Newspaper Page Text
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NEWS AND VIEWS FOR THE PROGRESSIVE FARMER
New U. S. Method for
Making Acid Phosphate
May Mean Large Savings
WASHINGTON, D. C.. Nov. 29.
What may prove to be a revolution
ary development in the fertilizer in
dustry of the world has been reached
by the bureau of soils. United States
department of agriculture, which has
just solved the problem of extract
ing phosphoric acid from phosphate
rock by heating mixtures of this
mineral, sand and coke to a smelt
ing temperature in a fuel-fed furn
ace. The new process has been work
ed out oil an approximately com
mercial basis at the department's
experimental plant at Arlington, Ya.
The phosphate used for fertilizer
in the United States comes largely
from the deposits in Florida. There
are also 1 large deposits in Tennes
see and a number of beds in South
Carolina where the rock was first
exploited for this purpose. The
established method for producing
soluble phosphate has consisted in
treating the rock with sulphuric
acid. In practice, a quantity of sul
phuric acid equal to the quantity
of rock is used, and the resulting
product which is known as acid phos
phate contains only one-half the per
centage of phosphoric acid contained
in the rock from which it was de
rived Commercial acid phosphate,
for instance, made from a 32 per
cent rock, contains only 1 per cent
of phosphoric acid. The elaborate
■washing and screening process now
used in preparing phosphate rock for
treatment with sulphuric acid often
results in the loss of two-thirds of
the roek, and it was with a view
to saving this immense waste of
phosphate that the new process was
evolved.
Experimenting with Heat
The United States department of
agriculture has been exnerimenting
for some time along the lines of
freeing the phosphoric acid by means
of a high degree of heat. It was
first to adapt the Cottrell precipita
tor to the collection of phosphoric
acid, the apparatus having been pre
viously revised by Dr. Cottrell to
abate the smoke nuisance and to re
cover sulphuric acid from smelting
operations. The first work was done
in an electric furnace which was
thought to be required to generate
the high degree of heat necessary,
about 1,000 degrees C, or 2,900 de
gress F. At this temperature mix
tures of phosphate rock, sand, and
coke were reduced to a molten slag
which was tapped off at intervals,
the phosphoric acid escaping in the
form of fumes which were after
wards collected in a liquid or solid
form.
It soon became evident that this
■process would be prohibitively ex
pensive with an electric furnace, ex
cept in localities where electric
power could be obtained at a very
low cost, about $25 per horsepower
a. year, and the department therefore
turned its attention to the possibili
ties of Using’ crude oil, the cheapest
fuel obtainable in the vicinity of
the large phosphate rock deposits of
Florida. The efforts have recently
met with success, and figures kept
Farmers of Arkansas z
Are Making Progress
In Diversifying Crops
BY E. T. LEECH
Editor the Memphis Press
LITTLE ROCK, Ark.—Arkansas
papers are “playing up” news of the
holding of wheat by northern farm
ers. The day I reached Little Rock
all the papers prominently display
ed stories of the “strike” called by
the National Wheat Growers’ associa
tion, which seeks to keep wheat from
the terminal markets until the price
reaches $3 a bushel.
If northern farmers are holding
their wheat for better prices, then
why shouldn’t southern farmers hold,
their cotton? This is the cotton rais
ers’ question.
And they are holding, though ap
parently not as tightly as they have
been urged. Reports Rock
showed the little fellows —small ten
ant farmers who raise two to five
bales—were crowding the roads with
their little mule carts, carrying their
cotton to town to he sold. Much of
such cotton is called “distress cot
ton," which means what the name
actually implies-rthat its owner is
broke, in debt, needs food and clothes
and is selling to fill pressing wants.
But the Big Growers Are Holding
But in the case of big growers,
who hired and fed laborers, present
prices are below the cost level —and
these big growers are holding. S. Y.
West, president of the Little Rock
exchange; H. M. Bennett, manager of
Arkansas’ biggest firm of cotton buy
ers; E. J. Bodman, banker and agri
culturalist, and many others told me
Arkansas aims to market 10 per cent
of her crop monthly, thus distribut
ing sales and improving prices.
Arkansas cotton men are also in
sisting the cotton be picked, ginned
and stored, and are consequently op-
“What Are Vitamines?
Necessary Food Element
Puzzles All Scientists
“What are vitamines?”
This is a question asked repeat
edly since the importance of these
compounds in foods has come into
prominence, but no definite answer
has yet been given. Investigations
by scientists at universities, agricul
tural experiment stations, and in
stitutions for medical research have
revealed much Information regard
ing the function of vitamines in
body maintenance and building, and
the parts of the various foods in
Which they are to be found.
That vitamines are compounds ab
solutely essential in the food, in or
der to maintain the weight of the
body and produce growth, has been
definitely proved. The lack of vita
mines causes deficiency diseases, so
named because they are due to lack
of something in the diet. Vitamines
are present and are needed in such
small quantities in the food that
chemists have not yet been able to
Isolate them from the many other
compounds which are in foods. For
this reason, we know very little of
the actual character of vitamines.
Three Types of Vitamines
According to a statement of Dr.
Carl O. Johns, in charge of nutri
tion work in the bureau of chem
istry, United States department of
agriculture, vitamines have been
classified into three different types
depending upon the functions which
they have in promoting well-being
and growth.
The first type is known as water
soluble vitamines, and these are nec
essary in order to obtain growth
from- food. Lack of these causes
beri-beri, which manifests itself by
disease of the nervous system and
by other symptoms. These vita
mines are so .nd in seeds, in green
plants, in certain bulbs and fleshy
roots and fruits, and in milk and
eggs, as well as in certain organs
in the animal body. The seeds re
ferred to include beans, nuts and
the various cereal grains. When ce
reals are very highly milled in or-
THE ATLANTA TRI-WEEKLY JOURNAL.
on the experimental runs at Arling
ton indicate that phosphoric acid can
be extracted more cheaply in an oil
burning furnace than by the old sul
phuric acid process.
One problem which department
scientists have worked out is that
of keeping the fuel in direct con
tact with the rock material until
the reaction is well started. For
this purpose, and for convenience
in handling, the material is briquet
ed with coke and sand. BriqueOing
keeps the coke fuel within the mass,
and retains it until the reaction is
well started. Sand or silica is nec
essary to bring about the chemical
reactions and this sand is largely
present as an impurity in the Flor
ida phosphate deposits, together
with a clayey ingredient which acts
as an excellent binder in making
the briquettes/ Thus the very im
purities which make rock objec
tionable under the old process are
turned into an asset.
Economics Effected
The practical value of the new
development is indicated by the fact
that, in the experimental runs at
Arlington the department chemists
were able to recover a 64 per cent
phosphoric acid (47 per cent P 205)
as against the 16 per cent product
ordinarily obtained by the sulphuric
acid process. By passing ammonia
gas into this phosphoric acid, solid
ammonium phosphate, a very con
centrated material containing two
valuable fertilizer ingredients re
sults. This material can stand heavy
transportation and handling charges.
It is also practicable to mix the
phosphoric acid with phosphate rock
In such proportions as to give a
product containing 50 per cent of
soluble phosphoric acid. This prod
uct is similar in its properties to
ordinary 16 per cent acid phosphate,
is convenient to handle, and may
be used by an intelligent farmer
who has the technical knowledge to
reduce the quantity placed upon the
soil, and to guard against direct
contact with seed. It also will per
mit a material saving in freight to
central plants where the product
may be diluted or mixed with other
ingredients for shorter hauls. The
difference between a 50 per cent
product and a 16 per cent product
means an immense saving in the
freight charges, and the release of
large quantities of rolling stock
and vessel tonnage now engaged in
the transportation of phosphate and
phosphate rock.
While the actual cost of. the new
process in a large industrial plant
is difficult* to estimate with accur
acy, in the work thus far done,
even on a small scale, it was found
that the fuel consumption was only
about 15 per cent of the value of
the product, while with the sulphur
ic acid process the cost of the acid
used seldom runs below 22 per cent.
This factor, together with the re
duction of freight charges, justifies
the assumption that the new process
will be of the utmost importance to
the fertilizer industry and to the
farmers who are compelled to use
a constantly Increasing amount of
commercial fertilizer.
posing the plan of Governor John M.
Parker, of Louisiana, who sought to
have the governors of all cotton
states ask the gins to close for one
month. These cotton men say failure
to gin will mean deterioration and
loss.
None of Arkansas’ 1,800 gins is
closed; a dozen have burned, appar
ently from natural causes, that and
a sudden scare which thrilled the
state, when a negro gin guard was
murdered at England, Ark., disap
peared when two negroes confessed
they killed him to steal his week’s
pay.
H. M. Cottrell, of the
Profitable Farming bureau, is bat
tling for diversified farming and bet
ter agricultural methods. This year
Arkansas raised 100,000 more acres
of corn than of cotton, and peanuts,
sweet potatoes, hogs, rice and soy
beans are more and more claiming the
farmers’ attention. When Arkansas
feeds herself, cotton can be held or
sold, at the owner’s will, is Cot
trell’s doctrine —and it’s winning
thousands of converts.
Urges Co-operative Marketing-
Bodies
The Arkansas division of the Amer
ican Cotton association emphasizes
the necessity of the farmers organiz
ing a body for the mar
keting of their crops and financing
the exportation of their cotton.
It is. also promoting an export cor
poration in the hope of selling $lO,-
000,000 of stock to finance the expor
tation of the more than 5,000,000
bales of low grade cotton now backed
up on American markets.
This is one of a number of co-oper
ative plans now making headway in
the south.
der to obtain a very fine white flour,
a large part of the vitamines may
be removed. Vitamines are also lost
when rice is polished in order to
remove the outer layers which con
tain most of the vitamines. It is
for this reason that a diet consist
ing mainly of polished rice may
cause beri-beri, while unpolished rice
does not cause this disease.
Fat-Soluble Vitamines
The second type is known as fat
soluble vitamines, and these are
found in butter, eggs, milk, and in
certain animal organs such as the
heart, kidneys, and liver, and to
some extent in other fats as well
as in green vegetables. They also
exist in smaller quantities in certain
seeds. When fat-soluble vitamines
are absent from the diet animals
and men are subject to a disease of
the eyes, which appears to be re
lated "to xerophthalmia and which, if
prolonged, may produce blindness.
The third type is known as anti
scorbutic vitamines—that is, those
which prevent scurvy, which mani
fests itself by disease of the bones
as well as in other ways. These
vitamines aye found in oranges,
grapefruit, lemons and other citrus
fruits, and in green vegetables such
as tomatoes, spinach and lettuce,
and in eggs and raw milk. The dry
ing of vegetables frequently de
stroys the actiivty of the antiscor
butic vitamines. The best source of
vitamines is in the leafy parts of
vegetables, and this is one of the
reasons why spinach, lettuce and
cabbage are valuable foods.
Restoring Morgan
Strain of Horses
Efforts of the United States depart
ment of agriculture to restore the
Morgan strain of horses, which had
become nearly extinct, showed their
effect in the recent 300-mile test for
army horses. Out of 27 entries, only
10 finished, and of these, the sixth
and seventh were Morgan horses, one
of them raised on the department's
stock farm in Massachusetts. The
horses were required to travel 60
miles a day for five days, carrying
the regulation cavalry load of 245
pounds.
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
BY DR. ANDREW M. SOULE
DUTY’S CALL
When the great war broke out and
threatened to engulf civilization, we
hastened to the rescue. This was
the proper thing for us to do.
Through the might of our armies
and the co-operative service of our
navy, we were able to give abundant
support to our allies, which was
necessary to wrest the crown of vic
tory from the brow of the central
powers. The energy and might of
our blow® ■were so forceful and rapid
that the Germans were compelled to
surrender ignominiously one year be
fore the foreign military experts be
lieved the conclusion of hostilities
could be reached. It was fitting that
the capture of Sedan by American
and allied troops should have wit
nessed the final surrender of Ger
many for its environs fortyTSeven
years before were the scene of Ger
man’s greatest triumph over France.
Our part in the war and the motives
by which we were actuated are well
known to the people of the South and
need not be reiterated at this time.
That we entered it actuated by the
highest type of idealism and that we
fought for the salvation of the
■world, the freedom of its peoples and
the preservation of Christianity are
facts generally appreciated. That
we should have been the saviour of
mankind in a sense must ever be a
source of pride and gratification to
every true American, and it is cer
tain that no page in our history will
stand out more gloriously in the
future than that which records the
heroic deeds of our soldiers abroad
and the achievements of the men who
handled our transport service on the
high seas.
Having accomplished so much that
was essential and worth while,
should we now sit down and be con
tent with the laurels already won?
Or do we still owe a service to man
kind which no other nation is in posi-.
tion to render save our own? War
in itself is a terrible and frightful
thing. It is the most destructive
of all the agencies which man has
invented for the .breaking down of
good government and those things
which make life most worth while.
War is a hydra-headed monster of
the most frightful mien, but in spite
of this fact, ilt is not the most hor
rible thing with which humanity has
to deal. The consequences of war
are more destructive and appalling to
the afflicted populations than the
actual fighting. Sickness, disease,
hunger and the moral depravity
which follow in the wake of war take
their toll of human life by the thou
sands as compared with the tens
perish on the field of battle.
The - results following in the wake
of war, therefore, more to be dreaded
than the actual strife itself.
When the food supplies of a nation
become exhausted and the physique
Tuns down, when the industries are
crippled or put ou of existence and
unemployment becomes general, it is
not surprising that a restlessness
shhould develop which often leads
to revolution. If one war with all
its appalling destruction is sufficient
to bring these conditions in its wake,
what of the countries where several
campaigns have followed one another
in rapid succession.
The situation outlined above, repre
sents but a mild interpretation of
conditions which exist in the greater
part of Europe at this time. The
nations as a whole are hopelessly
sick and discouraged. Their national
credit Is exhausted. Tjieir man
power has been decimated and their
wealth swept away. Their hornes
burned, or in many instances dese
crated. Their industries and their
agrequlture are both prostrated.
Thlere are millions of children or
phaned and left without any visible
means of support. Famine and
plague stalk abroad in the land. Con
ditions must get worse before they
are better. The very existence of
any worthwhile type of civilization
or of stable government is threat
ened. Under the circumstances, it is
not surprising that such a situation
should have arisen. What are we
going to do about it? Can we sit
idly by an dassume an air of indif
ference? Is it possible that we are
not concerned about the welfare of
suffering humanity across the sea
even though they may include our
recent enemies? .Is it a matter of
indifference to us that want, social
leprivacy and Bolshevic tendencies
should assume the ascendency in the
greater part of what was formerly
considered a part of the most highly
cultured and civilized* section of the
world?
Some diseases spread by contact.
Some presumably through the air. If
no effort were made to control many
of them, people would die literally
by the hundreds of thousands. In
the wake of the great world war
there has developed in Europe all
sorts of new social diseases aside
from those which ordinarily affect
the human race. Europe represents
a great sxyamp at this time from
which miasmas are ascending in an
unbelievable volume. ’ Uhless we con
trol and stamp out the poisons being
generated there and restore order
and good government and feed and
clothe these .people, we are bound to
be the inheritors of a part of the
calamities that have befallen them. I
believe We are interested and con
cerned in the restoration of peace
and order in Europe because of our
devotion to the ideals of Christian
ity, but if we, are actuated by no
other save the basest and most sel
fish of motives, we must act quickly
as a matter of self defense.
What are some of the things we
should hasten to do to help correct
the existing situation? First, we
should provide for the generous nu
trition of the millions of European
children who are now homeless waifs
on the drifting sea of society. These
children are not to blame for the sad
afflictions which have overtaken
them. We may harbor in our hearts
resentment against the individuals
which caused these children to suf
fer so atrosciously, but we cannot
well hold that sort of a sentiment
against the innocence of youth. There
seem to be eleven million children in
Europe which were orphaned by the
war. Possibly this is an understate
ment rather than an overstatement
of the facts in the case. The Ameri
can Relief administration is now
striving to feed at least three mil
lions of the most dependent of them
so as to preserve their lives. They
are only able to offer them at best
one meal a day of about six hundred
calories, but that is sufficient to car
ry them through the winter and to
prevent the utter impairment of
their health. These children are ab
solutely without any resources of
their own. Thousands of them are
moving around from one center to
another with no place to call home,
with no means of obtaining clothing
and without capacity to help them
selves. Are they to become robust
and worth while citizens of the coun
tries to whicfh they belong or are
they to become a menace to order,
decency and good society for the next
fifty years? We m«st choose, and
choose now, what our attitude will
be toward these millions of homeless
waifs which the receding tide of
war has left behind it. I do not be
lieve that any good citizen who un
derstands the situation will hesitate
to aid in doing his part toward the
correction of so disastrous a calam
ity as the further neglect of these
children will constitute. I do not
think that any worthy citizen can
sleep calmly in his bed surroufided
by the comforts and luxuries which
the blood money of the war brought
to all of us and feel indifferent to
the want and suffering of this horde
of starving children in central and
I eastern Europe. I do not think we
can hope to prosper and find favor in
I the sight of that God whom wejeo
devoutly worship and l<et between
three- and six millions of our fellow
beings starve because we are too
thoughtless, indifferent or careless to
gather together and send them from
our super-abundant stores enough
food and cast-off clothing to nourish
their bodies and sustain life through
out the coming winter.
The Honorable Herbert Hoover
and his devoted band of workers are
now appealing to the American peo
ple for the funds necessary to care
for these children. There are some
who will no doubt feel that business
conditions are bad and that we are
in a sense pinched and unable to
aid others under the circumstances.
I fear in spite of what we are now
experiencing that we still do not
understand the meaning of sacrifice
or suffering. The war enriched us
with the full greater part of the
wealth and the gold of the ■world.
The temporary slowing down of
business is but an incident in our
national life. We have more food
to waste and more clothing to throw
away in this great United States than
it will take to care 1 for the six mil
lions of starving children in Eu
rope. We also have plenty of food
to supply the needs of the one hun
dred thousand intellectuals who are
slowly starving to death in Central
Europe. They reprebent whatever
of heart and soul may be left in
those terribly afflicted countries. If
they are to perish from the earth
through our neglect, all that is worth
while in leadership will pass away
with them and the rapacious, the
bloodthirsty, the incapable and the
ignorant adventurer will then at
tempt to formulate new policies and
plans of government for this exten
sive and densely populated section
of the universe. No greater crime
could ever be laid at our doors than
■ that we sat idly by and permitted
the loss to civilization and repre
sentative government of these hun
dred thousand teachers, scientists
and savants upon whom the duty and
responsibility of reconstructing Cen
tral Europe now depends.
It will take approximately three
million dollars a month to do the
job. We have about one hundred
and ten million people in the Unit
ed States. We are, therefore, asked
to give only about thirty-three cents
per capita. This is the, price of a
ticket to a movie show. Are we not
willing to sacrifice that much for
the purpose of helping to save a hu
man being? It ins a long way across
the great Atlantic ocean, and the
blighting touch of war has never
been experienced by most of our peo
ple. We are disposed to live rather
self-centered lives. We canrtot pic
ture in our imagination the fright
ful suffering and the agonies which
starving populations endure. We can
not visualize the pale, wan faces of
these millions of perishing children,
and, so it is difficult for us to sense
our full duty in the crisis by which
the world is now confronted. We
need to sit down in a quiet corner
and reflect upoi the situation over
there. Let us fofget for the moment
our own selfish aims and objects.
Just as certain as we do this, wilt
the funds be forthcoming to finance
that marvelous life and soul saving
program which Mr. Hoover has un
dertaken.
We are sound at heart and gen
erous by nature and impulse. Thanks
giving is at hand. Peace and good
government reign throughout our
great country. We are blessed with
the most phenomenal harvests in our
history. Let us give enough of our
surplus wealth and food to show to
the world that America still believes
in civilization and in God. In the
words of oily great president, Lincoln,
let us see that “government of the
people by the people and for the
people” shall not perish from the
earth.
Varieties of Turnips Suitable for
Greens
C. S. M., Waycross, Ga., writes:
I am interested in growing tur
nips that will make good greens
in the spring. What varieties
would you recommend?
A considerable variety of turnips
may be planted in the south, the
roots and also the tops being used
for food. Some of the varieties grow
and develop better at one season
than another; hence a collection of
several varieties will probably give
you more satisfatcion than the use
of a single variety. One of the varie
ties primarily • recommended for use
as greens is the seven-top or salad
turnip, and you should have no
trouble in getting a supply of seed
of this variety and if you expect to
grow only one strain in your garden,
it will probably prove more satisfac
tory for general use than any other
sort. The Extra Early White Egg,
the Purple or Red Top, the Strap
Leaf, the Early White Flat Dutch,
the Purple or Red Top Globe, the
Yellow or Amber Globe, the Im
proved American Rutabaga, and ■ the
Seven-top turnip are all standard
varieties. These strains may be
planted from early summer until late
fall, and yzill provide a succession of
greens throughout a very consider
able part of the year.
Studying the Elements of Plant
Breeding.
S. R. C., Rome, Ga.: I want ”
to take up the study of plant
breeding at home, and wish you
to suggest the first one or two
books I should start with. Is
there any periodical devoted to
this subject?
It would be difficult for one to
make much progress in the study of
plant breeding through the agency
of purchased books. Practically all
the publications on this subject are
more or less technical in character.
Judging from our experience one
would need to have elementary and
basic courses in botany and biology
in order to get the fundamental prin
ciples of plant breeding clearly in
mind. If you have had work of this
character, then you could quite likely
use some of the various books to ad
vantage which are now recognized
and used as standard texts in the
various colleges and universities of
the 'Country. There is a magazine
published at Washington, D. C.,
called the Journal of Heredity, which
gives a great deal of valuable infor
mation relative to plant breeding.
It is, however, a highly technical
publication, and, therefore, might not
be of much service to you. I believe
the subscription price is $2 per year.
There are some farmers’ bulletins, of
course, which give' suggestions about
the selection of various types of seed,
such as corn and cotton, and a peru
sal of these would no doubt prove
beneficial. You can secure the list
of available farmers’ bulletins by
writing to the Secretary of Agricul
ture, Washington, D. C., and such
of the bulletins as you may wish to
have can be furnished you free of
cost on application to your congress
man or senator.
Corning Beef on the Farm
W. S. K., Alma, Ga., writes:
Please give me a recipe for
pickling beef.
By pickling meat you no doubt
mean the same thing as corning it.
Meat selected for this purpose
should be fat, and as a rule, the
cheaper cuts are selected. Sections
of the plate, rump or brisket may
be used, though, of course, any
part of the beef should be corned.
The piece selected should be cut to
the dimensions of about six inches.
The meat should be thoroughly
chilled but not frozen. For each
one hundred pounds of meat take
eight pounds of salt. Place a layer
of meat in the bottom of the con
tainer, and then a layer of salt,
and so on until all the meat is
used. There should be enough salt
left to entirely cover the top of
the meat. Allow to stand in this
condition over night. For each one
hundred pounds of meat used, take
four pounds of brown sugar, two
ounces of baking soda and foui
ounces of saltpetre. Dissolve this
in lukewarm water. The meat should
now be weighted down and the solu
tion poured over it. In warm weath
er the water used should be boil
ed and cooled. Remember that san
itation is an important matter in
corning beef successfully. You
should examine the meat from time
to time and if there is any evi
dence of the brine becoming sour
or ropy, pour it off and either re
boil and cool, pr prepare a new
brine. The meat should be cured by
the corning process in from 28 to
40 days.
Destroying the Granary Weevil
D. K., Douglas, Ga., writes:
I am sending a bottle contain
ing several flies. I have a friend
who has six thousand bushels
of seed oats and the flies are
in them by the thousands. What
can be done to kill them? The
oats are in a good tight barn
and could be fumigated if you
'suggest this as a remedy for
their destruction.
The oats about which you write
are undoubtedly badly infested
with what is known as the An
goumois grain moth. This insect
derives its name from a province
in France and was found in this
country in 1728. It does its great
est damage in the south where
climatic conditions are more to its
liking. It not only attacks stored
grain, but is very partial to break
fast cereals as well. The moth is
brownish in color and very closely
resembles the clothes moth in both
size and color and general appear
ance.
Grain attacked by tfiis moth
should be fumigated with carbon
bisulphide at least two or three
times at intervals of about two
weeks. You should use not less
than six pounds of carbon bisulphide
per each one thousand cubic feet
of space to be treated. This par
ticular insect requires intensive fu
,Unless you combat it
it wil7 g rtlJ n the L manner indicated
}L„ WII A destroy the oats in ques
tion. Its work is evidenced by the
appearance of tiny holes in the
M e n r ? e l> Eventually the entire con-
M Dt T ° h L the * ernel wiH be destroy
fn’p renders th ® grain useless
of seed. In fumigating- to
destroy this moth proceed as fol
lows: Put the grain either in one
tiph7 I °Pn blns .u that are relatively
outsat Ur ‘b®, car bon bisulphide
?( t sn t c ?nn rae indicated and place
it in shallow pans on top of the
C my er the grain with a heavy
The car b o n bisulphide will
quickly evaporate. It is heavier than
of 1 * rr/i W I U ‘l lnk through the mass
of grain to be treated. Leave the
cover on the bin for at least twen
ty-four hours. Then stir the grain
to aerate it. Carbon bisulphide is
not poisonous to handle. It will
Ot n? urn bands or injure the
howevnr A S quite inflammable,
however, in the presence of light
It should be handled therefore in
the daytime and not in the pres
ence of a lantern, pipa or cigar. It
is best not to store it in or about
tn p-p^^T 11 / 68 ' You shou ld be able
to get it from any drug store. This
is the best, simplest and surest
treatment -for the destruction of
the moth in question. It will give
property desired results if handled
Disposing of Velvet Beans to
Advantage
E. S., Sparta, Ga., writes: I
am going to move this fall as
soon as possible and I have about
tiye acres of bunch velvet beans
which I planted between the hills
u I ? y . corn - ! have cut and
shocked the corn and want to
shred it. Labor is scarce and
it will be almost impossible to
nave the beans picked after they
a S e ma tured. I have thought
of pulling up the vines and piling
about four rows together and
letting them cure like hay and
use ior winter cow but
do not know wnether they will
cure or not. It is not practicable
to pasture the beans without go
ing to the expense of fencing the
land. Please advise me how to
save the best to the best ad
vantage.
It would be a simple matter to ad
vise you how to handle your velvet
beans provided you had a fence'
around the area in question. Os
course, it would not pay you to erect
a fence if you intend to leave your
present location in so short a time
as your letter indicates.
I have been wondering if you do
happen to have a small amount
of wire or other fencing material
available so that you could put up
a temporary fence around a small
area, say one-eighth or one-fourth
of an acre at a time and move the
fence as often as may be necessary.
This is a common method of prac
tice in some sections of the state
and in many other parts of the coun
try as well. It saves the necessity
of making large investments in fenc
ing and answers every purpose. It
is true that it probably calls -for
the expenditure of some-extra money
in the way of labor, but this is labor
which you can perform yourself.
There are only about two other
methods we could suggest that are
likely to prove of any practical value.
One would be to either herd hogs or
cattle on this areea of land for cer
tain parts of the day. Children can
sometimes do this after they have re
turned from school.
The other plan would be to pick
.the beans, which, of course, involves
a good deal of labor, and then feed
them out as necessary. The bean
dries and becomes very hard as you
doubtless know and is not readily
injured by rain, frost or weevils and
so will keep in good condition for
several months. There would be no
objection to pulling up the vines in
the manner you have Indicated. With
wagon beds you could gather large
quantities of the beans either imme
diately or just as needed.
In feeding them In the lot we
would first soak them thoroughly
so as to soften them. They can then
be fed in an ordinary trough to cat
tle. One should, of course, provide
some kind of roughage and not al
low the animals to engorge them
selves.
Right methods of feeding beans
are quite commonly practiced in some
parts of the state where the crop
is grown on red land. Land of this
character cannot be grazed; hence
the necessity of feeding the beans
in a dry lot in the manner indicated.
I would not gather together large
quantities of green beans and pile
them up as they are likely to heat,
but if they could be spread out in
a thin layer in some outbuilding,
they will cure out all right even if
gathered now. Our idea would Be
to haul them in just as needed.
SEND Z- CATALOG
RIFLES, REVOLVERS, FISHING
TACKLE AND SPORTING GOODS
Fa 13 w. Market. LOUISVIUIKY
HAMILTON RIFLE
ro BOYS
otgix Guns (on Tout 35
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Jing at only REPEATING
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VAVgRLY SVFFLY COL 314
TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 30, 1020.
Results of Experiments
With 25 Cotton Varieties
Announced by Station
The Georgia experiment station
conducted tests of twenty-five varie
ties of cotton on the station farm in
1920. A fertilizer of 8-3-3 formula
was used on the variety test plots,
mixing acid phosphate, blood, sul
phate of ammonia, and Nebraska
potash, and was applied April 23 at
the rate of 500 pounds per acre. The
cotton seed were planted one week
later, under ‘the direction of , Mr.
Buie, former agronomist.
Following the finding of boll wee
vils early ih July the eotton was
dusted frequently and fallen squares
picked up. This is the second year
of weevil infestation in the locality
and they appeared In considerable
number in August. Picking was fin
ished by November Ist and the yield
for the season is given, together
with the amount picked by October
1. The results are stated as pounds
seed cotton per acre.
Yields Total
Variety. Oct. 1. Yields.
1. College No. 1 1110 1590
2. Piedmont Cleveland. 765 1575
3. Ezy Muny 900 1560
4. Scott’s Cleveland .. 780 1530
5. Cook 1214 840 1500
6. Texas Burl2oo 1470
7. Culpepper 960 1440
Agriculture Department
Warns Farmers Against
‘American Coffee Bean’
At frequent intervals in recent
years promoters have resorted to ex
travagant advertising of the merits
of the Jack bean, according to the
United States department of agricul
ture, the latest efforts in this direc
tion that has come to the notice of
the department is unusually extreme
in its praise of this crop: “Mr.
Farmer, $8 Invested in America Cof
fee Beans and Planted on One Acre
Will Bring You in Four Months
$400." I
The American coffee bean is our
old friend the jack bean, says the
department. Ever so often it is ex
ploited as a wonderful new crop.
Long ago it was advertised as “Pear
son” and “Wonder bean.” In
1913 one advertiser called it Wataka,
or Giant Pod stock bean, claiming it
would yield 400 bushels per acre
Last spring it came out as the South
American coffee bean, with the in
formation that it would yield ?00 to'
Here Is The Offer That Broke iTiTff i
Mioe Trust Market! J
’AIRS for Price of ONE s I il
< Shoe—Tan, soft toe, flexible up. i m 1 8
anteed double-strength, add proof, ° S, ‘° ® ®
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Sounds impossible, and W Bi' 2 % ° ■!
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don't send one cent to i
P lo ™]*-
buying daily.
A This Dress Shoe, genuine calf, gun metal finlah—think of It— - C
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Dress Shoe, you will have noth pairs at once. finish. This shoe Is high qual- ■
Don't Send One Cent—Not One Penny workmanship. Wide/com- ■ S’" « a. • i
f ~ pay your postman 57. M. plus postage fee, when the big package sortable easy last. Easy heel. Jo ! I i‘
cfmes. Open the package, see them and try them on. And knot sat- Extra value; our price 15.64. •<4 6u’ *-2 ■ :!
weed return them and we will at once refund your money, including Now sold only under thia ! a u-Su-J v j :•
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Brothers. Law Co. Dept. 20ft 326 South Market Street, Chicago, Illinois.
The Tri-Weekly Journal’s
FREE FRUIT COLLECTION
12 —Guaranteed, Pedigreed Plants —12 6 —Popular, Standard Varieties —6
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Immense clusters of delicious, |, est bi ue O r purple grape ~ .
waxy-white grapes. Remarkably grown, and the universal favorite. Large, wcll-shculaereu, compact
sweet and juicy. Good for wine, More Concords are grown and sold hunches of bright red, beautifully
preserves or jelly. In flavor it much every year than all other varieties, flavored grapes. , Makes Jelly or
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B Dewberry
Large, angular, and slightly it- Vines covered every eummer with Deep red skin, almost black. Pure
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CLIP COUPON ON DOTTED LINE AND MAIL TODAY
I 1
The Atlanta Tri-Weekly Journal, Atlanta, Ga.: »
| Enclosed find $1.50. Send me The Tri-Weekly Journal for ONE FULL YEAR. Also I
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' Name 1
I Postoffice State'.R. F. D. No
i. Wannamaker Cleve-
land 540 1440
9- King 990 1410
10 Bank Account 900 1410
11. Trice 900 1410
12. Hartsville 14 870 1410
13. Webber Deltatype... 750 1410
14. Cook 585 840 1380
15. Jacob’s Big 801 l ... 810 1380
16. Express 930 1350
17. Allen’s Cleveland .. 675 1335
18. Steinheimer’s Cleve-
land 675 1335
19. Webber 49 (long sta-
ple) 660 1290
20. Cook 588 765 1215
21. Cleveland Big 801 l . 735 1215
22. Hardin 690 1170
23. Coker’s Cleveland .. 645 1155
24. Cleveland 829 ...... 600 1110
25. Meade (long stajffe) 450 900
The varieties showing the highest
total yield do not consistently give
the greatest yield to October 1, as
was the case in 1919 when the dif
ferent strains of the Cleveland va
riety were all at the top of the list
Texas Bur gave the highest yield up
to this date, but it stands seventh
in the total-yield column. The dif
ferent strains of Cleveland and Cook
show considerable variation in total
yields.
F. H. SMITH, Chemist.
600 bushels per acre. This fall it
appears as the American coffee bean,
and the seed is offered at $25 a
bushel. The extravagance of this
price is offset by the promise that
each acre of the »><an will yield in
four months’ time a crop worth S4OO.
The jack bean is at most a crop
of very small value. It will- yield a
fairly large crop of green herbage,
but this is so extremely bitter that
it is very difficult to get animals to
elther Breen or as hay. Pos
sibly it may be better as silage The
seen crop varies from 20 to 35 bush
els per acre. The beans are not rel
ished by animals, and cattle do not
make much gain when forced to eat
it, as determined by the work of th-
Mississippi Agricultural Experiment
station. The bean is to a slight ex
tent used as food by Mexicans and
others,'but the flavor is very strong
and in some cases serious digestive
disturbances have been reported. The
seeds contain much urease, a sub
stance used in medicine, but a few
tons of jack beans supply the world’s
annual demand for substance.
All the evidence available indi
cates that the jack bean is not likely
to become of much value to Ameri
can agriculture. Full information
concerning it is contained in the
United States department of agricul
ture circular, No. 92, which can be
secured free on request of the de
partment at Washington, D. C.
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