste; 2 pints, poor operation, to be correct ed at the earliest opportunity; and 3 pints or more, -wasteful practice and the machine closed down until improvement is obtained. Watch Machine Closely In the middle west, where more moisture prevails, the adjustment of the machine should be watched closely throughout the day. In the morning the grain is apt to be moist and not easily shelled. If the ma chine is adjusted to overcome this condition, it should be readjusted in the afternoon to provide for the dryer condition of the grain. If not so adjusted to meet the changing condition, grain will be wasted. Thrashing is looked upon gener ally as a very distasteful operation. This fact Is to blame for waste in many instances. The. farmer is anxious to have it over with and speeds up the work as much as pos sible. Haste makes waste in thrash ing in many ways. Care should be taken in pitching from the wagon. If the machine is fed too fast or care lessly, it cannot function properly. Probably more grain is wasted from failure to clean up at the end of a setting than from any other single cause. Just as much care should be taken in cleaning up all the unthrashed straw and and loose grain that has accumulated around the machine as has been taken with the rest of the job. Even with the best of care, a considerable amount of unthrashed straw will accumulate .’round the feeder in’ the coin’se of (he day’s work. If the straw is very dry, much grain will shatter from (he heads as it is being pitched from the wagons or stacks onto the feeder. the dry grass or dry snow. They shpuld be placed aright side down, beaten with a fiat carpet beater, *swept, turned over, and swept again. Hanging rugs over a line while they he being cleaned, or holding them by the corners and shaking them, strains them badly; it may break the threads or loosen the bindings and cause the ends to ravel. Using Soap and Water on Bugs Practically all rugs, after thorough beating, may be cleaned with soap and water. Rag rugs may be wash like any other heavy material but must be rinsed thoroughly. Sometirpes it is easier to rinse a heavy, wet rug with a hose than in a tub. Other rugs can be placed on a table and scrubbed with a brush and mild soap suds. As each sec tion is cleaned, it should be rinsed thorughly and the water should be changed as it becomes discolored. Rugs washed by this method are clean, but they may shrink and lose their shape and the colors may fade and run. Oriental rugs with very long, thick pile should not be thus cleaned unles they can be dried quickly and thoroughly; if moisture remains in the depth of the pile it may rot the threads, United States, department of agriculture household specialists suggest. Fine smooth mattings should be swept with a soft brush and dusted with a dry mop, or if necessary they may be washed with a cloth tighly wrung out of warm water, and wiped dry with another cloth. All grass and fiber floor coverings should be taken up occasionally to remove the dirt which sifts through in spite of frequent cleaning. For the daily care of linoleum, oilcloth, or cork carpeting, an oiled mop or soft brush may be used. When very dirty, they may be wash ed with warm water and mild soap, rijised, and wiped dry. Only,a small space should be wet at a time, and wiped dry. Only a small space should be wet at a time, and cars should be taken to prevent the wa ter from getting underneath. Scrub bing linoleum or using strong soap or alkalis or too much water on it will ruin it in a short time. blight, soft rot, dry rot and damage caused by disease, insects or me chanical or other means. The range in size shall be stated in terms of minimum and maximum diameter or weight following the grade name, but in no case shall the diameter be less than two inches. In order to allow for variations in cident to commercial grading and handling, 5 per cent by weight of any lot may vary from the range in size stated, and, in addition, 3 per cent by weight of any such lot may be below the remaining requirements of this grade, but not more than one third of such 3 per cent; that Is to say, not more than 1 per cent by weight of the entire lot may have the flesh injured by soft rot. Complete particulars regarding United States potato grades are con tained in Department Circular 96 which will be mailed free upon re quest to the bureau of markets. The bureau of markets also recom mends grades as a standard for grad ing and marketing Bermuda onions in the United States. These grades are the result of an investigation by the bureau covering a period of four years. Full information regard ing them is contained in Department Circular, 97, which will also be sent free upon request to the bureau of markets. a co-operative basis, if necessary, and is prepared to advise those inter ested in undertaking such projects. It is also pointed out that receipts covering cotton stored in properly operated warehouses are accepted generally as collateral for loans, the interest charges for which are more than paid for by the profits accruing to the farmer through his ability to sell his cotton as it is needed by the mills. The first step in the solution of present marketing problems is in the collection and dissemination of specific and definite information to the interested public. The producer must know trade practices and mar ket conditions in order to be more able for his products. Regulatory laws, of course, are necessary, but if the buyer or seller does not know the provisions of the law they may not. and quite likely will not. be able to take advantage of the protection the laws afford him. This is a field where, in the immediate future, the marketing specialist, the man who has a wide knowledge of trade prac tices and conditions, can be of great service. Thrashing Machine Must Be Kept In God Repair and Used Properly Any standard make of thrashing machine is capable of doing satisfac tory work if kept in good repair and operated intelligently, according to specialists of the United States De partment of Agriculture. Clean grain and small losses depend more than anything else upon’ the skill and judgment of the operator. Here are a few rules the wheat thrasher should observe carefully: Study the instruction book sent you by the manufacturer and follow the suggestions closely. See that the separator is set level crosswise and lengthwise. The speed of the cylinder teeth is approximately 6,000 feet a minute. This may be modified slightly up or down in different machines and with different grains. In general the rule is correct. Greater part of the separation is done in the cylinder and Immediate- BAD PACKING AND SHIPPING CAUSE MUCH WASTE OF FOOD In the photographic files of the bureau of markets, United States department of agriculture, are manv sets of pictures which tell a story of blasted hopes—a story of unnum bered growers of fruits and vege tables who have toiled early and late through the rains of the spring and the heat of the summer, only to meet with disappointment at the end of their labors, because, after doing all else well, they failed in one great essential—the method of handling their product after it matured. The photographs in those files, taken at numerous railway terminals, show quantities of celery, onions, pota toes, lettuce, apples, peaches, egg plant, and many other perishable products, mutilated or decayed be cause somebody failed to do his job of picking, packing, loading, or re frigerating properly. The lesson is all very plain when on e looks at these photographs and it is not difficult to picture the dis appointment and loss of the growers and shippers represented. But it is by no means a simple lesson. Until one becomes familiar with his own special line the problem of proper handling of perishable fruits and vegetables appears very complex and confusing, so many are the details to be learned. Nowadays much of the grower’s produce is shipped long dis tances, and if a full reward for the season’s work is to be reaped he must learn the special requirements for his particular product on the par ticular journey that it is to take Each item in the whole list of prod ucts has its peculiarities which must be reckoned with when it comes to marketing. The manner of picking, the size and shape of the crate or other container to be used, the full ness of the pack, the amount of pre cooling, if any, the kind of freight car to be used, how many tiers can be loaded in the car—these and numerous qther items have to be de termined. Useless Sacrifices of Food The bureau of markets photo graphs and the reports from the bu reau food inspectors at various im portant terminals indicate that a large number of shippers who have been “in the game” for years persist in practices that aro costing them dearly. A few seasons ago careless loading of western apples caused an average breakage of 59 boxes per car in shipments to New York city, and experienced commission men in northern cities estimated that 10 per cent of the oranges shipped from Florida decayed before reaching the consumer. In 1918 the annual pro duction of cantaloupes in the south western states was estimated at 4,- 600,000 standard crates of 45 melons each, and investigations showed that more than one-tenth of these melons reached the consumers so green as to be practically valueless for food. Women Make Own Dress.' Forms at Home Cheaply Every woman who makes garments for herself longs for. a dress form, if she does not already possess one, and. if she does, she regards it as one of the most necessary pieces of sewing equipment that she has. It is very difficult to fit oneself. When the arms are moved to change a pin or a basting which needs adjusting, the fit of the whole garment is changed, and the fitter does not know where the right place is for the seam or the trimming. A dress form or Betty, as it is often called, does away with this difficulty! but because of the expense of the commercial ones few women in the past have felt they could af ford to own one. Garment-making clubs are among the most popular of the many organiz ed by the home demonstration agents who are sent out by the United States department of agriculture, their members are learning easier and better ways of dressmaking. The extension* workers soon discov ered that the farm woman who at tempts to do part or all of her own sewing—and the majority of them do —encounters the most difficulty in fitting the garments and adjusting the trimming. What she needs is a dress form, and since dress forms are beyond the means of the larger num ber. the home demonstration agents had to set their wits to work and In vent a homemade substitute. Kinds of Dress Forms Today thousands of these home made dress .forms are in use in the rural and small town homes of this country. In Merrimac County, New Hampshire, 17 communities have been organized, or have organized themselves, for the purpose of mak ing dress forms. This means that the majority of women in that coun ty will have one of these conven iences. Fertile Eggs Spoil Quickly; Get Rid of the Roosters Fifteen million dollars is a lot of money, but that is the amount that the United States department of ag riculture estimates farmers lose ev ery year through bad methods of producing eggs. This loss is due to the partial hatching of fertile eggs which have been allowed to’ become warm enough to incubate. It is a preventable loss and, if cheeked, will add dollars to the poultry flock prof its. The remedy is simple—have the flock produce infertile eggs, after the hatching season is over. An Infertile egg is one laid by a hen that has not been allowed to run with a male bird. After the male bird has been removed from the hens, two weeks is ordinarily long enough to assure the laying of infertile eggs. Contrary to the general impression, the male bird in a flock has no influ ence on the number of eggs the hens will lay. The rooster merely fer tilizes the germ of the egg. This is not necessary, or even desirable, when the eggs are to be used for ta ble purposes, or are to be sent to market. Infertile eggs will keep in good condition in temperatures where fer tile eggs will not. It is impossible Pick Well-Drained Spot For the Poultry House Poultry can be raised successfully on any well-drained soil. A light loam which will grow good grass is well adapted for this purpose, while a very light sandy soil through which the water leaches freely will stand more intensive poultry conditions, but most of the green feed for the fowls kept on such a soil wil have to be purchased. A heavy clay or adobe soil is not well adapted to poultry raising, as such land does not drain readily, and it is much more difficult to keep the stock healthy, poultry specialists on the government poultry farm have found. Long stationary houses, or the intensive system, saves steps, but it is easier to keep the birds healthy and to reproduce the stock under the colony system, where the birds are ly after the grain passes through it. Use as few concave teeth as neces sary to thrash all the grain from the head. Two rows of teeth set high are better than four rows set low. Grates give the best separation when set as high as possible. The make-up of the tailings de termines the character of the work done by the sieves. An unskilled hand feeder or a reck less pitcher with a self-feeder will cause any machine to do poor work. The bundles should be fed heads first and straight. It is important that the feed be steady and in continuous stream. Do not crowd one moment and let run empty the next. Damp, tough straw cannot be fed as fast as dry straw. On a mechanical feeder see that the governor is set and working properly. The mistakes which the western cantaloupe growers and shippers made illustrate the problems with which the producers have to deal. Many did not realize that to insure desirable eating and keeping quality, the cantaloupes destined for long distance shipment should be picked just about the time at which they will slip cleanly from the stem, or slightly before this stage is reached. It was found also that the common practices in handling the fruit were unnecessarily rough and that instead of allowing considerable time to elapse between picking and loading into iced refrigerator cars, they should have been loaded as soon as the wrapping of cantaloupes was un desirable because the wrappers re tarded the cooling and often caused the cantaloupes to become moldy after they were removed from»the re frigerator cars. Why StrawbeiTles Decay. Strawberries may be cited* as an other example. The most successful shippers, including some in the Ozarks, who send their product sev eral hundred miles, have learned from experience and through investiga tions carried on by the federal bu reau of markets experts and others, that quick cooling after harvesting is an essential in the proper ship ment of this fruit. The chief straw berry decay is one that develops very rapidly under favorable tempera tures, and the fungus which causes it gains a foothold in bruised fruit. Therefore, poorly handled berr<s', even if shipped in properly refrig erated cars, will soon decay after be ing removed from the iced car. This is a point of which importance to the shipper, for a large number of small dealers have no facilities for keeping their stocks of fruit cool. Problems for Celery Shippers. There are problems also for ship pers of lettuce and celery. It has been found, for example, that head lettuce cut so as to eliminate the lower two* or three leaves and de prived of all diseased leaves, de velops far less decay in transit than that handled in the manner followed by many shippers. Celery is often injured because it is loaded too high in the car to permit proper circula tion of air. The United States Department of Agriculture has given much time to the study of right and wrong meth ods of picking, packing and loading fruits and vegetables, and if a Ship per is in doubt, or finds that his produce is not reaching its destina tion in good condition, he should write for information, stating his case clearly. Inquiries should be ad dressed to the bureau of markets, United States Department of Agri culture, Washington, D. C. At present four kinds of dress forms are used. The first is the most expensive, and is made with a commercial dress form and a lining to fit all the lines of the wearer’s figure. The lining is adjusted over the dress form, and stuffing is put in between the lining and the form un til the lining is tightly filled. Another variety is made by stuff ing a tfcht-fitting lining with excel sior, cotton, or some like substance. This is not as satisfactory as it might be, for great care must be exercised to give the dress form the right lines and it loses its shape more or less rapidly. A third method is to cover a tight fitting lining, while it Is on its own er, wth plaster of. Paris; this is al lowed to harden, and the whole is then carefully removed. The lining should have an opening down the front. Stuffinfi Is then put in until it is. firm. The most satisfactory homemade Betties, however, are made with gummed paper. This variety costs less than a dollar, and is said to give as good satisfaction as one whicvh brings S2O across a counter. They are made by pasting two thicknesses of gummed manilia sealing paper on a tight-fitting undervest while on the prospective owner’s figure. When the gum has dried, the jacket is remov ed by slitting down the back and front. These halves are then put to gether again with gummed paper. The general effect is that of a heavy paper-mache form. One of the best features of a homemade Betty is that it is an exact duplication of the woman’s own form. The dress form means a real sav ing in money as well as time and pa tience to every woman whether she is making new clothes or making over old ones. to cause a blood ring to form in an infertile egg, or to hatch one. As soon as the hatching season is over, or enough eggs for hatching purposes have been laid, the roostet should be penned, cooked, or sold. The hens not running with a male bird will then produce infertile eggs —the kind that commands the best prices. The fertile egg is the one from which a‘chick may be hatched. It spoils very quickly when handled by the ordinary farm methods, and when marketed in the hot summer months. Summer heat spoils a fertile egg as quickly as a sitting hen or an incu bator. Occasionally hens running .with male birds will lay infertile eggs. This is often the case with birds that do not have green feed, {hat are overfat, or that are confined in yards and runs; but for all the flock to produce infertile eggs for a stated period, it is necessary to remove the rooster. Heat is a great enemy of eggs, both fertile and infertile. For this reason they should be kept in a cool, dry room or cellar until they are marketed—at most not more than three days. allowed free range. Breeding stock, and especially growing chickens, should have an abundance of range, while hens used solely for the pro duction of market eggs may be kept on a very small area with good re sults. The colony house system necessi tates placing the houses, holding about 100 hens, from 200 to 250 feet apart, so that the stock will not kill the grass. The colony system may be adapted to severe winter condi tions by drawing the colony houses together in a convenient place at the beginning of winter, thus reducing the labor during these months. The first assurance society in the United States in 1759 was designed for the relief of the widows and or phan s of deceased clergymen. The fastest trip across the Atlantic was made by the Mauretania in 1910, in 4 days, 10 hours, 48 minutes. THURSDAY, JULY 8, 1920. THE PRESENT C OTTON SITUATION During the last half-century of cotton production no condition of the crop up to the first of June has ever been so low as that recently pub lished by the United States crop re porting board. At no time in the history of the boll weevil has that insect appeared so early to begin de struction on the cotton crop as they have this season. Never before in the history of cotton production in this cuntry has the shortage of labor been so acute, or the cost of farm supplies and improvements of every character so high. Governmental statistics on raw cotton in this coun try and in Europe show that pres ent supplies of spinnable cotton, com paratively, are less than ever before in the history of cotton. At the same time, American and foreign mills are running on full time, with their out puts contracted for months ahead at profits which would have made old Falstaff green with envy. This is the situation as shown by the facts in the field of production, supplies of raw cotton and manufacture. The Speculative Field How about speculation on the cot ton exchanges? The first week in June showed some sunshine to warm up and invigorate the belated young crop for a start. Immediately the bears made a charge, and down goes the price of contracts. This pro cedure will doubtless continue as the season advances until the. future con tract falls far below the actual cost of the real fiber. The bears sell something they haven’t got and want a contract which does not force them to deliver. We have a funny situa tion. In the contract market the seller has all the advantage, and in the open local markets the buyers have all the advantage. It seems to me that the buyer of a future con tract ought to have equaj. rights with the speculative seller of the con tract. I am absolutely convinced that the farmer when offering his cotton should be on an equal foot ing with the buyer. I may be wrong about future contracts, and may be when the sellers sell some thing they haven’t got, they ought to have the privilege of delivering any thing they can get, mixed and un- Why Consumers Read Produce Markets Reports Consumers are learning to include the produce market reports fn the items which they read in the daily paper, for they realize that the prices they pay for food are largely con trolled by the market conditions there set forth. Often a glance at the current market report will give a valuable tip as to when to buy for the household. Much of the in formation in these reports is fur nished the newspapers by the bureau of markets. United States department of agriculture, which obtains it though personal representatives at large market centers and by means of a special reporting arrangement with some 474 American railroads. Dally market reports are also is sued to some 100,000 growers and produce dealers who find the infor mation of value in marketing their produce at a time and place that will assure them satisfactory prices. The dissemination of thi< Information also has the effect of regulating the distribution of produce to market cen ters so that the supply tends to re main more constant throughout the year. Occasionally the average consumer Is puzzled by the rapid fluctuations in the retail prices of particular com modities. If he closely follows the market reports issued by the bureau he will better understand causes for these price changes, and why at times rather high prices prevail. A Mixture the Flies Shun Many malodorous mixtures, par ticularly of an / oily nature, have some value as repellents for stable flies, but in preparing these care should be taken that they are not made too strong, especially when an imals are being worked in the hot sun, as they are likely to cause over heating and often produce shedding of the hair. A mixture of fish oil (1 gallon), oil of pine tar (2 ounces), oil of pen nyroyal (2 ounces), and kerosene (1-2 pint, was found to be fairly ef fective in keeping the flies off of live stock for a short time when ap plied lightly, but thoroughly, to the parts of the animals not covered with blankets or nets. WOOD’S SEEDS Crimson Clover The Wonderful Soil Improver Sow it in your corn and cotton at the working, and' next year you can plant these two crops on the same land and make bigger crops. It is considered worth S2O to S3O per acre in the increased productiveness and Improved mechanical con dition of the soli. CRIMSON CLOVER also makes an excellent winter and spring grazing crop, the best of early green feed and a good hay crop. Cow Peas For Forage and Soil Improving Crop Pound for pound, cow pea hay is as valuable a feed as clover hay; it is nearly equal in value to alfalfa and wheat bran. The U. S. Department of Agriculture says: “No one, thing can add more to the agricultural wealth' of the South than growing of cow peas.” Write for copy of our 1920 Fall Catalog giving price* and| full Information about fall crops for Farm and Garden. Mailed FREE en request. T. W.WOOD& SONS, Seedsmen, Richmond, - - - Virginia. =S===: '—" ' -■ " -'I ri.rn.jßT i Side dress yew Cotton with - ; i GERMAN POTASH KAINIT 29 per cent MANURE SALT and NITRATE OF SODA 100 pounds of Manure Salt go as far as 160 pounds of Kainit and have the same effect as a plant food and plant disease preventive— Neither one will injure your crop. i For prices write nearest Office of Nitrate Agencies Company New York Norfolk Savannah Jacksonville New Orleans Houston, Tex. Stocks at other leading Atlantic and Gulf Ports mixed. But I am strong for that old principle of "equal rights to all and special privileges to none.” Anyway the holders of spot cotton should not permit the sentimental influences on prices in the exchanges to affect tha real value of their present holdings, or what they may produce in 1920. If it cost 38 cents to produce a pound of middling upland cotton in 1919, the present price of such grades show but little or no profit to tha growers, while October contracts are being quoted several cents under tha cost of production and going down every day. How about it, cotton growers? Time to Organize Isn’t it time to cinch up your belt another notch, clamp your teeth on the bit and enroll your name i«t« the membership of th® American Cot* ton association and get ready for th< fight which is now only a few months off? Co-operation and leadership was • never —.ore vitally needed by ths f turners than at the present time. Never was the local warehouse mors imperative in w’hich to store ths crop for protection against the weather, and finance the stapX against the rapacious maw of ths “bear.” If it takes twelve months to spin up the crop, let the farmers take twelve months to distribute the crop to the mills. Let the speculators ; sell the contracts to their heart’s con tent, but let the legitimate buyer and spinner of American cotton under stand that the price for the 1920 crop will be regulated by the legitimats laws of supply and demand and not by fictitious and sentimental figures posted on blackboards. The Amer ican Cotton association will solve this problem when the farmers ana the allied business interests of ths country get together in a purely co operative spirit and follow its leader ship. No department of the legiti mate cotton industry nor any othei business can or will suffer under a proper economic and protective sys tem of handling and marketing ths qotton crop. The time is short— ' vrork fast and join this great organ ization. Yours very truly, HARVIE JORDAN, Sec. Amer. Cotton Asso. —"V —r — * Money Don’t misa thia chance to cut your tire coat M 50% and more. We ahitf at once on Bp- ZQ’Ok /§■ proval. 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