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6
NEWS AND VIEWS FOR THE PROGRESSIVE FARMER
Editor Leech Outlines
Principles and Progress
Os Cotton Export Plans
BY E. T. LEECH
Editor The Memphis Press
NEW ORLEANS, La.—Out of the
sensational drop in raw cotton prices
and the closing- of Central European
cotton markets, there has developed
here, in the gateway of the south, a
movement which leading southern
financial men declare will revolu
tionize the business of the twelve
principal cotton-growing states.
By December 10, it is expected,
$6,000,000 worth of stock will have
been sold for the creation of a great
southern export bank, and this bank
■will then immediately begin opera
tions in the single line of financing
southern exports, chiefly cotton. The
site of the bank will be New Orleans,
and its entire stock will be subscrib
ed by southern banks and financiers.
Second Bank Organized Under Edge
Law
The bank is unique in that it is the
second export institution organized
under the Edge law, sanctioning the
formation of such combinations in
order to promote foreign trade; and
it will be three times larger than
the first Edge law bank, formed in
the east several months ago.
Almost within the last six weeks
there have developed in the cotton
states two great movements, both
in their infancy, yet both making
such progress that they promise suc
cess.
The first of these relates solely to
the' farmer: it is a general south
wide movement for co-operative
farming organizations to promote
better agriculture and united mar
keting. The second movement is
for co-operative financing of this
marketing chiefly through exporta
tion, and its best example in this
new export bank, although there are
several other export associations on
foot which promise some degree of
success.
These movements are not simply of
sectional interest. They vitally af
fect the w hole nation.
Capitalization of 912,000,000 Planned
The Federal Foreign Finance cor
poration, the name of the new south
ern export bank, came into life her*
at a meeting of more than 100 lead
ing bankers from the entire south.
New Orleans bankers pledged more
than $1,000,000 stock and all banks
in the south are being asked to sub
scribe at least 3 per cent of their
capital and surplus. Although , a
minimum capitalization of $6,000,0‘00
■was provided, plans call for an ul
timate capital of twice that amount.
"A bank of $12,000,000 can finance
Laid Eggs
Every Day
®SSfi*C’-? M\
Z’MSHfH t.\.<’ ‘%>4’X£SSs*-*''-*39«£
£Kv*. (l- VvV
Mrs. F. Bock, Albany, N. Y., writes:
“Out of six hens I got six eggs daily. I
bave found your ‘More Eggs’ Tonic a great
•access.” Os course, no one could reason
ably expect Reefer’s "More Eggs” to make
•uch a wonderful record witli every flock,
but letters from thousands of users tell how
this wonderful egg producer brought them
big egg yields all fall and winter —bigger
egg profits than ever. Give your hens a few
cents worth of "More Eggs” the wonderful
egg producer, and you will be amazed and
delighted with results.
Now is the time to give “More
Eggs” to your hens, while prices are high
and profits big. Don’t let your hens loaf:
make them lay. "More Eggs” Tonic has
done this for 400,000 chicken raisers all over
the country. It will do the same for you.
BMb »
\ ■ B 'W feO
If you wish to try this great profit maker,
•Imply write a postcard or letter to E. J.
Keefer, the poultry expert, 3519 Reefer
bldg., Kansas City, Mo., and ask for his
special $2.00 offer, three SI.OO packages
Free. Don’t send any money. Mr. Reefer
will send you five SI.OO packages of “More
Eggs.” You pay the postman upon delivery
only $2.00, the price of just two packages,
the three extra packages being free. The
Million Dollar Merchants Bank of Kansas
City, Mo., guarantees if you are not abso
lutely satisfied, your $2.00 will be returned
«t any time, within 30 days—on request.
No risk to you. Write today for this spe
cial free offer.
50 Eggs a Day
I received you “More Eggs” tonic and
found it was a great Godsend. I was only
getting 12 eggs a day and now I am getting
80 per day.—MYRTLE ICE, Boston, Ky.
Seven Times the Eggs
I have 24 six months pullets and was get
ting two and three eggs a day, and after
using your "More Eggs” for two weeks my
egg yield went up to 17 to 21 eggs a day.
J. H. WALKER, Mendota, 111.
Put Hens in Fine Condition
Your “More Eggs” Tonic is wonderful. 7
never saw such a change in poultry as your
“More Eggs” makes. It is wine.
F. E. SCWAMP, Minnie, W. Va.
1200 Eggs from 29 Hens
The “More Eggs” Tonic did wonders for
me. I had 29 hens when I got the tonic and
was getting five or six. eggs a day. April i
Ist I had over 1200 eggs. I never saw the
equal. EDW. MERKER, Pontiac, Mich.
Gets Eggs All Year
Have several friends that wish to use
your "More Eggs” Tonic after seeing that
I have been so successful in getting eggs all
through the year and moulting season.
MRS. J. MEDARIS, Dale, Tex.
24 Eggs a Day During Moulting
Your "More Eggs” Tonic certainly puts
hens in good condition for laying. I had
175 hens that were moulting and I began
feeding them your Tonic and got nearly 2
doz. eggs a day.
S. J. FRANKENBERGER, Loganton.Pa.
S2OO Worth of Eggs from 44 Hens
I never used “More Eggs” Tonic until
last December, then just used one SI.OO
package and have sold over S2OO worth of
eggs from 44 hens. "More Eggs” Tonic did
it. »
A. a. THODE. Sterling, Kan., R. No. 2.
Box 47.
Remember, these are just a few letters
Cut of thousands! You, too, can increase
you. profits.
Send No Money!
Don’t send an}' money, just fill in i. yd
and mail coupon. You will be sent,
at once, five SI.OO packages of v]
"MORE EGGS.” Pay the postman
upon delivery only $2.00. the three Eg
extra packages being FREE. Don’t g|
wait —take advantage of this free of- W
fer TODAY! Reap the BIG profits W
"MORE EGGS” will make for you. ’
Have plenty of eggs to sell when the
price is highest. Send TODAY’ —
NOW!
•■■■■••■a■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■«■■■■■■(
3 SI.OO Pkgs. Free
E. J Reefer, Poultry i. ii. 3519 Keefer
Bldg., Kansas City, Mo.
Dear Mr. Reefer:—l accept your offer.
Send me the five SI.OO packages of Reef
er’s "More Egggs” for which T agree to
pay the postman $2.00 when he brings me
the five packages, the three extra packages
being free. You agree to refund me $2.00 at
any time within 30 days, if all five of these
packages do not prove satisfactory in ev
ery way.
Name
Address
You may send $2.00 cash with this cou
pon if you prefer.
THE ATLANTA TRI-WEEKLY JOURNAL.
exports to the amount of 10 times its
capital stock, largely through a sys
tem of trade acceptances,” Moore
head Wright, Little Kock bank pres
ident and one of the directors of the
new organization, declared.
Although the new bank will fi
nance exports of cotton, rice, sugar
and lumber—the south’s leading
products—it is expected chiefly at
present to furnish an outlet for near
ly 6,000,000 bales of “holdover” cot
ton from the last few years.
May Use Wireless
To Give Market News
To Nation’s Farmers
Arrangements for trying out the
wireless as a mfeans of sending out
■ agricultural market news to the
farmers of the country are being
made by the United States depart
ment of agriculture. The trial serv
ice will be offered to half a dozen
or more counties adjacent to the
District of Columbia, going out
probably from the wireless station
i of the federal bureau of standards
to numeerous private licensed opera
tors who would aid in distributing
the reponts to farmers and others
interested in the territory covered.
Should the experiment prove
practicable the service will be ex
tended to other parts of the coun
try. Although no system, of divid
ing the country and of operation
has been determined upon as yet, the
plan favored at the present time
calls for the use of 17 wireless sta
tions throughout the country. There
would be ten 250-mile radius sta
tions. eight in the east where mar
ket centers are more numerous and
closer together, and two in the far
west; two 300-mile radius stations
to reach the outlying points of
Maine and New York, to be located
in the northeastern part of the
country, and five 500-mile radius
stations west of the Mississippi
river.
Each of the distributing radio sta
tions would be connected with the
Washington office and with the oth
er distributing stations by leased
telegraph wires, and twice a day
would receive for immediate release
by wireless a summarized report o
market conditions and quotations at
principal market centers and ship
ping points. Detailed reports of
market conditions in the immediate
territory served would also be re
leased, as well as crop and weather
reports issued by the United States
department of agriculture.
Effort Is Being Made
By Farm Bureau to
Solve Milk Problem
CHICAGO, Ill.—There ’is a big
surplus of milk in the country
and milk prices generally should be
lower than they are, J. W. Cover
dale, secretary of the American Farm
Bureau federation, said here in ex
planation of the federation’s call
for a national conference of milk
producers. The conference, he said,
aims to work out some better meth
of of marketing milk and will con
sider the possibilities of co-opera
tion.
“A number of condenseries abso
lutely refuse to buy milk and many
producers don’t know what to do
with a large part of their supply,”
Mr. Coverdale said. “In New York
state producers have put up several
of their own condenseries and have
bought several more that had closed.
They propose to can their milk and
lay it away on the shelves until
the time when the public will want it.
“There is so much milk without
a demand for it that I think milk
could be sold for less and still pay
out. People would use more of it.
Some of the people are not using
as much milk as they should.
“The present difficulty dates back,
I think, to the high price of sugar.
Sugar is used in condensing milk
and the condenseries filled their
shelves with milk put up at a
price. There is no export sale and
the condenseries are trying to force
the consumer to buy this milk. The I
people are not doing it, and the re
sult is there is too much condensed
milk in the country.”
Government to Put
Rice Experiment
Station in Georgia
In the announcement 'that the gov
ernment has decided to place a rice
experiment station in Georgia and
has selected provisionally a site at
Thalman Junction, in Glynn county,
not far from Brunswick on the line
of the Seaboard and A. B. and A.
railroads, leaders in the Advertise
Georgia Enterprise declared Monday
they saw another evidence of the
necessity for advertising Georgia’s
natural resources and thus develop
ing the state both agriculturally and
industrially. The rice station, they
said, will be one of only three in
the entire country, the others being
in Louisiana and South Carolina.
Subscriptions to the Advertise
Georgia Enterprise are being receiv
ed daily by Governor Hugh M. Dor
sey, to whom checks are made pay
able as general chairman. Among
the subscriptions ackonwledged Mon
day was one for $250 from W. E.
Richards, division manager of the
Virginia-Carolina Chemical company.
This Kind of Bait
Is Deadly to Rats
A study of barium carbonate as a
rat poison, made by the United
States department of agriculture, in
dicates that a 20 per cent mixture
with food makes a satisfactory bait.
With this percentage a rat ordinar
ily needs to eat only one-third or
three-eighths of a meal of average
size to get a fatal dose. It was
found that with this dose many of
the rats poisoned died within 24
hours, though an occasional rat was
found which survived an even larger
amount, thus indicating that 100 per
cent mortality is not to be expected
in any case.
A summary of results of experi
ments conducted by various persons
with a view to determining the dead
liness of barium to different animals
shows the fallacy of the assumption
that barium is poisonous only to
rats. It is pointed out that the fatal
dose of barium per pound tends to
decrease relatively as the size of
the animal increases, and that a bait
calculated to be fatal to rats may
be assumed to be more or less dan
gerous to small domestic animals
also.
County Agent Finds
New Peanut Market
One of the functions of the county
agent under the co-operative exten\
sion system carried on by the United
States department of agriculture and
the state colleges of agriculture is
to devise new channels for marketing
stock and produce. In Barham coun
ty, Ala., mill prices on peanuts
were lower than the farmers deemed
profitable. Through the efforts of the
county agent, 23 carloads, 460 tons,
Iwere sold to the confectionery trade
at an advance of $17,250 over the
mill prices. Co-operative marketing
saved the farmers from S3O to $37.50
a ton. 4,
KIDS START T 0 WORK EARLY
.1
ill 1 '
'W I -wi / jKWF
SINGAPORE.—They start them off to work early in Singapore.
Half-naked children, like the one shown above, are frequently seen
carrying water from the well to their homes.
Government Expert Say
Well-Cared-For Garden
Is Farm Money-Maker
Whether it is conducted on an ex
tensive scale to supply the market
or whether it is to produce food for
the family the garden plot is likely
to be the most profitable acreage On
the farm. Gardening, really begins
in the fall. When tifc last vegeta
bles have been removed and stored
the prudent gardener sets about to
prepare the ground for the next
year’s crop.
Clearing Away Refuse
Any rubbish, dead vines or plants,
and bean poles or tomato stakes
should be cleared away, says the
United States department of agricul
ture, and the ground sown to rye or
some other green crop to prevent
the loose earth from washing under
the winter rains. A cover crop also
improves the physical condition of
the soil. When a cover crop cannot
be supplied the next best thing that
may be done is to plow or spade the
soil and allow it to lie rough through
out the winer. This practice destroys
Hotbed Furnishes Early Vegetables at a Time When They Com
mand Highest Market Prices.
many insects that lie just below the
surface. The winter frosts have a
lightening effect upon the soil, espe
cially on clay soils.
The earliest and choicest vegetables
are harvested by the man who main
tains a few hotbed sashes and uses
wiem to start his garden. He is able
to handicap the frost line by several
weeks, and to set strong, well-devel
oped plants in his garden at a time
when his neighbors are planting seed.
The far mincome is at its lowest
point in the early spring, but it can
be increased considerably by the sale
of young plants grown in the hot
beds and ready for transplanting.
Tomato, cabbage, eggplant and pep
per plants are always snapped up
when the first warm planting days
come, and they are easily grown in
the hotbed. A little more space and
a little more seed than the grower
needs for his own use are likely to
bring good profits. Before the
ground freezes in the fall is a good
time to clean out the old hotbeds.
Unless the soil used in the hotbed
Sunshine Is Fine
As Cholera Remedy
A few days’ work in the pig pens
and yards scraping, disinfecting
and cleaning is pretty good hog-chol
era insurance, says the United States
department of agriculture. Strict san
itation is the best aid the farmer
can give to the work of the hog
cholera serum. It is unwise and un
economical to depend entirely upon
the serum to protect the swine from
this costly disease. In 1918, the
farmers paid a serum bill of over
$5,000,000 and they still lost $60,000,-
000 worth of pigs'. There can be no
doubt as to the effectiveness of the
serum treatment, but the sensible
farmer will do what he can with
shovel, hoe and disinfectant to re
move the cause of the trouble. The
threat of cholera is always present
so long as there are undrained cess
pools and walows. Straw stacks
should never be left from one year
to the next if they are where the
hogs can reach them. Shelters and
pens should be so constructed that
they may be easily cleaned and ex
posed to the sunlight. A few days
devoted to work of this sort in the
fall when the hogs have been taken
from the pens will do much to pro
tect the herds of another year.
End of 50-Year Quarrel
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.—A quarrel that
lasted fifty years was settled when Mjss
Mary Rockwell became the bride of her
sweetheart of half a century ago, Orville D.
Lyon.
is to be exchanged for fresh earth
it should be shoveled from the bed
and tossed into a pile nearby. The
decayed manute from the bottom is
scattered over the pile and thorough
ly mixed with it to form rich soil
for next year’s beds. Over this goes
a coat of straw or leaves held down
by bits of board to keep it from
blowing.
Some farmers find it convenient
to use evergreen boughs instead of
straw for the outer covering.
New hotbed pits should be dug
so that they will face the south, and
ihe location should be selected so
chat the bedsVvill be protected from
cold north winds and late spring
’storms. Sometimes the earth taken
from the new pit is suitable for use
in the hotbed, but this is the ex
ception rather than the rule. A few
loads of leaf mold from the woods
mixed with the natural soil will often
form a smooth, rich stoneless mass
which gives an ideal hotbed filler.
The back or north side of the frame
is usually from twelve to eighteen
inches high, while the south end is
about eight inches, so that the whole
bed may have pitch enough to get
the sun upon all parts. The stand
ard hotbed sash is handled by most
dealers, and measures three feet in
width and six feet in length. A
frame just wide enough to support
the sash seems to be the most sat
isfactory, though wider beds are
sometimes used with supporting
ridges placed at six-foot intervals. A
well-painted cypress sash, glazed with
good double-strength glass well set
in putty should give the careful gard
dener twelve to fifteen years’ serv
ice.
Heat for the hotbed is furnished by
means of a bed of horse manure
eight to sixteen, inches thick in the
bottom of the pit. Permanent hot
beds are often heated with coils
of steam or hot-water pipes under
the bed.
Hotbeds require constant care to
prevent their becoming overheated,
especially during bright weather.
Canada Pays Farmers
Wheat Dividend of
18 Cents Per Bushel
WINNIPEG, Manitoba.—A final
dividend of 18 cents a bushel
will be paid to farmers by the
Cana.dian wheat board, accord
ing to an announcement made after
a recent audit of the books of the
board. The payment will be made on
“participation certificates,” the
method used by the Canadian gov
ernment to return to farmers profit
made by the government on their
1919 wheat above the guaranteed
price.
This payment will bring the 1919
price, based on northern wheat in
storage at Fort William, to $2.63 a
bushel or an average price through
out the year of $2.50 at points of
shipment in Manitoba, Saskatchewan
and Alberta.
The board has already distribut
ed $38,000,000 on interim dividends
and payment of the remainder of
$28,000,000, it is expected, will be
completed before the first of the
year. More than $60,000,000 repre
sents the share of farmers in the
prairie provinces. The other $6,000,-
000 will go to eastern Canada and
British Columbia.
A Long Story
(Boston Transcript.)
Hub (who wants his dinner)—Nearly 8
o’clock. And you said you were just going
to step in next door to see how Mrs. Gabble
ton was.
Wise —Well, she insisted on telling me.
5 TRUNK LINE
HIGHWAYS FOR
SOUTH GEORGIA
In the Second and Eleventh con
gressional districts, which together
form tile southern boundary of Geor
gia, the state highway department
is constructing five main trunk line
routes and a number of inter-con
necting routes as a part of the ulti
mate system of state highways that
will link every county seat in Geor
gia.
The highway department today
gave out for the information of the
public a statement showing the work
under construction in the Second
and Eleventh districts, which em
brace the counties of Baker, Cal
houn, Colquitt, Decatur. Dougherty,
Early, Grady, Miller, Mitchell. Tift,
Thomas, Worth, Appling, Atkinson,
Bacon, Berrien, Brooks, Camden,
Charlton, Clinch, Coffee, Cook, Ech
ols, Glynn, Irwin, Jeff Davis, Pierce,
Lowndes, Ware and Wayne. These
counties extend in a tier across the
southern end of Georgia from Ala
bama to the Atlantic ocean.
It is the purpose of the highway
'department to give the public a de
tailed account of the highway work
•in progress in every section of the
state, and the statement dealing with
the Second and Eleventh districts
is tlie first of these. In subsequent
statements the department will de
scribe the work in other sections.
Through the southern tier of
counties, as stated above, there are
now being constructed four main
highways north and south, and one
main highway east and west. The
north and south highways are the
ones connecting Chattanooga, Tenn.,
with Tallahassee, Fla., which runs
down the western part of the state;
the National Highway, or Georgia’s
part of it. from New York to Jack
sonville, and running from Macon
down through the south central part
of the state!; the Dixie Highway,
begins at Chicago and ends
at Miami, Fla., and runs also through
south-central Georgia; and the Ma
con-Brunswick highway, which trav
erses the southwestern part of the
state. The east and west highway
runs from Savannah on the south
east corner of Georgia to Bainbridge
on the southwest corner of the state.
Thus the southern tier of counties,
when these main trunks have been
finished, will be criss-crossed by four
principal highways running north
and south, each one traversing a
different section, and by the great
Savannah-Bainbridge trunk connect
ing two sections of the state which
have heretofore been isolated.
On the extreme western side of the
state, which is the Chattanooga-Tal
lahassee route, there are under con
struction the following projects:
Steel and concrete bridge over the
Flynt river at Albany, which is 60
per cent complete, 'and will cost
$295,000.
Sixteen miles of sand clay road
in Mitchell county between Camilla
and the Dougherty cotinty line,
which is 40 per cent complete and
will cost $145,000.
Concrete and steel bridge over
Ochlochnee river in Thomas county
between Thomasville and Camilla,
which is 95 per cent complete and
will cost $96,000.
The Savannah-Bainbridge trunk
highway has under construction the
following projects:
Six concrete bridges over Tired
creek and its tributaries in Grady
county, the total cost of which will
be $59,000, and which are more than
90 per cent complete. Four other
bridges in Grady county have been
surveyed and approved.
Nine miles of sand clay road and
four concrete bridges in Thomas
county between Thomasville and
Boston, which will cost $40,000.
Seven milesr of bituminous ma
cadam road m Brooks county be
tween Quitman and Blue Springs.
This is 87 per cent complete and will
cost $220,000. Also a steel and con
crete bridge over the Withlacoochee
river at Blue Springs to cost $53,-
000. The two counties are paying
part of the cost of this bridge.
Eight miles of sand clay road in
Clinch county between Homerville
and Waycross, costing $42,000. The
i plans have been approved for this
! project and the wobk will start
! shortly.
Nine miles of sand clay road in
I Bierce county between Blackshear
and the Wayne county line, togeth
! er with a concrete bridge, the whole
to . cost $143,000.
I Thirteen miles of sand clay road
in Liberty county between Ludowici
I and Hinesville, the survey of which
I project is now being completed.
Concrete bridge across the Flint
river at Bainbridge in Decatur coun
ty.
On the National Highway, which in
south Georgia runs from Macon to
Jacksonville, the following projects
are underway:
Six miles of paved road in Tift
county from Tifton to the Cook coun
ty line to cost $184,000.
Eight miles of concrete road from
Adele, in Cook county towards Tif
ton. This work is 30 per cent com
plete and will cost $70,000.
Five miles of concrete road from
Valdosta running north in Lowndes
county. T'. is is 65 per cent com
plete and will cost $71,000. Also in
Lowndes county, five miles of con
crete road from Lake Park to the
Florida line, which will cost $150,-
000.
The Dixie Highway, Georgia’s por
tion of which runs from the Blue
Ridge mountains to the Florida line,
traverses an important section of the
Eleventh district, and includes four
teen miles of sand clay road between
Nashville and Milltown in Berrien
and Lanier counties, which will be
started soon, and eight miles of sand
clay road in Echols county between
Statenville and Melrose, also on this
route are seven miles of paved road
in Ware county, running south from
Waycross, which will cost $155,000;
nineteen miles of bituminous macad
am road in Charlton county with
four concrete bridges; and eleven
miles of sand clay road in Bacon
county from Alma to the Ware coun
ty line.
On the Macon-Brunswick trunk line
are included the following projects;
Eight miles of concrete road in
Glynn county from Brunswick run
ning north, to cost $277,000, and a
contemplated project of eleven miles
of sand clay road in the same county.
Three and a half miles of sand
■slay road from Jesup, running east,
rto cost $79,000, which has been sur
veved and approved.
Seven miles of sand clay road
from Hazlehurst to Lumber City in
Jeff Davis county, which is being
surveyed.
Legislation Sought to
Prevent Gambling in
Grain Futures by Tax
WASHINGTON. Nov. 30.—Preven
tion of gambling in grain futures
through a prohibitive tax on all spec
ulative deals in grain is to be sought
by Senator Capper, of Kansas, as
the chief item in a program of leg
islation which he intends to propose
soon after congress meets next
week.
Senator Capper, who arrived in
Washington Monday, said the anti
grain gambling bill probably will
provide for a tax of 10 per cent of
the value of the goods involved on
all speculative deals in grain. This
would practically prohibit such deals,
he said.
Other items in Senator Capper’s
program include re-establishment of
the war finance corporation to pro
vide credit for home manufacturers
and farmers; provision for credit to
foreign nations to stimulate foreign
trade; strict governmental economy
and reduction of the vast army of
government clerks. He also plans
to urge immediate return to the
United States of all American sol
diers now on foreign soil.
THURSDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1920.
Extra Care in Cleaning
Cowpeas for Market
Pays Valuable Profit
Until the growers see fit to place
their cowpeas on the market in a
clean and attractive condition they
may expect the wide difference be
tween the price they receive and
the wholesale price charged by the
dealer to continue, say marketing
specialtists of the bureau of mar
kets, United Slates department of
agriculture. When the dealer is
bompelled to do work that the grow
er fails to perform, it is the dealer
who enjoys the profits.
Marketing Factors
According to estimates prepared
by the bureau of markets some 100,-
000,000 pounds of cowpeas enter com
mercial channels every year. Os
this quantity 25 per cent is of mixed
varieties and sold at a discount of
from fifty cents to $1 per 100 pounds.
A large percentage of it also is made
up of poorly thrashed, unclean stock
containing much foreign matter and
packed in second-hand bags, improp
erly sewed. As a result of the use
of these inefficient marketing meth
ods the average wholesale selling
price for recleaned stock during the
spring of 1920 was 60 per cent high
er than the average price paid the
growers for the 1919 crop of cow
peas. Similar conditions prevailed
with regard to the 1917 and 1918
crops.
To secure higher prices for cow
peas, specialists of the bureau of
markets who have made a careful in
vestigation of the matter recommend
the following practices:
1. Clean cowpeas thoroughly be
fore marketing. All hulls and other
foreign matter, as well as light and
immature seed, if any, should be fan
ned out.
2. Keep the varieties pure. Only
straight varieties should be planted
for grain or seed production, and
precautions taken to prevent mixing
at harvest time.
3. Sack in new even-weight bags,
well sewed. This prevents waste in
handling and the package will be
more attractive to the buyer.
4. Market in as large lots as pos
sible. It costs the shipper or local
dealer practically as much money
to receive, weigh, record, and pay
for one bag of cowpeas as it does a
ten-bag lot. If car lots are avail
able the cost of handling per unit is
still smaller.
All efforts made by farmers or
growers to improve the quality and
marketability of cowpeas add to the
initial selling price. The operations
outlined above must be performed by
someone along the line of distribu
tion if the product is to bring the
highest prices, and the agency that
does the work is not only reimbursed
the cost but earns an additional mar
gin of profit as well.
Cause of Shortage
, Cowpeas are usually grown as a
catch crop, and on most farms re
garded of secondary commercial im
portance. Yet the farm value of
cowpeas produced in United States
is something like $30,000,000 a year.
Approximately 750,000,000 pounds of
cowpeas are produced annually, about
45 per cent or, or 340,000,000, pounds
of which is required for planting. Os
this latter quantity, 15 per cent is
sold by growers direct to farmers and
30 per cent normally enters commer
cial channels to be distributed by
various dealers. In 1919, and again
in 1920, the demand for cowpeas for
planting purposes exceeded the com
mercial new crop supply, and abnor
mally high prices prevailed. Despite
this shortage and the high prices,
practically no effort was made to in
crease the commercial supply.
In the opinion of the bureau of
markets the commercial shortage
was not due to decreased production,
but to failure on the part of the
growers to prepare more of their
cowpeas for commercial distribution.
To increase the commercial supply it
is seemingly necessary for growers
simply to conserve the supply pro
duced, and to prepare and market
more of it for planting purposes.
Such action would directly result in
a larger profit to producers of cow
peas for seed and indirectly benefit
farmer consumers who desire to
grow the crop for purposes other
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Immense clusters of delicious, T h e best b ] ue or p l]rp ] e grape
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’ Name
State R. F. D. N 0......... [
Velvet Beans Give
Good Winter Grazing
For Cattle and Hogs
Velvet beans are an important
grazing crop for cattle and hogs in
the South in autumn and winter, ac
cording to specialists of the United
States department of agriculture.
They are not grazed well by horses
or mules, or by any live stock until
after they are well matured t or
frosted. As the leaves, vines, and
pods decay but slowly when sub
jected to weather conditions, velvet
beans will furnish feed until early
spring. It is usually better to let the
crop stand until it is well matured
or until it is killed by frost, as the
leaves will be off the plants at that
time and the cprn which has been
planted at the same time may be
gathered with less difficulty.
The amount of grazing which will
be afforded will, of course, vary with
the growth of the crop and the quan
tity of corn not gathered, but it is
the custom with many cattlemen to
allow one-third to one-half acre a
month for each steer or cow. The
usual period for pasturing velvet
beans is about three months, but this
may be shortened or lengthened as
deemed advisable. When the period
is longer because of large acreage in
proportion to the number of cattle
there is necessarily some loss of feed
through decay.
Hogs should be permitted to follow
the cattle, as they will consume
practically all the beans which the
cattle fail to get. A common prac
tice is to allow one or two hogs in
addition to the cattle for each acre
of beans. A good stand of velvet
beans should produce about 150
pounds of beef and 100 pounds of
pork an acre.
“Sweet Potato Speical”
For Carolina Counties
With a view to cutting down the
waste between the grower and the
consumer of sweet potatoes, .an ex
hibition car known as “The! Sweet
Potato Special,” was sent through
nineteen counties of South Carolina
during September and October by the
United States department of agri
culture extension service, and Clem
son Agricultural college, the co
operation of several railroad com
panies. The car carried demonstra
tion material on the proper harvest
ing, storage, preparation and market
ing of sweet potatoes, together with
a model of a practical sweet potato
storage house.
Farmers in South Carolina, in com
mon with ten other southern states-,
market only a small proportion ot
their crop. The department, through
the co-operative extension service,
aims to cut down this waste through
promulgating better methods.
than grain production. To feed cow
peas suitable for planting purposes
to live stock is a practice that grow
ers should readily perceive unprofit
able in view of the prices that cow
peas now command. The harvest of
the 1920 crop of cowpeas is well un
der way, being completed in many
sections, and the commercial surplus
will begin to move from the farmers’’
hands within a few weeks. The
growers have ample time in which to
prevent a repetition of the experience
of the past three years and to receive
profits commensurate with the effort
expended.
PEACH & APPLE
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CLEVELAND TIRE AND RUBBER CO?
3105 Michigan Avenue Chicago, IM.
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Genuine Song-o-phone cornet, solid metal, high’?
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Jewelry Novelties at 10c each.
Eagle Watch Co.. Dept. 461. East Boston. Mass.
Log Saw or mJ
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