Newspaper Page Text
6
Profit Made 'by Farmers
Small in Recent Years,
GovernmentSurveyShows
WASHINGTON, D. C., Oct. 11.—
i Figures on farm profits, covering
: seven years in two areas and five
yedns in a third, were made public
by the United States department of
agriculture today. These figures
show:
That comparatively few of the
farmers in the groups studied have
been making large profits during the
recent years of comparatively -high
prices.
That their average return on in
vestment increased from about 4 per
cent in 1918 to 7 per cent in 1919.
That most of them are making less
than SSOO cash per year over and
above the things the farm furnishes
. toward the family living, whiph.
however, constitute a very important
»• factor.
i The facts brought out in this re
port are of special significance since
they represent the results of continu
v ous studies of the same farms ex
tending over a longer period of time
than do any other such investiga—
i tions thus far completed by the de
. partmen t.
Specialists of the office of Farm
Management and Farm Ecohomics,
who have conducted these invest’.ga
> tions, say that while the results will
not justify, making flat generaliza
tions as to what farm profits are for
the country as a whole, they believe
they should have weight in the con
sideration of the general problem, as
Indicative of the trend of farm re
turns in representative firming sec
tions.
The three groups of farms studied
are located, respectively, in Wash
ington county, Ohio (25 farms, hill
country. 7 years); Clinton county, In
diana (100 farms, corn belt, 7 years),
, and Dane county, Wisconsin (69
farms, dairy region, 5 years) Rep
resentatives of the department visit
ed these farms year after year, tak
ing records covering the farm busi
ness under the following heads:
"2 Distribution of farm aera.
Crop yields. .
A Amount of work, stock and other
live stoak.
Amount of labor used.
Amount and distribution of farm
capital.
’ Amount and distribution of re
ceipts and expenses.
Value of the family living obtain
ed from the farm.
*" Amounts of the more Important
- products sold and prices received.
From the figures thus obtained,
the farm, income (receipts less ex
penses), and the labor income (farm
• Wood Ashes Contain
Amounts of Potash
> Not Generally Known
BY Z*. X. SMITH ,
Chemist, Georgia Experiment Station
. As a source of potash, wood ashes
have a greater value than Is gener
ally understood. The use of wood
as a fuel results in an ash product
containing amounts of potash vary
ing with the kind of wood and the
amount of unburned material. Va
rieties of southern woods have been
examined at the Georgia experiment
station; and the potash content of
s the ashes as determined is shown in
the table:
Ash, 34.7; white oak, 29.9; dogwood,
Z 0.2; hickory, 18.9; Sycamore, 18.2;
red oak, 16.4; post oak, 15.4; mag
nolia, 14.5; yellow pine, 12.9; black
pine, 10.4; old field pine, 2.5. x
The tkble refers to the pure ashes
with only a small amount of unburn
.ed material. Ordinarily ashes con
’ tain a large quantity of charreM and
incompletely burned wood and the
content of potash is proportionately
lower. Such an ash contained only
2 per cent potash, and low grade
z ashes of the kind might well be
leached to obtain the soluble car
bonate of potash. The results show
that pines contain much Jess potash
than do the oaks and hardwoods.
Ashes obtained by burning by-prod
ucts, as waste from wood-working
plants, are of the highest grade, con
taining only small amounts of un
burned substances. When carefully
collected and kept dry, wood ashes
give good results by applying at rate
of 200 or 300 pourtds per acre when
the land is laid off. This should be
two or three weeks before other fer
tilizer is applied. Besides potash,
ashes contain other inorganic plant
foods—phosphoric acid and lime.
F. H. SMITH, Chemist.
Bad as Dynamite
Grain dust and similar mill sift
ings appear harmless, but filtered
through the air and ignited in a
closed structure, they are as deadlv
as dynamite. Such explosions cost 80'
lives and $7,000,000 property damage
in 1919. The United States depart
ment of agriculture dust-explosion
investigation service has practically
♦liminated the evil.
Kentucky Drops Hemp
Kentucky once led in hemp produc
tion, but has 'turned to more profit
able crops and relinquished |the lead
to Wisconsin, the United
States department of apiculture. The
Badger state cultivated 7,000 acres,
half the country’s total, this year,
followed by Minnesota, Michigan,
Ohio and California, with Kentucky
alxth.
A New Log Saw
Cuts Faster, Costs I>ess, Makes More
r Money for Users and Works
While You Best
' A new improved power log saw, now
being offered, outdoes all other log
saws in cutting wood quickly and at
little cost. A new 4»cycle, high pow
er moter equipped with Oscillating
Magneto—no batteries to fail you—
makes the saw bite through logs
faster than other log saws. It fin
ishes its cut and is ready for another
before the ordinary saw is well start
ed. This log saw—the Ottawa —has
a specially designed friction clutch,
controlled by a lever, which starts
and stops the saw without stopping
the engine. Others have imitated,
but no other power log saw has this
Improvement just like the Ottawa.
The Ottawa Log Saw sells for less
money than any power saw of any
thing like its size.
Strictly j
OutHt 7
.'atent
! Applied For
The Improved Model, 4-H. P. Ottawa Log
Saw.
One man wheels this outfit from
cut to cut and log to log like a bar
row.. Separate attachments cut down
and cut up branches. Extra
power lets the engine do heavy work
of all kinds. Owners of the Ottawa
Log Saw laugh at coal shortages and
are making big money with ease, the
machine doing the, work. Thirty-five
to 50 cords cut any day, rainy or dry,
by one man, are normal figures. And
wood is approaching S2O a cord! The
Ottawa jfs compact, simple and dur
able. Ivsells for cash or easy pay
mentss and is guaranteed. If you
have wood to cut the Ottawa Log
Saw will be the most satisfactory
machine you’ve ever owned. We sug
gest that you write the Ottawa Mfg.
Co.; 854 Wood St., Ottawa, Kas., for
their complete new illustrated book
and prices, sent free to all readers
of this paper.—(Advt.)
income less 5 per cent on invest
ment), have been computed for each
group of farms.
The average farm income of the
25 farmers visited in Washington
county, Ohio, for the seven years
1912-18. was $610: the labor in
come, $276: the return on invest
ment, . 4.6 per cent. In addition to
the farm income, the farmers had
food, fuel and house rent, estimated
to be worth, on the average, $359 per
years. For 1912 the farm income of
these farms average $456, and for
1918 the average was $719. These
farms are in a hilly section, where
the soil is not especially fertile.
The 109 farmer sip Clinton coun
ty, Indiana, being- on better land
than the Ohio farmers, made a cor
respondingly better showing. Their
farm incomes average $1,856 for the
seven years, 1910 and 1913-18, and
their labor incomes. $558. Return
on capital was 5.7. and food, fuel,
and house rent furnished by the
farm, $425. The average farm in
come of these farms increased from
$1,282 in 1910 to $2,978 in 1918. /
The farm income of the 60 Wiscon
sin farms average $1,293 for the five
years, 1913-18. the labor income
$408; and return on investment—de
termined by deducting from the- farm
income the value of the farmer’s la
bor—4.7 per cent. The aveage farm
Income ranged from $1,079 in 1913
to $1,990 in 1918. On most of these
farms the principal source of income
is dairying.
Os the 185 farmers in the. three
areas, none made a labor income of
SI.OOO for every year of the study,
but 18 in the Indiana area and 7 in
the Wisconsin area made labor in
comes averaging over SI,OOO per
year for the period. Four farmers
(2 per cent of the entire number)
made over SSOO labor income every
year. Averaging labor income and
loss over the whole time, 15 per
cent of the farmers failed to make
arty labor iiicome at all. Ten per
cent failed even to make 5 per cent
interest on investment in any year
of the study. f
Department specialists point out
that though farm incomes in most
cases showed a marked increase dur
ing the years 1916-18, as compared
with incomes for 1912-15, these in
creases are more apparent than real,
in view of the decrease in the pur
chasing power of the dollar. The
turnover for the recent years was
larger than for the earlier years, but
the returns were relatively little
larger, if measured in terms of the
things it would buy rather than in
terms of dollars and cents.
Prof. W. C. Lassetter,
Diversification Expert,
Returns to Georgia
W. C. Lassetter, formerly of Villa
Rica, and since 1917 director of gov
ernment extension work at the Uni
versity of Arkansas, will become
editor of the Georgia-Alabama edi
tion of the Progressive Farmer Nb
vember 1, with headquarters in At
lanta.
The return of Mr. Lassetter to
Georgia will add a notable member
to the staff of distinguished agricul
tural authorities who are now iden
tified with the farming interests of
this state. <(
Prof. W. C. Lassetter was born
and reared on a farm in the Pied
mont section of north Georgia at
Villa. Rica. He early learned the
progressive lessons of a diversified
agriculture; for on the farm where
he grew up, the wheat, meat, corn,
oats, hay, poultry, milk, fruits and
vegetables consumed were grown on
the farm, cotton being made a. true
cash crop. In 1909 Prof. Lassetter
graduated In agriculture at the Uni
versity of Wisconsin, and shortly
after 1909-10; became assistant ag
ronomist at the Ohio State universi
ty. In 1910 he came to the Univer*
sity of Arkansas as professor of ag
ronomy and assistant agronomist of
the experiment station. In 1915 his
duties were enlarged by making him
assistant director of agricultural ex
tension work, and in 1917, z&irector,
which position he still holds. Mr.
Lassetter during his whole life has
been, espe’cially interested in agro
nomy—soils, fertilizers, crops and
crop production. He is a most ef
fective speaker to farmer audiences
on subjects within the lines of his
activities.
The state of Arkansas has Vnade
great progress agriculturally during
the- time Mr. Lassetter was at work
there, her crop values increasing
during the ten years from sllO.-
000,000 to $395,000,000, or an increase
of 232 per cent. In this large in
crease the agricultural extension
workers of the state, under the direc
tion of Prof. Lassetter, have played
an important part.
Bovs and Girls’ Clubs
Show Fine Growth
In North and West
During the first six months in
1920, 208,257 boys and girls in the
northern and western states enrolled
in the clubs which ( are supervised
by the United States department <-«f
agriculture and the state colleges.
The large enrollment in these clubs
promises that soon, possibly before
the next census is taken, the exodus
from the country to the city will be
definitely Checked. Club work has
already dignified agriculture in the
eyes of thousands upon thousands
of firm boys and girls, and made
them satisfied with country life, for
the organization brings new inter
ests into the lives of its member
and, enables them to make money
of iheir own. While club work en
courages boys and girls to procure
a higher education if possible—9B7
northern and western club boys and
607 club girls are in agricultural col
leges this year—it does not educate
them away from the farm.
One per cent of the total popula
tion of the country, or 1,041,441 per
sons, were reached the first six
months of the current year through
the juvenile club events. When the
boys and girls put on an exhibit it
is popular with all ages and all ages
attend. The work in the clubs was
carried on by 173 permanent county
club agents and 8,046 volunteer lo
cal leaders. The number of perma
nent club agents has nearly doubled
in six njonths. Large numbers of
farm bureaus now are paying the
salary of a club leader as well as
that of a county agent and home,
demonstration agent.
Crow Not as Black
As He Is Painted,
Federal Expert Says
That the crow’s character is not
so black as it is usually painted is
disclosed by investigations made by
the bureau of biological survey of
the United States department of ag
riculture. In fact, the department's
“birdmen” say that much of the
work the crowd does is of direct
assistance to the farmer, for “Mister
Crow” wages warfare all summer
long on insect pests. In fact, in
sects supply about one-fifth of its
food, and those which he prefers in
his diet .rae the worst insect pests
the farmer has to contend with—
grasshoppers, caterpillars and white
grubs and their parents, xMay bee
tles.
On the other hand, the crow raids
the cornfield and the poultry yard,
and kills small wild birds and de
stroys their nests. From the evi
dence at hand the crow’s merits and
shortcomings appear about equally
divided. While it would not be well
to give it absolute protection and
thus afford the farmer no recourse
when the bird is doing damage, the
bureau of biologicp.l survey believes
that to drdopt the policy of killing
very crow that comes within gun
shot would be equally unwise.
(All.
State Help for Farming Operations
Works Successfully in California;
Plan Will Be Tried Out Elsewhere
if .. .w /
* and - wSMllßtesM• Wtefa
* y,v ' 5 Y
ISWBw Jgr oMMj
America’s first state endowed farm colony has made good.
This was demonstrated when 300 proud farmers brought the fruits of their toil and soil to the first
annual fair of the Durham State Land colony, near Chico, in Butte county, California. Some of these prod
ucts are pictured above. >
Strings of pure-bred and grade Holstein cows, huge Durocg-Jersey hogs, great draft horses, fancy
chickens, fruit, honey, butter —the fat of the fattest land in California—were all spread before crowds of
visitors from many states who pronounced the exhibit a miracle of productiony
CHICO, Cal. —(Special to the Tri-
Weekly Journal.)—The federal gov
ernment having “fallen down” on the
Mondell bill, providing for land col
onization after the manner of the
“Mead plan” here, individual states
are turning toward California to
show them the way.
The state of Washington proposes
to spend a year for ten
years on land colonization modeled
after the California plan. The state
engineer of Colorado is in consulta
tion with Dr. Elwood Mead, “father
of the California plan,” with similar
intent, and the governor of Kansas
will try to amend the constitution so
that his state can issue bonds for
the same purpose.
J. S. Wannamaker, Leader
Os Cotton Growers, Asks
Conference With Wilson
Following is a copy of a letter
written to President Woodrow Wil
son by J. S. Wannamaker, head of
the American Cotton association, re
questing a conference when the na
tional meeting of farm representa
tives gathers in *Washington on Oc
tober 12-13 to discuss means for
remedying the situation caused by
recent declines in the prices of agri
cultural products:
“Hon. Woodrow Wilson,
“Washington.
“My Dear Mr. President: We feel
convinced that you do not realize
the seriousness of the conditions
now confronting the agricultural in
terests of America and the fact that
it will be absolutely impossible for
the producer to meet these condi
tions and at the same time sup
ply the production which is neces
sary to our nation, to say nothing
of the great.y increased production
which is absolutely necessary in
order to re-establish normal condi
tio s and promote commercial activ
ity, thus bringing about, peace and
prosperity. V
‘We have joined in a call with
twenty-two of the largest
tural associations from various sec
tions of the nation, to the farmers
of America, for a conference at
Washington, October 12th and 13th,
for the purpose of taking definite
action concerning the adverse condi
tions now confronting them, and for
the specific purpose of taking
definite action regarding present
marketing conditions of agricultural
products, which, if maintained, will
bring a loss of hundreds of millions
of dollars to the farmers of the
United States and will result, as
stated above, in forcing decreased
production.
“I am enclosing to you herewith
a copy of the call which has fceen
Issued to the farmers of America.
“The agricultural producers of
our nation, to a large extent, are
forced today to sell their products
below the cost of production for the
reason that, for some of our most
important staple crops, they are
■treble to gain access to .the mar
kets of Europe, where there is a
pressing demand for these products.
“A large part of each year’s
staple crops must be carried along
during the year until needed for
consumption. Credit to do this
must be given to the middleman
hoarders or to farmer producers.;
The farmers’ difficulty in securing
credit to hold their crops until
needed for consumption is largely
responsible for the slump in prices
of staple crops, though increased
freight rates are also an important
factor.
“A , investigation
that the reduction in the average
prices received' from ulv 1 to Sep
tember J 9f this year by producerg
of the United States for wheat
corn, potatoes, apples, cotton and
beef would mean a loss to the
producers of $1,782,275,350.
a, “We are especially anxious to
hold a conference with you and with
the members of your cabinet (at the
most convenient hour to you during
the convention of the farmers of
America) for the purpose of discuss
ing with you and your cabinet mem
bers, the conditions which are seri
ously threatening the agricultural
life of America. However, we wish
it distinctly understood that we do
not ask, no r do we expect any espe
cial consideration or privilege.
“Nature seems to have taken a
particular care to disseminate her
blessings among the different re
gions of the world, with an eye to
their mutual intercourse and traffic
among mankind, that the nations of
the several parts bf the globe might
have a kind of dependence upon one
another and be united together by
their common interst. The care of
our national commerce redounds
more to the riches and prosperity of
the public than any other act of
government.
“Congress created the war finance
corporation and provided a fund of
$1,000,000,000 to be utilized for the
purpose of promoting dur commerce.
This corporation has failed to
function; hence, today, we are suf
fering on account of ou r inability
to enter the channels of foreign
commerce, while the nations of Eu
rope are suffering on account of
their inability to secure >our raw
material.
“In addition to this, we are suf
fering on account of restrictions of
credits and on account of a policy
of deflation. Most assuredly, history
will repeat itself if deflation is
started on agriculture—the founda-
California is elated with her first
experiment at Durham, south of
here. Recently the Durham settlers
held their first fair and exhibited the
harvests from their state aided
So successful has this ven
ture proven that, the state is rapid
ly compdeting its second colony at
Delhi in Merced county, and this
month will throw open for settlement
some eighty new farm sites there.
Furthermore, the land settlement
board will go before the next state
legislature and ask for another sl,-
600,000 to start a third colony.
State lioans Money ,
The California projects- operate
similar to the New Zealand method,
known as the “Mead plan.” Briefly
tion of commerce'-r-and the effect will
be disastrous. Deflation must of
course be based upon production.
Following the world war, it can only
come as a result of an enormously
increased production. We are forced
to bear the burden of enormously
increased transportation charges and
greatly increased taxes' due to the
world war. We are compelled to
meet the enormously increased scale
of wages. Due to these ■> facts, the
cost of agricultural production has
enormously increased. All of this has
not only brought to us stupendous
losses, but has brought us face to
face with a most serious condition
concerning future production.
“The revolutions of time furnish
no previous example of a nation
shooting up to maturity and expand
ing into greatness with the rapidity
which has characterized the growth
of the American people. The world
war has made the United States
a world power, the controlling fac
tor in world affairs. The die is cast.
There/can be no retreat, no drawing
back. The opportunity for world su
premacy in commerce has been
knocking at our door. The products
of our fields, mines, forests and fac
tories should have access to world
markets. Our nation should be the
champion of the freedom of the
world, which freedom can only be
secured and promoted through in
tense commercial activity, wprl<j
wide. Commerce x tends to wear off
these prejudices which maintain dis
tinction and animosity between na
tions. It unites them; by one of the
strongest of all ties —the desire of
supplying their mutual wants. It
disposes them to peace, by estab
lishing in every state an order of
citizens bound by their interest to
be the guardians of public tran
quility. \
“We are today treading in the
same steps that other historic na
tions have taken and regretted. Ag
riculture is the foundation of com*
merce and civilization. Throttle ag
riculture, and commerce and civili
zation -will perish. Throttle com
merce, and you will dam civilizia
tion. It is only as a result of in
tense commercial activity, world
wide, that it will be possible to
bring peace and prosperity. There
is need for an enormously increased
production from the field's, the mines,
th&'' forests and the.-, factories of
America, for the purpose of upbuild
ing, through the only channel
through which ,we can secure and
prorhote peace —commerce —the high
er civilization which should come
as a result of the fearful sacrifice
of ttje world war.
“This request is being made in
behalf of the various associations
of America who have signed the in
closed call for the convention in
Washington on October 12 and 13.
“Assuring you that your attention
and reply will be highly appreciated,
I remain,
“Respectfully,
“J. S. WANNAMAKER,
“President American Cotton Associa
Winter Grazing Crops
Will Be Planted After
Peanuts Are Harvested
, According to the monthly bulletin,
published by the information depart
ment of the Southeastern Peanut as
sociation, the- picking of white Span
ish peanuts is in full swing and big
crops are being harvested. Many of
the farmers are planning to plant a
crop of oats or rye on the land from
which the peanuts have been'harvest
ed and by this method raise a good
green grazing crop.
In a large section of the peanut
territory the hog industry is devel
oping rapidly, the association says,
but in order to make this industry
profitable winter grazing crops are
essential. Where early peanuts are
harvested it is claimed there* is no
excuse for the lack of. green grazing,
and the wise farmer plants for winter
pasture.
The feeding of peanut meal to hogs
is urged by the association. Many
farmers are learning that in order to
make money on their hogs they must
supply them with a balanced ration
of feed the year round, and the as-
this consists in loaning to a settler
money from state funds for 36 years
at 5 per cent, levelling his land, and
encouraging him by scientific advice
and aid to improve his allotment,
usually about forty to sixty acres.
“The Mondell bill for soldier land
settlement is on the shelf and\ the
Smoot bill is unsatisfactory,” said
Dr. Mead. “It looks like Uncle Sam
is going to leave whatever land set
tlements we are to have up to the
states.
“It is gratifying that they are
taking it up, for the only thing that
will save America from food short
age is to get our own people back
to the land. This must be done
scientifically, and with the backing
of the government.”
SWEET POTATOES
WILL BE STORED
AT FITZGERALD
FITZGERALD,. Ga., Oct. B.—Ben
Hill county farmers, through the
county farm bureau federation, will
cure and store sweet potatoes on a
qo-operative basis this year, and also
will hold a series of co-operative
livestock sales, according to a pro
gram of activity prepared by a com
mittee named at the last meeting of
the county advisory council.
At the meeting, Marlon Dickson,
proprietor of the Dixie Stock Farm,
was elected chairman; Mrs. S. M.
Whitchard, large truck farm operat
or, vice chairman, and C. T. Owens,
county agent, secrtary. The finance
committee, which has made arrange
ments for carrying out the cd-oper
ative program, is Wesley R. Walker,
chairman; J. Horton Taylor, Mrs. R.
L. Stone, and C. T. Owens, ex-officio.
The Lon Dickey tobacco warehouse,
the largest in the new south Georgia
tobacco region, will be used fpr cur
ing of the advisory council Thurs
the price rises from its usual low
fall rate, sixty cents now,' to the
usual rate of $1.60 per bushel in the
spring. Expert market men will be
employed through the bureau to pre
pare the county’s production of about
200,000 bushels for market and to
sell them on a co-operative basis
Stock yard and sales equipment has
been leased for the series of live
stock sales to be conducted on a co
opferative plan.
The details of the program for the
year were closed at a special meet
ing of the. advistory council Thurs
day morning, at the county court
house.
T.-.e last meeting of the council
was opened with an address by M. C.
Gay, marketing expert of the Atlanta
Chamber of Commerce and the State
College of Agriculture. He stressed
the need of the farmers for co-oper
ation now as never before in the
history of Georgia and the south.
Demonstration Agent
Home demonstration work under
the extension program of the State
College of Agriculture will again be
introduced into Ben Hill county
homes through/ co-operation of the
county commission on roads and rev
enues and county school board with
the Fitzgerald Fair association, Fitz
gerald Chamber of Commerce and
Ben Hill County Farm Bureau Fed
eration.
Following a meeting of the board
of education, when Miss Georgia
Crews, district ggent, spoke, and the
board appropriated S3OO of the $1,250
needed to supplement the federal ap
propriation for the work, officials of
the four other bodies interested them
selves in the proposition. The county
has not had a home demonstration
agent since the war started. C. T.
Owens is farm demonstration agent
Bonded Warehouse Planned
One of the first bonded cotton ware
houses to be erected by a farmers’
organization under the provisions of
the new state law concerning co-,
operative enterprises, will be built in
time to handle the next year’s crop
by the Ashton bureau of the Ben
Hill County Farm Bureau associa
tion, it was stated by Former Rep
resentative Wesley R. Walker, chair
man.
The farmers will incorporate under
state and federal laws and during
the next year build the bonded ware
house and a sweet potato curing and
storage house in conjunction. The
program of the bureau for the fol
lowing year includes a grain ele
vator and stock yards.
Muskrat Farming
Muskrat farming has given for
merly worthless Maryland marsh
land a value of $35 to S4O an acre,
the United States department of
agriculture finds, in addition to the
hides the carcasses are sold at 25 to
30 cents apiece for meat. They are
considered a delicacy in some ho
tels.
sociation says that in order to do
this peanut meal should be used.
With the present outlook of the pea
nut market it is probable that a con
siderable amount of peanut meal will
be manufactured this season.
In referring to the necessity of a
tariff on peanuts and oil, the asso
ciation bulletin calls attention to the
department of commerce report for
the year ending June 30, 1920, show
ing an importation of peanut oil to
the amount of 22,064,363 gallons.
Since that time, it is said, importa
tions from Japan from July 1 to Sep
tember 18 are 8,264,845 gallons. The
import of peanuts during the same
time was 132,412,423 pounds.
THUHM/AY, OCTOBER 11, l»20.
Uticle Sam Nets Millions
From the Fur Industry;
His Example Is Excellent
(This is the second installment of
a special article telling of the
chances for making money out of
furs at a time when great scarcity
and demand are the rule. The third,
and final, installment will appear in
next Friday’s issue of The Tri-
Weekly Journal.)
The biological survey cites the
case’ of one man who bought a mink
lined coat complete in 1913 for $500;
after wearing the coat two years he
sold the lining for $1,090 and re
placed it with nutria at a cost, of
$150; in 1917 he sold the nutria lin
ing for $250 and put in a muskrat
lining at a cost of $55; in 1919
he sold the muskrat lining for S3OO
and still has the shell of the coat
and a clear profit of $845. Two boys
near. Ottawa, 111., sold SI,OOO worth
of muskrat, shunk and. mink skinsi
during the winter of 1920. Alas
kan trappers in 1918 sold furs valued
at $1,363,600. Skunk skins are esti
mated to have brought $1,000,900 to
New York state trappers in a single
year.
A fact not generally known is that
FARMERS MUST
IMPROVE SOIL BY
PROPER DRAINAGE
Editor Atlanta Journal: In, a re
cent issue of The Journal appeared
a very interesting interview which
one of your enterprising re
porters elicited from Judge Newt
Morris, of Cobb county, on the
drainage of land with a view to mak
ing it, in the best sense of the
term, “farming land.”
Judge Morris spoke by the card,
for he had a large tract of land,
previously unavailable for farming,
brought into a high productive con
dition by systematic drainage.
There are many subjects to which
farmers should give close personal
attention in these days so full of ap
peals for better results with all
crops. Os all those compelling sub
jects, there is not one that is supe
rior ip importance to bringing into
use, with infinitely better re
sults, land now under plough, and a
large acreage impossible of cultiva
tion because water-logged or near
ly so.
This is far from being a new
farm topic. The practice has been
recognized and the necessity for soil
drainage conceded. Farmers have
been energetically endeavoring to
drain their land. They have had
farms and plantations ditched from
onc» end to the other. The open
ditches lost to the owner of the land
much valuable: space; then there is
the annual expense of cutting weeds
and brush from the sides of the
ditches, and the additional expense
incident to cleaning out the ditches.
Others constructed blind ditches i. e„
an under-drain plan which called for
surfacing the bottom of the ditch
with rocks, then covering with what
might be termed a rough arch
made of twelve-inch boards. The
almost universal rule was that the
work was done without sugges
tion. much less the personal pres
ence, of a capable surveyor. Result,
as a rule: The object in view was
not accomplished..
The economical policy to adopt
and put into practice is to have a
skilled drainage engineer come and
look over the land and make a pre
liminary survey so the probable
cost of the proposed work can be ar
rived at.
I have had work of that kind done,
so I am somewhat familiar with the
cost and the highly beneficial results
that cam eof it. Skilled drainage,
more particularly tile-drainage, in
variably tells a golden story.
Are Object liessohs /
A number of years ago, Mr. Peter
Henderson, of New York, seed pro
ducer and seedsman, deterjnined to
drive over to one of his neighbors for
an hour’s business chat. Within a
distance of one of his exten
sive seed farms was a
to 150 acres. At the big gate *<sf. that
farm, he noticed a young man who
seemed to be the tenant in posses
sion. He drove up to the gate, and.
saluting the young man, t inquired
whether he had purchased or rented
the farm. The young man said he
had rented with a view to purchase
He, stated the terms offreed him by
the owner. They were liberal. Mr.
Henderson asked why he did not
close in with the offer. The young
man, pointing to a broad meadow,
replied: “That is my objection to
the place. I can not brijig that piece
of land ihto cultivation.”
Mr. Henderson;remarked that that
difficulty could be easily disposed of.
He bade the young man to be on the
lookout for him inside of an hour
or so. When he returned, he yalked
and inspected the meadow. He
had the young man get in his buggy.
They drove to the Henderson farm.
A piece of land was pointed out, and
Mr. Henderson asked the young man
how the land looked to him. He re
plied “Just splendid.” Mr. Hender
son said: “This land was a meadow
exactly like the one over at the
farm you have rented- I had it tile
drained under the personal direction
of a drainage engineer. It is the
very best piece of land on this large
body of very superior land.
The young man said he was con
vinced, and would borrow the money,
if necessary, to have the work done
at once. Mr. Henderson advised him
to call on the owner of the farm
and close the purchase deal immedi
ately. That was done, the meadow
was drained, and the young man soon
had one of the best farms in all that
region of country.
Indulge me, if you please. This
subject is so far-reaching in its im
portance,’ I wish to acquaint your
readers U’ith a number of cases in
which systematic drainage proved to
be of exceeding great value.
A field in the black prairie belt of
Alabama had not been cultivated in
years because too w r et. It was’ tile
drained. Thereupon, it produced one
bale of cotton per acre, and repaid
the entire cost of the work the first
The following year, the field
yielded fifty bushels of corn per
acre—twice the quantity produced on
Down come
our prices
S/ioerUnaenrearAbswv
We Lead the Fight
Against Profiteers
Order fired from ui. Ourvalue* defy competition.
We rurulM to zzve you money. Our prices are
almost as low as whalesale. We deliver all roods
FREE to your door. Your money will be refunded
instantly if youare not satisfied with your purchase.
I BIG
£ book
Write for this new illu- \ \ -V’
strated Fall and Winter \ w.H
Big Bargain Book. It’s \
crammed full of barrains \
which have no equal. I
A postcard wdll brinr It to \
you at once—FREE!--POST- \
™ D * ’ a WWSS®
Dea’t bay . thlag for year
self or family watil yea get
our bargain book aad compere oar prices.
Gilbert Bros.
PEPT B NASHVILLB, TENN.
the United States government real
izes millions of dollars annually
from its fur industry. The sealskins
taken on the Pribilof Islands by the
bureau of fisheries in 1919, to the
number of 27,821, were worth nearly
$4,000,000. From these islands the
same year the government harvest
ed 938 blue foxes, with nelts worth
$165,000. The skins of bears, bob
cats, coyotes, mountain lions, and
timber wolves killed by predatory
animal hunters of the biological
survey in 1918 and 1919 brought
nearly $160,000.
In the resultant stimulation of the
fur garment trade the department
foresees an intensified pressu”- on
fur-bearing animals, which '•>£/e been
rapidly decreasing in number as a
result of excessive trapping, clearing
of forests, and draining of marshes.
Already beavers and martens have
been exterminated''over a large part
of the country. Even in Alaska,
trappers have had a close season of
several years declared for the pro
tection of beavers.
(To Be Continued)
other seemingly better portions of
the farm.
The cost of tile-drainage averages
$25 per acre; some as hight as S3O
- per acre, but the increase in crop
yield, annually, is from 50 to 200
per cent.
"■ln lowa, a field of 40 acres, too
wet for planting, was tile-drained
at a cost of $24 per acre. Thereafter,
it .produced sixty busheK of corn
per acre.
In the Piedmont 8601101? of North
Carolina, a 55-acre farm was pur
chased, in 1908, for $1,900. Ditch
ing was begun the first year. The
land was tile-drained the next year.
In 1913, the crops produced were
valued at $2,000. In 1914, the owner
refused $5,000 for the farm.
The immediate effdet of tile-drain
age is to dry and warm the soil. It
greatly improves the structure of
the land. To drain land is to give
to plans deeper feeding ground.
There are bodies of land which can
never be brought into cultivation. In
number of acres, however, such
Waste land is negligible.
Savingly to interest the people of
Georgia in the supreme importance
and drainage, tile-drainage, would
be to increase crop production, year
by year, 200 to 500 per cent. The
history of tileldrainage, in particu
lar, makes the foregoing statement
thoroughly conservative.
Respectfully,
h MARTIN V. CALVIN,
Statistician ba. Dept. ,of Agriculture.
October 6.
Growers
li H S L° f K grOW ) ers of pUre sor £hum
seed has been issued this year by
the Kansas state agricultural ex
periment station at Manhattan, sup
plementing similar lists which ha<>
been published in the past on wheat
corn and other principal cereal crops’.
The list is made from field inspec
tion and enables farmers to tell Siie
exact grade of sorghum or percent
age of mixture with other varieties
which is to be obtained from anv
er -. This servlce has bTen of
great advantage to the farmers of
trie stELte. j
The Foresters
lo °ko u ts lead lonesome
but -£ ot devoid of excitement,
nf ln the Shasta region
etn£ al J Orn 4’ recen tly, the United
States department of agriculture for
est service is advised, lightning
sonr C fn f the J, ook «ut station, tore a
four-foot hole in the wall and
mYn ne tr the lookout - J- S. McClem
r«cover ed just in time to
TMHv th flv house and »his own life.
Thirty-five lightning fires
caused in that vicinity the same day.
Saving jCotton"DuFk
of . cotton duck, Used for pro
tecting farm machinery, sacked
mav n ’mJ larke i t fruits » fte, d crops, etc.,
made be P rolon S e d and the cloth
made more serviceable by simnle
methods of water-proofing and mil
dew-proofing worked out by the
United States department of agricul
ture.
We want you to see the Dixie Razor and try it thoroughly. After trial if yon want to keep it send ;
ns $1.95 and we will send yon a line SI.OO razor hone free. If you don’t want it return to us. Fill
out blank below and mail to us. The razor will be sent you Ly return tn til.
DIXIE MANUFACTURING CO., UNION CITY, GEORGIA
Send me a Dixie Razor on consignment for 10 DAYS FREE TRIAL. It satisfactory I will
send you special factory price of $1.95. If for any reason Ido not want it I will return it to you
at tho end of ten days. If I keep razor and pay for it promptly you are to send me a FINE SI.OO
RAZOR hone free.
7
NAME
. I
P. JJ.,....*5TATE....R.F.D4. I
Bin i nil ■' i ■ if
—- - i , -
big cufHW priceT
FOR A FEW DAYS ONLY
Write today for catalog and special cut prices
B. W. MIDDLEBROOKS BUGGY CO.
100 Main Street Barnesvllle/Ga.
BWIk z/Lia SAVED |“I am ■
A $20.00, [pleas- |
KMHLa A ed and H
BBtaJsSSMA it satisfied;’’write*Mr.M.Catlialf, ffl
I Sr., Zs Cleola, Ga. “My barn I*
W 30x40. which/nade a nice barn. Had no
A ™ trouble (in putting Roofing on. I saved
$20.00 by ordering from you.”
rp Jp ISnv |lf you are getting ready to build or fix
tJ?.—tty ... Jup your old House Barns Cribs or
dUx Shelters it will pay you to get this Free Book For it
shows New Ways How—little cost—you can build
ROOFINC
DIRECT TO YOU FIREPROOF EASYTO PUTON
Guaranteed For- 20 Years
| ’'Everwear” Roofing is Fire- OFFER iGetyourroofingnow. E
CANT RUST j p roo f. Can’t rust. Easy to nail SAVES YOU MONEY j While prices are low I
on. Can be used on new buildings or nailed We sell direct to you—Pay the freight and I
right over old, wood shingles—quick and ship quick. Be your own merchant and I
ea' . Comes in big wide pieces. Galva- keep in your own pocket the profit the J
nized Nails. Roofing Hammer a d Metal dealer would get. WRITE TO-DAY. ffi
Cutting Shears furnished with TTAft EVERY Your name and address on ■ postal brings S
every order, large or small. | BUILDING F ree Samples and r pRtE SAMPLES G
SWNGLEPATrERNI“^ vcrwe "” 3s Roofing Book. | TO TEST S
house, or plain as shown on barn. W Also Savannah Fence & Ming Co,
sS TJS" ” d I Oepl. J Sanannah, Ba. |
Send No Money
Don’t mias this chance to cut your tire cost KfirC [/
50% and more. We shijf at once on ap- Aagz* '
proval. Theso ate standard, make used I j
tires, excellent condition, selected by out I >
experts—rebuilt by expert workmanship! I
Can readily be guaranteed for 6000 mileßL
NOTE:The»o are not sewed togeth-
er tires—known as double treads. k'
30x3 .$5.50..51.60 34x4 .$ 8.75.,52.60\53>
30x354. 6.50.. 1.75 34x454. 10.00.. 3.00/SSC
31x354 . 0.75.. 1.85 85x454. 11.00.. 3.lsK®>
32x354 . 7.00.. 2.00 36x454. 11.50.. 3.40KP50
31x4 . 8.00.. 2.25 35x5 . 12.50.. 8.50 I
32x4 . 8.25.. 2.40 36x5 12.75.. 3.65 ll
33x4 . 8.50.. 2.50 87x5 . 12.75.. 3.75 WFL .\l
RemeHibw, we guarantee \\
nncifc perfect satisfactlbn. F«x only /W/ \\
on arrival. Examine and judge for your-\\
■elf. If not satisfied—send them back atkwftZ V
our expense. We will refund your money\
without question. Be sure to state size ’
wanted— Clincher, S. S., Non-Skid, Plain. \Npjr-7
CLEVELAND TIRE AND RUBBER CO.
311 . o Michigan Avenue Chicago, Hl
GENUINE
C»«.. BARNESVILLE
y; B 7
BEST
buggy
MADE!
Direct from largest and
best buggy factory in S
South to you at lowest ffig j
wholesale cost. The only i
buggy warranted on any
road under anv load. We
tave you big money. WlnSflb
“I have a buggy bought of Kr SKmm
you 19 or 20 years ago. It has ’ fIWM
been in pretty constant use KB '
all this time and the last three
years I have used it on a mail
route.' J H MULLIS, SR., JH K
Cochran, Georgia. p
Write sot tree catalog of x&j / A
Buggies and Harness pl I I /
BARNESVILLE BUGGY CO. / /
Box 200 I I (I
BARNESVILLE, GA. M W
SEND Z- CATALOG
RIFLES, REVOLVERS, FISHINC
TACKLE AND SPORTING GOOD*
INCORPORATEb
F 313 w.Market. LOUISVILLEE
PEACH & APPLE
AT BARGAIN PRICE
i I TO planters
Small or Large Lota by Kxprew. I »r Paredl Po«
Pear Plum. Cherry. Berriee. Grapea. Nut« bhsde an
Ornamental Treca. Vines and fab™® l
I TENN. NURSERY CO.. CLEVELAND. TEN*
n fi iri 1 iIC-I-I 1 r-
SEfSoNS
Don’t miss thia chance to cut your
tire cost in half. Our standard make JPcN 4® ‘.l
Rebuilt Tires in excellent condition AEJ
celected by our experts are guaran- rs£H I
teed for 6,000 miles or more. We K*-:"
Ship at onco on approval. Don’t Hlßl’
send any money. Just your name ItK;
brings tires. NOTE. These are
not two tires sewed togjthar. ,
Prices Smashed
Size Tires Tubes Size Tiraa Tubes | J Ku
28x3 $ 5.85 $1760 84x4 $10.90 $2.85 I jgg I
80x3 6.45 1.70 33x414 11.25 2.95 I XYC SK. .
10x814 6.95 1.95 84x414 11.50 3.10 | gs
32x814 7.85 2.15 36x4)4 12.96 3.25 BPi
31x4 8.95 2.45 80x414 13.25 3.35 ftrs. El-'-
32x4 9.95 265 35x5 13.45 3.45 OOC HI-.
33x4 10.45 2.75 37x5 13.65 8.65 Effl. 1 /
SEND NOW I
Just your name and size of tires W;/
wanted. No money in advance. V* '
Pay only on arrival. Examine and vZ'
judge for yourself. If not satisfied j/
return them at our expense and your
money refunded.
MITCHELL TIRE & RUBBER CO.
115 East 3Sth Street Dept. 287 Chiaage, n)