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6 LOWERING OF FOOD PRICES DEPENDS UPON DISTRIBUTION Is generally agreed that if food are to be lowered a more eeo g|Htanical system of distribution of gßrn products must be perfected and say experts of the of markets, I’nited States de- of agriculture, is the essen basis for such a system. This not only standard grades for and vegetables, but standards containers in which they are Sell Produce by Weight bureau of markets is charged th® enforcement of the United stanilar d container act which only for standard capacities and berry baskets used in commerce. The applica this law has resulted in the use of these containers in commerce also, for ship have come to appreciate the derived from the use of uni- SBr*|l methods of marketing such of larger shipping such as hampers and Bggßflycl-stave baskets is equally desir □BOl say the bureau’s experts. Os the best method is to sell by the pound, but where it to sell by weight, KgKorm containers should be used. baskets of peaches from Geor and Colorado should contain the quantity of peaches. The same of any other food commodity in hampers or baskets. illustration of how the present result in dissatisfaction is case of a Florida producer who ■Secntly shipped potatoes to the New Btork market In a container with Bwhich the trade was not familiar. ■ Although the potatoes were of high F quality, difficulty was experienced in disposing of them. When they were finally sold the price was con siderably lower per pound than that commanded by potatoes packed in the customary manner. At present there are about fifty types of hampers and over twenty sizes of round-stave baskets in use. Many of these erizes are simply the outgrowth of custom in various ship ping localities; others are used for .the express purpose of deception. And aside from the confusion and un certainty that result from the use of dozens of different kinds of contain ers, millions of dollars are annually lost through destruction of produce in transit on account of the weak construction of the containers used. Would Reduce Humber of Containers Many large growers, shippers, and , basket manufacturers appreciate the desirability of reducing the number of these containers, and a nation- “ for SH B Jbwl—think of it—twostand- ! tj i f ~■ 8 make tires—praetie i, ' - - new—at than rsosfl COM of OfMl The one big ehanee of the 1« year to lay In a big supply. Thousands of cn«- tanera are getting full tire mileage because Urea were slightly used on demonstration care only You can get 12000 MILES out of these tires too. Don’t delay—ths sup ply won’t last long at these bargain prices— maayom order at once. Sse special bargain ' i Abt 1 Tin t Hrw Sise inresnralkS* I .1 Kit t 7.56111.80 t 1.75 82x4K 112.75119.1018.80 < 30x8K 8.15 13.80 2.05 83x4K 14.06 21.10 3.40 J ®X»KIO 30 15.80 2.25 84x4K 16.80 23.70 3.50 I Mx4 11.00 16.50 2.75 85x4K 1885 24 50 8.75 4 'TBH 18.25 19.90 8.05 36x4H 16.75 25.10 885 -f 3fa4 13.80 20.70 8.25 35x5 16.85 25.80 4.00 84x4 14.85 22.30 8.25 87x5 17.25 25.90 4.00 >! Stat. etae plainly whether 8. 8. Clincher, non-skid ] I I «T smooth tread Send g> deposit for each two tires | ordered. balance C.O.D after examination Spatial discoant of 5 per cant If fall L JTJ J a ■- amoant accompanies ordar. ' f TODAY! Eureka Tire & k Rubber Co. IBk Ch• 1243 Michigan I £***•» Dapt. ®or CWcß, ° Rub-My-Tism is a powerful antiseptic; it kills the poison caused from infected cuts, cures old sores, tetter, etc.— ( Advt.) 11 || Rat, Weevil, Fire, < g | |H Water and Thief Proof. ! J The enormous loss in grain from Rats, $ " "TwW eev >L exposure, etc., may now be saved < j by using a Dixie Corn Crib—a Crib con- 4 structed of genuine American Ingot Iron % on scientific principles—and installed at I ’ a very little cost. Lasts a life-time. % ► Corrugated construction—'tight, strong and rigid. Perfect ventilating ► < , sy*ten> and can be made air-tight for fumigating purposes. Made in four ’ > k 4 ? sizes, and we pay the freight. Easily erected in a few hours. Will pay .5 * n a single season. The most perfect and satisfactory Corn Jp < ’ Crib ever invented. t V I * Jf 7 rite for Bulletin No. 103 < J ►' Giving Full Details and Prices , ► ; • Dixie Culvert & Metal Co., < ;; 'Jacksonville ATLANTA Little Rock 3 I I I— - SAVED(“Themore! see ol your roofing (My ■* Bb hbK I•vi wS *wv aW * ■■ J Roofing), the better 1 like it. /Vnc 1 * believe it is equal, if not better, than roofing sold here in Atlantaat Eight Dollars <»8.C0) n square’’ H —writes Mr. D. R. Mathews, of Atlanta, Ga. ■ W*l"l*4 ’ 4 . a We zcJl "Everwear” Roofinff at $4.97 per W JR *1 jaAfl*r <■ I L Wyk square—freight paid—so he saved $3.03 per Fl HW * luate better roofing. I MR PLAIN STYLE ORI “EVERWEAR” is ; I Mniwwr |l r SHINGLE PIfTERNJ made in shingles , I CAHUSIX M shown on home, or plain a. on born. j . I SAVED $20.00 guaranteeo to | $ I a id Zfl aIGB JSO&fk ■ SI ' *■■--- ’ guaranteed lo L i I lam pleated and lant over 20 years. Five times Fj ■ satisfied/’ writd loss as most wood shinclcs. L I Mr. M. Cwriisle, Sr , wK* FKI'-E SAMPLES! Get your p II of Cleol», G«. ‘My jq TEST fa B ■ Iwen la 30r4fi which ** ' ’ ' ” now.Whlle 15 ■ I Hndno prices are low. WRITE $ ■ | madea nice bam. Had no H-wW 4dk today. Your name and J ■■ trouble In puttinr Roofing jig L*A B^»L a H 18 EKk address on a postal n ■ on. I saved $20.00 by ordering brinss cia Free Srm- L | from you.” ple * J'’** a<>ofina r ■ FIREPROOF- I w ZH £O 3 S r cant rijstJ taxi. F Can be used on n«w buildlnaa or naUed riebt overold wood ahlaslea-qniek md easy. Come. • BL TH M jb Wk labile, wide piece*. Gal rani wd Naila. Roofinx V M wJSSTO JJX Sarnwr and Metal Cutting Sheara rgXit~iTvPiir ” TL t Ibrnished with every order, larro ROK KVtKX R W small. | BUILDING. B P fIS OUR 30 DAY OFFER IWe sendkeettoyoti.perße SAVES YOV WgWgßwgk own poeket the profit the dealer would get. WRITE TODAY gR ® KroSl 4? ® M O “ for Free Samples. Address . '-i ’ SAVANNAH FENCE & ROOFING CO. ’ Dept. J Savannah. Ga. THE ATLANTA TRI-WEEKLY JOURNAL. wide movement is on foot to elim inate many of them. Co-operative selling organizations are already do ing much to promote uniformity and standardization. It means money to them not only because of the fa miliarity of the trade with the con tainers used but in permitting meth ods of loading into cars that reduce the likelihood of breakage to a min imum. After a careful canvass of the sit uation the bureau of markets be lieves, and, in this, those who have studied the problem are of the same opinion, that five standard hampers and four standard round-stave bas kets are sufficient to meet all ship ping requirements. The specifica tions provide for volume, dimen sions or shape, and strength. In ad dition to the advantages of uniformi ty, the adoption of these sizes will enable the railroads to work out loading rules that will permit a more intensive utilization of car space, and which will be bound to reduce to a minimum claims on account of dam age in transit. . , ~ „ Proposed Dimensions for Standard Hampers Inside Dimensions. , Diame- Huck* Diameter of Length ness ter of bot- Slant of of Capacity.— Top. tom. lit. Stave. Stave 1 peck 10%9 6% 9% 1-10 V. bushell3 8% 12 12% 1- ? bushells% 9 19 20 % 1% bu. No. 1.1614 9 26 27 1-6 1U bu. No. 2.16% 10 23 • 24 % Proposed Dimensions for Standard Round Stave Baskets Inside Aver- Diam- age Thick- eter In- Number ness at side of of Capacity Tops. DePth-Staves.Staves % bushel 13% »% $ 1 bushel 17 10% 20 i 1% bushels 19 12% 2 2 bushels -1 --"'"--i " - Exhibits Aid Marketers The spirit of competition can often be utilized to encourage the grow ing of vegetables, fruits, etc., to promote the Improvement of home grounds, and to Increase the food supply. In all competitions, such as can be easily instituted among youth ful growers particularly, zest comes from striving and a desire to excel. The logical culmination of a season of competitive growing is an exhibit. Such exhibits can be utilized not only to produce good results, but also to aid the food growers in marketing their surpluses. A well-planned ex hibit is always the center of interest for a large number of people, and those who display their product have an excellent opportunity to secure buyers in case the products exhibited or other supplies are for sale. Every grower of foodstuffs of good quality who expects to have a surplus for the market will do well to co-operate in any community exhibits proposed, not only because of the general bene fit that will result, but because of the immediate financial returns which he may enjoy therefrom. Incubator Troubles CLEMSQN COLLEGE. —Prof. F. C. Hare, poultry husbandman, has re ceived recently letters of complaint as to losses from incubator hatch ing of chicks, and has made the following suggestions in reply. “There Is no good reason why so many chicks should fail to hatch. If the chicks do not break the shell In the incubator on the 19th day, the machine should be run one-half to one degree higher throughout the the incubator the 21st day or three te Incubator te 21st day, or tree weeks from the hour at which the egg chamber reached 103 degrees after the eggs were placed in it. Some machines may need to be run at temperatures as high as 105 de grees in order to get the chicks out on time. “Sprinkle the eggs twice dally on the 18th, 19th, and 20th days. Pans of water in the incubator are not satisfactory. A damp cloth laid on the eggs is all right If there are only a few eggs in a large chamber, as the moisture Is kept right on the eggs where it is needed.” The population of Hamtranck, Mich., increased 1,266 per cent in the last ten years. Playing cards were Invented about the year 1390, to amuse Charles VI, King of France. and successful farming jSk Andrew K Sovle HOW TO SELECT A PIG Selecting a pig is not as easy a matter as it might seem to the un initiated. There is a •> wonderful amount of variation in pigs of dif ferent breeds as well as of the same breed. The one best adapted to use for a given purpose is not always easy to pick out. Animals differ as much in individuality as in type. A boy who has joined the pig club wishes to be able to pick a winner, and for the purpose of aiding him in this momentous matter, some sug gestions have been prepared by the animal husbandry experts of the' Georgia State College of Agriculture. They are incorporated in the text. The boys should read these advices over very carefully and also get their fathers and brothers to help them in determining just how to pick a hog that is most likely to feed out and make a prize winner next fall. | No one breed is best. All of the recognized breeds of hogs are good and will give splendid returns if proper attention is given them. Any breed will treat you well if you treat It well. In choosing a breed, however, one must consider the ad vantages that will accrue from se lecting a breed that is permanently and substantially established in the community. If the majority of one’s neighbors are breeding a certain breed and join their ranks. That community will more than likely be noted as producing one particular breed of hogs, and this feature will furnish a greater appeal to the gen eral public than that coming from a community where several different breeds are raised but where none are made a particular specialty. The popularity of the various breeds is a point that should be given careful consideration. The breed selected should be one that is popular and looked upon with favor by the public. A visit to the larger fairs of the state will afford the student of swine production an op portunity to study various charac teristics of the different breeds that tend to most accurately satisfy the demands of the breeders and of the buying public. Finally, the point of greatest im portance is that one should select the breed that best satisfies his own fancy. Every one has his person al peculiarities. A breed that sat isfies one man may not In any way appeal to some other man. And yet both breeds may be of the very highest standard. The matter of personal preference is of the great est importance and one should be governed largely by it in deciding upon the to select. No matter of what breed or how well bred an individual may be, It will be unprofitable unless given the proper care and attention. The individual is of more import ance than the breed. The pig should be symmetrical, vigorous compact, but not short, should stand squarely on its legs, show a long, strong and well arched back and a straight un derline. The face should show good length and breadth and these dimen sions should be well balanced. Nar rowness between the eyes is to be avoided and the region immediately surrounding the eye should be smooth and free from wrinkles. The jowl should not be excessively heavy or flabby, and the throat should be neat and clean. The neck should be comparatively short and blend smoothly into the shoulder. Viewing the pig from in front the shoulders should not show undue prominence and the width of body should carry out uniformly from head to rump. The back should be wide and uni form throughout and should be ac companied by liberal spring of rib. A side view of the pig should reveal a well arched top line from nose to tall, and a long, stretchy and com pact body, underpinned by strong boned, straight legs. The pig should stand up well on his toes. The chest should be deep and roomy and the heart-girth large, showing fullness and smoothness behind the shoulders. Good length and depth ot-shoulder, side and ham are desired. The en tire body should be well covered with firm, but not coarse flesh, and | should show freedom from deep folds or wrinkles. From the rear it is desired to notioe a broad, deep, uniform and well-bal- t anced hind quarter, with a ten dency to flesh well down to the hock. The rump should be long, wide and level, with the tall setting at a good height. In summary, the pig should pre sent a well-balanced and attractive general appearance, a clean bone and a fine, silky coat of hair which sig nifies good quality. Above all, he must conform to the breed type of the breed he represents. Pig club members are urged to giv? more attention to breed type when se lecting pure-bred pigs, Excepting color markings and a few other minor points, due consideration has not been given the important matter of breed type. The Pig club ex hibits at the various county fairs in 1919 revealed the fact that the boys who showed pigs of good breed type made higher and more frequent win nings than did those who showed pigs that were off type. In selecting a pig, it should be kept in mind that, the most desirable pig is the one I that will most economically put on the largest number of pounds of j high quality flesh in the shortest time. In order to do this, the pig must have • good length, width and depth of body. These three dimen- j sions are of utmost importance be cause they determine to a large ex tent the amount of pork possible to be grown on the frame of the pig. The pig should be symmetrical in its length, width and depth. An unbal anced relation between these points is just as serious a fault as is a defect in the points themselves. The short-bodied, fine-boned, miniature type of pig which shows a tendency to fatten prematurely should be avoided. “Like begets like.’ There fore, in selecting pure-bred pigs choose wide, stretchy and roomy kind that have big bone and a strong back. Look for these points first, then consider the less important points of color, set of ears, etc. How to Join Pig Clubs To become a member of the Boys’ Pig club, application should be made through the teacher, school superin tendent, the county agent, or bv writing the State College Agricul ture, Athens, Ga. 1. Any boy between the age of 10 and 18 may’ become a member of the pig club. Any boy between the age of 10 and 21 may become a member of the Ham and Bacon club. 2. Each boy must secure at least one pig, and can raise any number if a record is kept on each. 3. The boy must care for his pig in person and keep a record of the feed given and the pasturage grazed. He must record the weight of .the pig when it comes into his posses sion and the date it was farrowed. He must also weigh the pig once a month to determine gains. 4. Record blanks furnished by the county agent should be filled out and signed by the owner of the pig Members who make meat of their pigs should send in their records when the pigs are ready to be butchered. 5. Each member must have owned a pig and kept a record of *t for at least four months to com pete for a prize. . 6. Members of the club must agree to study the instructions sent them by the college of agriculture and the United States department of agriculture. 7. To win a state capital prize each member must exhibit at least one purebred pig, or exhibit ham or bacon at the county contest, and the winner at the county fair must show their pigs or meat ’at the state con test. 8. To win a certificate of honor a member must have owned and cared for a purebred registered pig for a period of not less than four months, and must produce a com plete record showing 100 pounds or more of gain at a cost of 8 cents per pound or less. The pig must be a. Berkshire, Poland-China, Spotted Poland-China, Duroc-.Tersey, Hamp shire or Chester White. 9. The following values during 1929 will be used in charging feeds to pigs: Corn, $1.50 per bushel or $2.66 per hundredweight. Cornmeal $2.80 per hundredweight. Shorts, $3.20 per hundredweight Bran, $2.75 per hundredweight. Skim milk or butter milk, 58 cents per hundred pounds, or 5 cents per gallon. Permanent pasture, 15 cents per head per month. If oats, rye, rape, clover, alfalfa, cowpeas, soy beans, peanuts, sweet potatoes, or sorghum are used they should be charged at 1 1-2 cents per head per day. No charge should be made for waste from the kitchen. TREATING A CASE OF SORE FEET J. 11. M., Carrollton, Ga., writes: I have a mule fifteen years old. in fine condition except her feet. When she •trots she limps. The hoofs are long and one is split and the other one is com mencing to split. If you cnn give me a remedy I will appreciate it, as $ need to use her. Cracked hoofs are not uncommonly met with. There are three types of this trouble which are quite distinct. The first is known as quarter-crack, the second is called sand-crack and the third, toe-crack. We judge from the statement in your letter that the animal about which you inquire is suffering from toe-cracked hoofs. Troubles of this character are due as a rule to a weakened, dry condition of the walls of'the hoof. Fast work on hard roads or surfaces tends to split the hoof and aggravate this trouble. Excessive growth of the hoof in the case of unshod animals may cause the condition described. The treatment to be accorded in correcting the cause of the trouble consists primarily in proper shoe ing. You should examine the hoof so as to make certain that there is no discharge therefrom. The cracking may cause some of the tender tis sues lying below the horny part of the hoof to become inflamed and sup purate. In that event, such treat ment must be given as will relieve this condition. In case there is no discharge of the crack indicated, then you should attempt to draw the crack together by the use of horseshoe nails driven just below the surface and properly clamped or riveted on the sharp end. There are special clasps of various kinds for use in treating troubles of this character. A local blacksmith, however, is not likely to have these on hand, but a veterinary surgeon could no doubt secure the same for you. The shoe used in the case of a toe-crack should have clip on each side of the fissure and should be thicker at the toe than it is at the heel. Lowering thfe foot by paring away at the heel and sparing the cutting at the toe will also help in the successful treatment of this con dition. Light and uniform work should be given the animal. Liberal feeding is advisable. DESTROYING THE WEEVIL IN CORN C. R., Gholson, Miss., writes: I have fourteen bushels of corn shelled and in barrels that I want to feed to hogs, and I want to know what will keep the weevils from eating it. They are already In the corn, and would like to know ho wto kill them. Would also like to know what will keep horseflies from bothering horses. Weevils may be destroyed in corn by treating with carbon bisulphide. We suggest that you get a half-pound of carbon bisulphide, pour a couple of ounces into h shallow pan and set it on top of each of the barrels containing the corn. It will e J a p°" rate, penetrate to all parts of the container and effectually kill the wee vils. This treatment should be re peated in a couple of weeks. Carbon bisulphide is very inflammable in the presence of light. Do not smoke or bring a free flame of any kind near the liquid or the . place where the treatment is being given, for when fire comes into contact with the fumes there is an explosion. Large quantities of it should not be kept about the house. It will not injure the corn and will not hurt the hands. This is the most effective means ot destroying the weevil which has yet been devised. The barrels should be covered when the treatment is going on. The treatment need not be con tinued over twenty-four to thirty six hours. If exposed to the air for a time, the corn will be perfectly good for human food. • There is no effectual means of pro tection against horseflies other than through the use of nets. We have never found any ointment or oil which could be used for this purpose which we regarded as satisfactory. Using Nitrate of Soda on Sweet Po tatoes x W. L. s., Seale, Aid., writes: What effect docs nitrate of > soda have on sweet potatoes after they have been planted out, and also if put In the ground before planting? The function of nitrogen is to stim ulate growth. Provided, therefore, it is placed within the reach of the roots of growing plants in a suitable form they will take a good part of it up and use it. Diseased plants, of course, might not assimilate as much of it as those in a vigorous condi tion. During an exceedingly dry spell nitrogen might not be taken up as rapidly as when there is a good season in the ground. Excessive rainfall might interfere also with the assimilation of nitrogen, causing it to be leached away to some extent. If nitrate of soda is put under the drill row before the sweet potatoes are set out and well mixed with the soil, the chances are they will begin to utilize it sooner than when it is put on as a side-application after po tatoes have been set out. It may be used in either way, however. There is an impression that nitrate of soda does not need to be applied until rather late in the season. This is not a right conclusion to draw. Our experience indicates that most plants need considerable quantities of ni trogen during their early stages of growth and development. This has inclined us to advise the application of nitrate of soda to growing crops somewhat earlier in the growing sea son than most people seem to think desirable. A Standard Northern Hay Grass L. L., Muscadine, Ala., writes: I would like to know the name of the sample cf grass sent you. It stayed green all winter and went to seed in our garden last spring. I would like to know the name of it so I can order some seed. The sample of grass enclosed is known as Timothy. It is a common hay grass of the northern states. It is not extensively grown in the south because it is only well adapted to moist, rich soils. It does not thrive satisfactorily on either high, dry or sandy lands even though they may be very fertile naturally. It does best on soils w’hlch contain a consid erable amount of lime and humus. It is rather a slow grass to start off in the spring, and it is not as well suited for pasturage as some other kinds of grass. It will be best to seed this grass in the autumn, say sometime in Oc tober. About one-third of a bushel should be sown per acre. It may be scattered in the drill and lightly covered or it mar be broadcasted and a weeder used to incorporate it Into the soil. When this grass is sown, the land should have been pre viously planted in a clean-hoed crop. It is not likely to prove profi table for cultivation in your section of the south save on the richest and best of bottom lands which are na turally well supplied with lime or made rich in calcium through the ap plication of several tons of crushed I lime per acre. Ammonia by New Process : An enterprising American has se i cured from the Italian government a j concession for the utilization of 800 horsepower of the Marmore cascades near Terni. about seventy miles from Rome, and maintains that he can turn out nitrogenous plant food for the Italian farmer at a cost as low a one lira per kilo (equivalent to SO,OBB per pound, with the lira taken at its par exchange value of $0,193). It is said that the falls are capable of generating not less than 150,000 horsepower. These are the cascades over which Byron waxed so eloquent in “Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage.” Alfred P. Den nis, commercial attache of the United States embassy in Rome, reports to the department of commerce that the only ingredients in the ammonia are water, air, and electric energy. Better Marketing—Better Prices; Farmers, Wake Up and Get Busy Now and then the question is asked, “What benefit does the farm er receive from the government crop reports?” Also, "Do they not play into the hands of the speculators?” Here are a few facts that may help to clear up doubts as to the immense value of the crop estimating work done by the United States depart ment of agriculture. Farmers are benefited directly and indirectly. Because the reports cover crop and live stock conditions, pres ent and prospective supply, for all states, and because they are un biased, disinterested, and as nearly accurate as it is practicable to make them, farmers can use the informa tion they contain as a guide to plant ing and marketing; that is, by ob serving whether the indicated sup ply is or will be relatively large or small as compared with previous years, the farmer can decided intel ligently whether to increase or de crease the acreage in a particular crop, and whether to sell his harvest ed crop immediately or hold for a probable advance in price at a later date. Hundreds of farmers have written the department that they have profited from a few hundred to several thousand dollars in a single season by regulating their plantings and marketings in this way, and many farmers state they have ob tained top prices year after year by studying the crop reports. Every farmer could and should do the same. Indirectly Benefits Many Indirectly the monthly crop reports benefit farmers in many ways. For instance, all banking institutions study the government estimates of crop acreages and prospects and the live stock estimates as a guide to the amount of funds that will be re quired, and which they will be called upon to advance for financing farm ers through the crop season, as well as the movement of crops after har vest. Railroads use the crop re ports as a guide in arrangang to supply cars when and where need ed for moving crops and live stock, so far as cars are available for that purpose. Manufacturers, merchants, dealers, and business men are all interested in the crop report because it enables them to plan their opera tions far enough in advance so that the machinery, farm equipment, and supplies which farmers will require can be. supplied when and where neededJ thereby avoiding costly and annoying delays; and to the extent that business men avoid losses thej can afford to sell at reduced prices, which benefits farmers as well as other customers. Crop reports are of fundamental importance to all marketing and dis tributing agencies, and to the extent that the risk involved in buying farm products and carrying them in storage until needed is reduced, legitimate buyers can operate on smaller margins and therefore, in competition with each other, they can afford to pay higher prices to farmers. Speculation Thrives on Uncertainty Speculation thrives and depends upon lack of information, uncertain ty, and confusion on the part of farmers and the public. Crops and live stock are grown in the open and can not be hid. Speculators have their own means of getting infor- GOOD CARE OF BIRDS MAKES SQUAB RAISING PROFITABLE (Many years ago, a wave of en thusiasm over squab raising swept the country. Fabulous profits were told of and many people bought breeding stock and expected to make a fortune with little work in a short time. When they discovered that these figures were overestimated and that td reap a profit regular care must be given the birds, their in terest slackened and they talked as much against the proposition as they had for it in the beginning. As a matter of fact, pigeon raising can be condqcted successfully as a special business, but is better adapt ed to serve as a side issue on a small scale in towns and cities and on general farms . The demand for squabs, especially in large cities, is increasing. Squabs are often used to replace dressed game, which is decreasing in this country. The prices received for squabs are high enough to make squab raising return a fair profit wherever there is a good market. An average annual return of from $2 to $2.59 above feed cost per pair of breeders is consider ed good by successful plants pro ducing only squabs for markets. Pigeons as a Side Issue Many people can keep pigeons suc cessfully as a side issue, although it requires constant oversight and careful attention to details. The greatest difficulties confronting the successful raising of pigeons seem to be in getting good breeding stock and finding a good market for the product of a small flock, specialists in the United States department of agriculture say. Pigeons are a prof itable source of income on general farms where they may get much ot their feed from the fields, provided they are not a nuisance and the loss by shooting and by hawks, owls, and cats is not large. They can also be raised successfully on farms they are closely confined, provided the squabs can be marketed to good advantage. Good - breeding stock is one of the prime essentials of success in squab raising. It is advisable to buy pigeons from reliable breeders; if possible, from those who guarantee their product. Many failures in squab raising have been due to poor stock, CROP REPORTS AID FARMERS IN GETTING BETTER PRICES “The pinto bean growers of this state have earned $82,000 in addi tional profits from their 1919 crop through their co-operative marketing association, initiated by specialists of the bureau of markets, United States Department of Agriculture,” was the recent statement made by a New Mexico pinto bean grower. Before the association was formed the beans were purchased by local buyers who practically controlled the market and therefore paid almost any price they chose. These buyers were rapidly destroying the possibilities that offered in the marketing of pinto beans through lack of care in grading and packing. Choice recleaned pinto beans was a technical name that came to mean nothing, for the beans often contained splits and dirt, as a result of which the trade could not New Services to Keep Before Producers and Distributors Important Crops to Market The federal bureau of markets news services on live stock and meats, hay feeds and seeds, and dairy products, and fruits and vegetables, are designed to keep before produc ers, distributors and consumers a picture of the movement of import ant crops to market, the supplies ar riving in all of the principal consum ing and distributing centers and the wholesale prices prevailing in each. To make its reports of the greatest practical usefulness, the bureau has equipped itself with the fastest sys tem of communication available. Its branch offices in the great consuming and distributing markets are connect ed with leased telegraph lines and operated by bureau telegraphers. These wires are busy from eight to twelve hours a day in the transmis sion of market information which is vital to intelligent and systematic food distribution. From the time the live stock mar kets open in the morning until the close of the day's business, the bu reau’s representatives at Chicago, Kansas City, Omaha and East St Louis • send out a telegrapJaL" mation all the time, by letter and by telegraph, through traveling salesmen, local buyers and dealers, country merchants and bankers, through crop experts employed by them at high salaries, and through various private crop reporting agen cies. Were it not for the bureau of crop estimates, which is a disin terested federal agency through which farmers can pool information regarding loctt. .• conditions and have it summarized by the bureau into an accurate report for the whole country, farmers and the public would be at the mercy of specula tors who would be free to issue any sort of misleading reports designed to influence prices to their own ad vantage, and farmers would have no means of checking them up. The crop reports injure no one but the spec ulators, who could well afford to pay many times the enitre cost of the bureau to have the government crop reports discontinued or dis credited. In fact, the only influential request received by the department from any source in recent years for the suppression of the crop report came from one of the largest spec ulative exchanges in the country. In their own interest and in the inter est of agriculture generally, farmers should co-operate with the bureau of crop estimates by reporting condi tions in their neighborhoods, and should not criticize or disparage the crop reports as inaccurate or detri mental to the interests of farmers, because by doing so they are like ly to play directly into the hands of the speculators. Relative Supply Affects Prices Farmers should realize that the prices of their products are deter mined largely by the relative sup ply, because the demands remain fairly constant, and that the law of supply and demand which deter mines or influences these prices is not limited to any particular county or state, but is nation-wide, and for some crops world-wide. Regard* less of what is grown in your own country, or even in your own state, the price you get for what you have to sell will depend largely upon what is produced by farmers in other states and countries; and be fore you can decide intelligently whether it will pay you to grow more or less cotton, or corn, or any other crop, or whether to sell your crop or live stock now or to hold it until later on, you must know some thing about the relative supply pro duced in other states and countries. It is this information which the government crop reports supply more accurately and more dependably than any other agency, and it is this sort of information which farm ers must learn to use, as it will help them to make their business profitable. The monthly crop report is an ab solutely unbiased, nonpartisan, busi ness service, as nearly accurate as it is possible to make it and there fore the most dependable source of information available, to farmers and the public: and that, to be of greatest practical value, farmers should co-operate with the bureau in supplying information for their neighborhoods, and should have full confidence in the government crop reports and make practical use of them. because the prospective producer bought old pigeons past their period of usefulness, or a surplus of male birds. Both the age and the sex of pigeons are difficult to determine bv casual observation, "which forces the buyeh to depend largely on the seller’s word. It is advisable either to nuy mated pigeons which are from 1 to 3 years old or to get young birds 6 to 8 weeks old and mate them at the proper age. Pigeons are most val uable as squab producers "when from 2 to 6 years of age, although many ■will breed until they are about 8 years old. The small varieties mate and breed at 5 to 6 months, and the larger ones at 8 to 9 months. The young pigeons are usually re moved from the breeding pen and put into a pen by themselves after they are able to fly about and pick up their own food. A catching net or bag made of large-mesh cotton net ting, with the mouth or top about 18 inches in diameter, is very useful for catching the pigeons. Squabs hatch ed in April, May, and June make the best breeders, while their value on the market is comparatively low at that time of the year. Marketing the Squabs Squabs are fed by the parent birds until they are marketed, which is usually at from 3 1-2 to 4 1-2 .weeks of age. They must be sold about this age, as the period during which they are ready for market rarely exceeds one w r eek. Squabs are in good con dition when fully feathered under the wings, which is usually about the time they begin to leave their nests, and if not marketed at that time they soon lose their baby fat and their flesh begins to get hard. In the morning, before the breeders are fed, pick up the squabs to be marketed when their crops are empty. Leave them in a pen for 12 hours to allow all foo dto pass out of their crop. The production of. squabs from each pair of breeders varies from 1 to 2 as high as 10 or 11 pairs a year, but an average of from 6 to 7 pairs is a fair estimate, although some squab breeders produce more. Squabs usually sell at the highest prices dur ing cold weather, as pigeons do not breed so freely then as in spring. depend upon the quality of the pro duct. Now the ’ farmers do their own marketing through the association. Sixteen warehouses, properly equip ped with grading and packing ma chinery, have been erected. The beans are carefully graded and then packed in new, even-weight 100-pound bags, which are neatly sewed and branded. The association demands clean cars from the railroad, and in loading the sewed ends of the sacks face one way. The association believes in the bureau of markets’ proved theory that when a buyer throws open the door of a car he is instantly im pressed if the contents present a clean, orderly appearance. The New Mexico association has 1,500 members and marketed 250 carloads of beans last year. It is constantly calling on the bureau of markets for assistance, w’hich is cheerfully given. from one or the other of these mar kets every fifteen minutes. The sales of live stock in the Chicago yards alone average more than $3,000,000 a day, and the value of the live stock sold in the public stockyards of this country is more than $5,000,000,000 annually—figures indicating the im portance of supplying information that is imperative. When a market is oversupplied with a product—particularly a highly perishable fruit or vegetable—a great waste results. The product spoils and becomes unfit for use and the dealers suffer a financial loss on ac count of this spoilage and also on account of the fact that they must sell their stocks at a sacrifice in order to dispose of them at all. Gluts of this kind used to occur frequently and were nearly always coincident with a scarcity of food in another place. Since the market news serv ice on fruits and vegtables was in stituted, this situation has improved materially. Hope springs eternal in the human breast. That’s why the pool of dis appointment is always slopping over. Much of the milk of human kind ness is adulterated beyond the cream gfniarattua stage. SATURDAY, JULY 10, 1030. Milk Won’t Stay Sweet if Carelessly Handled, Never Mix New Milk With Old No matter how well milk has been handled up to the time it is delivered to the consumer, it can not be ex pected to keep well if it is careless ly treated thereafter. It should be poured into pitcher, pan, or other vessel —freshly scalded to remove any bacteria or mold spores—and kept in a cool, Clean place free from dirt, flies, etc. New milk should never be mixed with old unless it is to be used at once, as the bacteria in the old milk will, of course, be added also, and the mixed milk will not keep as well as the fresh milk alone. Bacteria are thickest where there is dirt and decay, and milk should therefore be stored only in clean, sweet places. It is safer to keep it covered, to exclude not only dirt and bacteria but also the flavors And odors which it so easily absorbs. If kept at a temperature of 50 degrees F. or less, good milk should remain sweet for twelve hours at least, after Feeders Finish Off Beef Cattle , At Younger Years, Bigger Increase Feeders show an Increasing ten-1 dency toward finishing off their beef I cattle at younger ages. In general I this tendency is created by two causes: First, consumers are demand ing small, high-quality cuts of meat; second, the cost of producing beef, due to advance in land values, feeds, labor and taxes, has increased to such an extent that feeders and breeders can seldom hold their cattle to ad vanced ages at a profit. General conditions in the past few years have indicated that no class of beef yet produced more nearly fulfills the re quirements of both producer and consumer than baby beef, and the ; feeding of baby beeves has been in creasing in popularity. In the early days of the cattle in* | Marketing Sheep and Hogs Os fifty-four carloads of sheep, in cluding eleven single-deck and forty three double-deck cars, the cost of loading and bedding cars averaged i $0,019 per 100 pounds live weight, according to figures fprnished the federal trade commission by the United States department of agri culture. Other marketing expenses, including freight, varied from $0,239 to $1.97 per hundred weight. The shrinkage in weight varied from 3.53 to 8.57 per cent, the majority of the , shipment averaging approximately 8 I per cent. Similar records on 253 carloads of | hogs showed the cost of loading and I bedding to average 1.5 cents per 100 ■ pounds live weight; feed at market approximately 8 to 9 cents; commis- | sion charges, 4 to 10 cents; miscel laneous expense, 2 to 10 cents, aver aging approximately 5 cents; and the total cost of marketing, including freight from varying districts, ap proximately from 33 to 50 cents. The shrinkage in weight on 873 car loads of hogs varied from 9.88 to mihus 4.59 per cent. Potato Storage Houses CLEMSON COLLEGE.—The South Carolina Cotton association has in dorsed the building of sweet po tato storage houses, and urges all ’ prospective builders to get expert ad vice and not be humbugged by “wild cat” schemes. The following is an extract from the minutes of the semi- , annual convention South Carolina di vision American Cotton association, held in Columbia on May 5, 1920, this being from the report of the commit tee on warehousing and legislation: “Your committee wishes to call your attention to the fact that there are a number of concerns selling or offering for sale plans, patent rights, etc., for potato warehouses. We ad vise all persons to communicate with the director of extension at Clemson college before parting with their money to any of these concerns that they may be sure they are not being humbugge d. ” WOODS SEEDS Crimson Clover The Wonderful. Soil Improver Sow it in your com and cotton at the working, and l next year you can plant these two crops on the sarfle land and. make bigger crops. It is considered worth S2O to S3O per acre in the increased productiveness and improved mechanical con dition of the soil. CRIMSON CLOVER also' makes'an* excellent;winter and spring grazing crop, the best of early green feed and a good hay. crop. Cow Peas For Forage and Soil Pound for pound, cow pea hay is as valuable 'a feed as clover hay; it is nearly equal in value to alfalfa and wheat bran. •? The U. S. Department of Agriculture says:» *‘No one, thing can add more to the agricultural wealth of.the South' than growing of cow peas.” Write for copy of our 1920 Fall Catalog giving prices and! full Information about fall crops for Farm and Garden.» Mailed FREE on request. , T. W. WOOD & SONS, Seedsmen, Richmond, - - - Virginia. — ■ Side dress ymir Cottosi with GERMAN POTASH .II KAINIT 20 per cent MANURE SALT and I NITRATE OF SODA 100 pounds of Manure Salt go as far as 160 pounds of Kainit and have the same effect as I a plant food and plant disease preventive— Neither one will injure your crop. For prices write nearest Office of Nitrate Agencies Company Now York Norfolk Savannah Jacksonville New Orleanz Hou z ton, Tex, f Stocks at other leading Atlantic and Gulf Ports it reaches the consumer, and ordinari ly for twenty-four hours or more, dairy specialists of the United States department of agriculture say. Some times in very hot weather house keepers complain that in spite of all precautions it sours quickly, even in the ice box. This is often due to the fact that the air of the ice box, al though it seems cold in contrast with the heat outside, is realy not con enough to check the growth of the bacteria; if a thermometer placed inside registers more than 50 degrees F. the fault is almost surely in tn* temperature of the ice box. and sot in the milk. In large cities, where most of t*-e /nllk comes by morning trains from a considerable distance, j it is often impossible to deliter iresh morning’s milk in time for breakfast, and that milked the morning before must be given to pations who insist on early delivery. They would get their milk from twelve to eighteen hours fresher if they would take it in the afternoon instead. dustry steers were kept on the range until from three to five years of age. The use of better bulls ■With cortse quent improvement in quality and early maturity of market cattle, to gether with heavier grain feeding, has made it possible to put just as much flesh on the animals by the time they are from ten to twenty months of age. With improvements in breeding and in feed-lot methods heavier cattle with more quality may in time be put on the market at * even a younger age. The precise age at which steers should be marketed depends upon several conditions which must be determined by the in dividual feeder. Send NoMoney l&Ek Don’t mias this chance to cut yourtirecoet DCSA nSa 80% and more. We shits at once on ap- (VCN Mffi nrcval. These ar© standard make used Ocx ■■ tires, excellent condition, selected by our ACz'C ■ experts—rebuilt by ex'pert workmanship, B Can readily be guaranteed for 6000 miles. 1 NOTE—These are not used sewed to* I XjQ I ■ether tires—known as double treade. 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