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6 NEWS AND VIEWS FOR THE PROGRESSIVE FARMER “Inland Farmer” Editor i Outlines His Theory on Why Prices Are Low The daily papes ecrently carried a news item reporting the findings of a committee appointed to study the price situation in regard to agri cultural products. It seems that this committee was appointed during a conference of agricultural workers held at Washington a few weeks ago. The report blames the Fed eral reserve banking system for the fall in prices. It says: "It (the reserve system) has arbitrarily withheld from assisting the basic industry of this country to maintain a level of prices that at least meets the cost of production. It is -wrong, as a matter of policy, artificially to press down prices of commodities, and it is particularly wrong to be gin with the raw commodities, for such a program ineviably forces up on the producer the heaviest bur den of reconstruction and readjust ment. Restriction of credits, rais ing the rate of discount on farm products and discontinuance of the war finance committee are the causes of the present situation.” Os course, this committee was ex pected to fix the blame somewhee and it undoubtedlv did the best it could. It is pretty difficult to make an intelligent man believe, howevdr, that the action taken by the Fed eral Reserve banks to check specu lation and extravagance was a mis take. If any mistake was made, it was in waiting too long to begin. Undoubtedly legitimate dealers in grain found less difficulty in get ting the necessary financial aid than any other class of people. Just how the federal reserve banks could pro ceed in their plan to check reckless spending without its affecting prices of agricultural products a« well as those of other products Is also difficult to understand: Judg ing by the report, the members of this committee believe that noth ing should have been done to stop inflation. Probably they think it woultT" have been best to let things drift until a panic occurred. Panics are such pleasant affairs. We also wonder who would bear the burdens of reconstruction if not the pro ducers. Finally it is our under standing that the reserve banks found it absolutely necessary to re strict credits in order to maintain an adequate erserve. Senator Capper, of Kansas, recent ly gave to the press a statement in which he says gambling in grain on the Chicago board of trade is re i.ponsible for all the trouble. Os course, this is "old stuff.” Grain ex changes do not determine prices, as any well-informed man knows. They may be an evil, but if they are abol ished, some other system of regu lating the grain trade of the coun try and keeping it stabilized will have to be established. The farmers of this country are dismayed at the slump in prices of farm products. Such a severe de cline was not expected. At present prices may face great financial loss and there are .few indeed who‘will realize much profit from the year’s work. It does seem outrageously un fair that such a large share of the losses incident to reconstruction should fall upon the agriculture of this country. It is depressing and discouraging in the extreme. Farm ers can not be blamed for feeling bitter and disgruntled. It is human nature under such circumstances to -■believe that the low prices are the result of deliberate manipulation up on the part of some group of men or some public or private institu tion, and they are not wanting men to encourage such a belief. The plain facts in the case are that there is not sufficient world demand for farm products to take the large produc tion of this year at high prices. The action of the federal reserve banks, or the activities of the Chicago board of trade, or any other institution had about as much effect upon es tablishing prices of farm products as the moon has upon the weather. Let a few big orders for grain and meats come from Europe and we will see an immediate upturn of .prices. Let the demand continue and good prices are assured. The situation is a very serious one for 'farmers —indeed it is disastrous, but there is no advant- The Tri-Weekly Journal’s FREE FRUIT COLLECTION 12 —Guaranteed, Pedigreed Plants —12 6 —Popular, Standard Varieties —6 FREE with ONE YEAR’S SUBSCRIPTION to The Atlanta Tri- Weekly Journal. » Think of it! A Start for % HOME ORCHARD. One Snow Apple Tree; One Kief fer Pear Tree; Four Improved Lucretia Dewberry Bushes; Two -Concord Gape Vines (Blue); Two Niagara Grape Vines (White; Two Delaware Grape Vines (Red). Every jflant PEDIGREED. Every plant GUARANTEED! You get the WHOLE COLLECTION —FREE—with One subscription to The Tri-Weekly Journal at the regular price of $1.50 a year. This offer is too good to last! Send your subscription NOW! Description of High-Grade Plants. Full directions, illustrated, wrapped' in each pack age. Any of these Selected plants that do not grow to YOUR satisfaction will be RE PLACED, absolutely WITHOUT CHARGE. Two Niagara Grape, Two Concord Grape, Two Delaware Grape, White Blue Red fllll liilfy Immense elusters of delicious, j, blue or purple grape • waxy-white grapes. Remarkably grown, and the universal favorite. large, well-shculdered, compact sweet nnd juicy. Good for wine, Mere Concords are grown and sold bunches of bright red, beautifully preserves or jelly. In flavor it much ev»ry year than all other varieties flavored grapes. Makes jelly or resembles the Concord. A prolific on account of its wonderful quality! grape juice of fnest flavor and bearer. arcina. One Kieffer Pear < Four Improved Lucretia O ne Snow Apple B Dewberry Large, angular, and slightly ir- Vines covered every summer with Deep rod skin, almost black. Pure regular in shape, this old variety is immense clusters of big, sweet bet- • white flesh of peculiar rich flavor, the standard winter pear every- ties. Rich, winey flavor. Very Very sweet and juicy. Bears big where. Dark green. A splendid juicy. Individual iruits average 114 I crops at an early age. A Russian keener, at its best in late winter. inch long and an : neh through. I variety and very hardy. CLIP COUPON ON DOTTED LINE AND MAIL TODAY Atlanta Tri-Weekly Journal, Atlanta, Ga.: , Enclosed find $1.50. Send me The Tri-Weekly Journal for ONE FULL YEAR. Also I send me your FRUIT COLLECTION, FREE, as per above offer. ■ 1 Name > I ‘ ' I I Postoffice Slate R. F. D. No I THE ATLANTA TRI-WEEKLY JOURNAL. How Many Dollars Does This Loss Mean To U. S. Farmers? Here are some of the losses to American farmers in the United States in one year by plant dis eases which might have been pre vented if known control measures had been immediately applied: Wheat, 112,000,000 bushels: oats, 50,000,000 bushels; corn. 80,000,- 000 bushels; potatoes, 50,000.000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 40,000,- 000 bushels (two-fifths of the to tal crop; tomatoes, 185,000 tons; cotton. 850,000 bales; peaches, 5,- 000,000 bushels; apples, 16,000,- 000 bushels. The figures were compiled for the year 1919 by the Plant Disease Survey of the Bu reau of Plant Industdy, United States department of agriculture. Purebred Live Stock Has Been Profitable For Florida Ranchman One of the most important live stock developments in Florida is the 10,000-acre ranch owned by E. E. Goodno, Labelle, says a bulletin is sued by the Florida Agricultural col lege. Mr. Goodno has recently sold to a stock raiser at Moore Haven several hundred grade yearlings. These yearlings will be fed out on the Benbow farm at Moore Haven. In company with County Agent H. E. Stevens, A. P. Spencer, vice direc tor of agricultural extension, visited the Goodno ranch recently. Mr. Goodno’s -enthusiasm for good live stock has induced him to make en tensive purchases of purebred sires to improve his herds and flocks. His first purchase consisted of Galloway and Angus bulls to cross on the na tive stock. Later he secured pure bred Angora to improve his flock of goats. His most recent purchase was three purebred Hampshire rams, which cost about SIOO each. His stock on the range have godd size and quality and show the effect of grading up by means of purebred sires. All of Mr. Goodno’s ranch is under good fence. He has spent many thousands of dollars in fencing, ditching and general improvements. He now has an abundance of excel lent pasture grasses, and nearly all of his animals are fat enough to slaughter. Lee county is proud of Mr. Good no’s achievements, and his ranch is one of the show places of that coun ty. Mr. Goodno has been a staunch supporter of every agricultural movement for the benefit of his county, and the results of his efforts are now being duly appreciated. Apple Market Facts Information secured from apple market investigations by the United States department of agriculture in dicates that relatively low prices in laijge crop years in the beginning of the season make for quick movement and rapid consumption, with the nat ural result of better season averages; that marketing of inferior grades along with good fruit in large crop years is not profitable; that the ef fective operation of grade and pack age laws may be counted upon to aid in stabilizing apple markets. age in trying to mislead as to the real cause. Europe could use more of our farm products and if the money or credit were available, undoubtedly would, Eut -we can hardly expect to sell great quantities unless some way of extending credit can be worked out by our government.—Editorial from the Inland Farmer. AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION BY DR. ANDREW M. SOULE Marketing Crops Co-operatively In this day and time we hear a great deal about co-operation. Some times I fear that the word is not properly understood and appreciated. Co-operation, I take it, means the banding together of a group of peo ple having similar interests for the purpose of promoting and advanc ing those interests. It means, there fore, that the general good of the organization, community or group of individuals concerned is the first point to be considered and studied. It means that a general line of pol icy must be , determined ' upon and followed out. It surely requires the submergence of individual opinions and ideas to the good of the mem bership which may be concerned. One cannot expect to maintain all his individualistic and independent ideas and notions and be an asset fb a co-operative society. Most of the co-operative organizations that have failed have done so because of the insistence of some of the members of a given group on exercising an indi vidual control over the affairs of the association. There has been too much of the idea of rule or ruin in jected into many of these organiza tions, and before we can hope to make any progress in the matter of co-operative marketing, it is first necessary to realize just what co-op eration means and be prepared to work solely for the good of the or ganization. The farmer is more concerned with co-operatipn than any other class of our citizens. Each farm is an in dividual unit with an independent organization. The farmer, as a rule, pitches the crops on the farm on the basis of his own idea as to what should be planted without making any effort to determine especially what the market demands or re quirements may be. At harvest time he has a large variety of products of a more or less perishable nature on his hands. His labor is expected to supply the needs of the world for a period of twelve months. How can all the great assortment of food stuffs he has raised be quickly har vested, wisely distributed and prop erly stored? This has become daily a more and more vexatious problem as our civilization has increased in its complexity. At the present time we find the farmer very often \ with abundant harvests at his disposal confronted by unprofitable prices. Occasionally, he is not offered enough for his crops to enable him to pay his expenses. In the face of this strange condi tion, there is a demand throughout the world for a greater supply of the farmer to garner and store his crops after he had harvested and assorted them and place them on the market in accordance' with the needs of the world, this condition would be immediately changed and agri culture become one of our most per manent and desirable vocations. The great question confronting us, therefore, is how to induce our farmers to co-operate successfully and on a national and world-wide basis so that they may receive a just price for the products of their labor and be able to supply the need of foreign countries at a cost which will not prove either oppressive or prohibitive to the average citizen. Only through great co-operative or ganizations with plenty of capital and warehouses at their command can we hope to solve the present problem by which our agricultural industry is confronted. The success ful storage and marketing of farm crops, therefore, is the crucial question of the day and hour and the one for which we must find a satisfactory solution if permanent prosperity and continued production on the basis of the world’s needs are to be maintained. Under the cir cumstances, it is always desirable to consider what has been accom plished in the past. We are not al together without precedents on which to build, and while only a small beginning has been made in this country, it is very gratifying to know that (here are fourteen thousand farm organizations in ex istence in the United States which shows that our farmers are making some progress in the matter of or ganizing and maintaining buying and selling associations. It is clear that the progress already made has blaz ed out trails which may be follow ed successfully by *many other farmers' that if this large number of organi zations have already succeeded that it is only a matter of time before all farmers who establish co-opera tive marketing enterprises may be able to participate in the benefits which have already been secured by the large number of organizations indicated above. Some suggestions, therefore, as to how co-operative marketing might be organized and promoted will no doubt be welcomed at this time. It is self-evident in the beginning that the individual operator can do lit tle on his own account. His capacity for production is limited even though he operates on the most ex tensive scale. At best he will raise only a relatively small amount of corn, cotton, tobacco or potatoes. On the other hand, the two or three thousand farmers who live in the same county in which he resides may grow thousands of carloads of these same articles in the aggregate. Hence, the first thing to undertake in a given community is the or ganization of the output in accord ance with the demand of 'he mar ket. Farmers have sometimes thought that purchasers should buy anything they had to sell no mat ter in what condition it might be presented to the trade. Business has never been created or promoted by this method. The merchant and manufacturer strive through a study of their constituencies to determine what their needs and requirements may be and then endeavor to sup ply those needs in such an attrac tive and alluring manner as to in duce the pu-chaser to buy more largely than his needs justify. In some communities the peopi* £.“ e a red potato, in others a white potato. Some manufacturers require one grade of cotton and some' an other. Various grades of tobacco are used and distributed according to sectional requirements. The first thing, therefore, before the farmers can co-operate is to find out the needs of the markets which are to be supplied and then gruw and standardize the output In accord ance with the requirements of the markets in question. The crops thus raised should then be distributed gradually in accordance with the needs and requirements of the trade. Through the agency of this plan, a plentiful supply of raw raa.er.als and foods can be insured to all parts of the country without glut ting the market. By this airange ment people are uniformly supplied at a reasonable cost with what they need and most desire and the farm er Is kept out of bankruptcy by reason of the fact that he ootains a fair price for his crops. After having determined upon the commodities that can be grown to the best advantage in a given com munity and arranged for the stand ardization of the output, the next thing is to provide for the packing of the ouput on a community basis. This will call for the establishment of an assorting and storage ware house. This should be built through the attainment of a large number of subscriptions from the individual farmers who will be in the lon„ run the stockholders of the concern. When thi£ is done, a business manager or capacity and ability must be secured. There is a notion that almost anyone can do this and that expert leadership along this line can be obtained at a very small salary. Both of these conclusions are sadly in error. Brains and capacity are still at a premium in spite of all the people there are. in the world. Business men. of abil ity are very scarce, and they can only be secured at relatively large sal aries. Nevertheless, the farmers in a co-operative organization can af ford to pay well for service of this character. For the addition for in stance, of only one-fourth of a, cent per pound to the sale P r ! _°X t l® cotton in a county in which 15,000 to 30.000 bales are raised would pay the farmers a handsome dividend and provide for a very handsome salary for the managing director. Afetr the warehouse has been erected and organized, then « Is necessary to secure market informa tion Two kinds of data are desir able. First of all, the probable needs of the world along certain lines should be discovered and analyzed, and then a planting program setup for the community, the state and the nation. At harvesting time the crop ma»- be under or over the anticipated world needs. In such an event. It is equally desirable to determine the probable consuming capacity of not only the local market but of state and national markets and the mar kets of the world as well. To this end, it will be necessary for the co operative organization through its manager to associate itself with stat® and national market bureaus estab lished for the purpose of gathering, collating and supplying information of the character indicated to such or ganizations. When this is done the agriculture of the country and of the world can be put on a thoroughly constructive basis and a safe ana sane policv of farm production instituted and maintained. Just in proportion as we succeed in carrying into effect these fundamental problems will we solve those varied and difficult ques tions which now confront the prog ress of our agriculture and at times threatens to disrupt the continued production of food and raw materials in sufficient variety and quality to meet the requirements of the world. Feeding Bearing Fecan Trees ’j. J., Valdosta, Ga., writes: I would like to know' the best method of fertilizing bearing, pe can trees, about ten years old. Kindly tell me the analysis of fertlizer to use ancL the amount per tree. Does it matter much as to what source the ammonia is derived? Various formulas may be used for fertilizing pecan tiees. Some varia tion in the composition of the fer tilizer should be made according to the soil type on which the tree is growing. I imagine your trees are either growing on the Tifton sandy loam or on what is known as the Norfolk soil series. The Tifton sandy loam is the red pebble land of south Georgia and the Norfolk series is the type of soil on which sea island cotton was chiefly grown before the adverU of the boll weevil. Our idea •would* be to use not less than 10 per cent of phosphoric acid on either of these soil types. Four per cent of nitrogen should be used on the Tifton sandy loam and 5 per cent on the Norfolk series. We are inclined to think that 5 per cent of potash is the minimum amount you should use on either of these soil types. Possibly 6 or 7 per cent can be used with profit on the lighter soils. Our plan of fertilizing pecan trees has been to proceed as fol lows: Put the fertilizer out relatively early in the spring, shortly in ad vance of the time when the buds be gin to swell and develop. We scat ter it broadcast around the trees, keeping it well away, of course, from the boll. In the case of a few trees, this may be done by hand, and the fertilizer may be plowed or raked into the soil. On a large orchard we would prefer to incorporate the fer tilizer by means of a disc harrow. We fertilize at the rate of ten to twenty pounds per tree, depending upon the size and age of the orchard. We should think that ten pounds would be little enough to use on trees of the size you describe. If the trees are small and backward and the leaves not a bright and vigorous green in color when they first ap pear in the spring, we would be dis posed to use a little more fertilizer, say fifteen pounds per acre. Any of the standard carriers of plant food may be used with advantage in fertilizing pecan trees. Since you expect the fertlizer used to serve the needs of the trees for a consid erable period of time, it would be just as well to use an organic car rier of nitrogen or ammonia. Or you may supply half of the nitrogen from an organic source and half from an inorganic. The two chief carriers of inorganic nitrogen are sulphate of ammonia and nitrate of soda. Either one of these may be used with impunity in a mixture prepared for fertilizer for pecans. Good organic sources of nitrogen are ; cottonseed meal, fish scrap,- blood or tankage. Cotton Seed Versus Commercial Fertilizer E. J. 8., Little Rock, Ark., writes: Given a price of $30.00 per ton for cotton seed what would be the approximate ferti lizing value for a tone of 10-2-2 commercial fertilizer? Also at 'this price for seed what would be the relative feeding value of a ton of mixed feed consisting of eighty per cent of hulls and twenty per cent of meal, the meal being worth $45.00 per ton and the hulls $8.00? A ton of cotton seed contains air proximately 62.4 pounds of nitrogen, 30 pounds of phosphoric acid and 30 pounds of potash. Commercial nitro gen can, we think, now be bought in car load lots at around 22c per pound of available plant food. Available phosphoric acid will cost approxi mately 7c. The value to place on potash is difficult to determine, but 25c per pound of available plant food does not seem unduly high under ex isting conditions. Applying these figures to the fertilizer content of cotton seed, we find that a ton of cotton seed would contain plant food constituents worth approximately $23.32. With these figures in hand, it should be easy to determine whether cotton seed will prove cheap er and more serviceable if used as a fertilizer than sold to the oil mill. A ton of cot'ton seed is not well bal anced as to food constitutents. You will note that it contains about 3 per cent of nitrogen with only 1 1-2 per cent of phosphoric acid and potash. To improve it in this re spect, one would’ need to apply it in association with acid phosphate and some addition potash. Our experience and observation has never led us to believe that cotton seed by itself was an economical or satisfactory fertilizer. Moreover, the oil it con tains is not of any value as plant food, but rather a detriment to 'the, soil. Personally, we would prefer' to exchange our cotton seed on best basis possible, take the meal thus secured and feed it and then re turn the resulting manure to the soil. This will insure the farmer re ceiving the largest possible return for his seed under existing condi tions. Cottonseed hulls have a feeding value about equivalent to a low grade of mixed hay or possibly a poor grade of corn stover. I would rate these as standing one-third low er in feeding value than a good qual ity of timothy hay or stover. This should enable you to determine a fair price for hulls, based on the comparative feeding value set forth above. For the purpose of feeding beef and dairy vattle, a pound of cottonseed meal is equivalent to about one and three-fourths pounds of corn meal. We do not regard cot ton seed as a satisfactory feed for cows or beef cattle. They are too laxative and besides that, the butter obtained from cows fed' on cotton seed is not of a satisfactory quality. I think a ton of feed mixed as you propose would prove more profitable to feed beef or dairy cattle than cot ton seed at $30.00 per ton, although the feed as mixed even costs the farmer $35.00 to $40.00 a ton. The Merits of Oyster Shell Limo C. A. T., Ringgold, Ga., writes: Do you think foyster shell dust with the following analysis would .be cheaper than lime: Phosphoric acid .28 per cent, nitrogen .39 per cent,’ equivalent to ammonia .47 per cent, lime 43.98 per cent; equal to carbon ate of lime 89.25 per cent. I can secure this at $4.00 per ton, f. o. b. Ala.? Lime is applied to land chiefly for the following purposes: To correct acidity which is its most important function. It has been found for in stance that the bacteria which as sociate themselves with leguminous crops find it difficult to develop in an acid soil. Hence, when this con dition develops in the land, it is very difficult as a v rule to grow legu inous crops on a satisfactory basis. Lime is also used as an amendment in correcting an impaired physical condition of the soil. It is also used for the purpose of flocculating clay soils and making light soils more re tentive of water. These things be ing true, we would be disposed to buy that type of ground lime rock or Aground oyster shells which would furnish carbonate of lime in the largest quantity and at the least cost. We are disposed to think thaV $4.00 for the material about which you write at Mobile. Ala., would re quire you to make a higher outlay for carbonate of lime than you would have, to pay for it in a rock mined and ground nearer your present loca tion. Any company that is now sell ing finely ground, raw limestone rock will no doubt be glad to furnish you •with an analysis of the same, and you can easily judge whether you can buy the carbonate of lime at a lower cost than in oyster shells at the price indicated. In the event you could use a locally ground rock at a lower cost, I would certainly purchase and use it. One of course would only ex pect to handle limestone in bulk. Crops to Flant in the Fall C. R., Atlanta, Ga., writes: I have recently bought a farm and am going to live on it my self with a man to work it on the shares. I wish to know what crops can be planted to ad vantage this fall, and any othfcr information you can give me that will be of service. There are only a few crops which can be planted satisfactorily in Georgia this late in the season. Wheat, oats, rye and hairy vetch may still be sown with consider able promise. It is doubtful if crim son clover can be seeded this late with any prospect of success. Occa sionally, we have a very mild win ter. Under such circumstances, late seeding may prove fairly satisfac tory. We have conducted many tests here at the college with all classes of cereals, and we find that early planting is more effective and prof itable. If expecting to sow any winter cereals this fall, we would try and get the land in shape as quickly as nossible. This, of course will be difficult to do because of the dry weather which has pre vailed for so long a period of time Our experience indicates that plant ing the land before it has been well prepared is undesirable. Wheat, of course, should be sown on every farm to some extent for bread stuff. In spite of the" falling off in the price of wheat at thi time, the world is not over sup plied with this cereal, and the chances are we will need a large •quality next year. Oats should be seeded as soon as nossible as they are less hardy than some of the other cereals They may be sown in open fur rows and harvested for hay or yor can seed a bushel of oats with twenty pounds of hairy vetch and have all the extra fine quality of hay by cutting this cron when the oats are passing out of the dough stage. Rye makes the best winter pas ture w’e can have. It also affords grazing and green feed for liv> stock earlier in the spring than any other crop. Hairy vetch does very well in combination with rye. One should arrange this fall to provide all the wheat necessary for the needs of the family and af ford some surplus to feed to chickens. There is no better grain for this purpose. We should ex pect to provide as much grazing as possible for the wirtter and early spring and then have enough land devoted to oats and vetch to pro vide all the hay possible. TUESDAY, NOVEMBER S 3, 1920. Mules Are “Breakingßach Os South, ” in Opinion of This Memphis Editor BY E. T. LEECH (Editor, The Memphis Press) Memphis, Tenn. —"The mules are eating up the south.” No, that isn’t a fairy story, but an actual condi tion. I have it on the authority of George R. James of this city—and James ought to know. He was head of the cotton division of the war industries board, and is a millionaire mar ch an t, financier and farmer. James blames the south’s finan cial crisis on its mules. He de elaies they typify the agricultural conditions which maJo such a crisis possible. “Cotton is rais ed chiefly by ten ant farmers,” he explained. “Some of these farmers pay money rent, E.T.LEE.CH but most of them are ‘share croppers’ -who share their cotton production with the land own er. They farm from 12 to 15 acres with each mule—and it takes half of the year s crop to buy enough corn and hay to feed the mule! On the other half the family lives—after it has paid its debts.” Most tenant farmers are eternally in debt. Whole Cotton Industry Founded on Credit The cotton industry is founded on credit. The tenant gets credit for all his supplies from a country mer chant, cotton broker or bank mort gaging his crop before it is planted. The country merchant borrows mon ey for such credit from a city brok er or bankers; the broker borrows from banks; the country banks bor row from city banks and the city banks from the federal reserve banks—a long line of debt. James says if the south raised feed for its mules and food for its people if wouldn’t have to be eternal ly in debt. That’s the whole nub of the situation, he says. The cotton states ar*,- for the first time since the civil war, show ing the intention of doing this—or first raising their own food and feed ,and, second, raising cotton on the remaining acreage. Thus, in times of stress, the south could feed it self and hold its cotton for better prices. Cotton would be a “profit crop.” Now cotton represents food and clothing and everything else which sustains life. • “Food and Feed First” Being Breached Throughout the south this doc trine of “food and feed first” is be ing preached. “Diversified farming” it is called. The farmers are le sponding and the south will raise the greatest food crops in her his tory in 1921. This is the optimistic side of its troubles of today. A large part of the 1920 cotton crop will be held for better prices. If it were not for the farmers’ debts, the merchants’ debts, the brokers’ debts and the banks’ debts, the "holding” movement might be 100 per cent successful. As it is, the cotton is being marketed very slow ly. Farmers are urged not to sell until the price advances, except in cases of absolute necessity. The reduced acreage cry of a year ago has largely given way to an ap peal for diversified crops—and the movement is making real progress. Its promoters claim crop rotation and improved farming methods will allow a greater cotton production on an actually reduced acreage, while at the same time providing land on tvhich the south can raise its own food. Florida Farmers Are Urged to Specialize On Things That Pay It is now the season of the year when the wide awake farmer begins planning for next year’s work and casting about for ways and means to make his land produce as much as possible. Many farmery o’ r erl<'<■>’■ this important matter of planning ahead. Next year is going to see consid erable change in crop values, and there is probably going to be a slump in prices. Therefore, it behooves all crop producers to plan their crops for maximum yields, says C. K. Mc- Quarrie, state agent of agricultural extension in Florida. Farm labor has been scarce during the present year, but relief is ex pected during the coming season. The farmer with live stock can ar range his crop so as to have always a good supply of feed material and some to spare. The truckers, on the other hand, has to depend very largely upon market conditions and to take chances on whether his prod uct will be a profitable one or not. It is a wise plan for the trucker to arrange his crop so that, in case of a slump in prices and lack of de mand, his product can be turned over to feed live stock or to be used for the home market. One or two activities we would like to stress on all farmers is the-prob ability of a good demand for hogs for the coming year. And there is always a good demand for milk, dairy and poultry products. The man with a few cows can always depend upon getting a ready market, and the man with a few hogs can always depend upon having something to turn into ready cash. All available land should be plant ed to small grain crops immediately . for a double purpose; first, to pre- ■ vent leaching during the winter, and second, the production of pasture ! for live stock. —Florida Agricultural College Bulletin. Oar ipteial offir for \ ffteae SATISFAC- FtATr \ TORY’* reconstructed FcfHl double tread tires. S B 6000 MILE ® 1 TIRES Jl Save One Half rbO ill regular price simply IfrOi =l= can’t be beat. No such IrWi! I=l=l bargain on the market. KF 7=fll Each tire eeparately WH I Bfff/ / GUARANTEED. Cut 'S3 afe/ I P r * ce made possible only VOTi' I our special double VaJ / trea d retreading, durable / life-giving process. See Our Cut Prices Site Tiree Tubes Site Tiree Tubee 28x3 $5.25 $1.50 84x4* $8.75 $2.60 fiFO 176 84x4 1-2 10.00 3.00 Sliaii 6.75 1.85 »«» 8“ 82x3 1-2 700 2.00 86x4 1-2 11.50 8.40 81x4 8.00 2.25 85x5 12.50 8.50 82x4 8.25 2.40 36x5 12.75 8.65 88x4 8.50 2.50 87x5 12.75 8.75 Reliner Free With Every Tire Also a new Miller inner tube at factory price. State size, also whether straight side, clineher, plain or Non-skid. Send only 82.00 deposit for each tire, balance C. O D.. subject to examin ation. Special 7)4 % discount for full cub witl order. Order shipped day received. Order NOW- TODAY to ret theao toweat pricea ever made on tire, of bleb quality. SATISFACTORY TIRE A RUBBER CO. XSSI Indiana Av. Oept.33-C Chleare, 111. Kih.s kiens Stop Koupf Roup is deadly to hens in cold yr , *££3 and wet weather. Colds develop into Roup and half of Hock may die over night. Ouar •>* -Lu'72 nntesd Roup Remedy will stop Roup. ———J Sand no monoy. Just your name. Pay postman only SI.OO after you get Reup Remedy. C ST C Copy of Poultry News Free with everypack- F sa is, t age. Full information on how to stop Roup, care of hens, how to get winter eggp. Send NOW. t.J l ßssf»r,Fwllry£'xp«-t l Dej)R33lߣaosc»City,Mo. Jerusalem Artichoke Is Novel Variation From Irish Potato Have you ever eaten Jerusalem artichokes? They are an excellent fall arfd winter vegetable and. by the way, not an artichoke at all but a member of the sunflower family. In some ways they are like potatoes, but they differ just enough in flavor and texture to add pleasing variety to the daily meals. Before potatoes came to be a popular standby Jeru salem artichokes, steamed, boiled, or made into soup were a common dish, but nowadays they are somewhat neglected. They are still for sale during the fall and winter in many city markets, and they can be grown tn practically any home garden if the soil is well drained. Here are some good ways of using Jerusalem artichokes in the menu: Boil the tubers in salted water un- ■ til they are tender, just as you would potatoes. The skins may be removed either before or after boiling. Com bine the artichokes with cream sauce, or serve them with melted butter, salt, and pepper. Cold boiled artichokes make a deli cious salad when combined with may onaise, French, or boiled dressing and served on a bed of lettuce or other salad greens. Many persons prefer this to potato salad, for the artichokes have more flavor and are less starchy than potatoes. Jerusa lem artichokes may also be used raw in salad, like radishes. They are particularly crisp if left in the ground all winter and dug before they begin to grow again in the spring. Home-Tanned Hides Seldom Pay Farmer Apparently it doesn't pay the farmer to tan his own leather. The bureau of chemistry. United States department of agriculture, Is con ducting leather-making experiments, upon the scale to which the average farmer would have to adjust his work, and specialists say that the results obtained thus far do not war rant general practice. Good leather can be made in individual tanneries, but the results are too uncertain to give reliable profits. The work was taken up by the department when it became evident that the farmers were feeling the in justice of a transaction wherein they sold a whole cowhide for less than they paid out for a pair of work shoes —an occurrence not at all un usual. Investigation shows that the leather dealer is not entirely to blame for the low prices that the farmer receives for his hides. Too often the hide from the farm cow is taken off in a careles smanner that leaves the skin full of cuts and holes —farm hides are never as uniform as those bought from the packing houses, where the animals are care fully graded and the skins removed by expert skinners. For that rea son the hide buyer is always willing to pay more for the packer’s prod uct than he can offer the farmer. Then, too, the farmer sells, his cowhide to the junk dealer, who de ducts his profit from the price he pays. Whenever it is possibleto col lect. a number of hides and skins it will’ pay the owner to deal directly with a large dealer, the specialists say. , Potash arriving at an American factory Plenty of Potash AFTER five years of Potash . famine there is now plenty of Potash to be had at prices that will permit it to be used at a good profit. When Potash in mixed fertil izers was sold at five dollars per unit, everybody exclaimed that the price "prohibitive.” This was a state of mind. As a matter of fact, when the records "of long continued experiments, east, south, and west, were care fully gone over it was found that there were plenty of where the crop increase from the use of Potash on corn, wheat, oats, cotton, tobacco, potatoes, vege tables and fruit returned over five dollars per unit, even valuing the crops at pri ces current bes ore 1914. Now prices of Potash are less than one-half of these “prohibi tive prices,” and prices of farm products are still high enough to make the purchase of the five to ten per cent Potash fertilizers a very profitable investment when yields alone are considered But this is not all. The shipping and keeping quality of many of our truck, fruit and special crops has suffered from lack of Potash. Plant diseaStes have increased for the same reason. Our, best lands have been over worked to the limit and need restoration. The fertilizer manufacturer who really has the foresight to understand that he serves his own and his customers’ interest best by furnishing what his com munity really needs will return to the formulas that were found most profitable for his.commun- 1 IWFgfe UirJJfe'jiTßi 0! 11l llA'Tfl {'i I &£■ M t'IHIHT Wf{ t It Cost of lie a Cord —Easy to .Vrite today for Big Special Offer and Low Direct Fac- \ >ry Price on Ottawa Log Saw. Strictly a one-man outfit that will >/| -at the coal shortage and make money cutting wood for neighbors. I jc-; : eatest work-saver and money-maker ever invented. o*/y Z OTTAWA IOG SAW iggWi Cuts Down Trees—Saws Logs By Power oes Wark of IO to IS Men at less Direct Gear Drive* Saw-J—paamßaaSSsSaiM—■ ' in one-tenth cost. Saw makes 310 strokes no chains to tighten; no keys-no set ..y, . . - . minute. Mounted on wneels. Easily moved serewa. 4-cycie Frost Proof Engine Wheels Like * -oat log to log end from «ut to cut along with counter-balanced crank shaft. a Barrow •io log by one man. No more back-breaking Pulls over 4 H-P. Oscillating Mag- rv<>f ass cut sawing. The Ottawa falls trees neto Ignition and Automatic Gov- S ny size As one-third of the tree is in the ernor with Speed Regulator. Sdcc- A M ..ranches, a specially designed fast cutting ial clutch, lever controlled, enables —k branch saw is now offered. you to stou saw without Stopping Enrlno also runs pumps feed engine. Simply built: nothingto get cB ieZ w'b T*V trindsn. cream separetors. Oo £ of fix VBeB litt f e .Utsfiss w«U in any kind of weather and on any kind of ground. Tr3al ,. X «ni! find out how essy it is to own an OTTAWA and vjlS’Sk? U let it pny for itself as you use it. You are fully pro- ' ajS\ tected by 30 day trial. The OTTAWA must back our 10 *V cnr guarantee. Over 10,000 satisfied users all / JJ A J oTer G* e world. OU^* 1 J F ftL£ BOOK. Send for big 32-page book and V<Tyfe<s »■ • y/customers* reports. Today sure. Also our low prices. OTTAWA MANUFACTURING CO. Patent Applied For 858 Wood Street Ottawa. Kanns Send No Money Don’t miss thia chance to cut your tire cost //V 50% and more. We shits et once on ap- // 1 proval. These are eteKdard. make used // < tires, excellent condition, selected by our I experts—rebuilt by expert workmanship* I Can readily be jruaranteed for. f ICO miles* f vu. I NOTE:The«e are not sawed togeth* f , er tires —known as double treads. I -1 30x3 .$5.60..§1.60 34x4 .$ 8.75..§2.€0M|8> I 80x314. 6 50.. 1.75 84x4«. 10.60.. B.OOIXBK. I 4 31x3)4 . 6.75.. 1.85 35x!?4. 11.00.. 3.15 K®/ I i 32x3)4. 7.09.. 2.00 S6x i)4. 11.50.. 3.40 J i 31x4 . 8.00.. 2.25 35x5 . 12,50.. 3.50 NW--' l . y 32x4 . 8.25.. 2.10 36x5 . 12.75.. 3.05 kIKZ I 83x4 . 8.50.. 2.50 37x5 . 12.75.. 8.75 PWs I J Rem.?:-.per. v,e guarantee your 'I 1 Will I U perfect satisfaction. Pay only f on arrival. Examine and judge for your- rß'sC \Vi self. If not Batisficd-send them back atVyauZ our expense. We will refund your money\,?j-- \ without question. Be sure to Btete size y» wanted —Clincher, S. S., Non-Skid, Plain. CLEVELAND TIRE AND RUBBER CO. , 3105 Micbism Avenue Chicago, IQs GIJNSS&. SEND CATALOG RIFLES, REVOLVERS. FISHING TACKLE AND SPORTING GOODS nMI INCORPORATEb F 313 w. Market. LOUISVILLE KY HAMILTON SfcA RIFLE .. without IDCD SHDT // =< ALL STEEL/ WE NAGAZIKE/ Cb JO BOTS w AIR /A easy plans) for selling our Ma- SHOT rifle/ eqec 7’j 25c Box. WE TRUST YOU I \rtlM FKE } 4/ Order Six Boxes Toefry On Postal Card- \ We send promptly. Repaid! the Healing Ointment needed in every home! //•‘X7 at once - return money, as we direct, r' r 1 choosing your Gun according to one of the s Plans shown in our Big Premium List. 200 W'A f jKq Other Gifts! Or Big Cash Commission! Just for wW promptness a Free Gift —So Order Today! WAVERLY SUPPLY CO. 214 TowaerßUr, Monongahela* P* All makes, singles or twins. Every machine expertly rebuilt, . tested, guaranteed in perfect shape. Send 2c for bulletin of Fall bargains in rebuilt motor cycles. Saves you half. / j THE WESTERN SUPPLIES CO./ 366 Hayutln Bldg., Denver, BKMONEr S»Silttt Eas{o Sawing Maohintu Gfl Every timber owner needs one. Row- ■ WDAnHour| sawing wood while demon- ■ I? -’® toda z 0 fell inicraotrjn nnd Bpeo- ■ H zfix J tai Low Agvnt’s Priece. ■ PEACH & APPLE £* at bargain prices I TO PLANTERS ] Small or Large Lots by Express. Freight or Pare*! Pear Hum. Cherry, Berries. Grapes. Nuts Shade aM Ornamental Trees, vines and Shrubs Catalog IKEE TENN. NURSERY CO- CLEVELAND. TENM Military finish air ~ rifle. Sejl 8 boxes Men tho Nova Salve at 25e. U. S. Supply Co., Box 84. Greenville, Pa. ity before the Potash famine upset things. Indeed this is put ting the case mildly, for.provision should be made not only to re store the old high Potash formu las, but to use additional Potash tb restore the drain on the soil during the past five years. We never advised the use of Potash on soils where we had reason to believe it would not prove profitable, and never shall do so. There is not a single crop on which Potash has not been found profitable on Many types of soil. In the readjustment period when farmers must use every n*eans to assure success it is of utmost importance that they should not be turned aside in their efforts* to buy fertilizers with a reasonable (five to ten) per cent, of Potash. Potash Pays and after five years of Potash fam ine it will pay better than ever, i It takes time to produce and ship Potash and large stocks are not carried works. Therefore it is imperative that you notify your dealer at once what brands of fertilizer you will require and that you should not be induced to change your order on any claim that the right kind of goods cannot be secured. Stick to it and you can get what you know you want. SOIL AND CROP SERVICE POTASH SYNDICATE H. A. HUSTON. Manarer 42 Broadway New York