Newspaper Page Text
6
Tri-Weekly Market Reports
COTTON
NEW YORK, May I.—The cotton
market opened steady today at a
decline of 12 points to an advance
of 7 points, near-months being lower
under overnight selling orders, while
later deliveries were influenced by
the storm news from eastern belt
sections. Liverpool was relatively
firm, however, and after initial of
ferings here had been absorbed, the
market ruled steady on covering and
trade buying.
May advanced from 29.35 to 29.53
and October sold up from 24.25 to
24.4", making net advances of about
6 to 17 pouts. No further notices
were reported but there was not
much demand for May, apparently,
and the bulge met some further
• liquidation.
On the impression that the worst
of yesterday's storm had been in
sections where it would do little
harm to crop prospects, selling con
tinued and the eirly reaction carried
May off to 29.30. October sold down
to 24.23, making net declines of about
7 to 11 points, but towards midday
there was a flurry of covering by
near month shorts which sent prices
up to 29.63 for May and 24.4a for
October with the. active positions
showing net advances of 15 to 23
points.
The midday advance carried
• five months 23 to 46 points net
higher, May selling at 29.85 and Oc
tober at 24.55. Reports that con
siderabl ereplanting would be nec
essary in the southwest led to buy
ing of new crop, but demand taper
ed off and the market was quiet
around 2 o’clock.
NEW YORK COTTON
Tli* following were the ruling price* la
•he exchange today:
steady; middling, 30.30 c; Quiet.
Last Pre*.
Open. High. Low. Sale. Close. Close.
May .. 29.40 30.0 S 29.35 20.97 29.90 29.47
July .. 27.50 28..50 27.74 28.37 28.35 27.85
O<t. .. 24.25 24.65 24.23 21.53 24.50 24.30
Dee. ... 23.74 24.05 23.08 23.92 23.92 2370
Jan. .. 23.42 23.63 23.40 23.58 23.57 23.35
10:45 a. ni. bids, steady. .May. 29.45;
July, 27.87; October, 21.30; December,
43.75’ January, 23.43.
NEW ORLEANS COTTON
NEW ORLEANS, May I.—The
cotton market opened quiet, first
trades showing irregular gains of
18 points on May and 3 to 5 on later
Liverpool was very fav
orable and all news developments
were constructive, such as the re
duction in the rediscount rate of
the New York federal reserve dis
trict, private reports of heavy rains
and cold weather and expectations
of liberal exports again today. Aft
fer the opening prices fluctuated
somewhat aimlessly within a range
of 10 to 17 points, July trading at
27.55 and October at 23.73 at the
highest.
. After ruling very quiet a good part
of the morning and easing off 5 to
7 points under tlie early lows on old
crop months, tlie market developed
a moderate spurt, of activity later on
reports of considerable weevil in
south Texas an da firmer stock
vrnarket, due to the lowering of the
Rediscount rate by the New York
Federal Reserve bank. July traded
to 27.79 or 44 points up from the low
find 34 points above the previous
close. October rallied 27 points to
23.83, or 18 points above yesterday's
close.
The market continued to improve
fitter mid-session and showed some
what more activity. I’rices advanc
ed on shorts covering owing to the
better stock market and the contin
ued rather free exports which total
ed 15.202 bales for the day and arc
now 807,000 bales in excess of last
season. July advanced to 27.95 or 50
points above the previous close while
October traded as high as 23.90 or 25
points net higher. Tlie market at
the beginning of the last naif hour
of trading was at the top.
NEW ORLEANS COTTON
Tb* following were in* ruling price* t*
<t>» exchange today:
Tone, steady ; middling, 30.65e; steady.
Last t'rev
Open. High. I.ow Sale Close. Close
May .. 29.48 29.95 29.33 29.88 29.88 29.30
July .. 27.50 28.08 27.35 27.95 27.95 27.45
Oct. .. 23.68 23.9 t 23.56 23.90 23.90 23.65
Dec. .. 2;1.39 23.67 23.30 23.64 23.60 23.35
Jan. .. 23.52 23.52 23.51 23.51 23.51 23.28
11 a. 11l bids steady. May 29.69; inly
17. "9: October, 23.84; December, 23.60,
January, 23.13.
SPOT COTTON
Atlanta, steady, 30c.
New York, steady, 30.30 c.
New Orleans, steady, 30.65 c.
Galveston, steady. 30.50 c.
Mobile, steady, 30c.
Savannah, steady, 29.65 c.
Wilmington, steady, 29.50 c.
■ Norfolk, steady, 30.40 c.
Boston, nominal.
Dallas, steady, 29.60 c.
Montgomery, steady, 29.50 c.
Houston, steady, 30.25 c.
Memphis, steady, 30.25 c.
■ Little Boek, steady, ;1i.25c.
Augusta, steady. 29.80 c.
ATLANTA SPOT COTTON
Atlanta spot cotton 30c
Receipts .",67
Shipments 7<2
Stocks 17,891
LIVERPOOL
LIVERPOOL, May I.—Cotton, spot, fair
demand; prices steady; good middling,
18.16 d; fully middling, 17.716; middling,
17.21 d; low middling, 16.360: goo tlordinar.v,
15.36 d: ordinary, 1 l.Stid. Sales, 8,000 hale-,
including 4.200 American. Receipts, 4,000
bn les, no American.
1 Futures closed quiet, net 8 to 15 points
higher than previous close.
Tone, quiet; sales, 8,000; good middling,
IS.IGd.
Prev.
Open. High. Close.
May 16.95 17.02 16.87
■lune 16.80 16.67
•Inly 16.38 16.43 16.31
August 15.68 15.5 S
September 11.92 14.84
October 14.29 14.29 14 JU
November 13.96 13.86
December 13.85 13.71
January 13.71 13.72 L’L6O
February 13.63 13.50
March 13.58 13.61 1;; as t
April 13 “" 5 1313
COTTONSEED OIL MARKET
Open. Close.
May 9.9or<i lu.tio 9.90(0 9.9 s
Inn* IM.OOfti 10.20 in.onio 10.20
Inly 10.19(0 19.20 10.20ta10.2l i
Yltgust 10.25feR1.32 10.'.’life 10.36
September ... 10.355r1ti.3S JO.3Sfe io. II
October 9.SO(u) 9.95 9.75 m 10.00
November .... 9.10(a' 9.20 9.lofe> 9.30
December .... S.9ota 9.10 9.00fe 9.25
Tone, steady sale-. 15.900.
METAL MARKET
NEW TQRK, Ms, 1 —Copper quiet; elec- I
Holvtic »’>>• and (utmes, 13',fe13-%<’. Tin
easy; spv». sud nearby, $47.55fe'48.00; n
tnres. >4- *9(a-}7.,50. Iron stead., : prices
un-hanceu Lead steady; spot $7.75fe8.00. i
Zine, stesjy: East St. Louis spot and
nearby, s«.s.t*-fe 5.85. Antimony, $9.25.
Naval Stores
SAVANNAH, t,-i_. Max 1. Turpentine,
firm, Ssc: sale'. 177: receipts, 671; ship
ments. 378 sto< k. 6. IOS,
Rosin, firm: sales. 1.371: receipts. 1,740; I
shipments 1 .<>o7: stock. >59.220.
Quote; B Sl.3ofe t. 40: D, $4.45fe4 50; E. |
t4.35fe4.60: F. SL6O-0 4.6,’rt H. M imM i
«.«7%: I. «1.67',fe t.72’,. :6 K. $4,750 1 sp ; |
M. S4.SO(P LBS: N. $4.90m5.05; window
glass, J5.8cji5.85; water white, $6.50.
GRAIN MARKET - OPINIONS
T.amsou Bros.: Trading markets are prob
able.
Bartlett. Frailer A- Co.- Wheat is entitled
’to a reaction. Corn needs a revival of cash
demand
Bnlburd. Warn n A Cu . : The market is in
an unnatural position. ;
Harris. Winthrop A Co the conviction !
eclat* that this is a good tune to keep close j
to ebore.
THE Dl.AxlA liii lli EnlA jOBKNAb
[ GRAIN |
CHICAGO, May L—lt was a slow
changing’ market in wheat today.
Price changes in the aggregate were
not marked. Deliveries on May con
tracts, 3,851,000 bushels, exceeded
expectations but the wheat market
was well absorbed and failed to have
any weight on the market. A big
milling company is said to have se
cured 1,500,000 bushels and the best
of it probably will be sorted out and
shipped to their eastern plant. Car
riers bought May and sold July
shifting hedges and there was 7 ini
tiation of May and replacing in the
July by some of the longs. Kansas
City reported 1,650,000 bushels of
wheat delivered to May longs there
and Minneapolis had delivers of 200,-
000 bushels. Improved milling de
mand for wheat was reported and
one house reported 250,000 bushels
of red wheat sold to eastern mills.
Export sales of 300,000 bushels of
Manitohas were reported early from
the seaboard. Snow estimates win
ter wheat crop at 560,000,000 bushels
and Murray at 559,225,000 bushels.
Wheat rallied in the last half
hour and closing prices were 3-8 to
3-4 higher. Locals were caught
short in May, and there was buying
of July against sales in Winnipeg.
May, $1,03 7-8 to $1.04; July; $1.06
to $1,05 7-8; September, $1,07 1-8; De
cember, $1.09 5-8.
Action of the corn market was
much the same as in wheat. There
was a little selling by elevators and
the balance of the trading was shift
ing over of hedges at 1 1-2 cents
difference. Deliveries of May con
tracts were 1.105,000 bushels. Ship
ping demand for corn was slow. Cash
corn basis was unchanged.
Corn closed 1-8 higher to 1-8 lower.
May, 76 7-8 to 77; July, 78 3-8; Sep
tember, 78 1-8.
Oats were a little easier with some
May liquidation in evidence and
carriers shifting hedges. Cash de
mand was slow.
Oats 1-4 lower to 1-8 higher.
May, 46 5-8; July, 44 1-2; September,
40.
Provisions were firmer. Smaller
packers bought and offerings were
light.
Lard closed 5 to 7 1-2 higher; ribs,
71-2 to 10 higher, and bellies 5
higher.
Local cash sales were 360,000
bushels of wheat, 121.000 bushels
of corn, and 123,000 bushels of oats
The seaboard reported 400.000
bushels of wheat and 300,000 of rye
taken for export.
CHICAGO QUOTATIONS
Tlie following were the ruling price* i>
the exchange today:
Prey.
Open. High. Low. Close. Close.
WHEAT—
May ....1.03 1.04% 1.02% 1.0.3% 1.03%
July ~..1.05% 1.06 1.05% 1.06 1.05%
Sept. ...1.06% 1.07% 1.06% J. 07% 1.06%
CORN—
May .... 76-% 77 76% 76% 76%
jJllly .... 78% 78% 77% 78% 78%
Sept. ... 78 78% 77% 78% 78%
OATS—
May .... 4G% 47% 46% 46% 46%
July .... 41 ».i 44% 44 II 44%
Sept. ... 40% 40% 40 40 40
LARD—
May ... 10.55 10.55 10.52 10.57 10.50
Joly ... 10.80 10.80 10.77 10.80 10.75
RIBS— ,
May ... 9.87 9.87 9.85 9.85 9.75
July ... 10.05 10.05 10.00 10.00 9.92
BELLIES -
May' 10.22 10.15
July 10.55 10.50
RECEIPTS IN CHICAGO
Today.
Wheat 11 ears
‘ "in 167 cars
Oats ... ears
Hogs 24.000 bead
CHICAGO CASH QUOTATIONS
CHICAGO. May I.—Wheat: No. 1 hard.
81 • 1 1 % fe. 1.1 1 %•; No. 2 hard, $1.06%fe
I.
Corn: No. 2 mixed, 77%fe.78c; No. 2 yel
low, 78% fe 78%e.
Oats; No. 2 white, 48%fe49%c; No. 3
white, 46%fe>48%c.
Rye, No. 1.65 c.
Barley, 74fe88e.
Timothy seed. 85.00fe 7.50.
Clover seed. $13.-50fe 21.00.
Lard $10.57. ~
Rilis. SIO.OO.
Bellies, $10.25.
ST. LOUIS QUOTATIONS
ST. I.OI’IS, May 1. —Cash wlrvat No. 2
red. SI.OB-01.()•*; No. 3 red. $1.07.
Corn. No. 3 white, 76%c; No. 2 yel
low. 80fe 82c.
Oats, No. 2 white, 49%@49%c; No. 3
White. 49fe49%c.
Closing wheat: May. $1.02%; July, $1.05.
Corn: May. 78%fe78%e; July, 79%c. Oats,
May, 48%c.
KANSAS CITY QUOTATIONS
KANSAS CITY, May I.—Wheat: No. 2
hard. 98cfe$l,2l; No. 2 red, $1,08fe1.09.
Corn—No. 2 yellow, 74%fe|7Jc; No. 2
mixed, 72c.
Oats—No. 2 white, 49%c.
TOLEDO QUOTATIONS
TOLEDO, Ohio. May 1. —Clover seed. old.
$13.00: new, .810.75 asked; October, $11.85
hid. Alsike, $9.50. Timothy seed, $3.60 ask
ed: May, $3.60 asked; September, $3.95
asked.
NEW YORK ’PRODUCE MARKET
NEW YORK, May I.—Flour: Quiet and
unchanged.
Pork—Dull; mess. $21.75(1/25.25.
Lard—Easier; middle west spot, sll.OOfe
11.
Sugar—Raw, quiet; centrifugal. 96 test,
6.28 c; refined, dull; granulated, 7.80fe8.10e.
Coffee—Rio No. 7. ou spot, 15@15%c; No.
t Santos, 18%fe 19%c.
Tallow—Stead.' ; specials. 7%fe7%e.
Hay—Firm; No. 1, $1.60; No. 3, sl.3ofe
1.40.
Dressed Poultry—lrregular: turkeys. 2()fe
2tie; chickens, 31(0 ISe; fowls, 20fe'31c;
capons, 35fe'51c; ducks, 20@27c; Long
Island. 20fe 25c.
live Poultry—Steady: geese, 12@15e;
ducks. 13%28c; fowls, 30c; turkeys, 32c;
roosters, 20fe30c; capons, 30fe50c.
Cheese—Quiet; state milk, common to spe
cials. 15’gfe25c; skims, common to specials,
life 17c; low grades, 4fe'loc.
Butter—Steady: receipts, 8,913 tubs;
creamery, extra, 37c; creamery, special mar
ket. 37fe38c: state dairy, tubs. 23(</23\c:
Danish, !sßfe'4o%e; Argentines 33fe 35c.
Eggs—Steady: reeeiptsf 04.92 t dozen;
near-by white fancy, 31fe33e; near-by state
whites, 26fe30c; fresh firsts. 23%fe28%e:
Pacific coast extras, 26fe34c: western
whites, 26fe30c; near-by browns, 29fe3lc.
Sugar Market
NEW’ YORK. May I.—-The raw sugar
market was quiet with an easier undertone
early toda.v. There was a sale of 13.060
bags of Cuban for second half of May
sliipnieut at $6.15 duty paid, and it "as
rumored that, a local rfiner had pur
’ chased 25,000 bags for May shipment at
f $6.03.
Opening 1 to 5 points lower on the dull
ness i i raws, the raw sugar futures mar
ket develo ied sudden activity and strep.’th
on a renewal of disquieting ixditieal ad
vices from Cuba. Prices at midday were 9
to 10 points net higher.
I Little itiiorest was shown in the refined
market which continued at the basis ot
87.8 H to SB.IO for fine granulated.
Refined futures vverc nominal.
NEW YORK RAW SUGAR MARKET
Open. Close.
Msv 4.:;,! 4.44
July 4.50 4.57
September 4.52 4.61
Deeenibcr 4.15 4.24
March 3.57 3.62
NEW YORK~COFFEE MARKET
I NEW lOKK, May I.—-Coffee, Rio No
7. 15%v : Santos, No. 4. 19%e.
Open. Close.
May 13.35 13.2*
July 12.75 12.65 |
September 12.20 12.19
October 12.00
December 11.85 11.78
I March II .60 11.52
Wholesalers Get 76 Cents
j Os Each $1 Spent on Meat
WASHINGTON, May L—Lackers
and wholesalers get 76 cents out of
every dollar paid by consumers of
meat to retail dealers, 19 cents pays
tlie dealers' expenses ami 5 cents
represents the dealers’ protit. the
I department of agriculture announc
ed tov’ay in making public a survey
! of 1 13 retail meat stores in Chicago.
; Cleveland vid New York from
i March, 1923, to February, 1924.
G. D. P. MUST PAY
SCANDAL PENALTY.
OEMES MIOO
• LONG BEACH, Cal., April 30.
Tone and quality of American citi
zenship are disintegrating under the
growing influence of money and ma
terialism, William G. McAdoo, can
didate for the Dcomcratic presiden
tial nomination, declared in an ad
dress here tonight.
“It is the influence of money,”
he said, “which has brought idealism
into contempt and exalted material
ism and gain as the right standards
of private and natoinal life. It is
the influence of money that has
sterilized righteousness and exalted
isolation and selfishness as the pol
icy of the nation.”
Reviewing the “shocking scandals
at Washington,” which he said re
vealed the grip of gold upon the
lives of those in high places, the
speaker charged that since “these
grave scandals and offenses against
the public have occurred exclusively
under a Republican administration,
the Republican administration must
bear the responsibility and pay the
penalty.
(Continued on Page 10, Column 6)
The vote in nearly 7,000 precincts
in the presidential preferential con
test, out of a total of 8,350 precincts
in the state, showed President Cool
idge leading’ Senator Johnson by
120,000 votes, and former Governor
Cox leading Mr. McAdoo by approxi
mately 35,000.
The Republican vote was: Cool
idge, 144,069; Johnson, 23.942. The
Democratic vote was: Cox, 62,016;
McAdoo 23,574.
Coolidge Takes All
President Coolidge carried ’every
county in the state by majorities
ranging from a little more than
three to one in Cuyahoga county to
as high as twenty to one in some
of the small rural counties. Mr .Cox
apparently has not been so fortu
nate, as he probably will be forced
to yield some of the smaller counties
to Mr. McAdoo. Incomplete returns
indicated that McAdoo probably has
carried Lawrence, Portage, Vinton
and Harrison counties with a pos
sibility of taking a few other small
counties.
county, Fayette, by both Senators
Fess and Willis and was last in
Franklin county (Columbus), his
present home.
MISSOURI GOVPJRXOR IS
LINKED WITH COOLIDGE
SPRINGFIELD, Mo., April 30.
Governor Arthur M. Hyde’s hat was
tossed into the ring for the Repub
lican nomination for vice president
by the. Republican state committee
here last, night, which instructed the
Missouri delegation to the national
convention to support him. The
convention linked the indorsement
ot Governor Hyde with that of Cal
vin Coolidge for the presidential
nomination.
The convention went, on record as
opposed to any organization or
movement which fosters racial ha
tred or abridges civil or religious
rights.
Did Not Intend to Kill,
Says Husband Who Gave
Poison Germs to Wife
WHITE PLAINS, N. Y„ April 30.
Investigation into the strange mari
tal tangle of Clarence O. Baring, his
wealthy middle-aged wife and “the
other woman” today centered in an
effort to find Miss Mildred E. Beam,
Elizabeth, N. J. school teacher,
whom District Attorney Rowland
says will be “an important witness”
in the case.
Meantime, Baring continues in
jail unable to raise bail following
his indictment, on charges of at
temptng to kill his wife with poison.
Miss Beam, a graduate of Teach
ers’ college, Columbia university,
has been missing from her apart
ment in Elizabeth since Monday
State troopers are searching for her
in New York and New Jersey.
Baring still maintains stoutly he
did not intend to kill his wife and
only administered arsenic and dis
ease germs to her in an effort to
make her ill, so he could take her to
California and escape the “other
woman.”
Grave of 6 Georgians,
Killled in Rail Wreck
During ’65, Located
DANVILLE, Va., April 30.—A
grave unmarked since the Civil war
and containing the bodies of six
Georgia soldiers, killed in a railway
accident during the evacuation of
Richmond by Confederate troops,
has been identified by R. Walton
S.vfJnor, of Blackstone, and will be
marked and preserved by the Third
Virginia district, United Daughters
of the Confederacy.
Mr. Sydnor* said that on April 3,
1865. the last troop train was ap
proaching South Boston when one
of the cattle cars in which a num
ber of wounded soldiers were lying,
was derailed and the train wrecked.
Six men in the car were killed.
Running not far behind was the
train bearing Jefferson Davis and
members of his cabinet. All haste
was made in clearing the track in
order to prevent the presidential
party from being overtaken. One
large grave was dug near the tracks
an'd the six dead Georgians were
buried in it.
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" -■' i ' J* 5 * 9 * ’ '-TAR|»
PARTISAN STRIFE DURING WAR
ADDED GREATLY TO BURDEN
ON SHOULDERS OF WILSON
Real Breakdown Came at
Paris as Result of Terrific
Strain in Fight for League
of Nations
BY DAVID LAWRENCE
(Cnp.' i’ight, 1924, by the George H. Doran
company in the I’nited States, Canada, South
Amefica. World publication rights reserved
by Current News Kea lures, Incorporated.)
CHAPTER XXVIII
OUTWARDLY politics, was "ad
journed,” to use Mr. Wilson’s
own words, during the period
beginning with the declaration of
war on April 7, 1917, and the armis
tice November 11, 1918, but the at
mosphere inside Washington was
hardly less partisan than in peace
times. The country as a whole knew
very little of the partisan warfare
going on at the national capital.
Whether the course of the president
provoked his opponents to a display
of partisanship or whether thev. on
the other band, were unable to per
mit a. Democratic president to carry
the laurels of a war in which Re
publicans as well as Democrats were
fighting, it is unnecessary and fu
tile to discuss.
The fact remains that Woodrow
Wilson was conscious of the parti
san ship on Capitol Hill and resented
bitterly the efforts made to furnish
him with a war cabinet. He was
convinced that this was not a con
structive but a destructive move.
His theory was that most of the big
interests which had been selling ma
terials to the*&llies before the United
States entered the war sought a
means of safeguarding their business
by getting their own personnel into
governmental bureaus. There never
was any real intention on Mr. Wil
son’s part to ignore the business in
terests of the country but in the
prosecution of the Avar he had two
fundamental ideas. One was that
men who had been the mainstay of
the American army knew more than
civilians did about military matters,
while the practical men,- in the
United States navy knew more than
any outsider about the conduct of
the fleet.
President Wilson gave a free hand
to General Pershing—he never re
buked him or withheld support. To
the credit of Newton D. Baker, sec
retary of war, may it also be said
that he backed up General Pershing
on every side.
Tripped by Red Tape
But the war was not merely a com
bat of armies and navies, it was a
struggle of materials. Here Mr. Wil
son floundered about expecting the
business interests of the country to
render the support to the officially
accredited body known as the Coun
cil of National Defense. In these ad
visory bodies, strangely enough, the
first breakdown occurred. The busi
ness men could hardly be blamed.
They encountered in Washington a
mesh of red tape and antiquated
regulations. Many of them accept
ed position in the army and navy
only to find the question of discipline
and rank so vexatious that it stiffled
business initiative and repressed en
terprise.
President Wilson’s shrewd, maneu
ver in ansKvering the’eries for a war
cabinet by demanding of congress
the legal power to consolidate bu
reaus and cut red tape right and
left was one of the most important
factors in the efficient mobilization
of America’s resources. The selection
of Bernard M. Baruch, of New York,
to be chairman of the war industries
board marked the beginning of an
era of true co-ordination. Vance Mc-
Cormick was put in charge of tlie
war trade board which dealt with
the embargo and administration of
the trading and the enemy act. Dr.
Harry A. Garfield, a former col
league of President Wilson at Prince
ton, was placed in charge of the fuel
administration. Herbert Hoover won
his place as food administrator be
cause of the splendid work he had
done on the American Commission
for the Relief of Belgium.
As one looks over the list of men
whom Mr. Wilson put into positions
of responsibility during the war
there is no escaping the impression
that he followed not the rule of
party but the rule of personal trust
and personal loyalty. Early in the
conflict there was talk of a coalition
cabinet similar to that which had
been established in Great Britain
and in other parliamentary govern
ments abroad. But Mr. Wilson would
not listen to it. He said that coalition,
cabinets meant constant wrangling
and political friction. Throughout
the government, however, many Re
publ cans were appointed to positions
of importance and in a general way
no distinction as to party was made.
Tlie president’s conception of his
own responsibility led him to select
only those whom he knew personal
ly. With him loyalty counted for
more than reputed executive ability.
Mr. Wilson always had a suspicion
of the expert per se. The super-effi
cient business man who might be
proposed as the most capable man
to administer a certain job might be
aH tint was claimed but Woodrow
M ilson was a type of man who did
not like to be disturbed by thoughts
that men in whom he had reposed
large powers might not be loyal to
him. And by loyal to him was meant
sir.ply a willingness to carry out the
ideals and policies in public office
which President Wilson had set as
his standard.
Free Hand to Officers
It is interesting to note, however,
that the president did not permit this
lire of reasoning to interfere in any
way with the actual administration
of the military or naval establish
ment. He did not dictate appoint
ments to the general staff nor did he
question the activities of the naval
command. To him the uniform was
other than loyal to the best interests
of the government irrespective of
party. Men like -General Enoch
Crowder, who had administered the
selective draft act and General Pey
ton March, who was chief of staff
In Washington, can testify to tne
free hand given them in the dis
charge of their duties. It was a
policy that helped to win the war
though it brought about plenty of
' friction between the executive and
congress.
The maneuvers of the Republicans
in 1918 provoked President Wilson to
issue an appeal for a Democratic
congress. Although Mr. Wilson out
lined his famous fourteen points in
January 1918, no dissent was heard
in congress. Senator Lodge did not
express his opposition until the fol
lowing August when he made a
speech in the senate which Mr. Wil
son feared would give the impres
sion abroad of disunity in American
councils. On Septe-iber 21, Repre
sentative F. H. Gillett, acting floor
leader for the Republicans, made t
speech to the house insisting that
a Republican congress should be
elected. Representative Fess, of
Ohio, in accepting on the same day
the chairmanship of tlie Republican
congressional campaign committee,
announced his purpose to work for
the election of a Republican con
gress. On October 23, the two former
presidents of the United States, Taft
and Roosevelt both Republicans unit
ed in a joint appeal to the voters
of the state of Michigan to support
i Truman H. Newberry, who was the
j Republican nominee for the United
I States senate in opposition to Henry
: Ford, who was then running on the
I Democratic ticket.
' Then former President Roosevelt
/ sent an identical telegram to Sena
! tors Lodge, Poindexter and Hiram
j Johnson, which was published on
' the morning of October 25. Mr.
i Roosevelt said: /
“I earnestly hope that on benalf
, of the American people the senate
will declare against the adoption in
their entirety of the fourteen points
I of President' Wilson’s address of
i last January as offering a basis for
a peace satisfactory to the United
I States.”
Leadership Cl.a rd
' The Colonel added that the four
teen points were “thoroughly mis
chievous” and if made the basis ot
! a peace,” such a peace would rep
resent not the unconditional surren
‘ der of Germany but the conditional
surrender of the United States.
President Wilson regarded this as
a challenge to his leadership. The
Germans had already appealed for
peace and on October 12 hart
promised that the fourteen points
would be accepted as a basis for
peace discussion. Under the circum
stances the Roosevelt telegrams ag
gravated Mr. Wilson and made him
1 apprehensive that he could not ex
pect support from the Republicans
in making peace. The next day, Oc
tober 26, he issued his appeal t*j the
! American people for a Democratic
congress to support his peace pro
gram.
Mr. Wilson was accused during the
months of September and October
of getting ready to make a “soft
peace” and his political opponents
encouraged the formation of “Un
j conditional Surrender, Clubs”
[.throughout the country. These clubs
were superfluous to all who knew
the facts, for President Wilson had
placed entire confidence in Marshal
Foch, commander-in-chief of the Ai
j lied armies ,who was to fix tlie inili
trry terms of the truce. Mt. W ilson
I did not attempt to participate in the
j making ot the armistice terms by
i the naval and military high com
niand of the allied forces. It was not
he who suggested that his previous
i addresses should lie made the basis
'of peace negotiations. Germany
chose that course. And the allies
with proper reservations accepted
the German peace proposal and the
armistice was duly signed.
The approach of the end had been
sensed in America. Indeed. Mr.
Wilson for several months had been
giving attention to the questions
that would arise at the peace table
and had expected that Colonel
House, who went abroad during 1917,
' would assist in the arrangements for
' peace.
Mr. Wilson anticipated political
! opposition to his peace program. Al
though he was partisan enough to
wish to see the Democratic party
| continued in power, he was deshous,
on the other hand, of winning o vole
of confidence so that he might go to
the peace conference with the united
i support of the nation behind’ him
Mr. Wiison’s appeal for a Democratic
congress, made in October, 1918. was
a shock to many Republicans who
declined to read the text of what Mr.
Wilson had said in his appeal but
simply accepted the inference, in
short, as meaning that he did not
credit the Republicans with their
proper share in winning the war.
The president had said explicit iv that
he did not question the patriotism of
his opponents. This was lost, how
ever, in the wave of criticism and de
feat which followed his appeal for a
Democratic congress.
But if Woodrow Wilson had his
' troubles on this side of the Atiant.c
with the national politicians, he had
even more sources of worrv with the
international politicians. All through
the war. President Wiison hjKi
sought in vain to get explicit agree
ment on the war aims of the allied
and associated powers. Except fur
the vague general phrases which
: served their purpose in ra sing tr.e
, hopes of the German people as well
; as the. hopes of the allied countries, '
there was no definite under.-> f and:ng.
Mr, Wilson’s diplomatic exchange of
notes with the British, French and
Italian government during the
months of September and October
were notable efforts to commit the
allies to a peace without rancor and
a peace that would not sow the. seeds
of another war. Mr. Wilson strove
for a peace without selfishness.
Men like Prime Minister Lloyd
George, of Britain; Premier Clemen
ceau, of France, and Premier Or
lando, of Italy, were not as ready to
embrace the Wilson idealism chiefly
because their own peoples werts not
in the mood to be wind to the enemy
who had given no quarter and had
waged a relentless and ruthless bat
tle on helpless men, women and chil
dren—non-combantants on land and
sea. Undoubtedly, Mr. Wilson’s
views were those of the far-seeing
statesmen —they were the terms of
dispassionate judgment not of anger
or prejudice. But it was a material
istic atmosphere which Woodrow
Wilson encountered on his arrival in
Europe at the head of the American
peace mission.
People everywhere cheered him. I
shall never forget the triumphal
drive of President Woodrow Wilson
down the Champ d’Elsee, of Paris, or
the fanatical welcome given him in
the streets of Rome or the spon
taneous outbursts of the people of
London and Manchester.
Mr. Wilson thought he had, won
public opinion to his side. It was
true —for a while. What Mr. Wilson
did not realize was that public opin
ion in Europe is not made as it is
in America by the newspapers but
solely by the officials in power and
the professional cliques who control
parliamentary governments. Just as
soon as President Wilson began, to
interpose objections to the plans' bf
the allied peacemakers, the press
was turned against him with the sim
ple ease that one lights a match to
a fire. Liberal opinion in Europe
stood by Woodrow Wilson, but it was
helpless. The French press guided
by the French government, and par
ticularly Monsieur Clemenceau and
his colleagues, kept up a constant
bombardment of the Wilson policies.
The French newspapers were con
vinced they were acting for the best
interests in France and that Mr. Wil
son’s plans would mean insecurity.
President Wilson agreed to many o£
the allied proposals even though he
would have phrased them otherwise
if they had been given to him alone
to decide. The defects he accepted,
however, because of a belief that the
League of Nations would be a con
tinuing peace conference, revising
constantly the mistakes of the treaty
and modifying those provisions which
in actual practice might work hard
ship.
So President Wilson staked all to
get the League of Nations establish
ed. The French were won over to
the League idea only because of a be
lief that the international organiza
tion would be supplied with an army
and navy sufficient to police the
world and enforce the treaty. When
Mr. Wilson refused to accept the idea
of an international police force, some
of the allied statemen, particuarly
the Branch, were dismayed.
To one who was an eyewitness in
Paris during the peace conference
and who later watched at close range
the debates in the United States sen
ate over the meaning of the League
of Nations nothing could be more
contradictory than the two situa
tions. For in Paris it was Woodrow
Wilson who was fighting almost the
entire allied group in constituting a
League of Nations which would not
be an interference with the sovereign
ty of any signatory power but an
advisory body through which ail tlie
nations could act independently or
jointly if they desired. Jn the senate,
however, the l.eague proposal was
hailed as a super-government and a
surrender of American sovereignty.
There was a time when the French
press criticised Mr. Wilson’s refusal
to go along with the allied plans for
a strong League of Nations, backed
by military force, because of a be
lief that the Republican in the
United Sattes would certainly sup
port the French militaristic ’dea. It
was interesting, indeed, to sec the
French press completely out of tune
with what the Republican party in the
United States was actually seeking
to accomplihs, and it was not until
many months after Mr. Wilson re
turned to America that Europe saw
at last that the Republican party
was drifting toward a policy of isola
tion while President Wilson was the
true friend of international co-opera
tion. Had Mr. Wilson's position been
appraised sooner in Paris, he might
have been listened to more sympa
thetically by the allied world.
Disappointment inevitably fol'ow-
HAMBONE’S MEDITATIONS
By J. P. Alley
You KIN MOS' EN Gin'ALLY
TELL A WHITE FOLKS'
PREACHER,BUT PEY AlN’ NO
BODY LOOKS EZ MUCH LAK ■
A PREACHER EZ A CULLUD
PREACH £ * PO»» r
(Copyright, 1924. by The Bell Syndicate, Inc)
SATi HDAV, MA It 3, 1021
cd Mr. Wilson's inability to secure ]
the ratification of the Versailles
covenant of the League of Nations,
but even if he had accepted the res
ervations proposed by his political
opponents, there will always be some
question as to what the true value
might have been of America’s par
ticipation in the league in the years
immediately following the war. For
there developed in the United States
a reaction against all things Euro
pean, and, if the United States had
efitcred the league technically -as a
member, the political situation in
America would have prevented, for
a few years at least, the exercise by
the United States of any considera
ble influence in European affairs.
The president of the Untied States
possesses great powers of negotia
tion and co-operation which do not
require specific treaty agreements,
but the temper of tlie opposition to
further co-operation with Europe
was such in 1919 that even a simple
proposal to permit the United States
to assume her place on the repara
tions commission failed of adoption
when asked for apart from the Ver
sailles treaty, and a.s a direct meth
od of making sure that the interests
of the United States would be safe
guarded in the all-important coun
cils of the commission.
Mr. Wilson’s mind was set on
keeping the constitution of the
League of Nations an integral part
of the Versailles treaty because he
believed that if the treaty settling
territorial questions—in which
America had a secondary interest—
were completed, there would be no
leverage for the acceptance of an
international organization such as
the league was intended to be. He
rejected all suggestions for a sepa
rate conference on the question of
an association ot nations. He was
convinced that the league would
never be established if its formation
were postponed until after the peace
treaty itself was signed.
So far as the United States senate
was concerned Mr. Wilson felt that
the main issue before it was the ac
ceptance or rejection of the league
because in the other portions of the
treaty the United States sought no
indemniy and had no desires for ter
ritorial gain, insisting only upon
freedom of commercial opportunity
in all newly accfuired regions.
No human being it seems could
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have survived the mental strain
which rested upon Woodrow .Wilson
during tlie peace conference. Op
pressed on every side by the de
mands on his tim and aware of the
sudden intrigue which had crept
into the American organization in
an effort to influence him, Mr. Wil
son suffered his real breakdown in
Paris. There was a time when his
illness was so serious that it caused
alarm to his household. After a few
days of illness Mr. Wilson never
seemed the same to his associates.
Stung by the criticism that he hud
compromised too much, Mr. Wilson
was adamant to the last days of th<
conference, refusing to concede any
thing and siding with the French in
an insistence tha the Germans be
compelled to sign without modifica
tion t(ie terms that had been pro
posed. Even the British were in
clined to compromise and permit the
Germans to make "modifications, but
the French would hear none of It,
and President Wilson, anxious to
get back to America to secure the
ratification of the treaty, concurred
in the T’renoh view.
There developed inside the Amer
ican peace mission distinct differ
ences ot opinion. Some of the ad
visers threatened to resign, but fear
of the misinterpretation of such a
step back home prompted them to
keep up the appearance of unity.
There was one man who was no
longer in the president’s confitJence
—Colonel E. M. House. The story
of the separation is significant of a
.strange influence which played its
part in the life of Mr. Wilson.
(Tuesday’s chapter will deal" w"jg
the true story of the separation IF
Colonel House and Mr. Wilson.) 7
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Is Chosen to Direct
Al Smith Campaign
NEW YORK, April 30.—Franklin
D. Roosevelt, former assistant secre
tary of the navy, was today chosen
chairman of a state committee which
will promote the candidacy of Gov
erno Alfred E. Smith for the Demo
cratic presidential nomination.
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