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8 ssmltrg IM*o+ BY MILDRED BERYL BROWS. Uhi. 11. J., H*wkinsville, G*.—l am very much pleated with your poultry de partment, and am aure that with such ▼al«able ad sice as we will obtain through its columns, that the raising of poultry will be made both profitable and pleas ant. Ify experience in the poultry busi ness is not very extensive, yet in the short period of one year, that I have tried te raise the little things, I have had enough trouble to make me almost gray. My old speckle hen came off on the first of last June with fourteen little chicks. On the following day the little fellows looked very drowsy and upon examina tion I found that they were covered with mites. I had always heard that snuff would kill mites and that it was often used in the nest to prevent their taking possession. With that idea in my head, I bought some snuff and literally cover ed the little chicks with it, and then put a quantity of it on the mother hen. It was with a sad heart that I bad to bury those fourteen sweet little chicks. The hen survived, but she has a chronic sneeze unto this day. Now please tell jne why the suuff does not hurt the old hen when you sprinkle It in her nest, but kills the chicks when you put it on them freely? But this was not all my trouble. I had an early brood that were hatched in the spring. These were lino and I expected to have a fine lot of pullets to lay in the fall, but they took sore-head and half of them died. My oldor chickens had it also and after using every remedy known to my expe rienced neighbors, I saved a few of the flock. Next the chickens took the pip (I believe my friends called il) and more of them died. I had almost determined to give up the business, but since you have opened the poultry department for Tiik Southern Alliance Farmer, have taken fresh courage and will try again. Encouraging Poultry Raising. To the Wives aud Daughters of Alliance men: Greeting—Familiar with the fact that your husbands and fathers are zealously living up to that principle of our noble order which inculcates reformation iu economy and the dissemination of prin ciples best calculated to encourage and foster agricultural pursuits; know ing the glad-heartedness with which you have seconded and will continue to second their efforts in that behalf; persuaded that the smaller indus tries of the farm can be made to figure solidly and conspicuously in the prosper ity which will come to our every home through faithfulness to Alliance princi ples; and belisviDg that it is possible to make the poultry yard the most import ant of the smaller industries referred to, I have determined to offer a few prizes which may direct closer attention to poultry raising for profit. I delayed acting on this suggestion, which occurred to me iu June last, until now, because the months named for the test are better suited to the purpose than any other. To the wife or daughter of an Alliance man, in the Tenth Congressional District, who, beginning January Ist and ending June 30, 1890,with a yard of not less than twenty-five or more than one hundred hens, makes the best exhibit of profit on account of eggs obtained and sold or con sumed ; chicks raised and sold or con sumed during the period mentioned, I ■will give prizes as follows: first prize—One set Chambers’ Ency clopedia, 10 vols,, sheep, 832 pages each, Household edition. Second prize Dickens’ Complete Works, 14 vols., cloth, Diamond edition. Third prize—One year's subscription to The Southern Alliance Farmer,or any Southern agricultural journal or weekly newspaper, with the Massachusetts Ploughman or the Youths’ Companion. Names should be entered not later than • December 23,1889. Lists and instructions as to account to bb kept and report to bo made will be furnished each competitor by date last given. A committee of three representa tive gentlemen, with Major Sidney Her bert as chairman, will make the awards. The foregoing proposition is restricted to the Tentli Congressional District. In addition, however, I make a similar offer to the wives and daughters of Alliance men in Georgia outside said districts. In entcriHg the lists, give full name, post-office and county. Respectfully, Martin Y. Calvin, Chairman State Judiciary Committee and Lecturer Rock Alliance. The Central’s Annual Report- Advance sheets of the annual report of the Central Railroad and Banking Com pany show that last year’s gross earnings were $5,108,595; operating expenses, taxes, betterments, $3,310,266; net $1 799,328. Net income from Ocean Steamship Com pany, $476,454; from bank, $37,244; from investments, $132,368; total net, $1,437,- 295. Interest on bonds, $864,805, on loans, $50,581; on certificates of indebted ness, $276,000; rental of roads, $472,102; excess of income over fixed charges,s7B3,- 065; surplus from last year, $178,226; total $1,261,891. Disposed of in payment of $600,000 iu dividends, $23,370 advanced on Georgia railroad leases, $15,000 set aside for Montgomery aud Eufaula rail road sinking fund and sloojooo for the Ocean Steamship Company sinking fund, leaving a surplus for dividends of $523,, 515. Wall street and the speculators sup port their organs liberally; tho railroads support their newspapers —should not all true Alliancemen join in the support of the organ of their order? I WALKS AND TALKS. By Hon. Martin V. Calvin, Chair man State Alliance Judi ciary Committee. no. 2. At odd times, during the recent session of the legislature, I gossipped with brother farmers on the cultivation of grasses, fruit, etc. Much was said about vetch, Johnson grass and other valuablo grasses. Interest centered in vetch, and, on the return trio from Savannah, I promised to devote this talk to vetch. My recollection is that Charles Wallace Howard first directed attention to the for age value of this plant. My attention was first drawn to it, after reading How ard, in a walk on the Georgia Railroad between Augusta and my home, f was astonished to find a grass growi sg almost luxuriantly in January and February along the Hue of the railroad between Judge King’s and Davidson’s crossing, near my own farm. It grew apace, in spite of cold rains and snow. The first touch of. spring gave it perfect freedom and it began to rear its he ail and make ready to bloom. As it grew, it threw out itsseed pods, and from May 15th to June Ist, these pods turned black, showing the ripened seed. A busier, more business like plant than vetch, I do not know. As soon as the seed are fully ripened,tho pods begin to burst and scat tor the seed broadcast. The burst ing is itself a twisting process, and tho seed are hurled, so to speak, a con siderable distance from the stalk or main stem. Passing a vetch field, at tho time indicated, one would have his attention fixed by tho ceaseles click, click of the bursting pods. Tho seeds are smaller than okra aud very dark gray in color. The pod is very similar to that of the partridge pea. Ido not know anything superior to vetch for soiling purposes. Fed to milch cow-8, it increases tho yield of milk aud the butter is golden in color. In the spring of ’B2, I hauled vetch sod from the railroad, and dotted an aero in oats with it. Later, I cut it for horses and cows; aud later still collected seed and threw them wherever I desired a catch. Then I seeded three- of an acre of sandy land to vetch, and each year since, have gathered a fine crop of hay after tho plant had seeded the land for the ensuing year. This year, I shall ex tend the area. The preferred time to sow vetcli is September, with oats or rye. It will have cast its seed before the other grain is ready for the cradle or mower. It can be seeded as late as December. Vetch should not be grazed or cut previous to tho ripening of the seed; cut at this stage, tho hay is good aud the soil thickly covered with seed. Cow peas or corn or any other crop can be grown on the plat and taken off before the seed, turned under in the processes of culti vation, will germinate. The plant seems to be at home any where. Thi laud should, of course, be carefully prepared and ought to be ma nured and cultivated level. One peck to one-half bushel will seed an acre. Avoid ploughing from the time the plant begins to peep out till it casts its seed, and you will not have occasion to re-seed. In this sense, vetch is a perennial. Given an acre or ten or a hundred acres properly seeded to vetch between Sep tember Ist and December 20th, and fol lowed, in the spring,by a sandwiching of Johnson grass roots—you will be in pos session, in two years, of a small or large sized bonanza—accordiug to acreage sown. About the time one cuts the vetch, the Johnson or Means grass will begin to assert itself; cut this in the bloom, cure as you would any grass, and you will not have had it in your barn or in stacks ere crab grass and other grasses will come to the front and by September Ist you will have your third crop. With a sufficient number of acres set to vetch and Johnson grass, it will, of course, be wise to attempt no other crop. Continue the free use of fertilizers—top dressing all the while. A cultivator of knives pressing at right angles, ora disc harrow will keep tho land in first-class condition. As already intimated, spring plough ing is fatal to vetch. Don’set your laud ,to Johnson grass unless you propose to wed it. Johnson grass comes to stay. I heard an anecdote the other day of a gentleman who had carefully seeded broad acres to vetch. His neighbor was, at the same time, experimenting with Johnson grass. What, between the birds and the wind, neighbor “A” found his field, the next season, dotted with John son grass. The seed tufts waved in the breeze at notable distances over the field, but neighbor “A” knew with what steal thy steadiness Johnson grass struggled for the mastery, lie was, therefore, (so it is alleged), somewhat annoyed and apprehensive, and threatened ,a suit against his neighbor for damages. He took counsel of observation and two years’ results proved the intruder to be a possession of rare worth. I am glad to note the increasing inter est which our farmers are manifesting in tho cultivation of the grasses. I hope it will not be long before we shall see the Farmers’ Institutes under way in various sections of our beloved commonwealth. Through that splendid agency, in which the lip-to-ear plan rules supremely and satisfactorily, the best thoughts and the methods of obtaiu- SOUTHERN ALLIANCE FARMER, ATLANTA, GA., NOVEMBER 29, 1889. mg the best, results could bet given osr farming people. The talk beiDg over, each farmer could ply the “talker,” him self a practical farmer, with questions until the questioner had gone to the root of the matter and would leave the insti tute thoroughly informed; not only in formed, but inspired to try the crops he heard discussed. Take this running talk of mine! Why, I have left out a great many interesting facts which, at a Farmers’ Institute, would be developed by questions from members. I was glad to hear President Living ston, in the admirable address' he gave the Richmond County Alliance last Sat urday, declare to his auditors that the farmers generally needed to learn that there was a tima to plant cotton seed as well as a plan by which to plant. On the time and the plan depend the size and value of the crops. Now, understand, this is a running talk, not an essay. Sunnyside Farm, Nov. 19, 1889. GEORGIA FARMERS’ FORM lOO3L A Legal Guide for Business Men—A New and Useful Book. Read what the following Alliance offi cials say of it: J. B. Silman: Dear Sir —Having examined the plan and contents of your “Georgia Farmers’ Form Book and Legal Guide,” I wish to say that I am more than pleased with it, and have no hesitancy in endorsing it. I hope every farmer in Georgia will sub scribe for it, thus educating himself to the point, at least, where he can transact His own business and avoid many law suits and the expenses incident thereto. Our people by all means should take advantage of this opportunity to secure at a trilling cost the information neces sary to enable them to understand the law's of the State relative to their pur suits. L. F. Livingston, Pres. Farmers’ State Alliance of Ga, Mr. J. B. Silman: I have examined the manuscript of the “Georgia Farmers’ Form Book aud Legal Guide for Business Men,” which you propose to publish, and it affords me pleasure to endorse it. Such a book has been aud is now very much needed by the fanners of the state. It will, in my opinion, prevent useless litigation, £and do much to prevent ill feeling between neighbors, engendered by a misconcep tion of their rights. The price at which it is to bo offered will place it within the reach of every one who desires to inform himself of his legal rights |and duties. Felix Corput, Pres. Alliance Exchange of Ga. Having examined the work alluded to above, with Mr. Oorput, it affords me pleasure to concur in the above opinion. William A. Broughton, Treas." State Alliance and Alliauce Ex. of GaT," J. B Silman : Dear sir—Having afforded me arjiple oppoituuity to examine the munusci'ipi of “The Georgia Farmers’ Form Book,” I am prepared to say that every feature of your work merits my endorsement. Its plan, scope and price must commend it to all who desire to inform themselves of the laws of the state relative to busi ness. The legal forms contained in the work are plain and simple, and the sug gestions made will facilitate the adjust ment of differences between neighbors without an appeal to the course. . R. L. Burks, See. Farmers’ State Alliauce of Georgia. Other testimonials could be furnished if it were necessary. The book will be printed in clear type, on good paper, socurely bound, in cloth or half binding, and will contain about four hundred pages. Price, $2.50 per copy. Club rates and terms to agents will be furnished par ties wanting such information. All orders for the book should be ad dressed to J. B. Silman, Jefferson, Ga. President Eckstein Norton Delighted- Manufacturer s Record. President Eckstein Norton, of the Louisville & Nashville, who is now traveling in the south with Vice-Presi dent M. H. Smith, has just been inter viewed at Nashville by a reporter for the American, and from what he is credited with saying, he is delighted with the con dition of the road|and with its successful report for last year just issued: “The earnings during the fourth week in October were $569,570, or an increase of $127,221 over the corresponding week of last year. The increase for the entire month over October, 1888, \«is $323,251.” “Are the increased earning!? due to an increase in any especial, line of busi ness?” was asek. “ No; they are due to a general increase in all classes of business. The annual report for the year ending June 30 last showed that during the four years pre vious to July 1 last, the rolling stock of the road had boen increased about 41 per cent., and by January 1 next increase in rolling stock will have reached over 60 per cent.; yet wo are now’skort of cars. We have received 20 newdocomotives since July I—lo'consolidation and 10 switch engines—and have contracted for 20 more consolidation engines to be de livered within the next few.'months. On July I we had contracted for 1,250 cars that had not been delivered, and have since contracted for 650 more, all to bo delivered by January 1, making a total for the six months of 1,900 cars, 500 re frigerator cars, 500 box and OOO.coal and ore cars.” You can get the organ oflyour border for less than two conts a week. THE OLD ARM-CHAIR. I love it—l love it, who shall dare To chide me loving that old arm-chair? I've treasured it long as a sainted prize— I’ve bedewed it with tears.'and embalmed it with sighs; Tis bound by a thousand bands to my heart; Not a tile will break, not a link will start. Will you learn the spell? a mother sat there; And a sacred thing is that old arm-chair. In childhood’s hour I lingered near The hallowed seat ear; And gentle words that mother wonld give. To fit me to die, and teach me to live. She told me shame;would betide^ With truth for my creed, andiGod for my guide; She taught me to lisp my earliest prayer, As I knelt beside that old arm-chair. I sat and watched her many a day, When her eyes grew dim and her locks were gray, And I almost whorshipped her when she smiled And turned from her Bible to bless her child. Years rolled on, bnt the last one sped— My Idol was shattered—my earth star fled; I learn’t how much the heart can bear, When I saw her die in that old arm-chair. ’Tis past 1 ’tis past! but I gaze on it now With quivering breath and throbbing brow; ’Twas there 6he nursed me—’twas there she died, And memory flows with lava tide. Say it is folly. and deem me weak, While the scalding tears run down ray cheek, 3ut I love it—l love it, and cannot tear My soul from my mother’s old arm-chair. —Eliza Cook. Pits- In many of the southern states plants can be wintered safely and cheaply in pits. A “cold pit,” as gardeners term it, is a sort of small cellar in which plants cau be placed for protection from frost. Perhaps Henderson, in an article on this subject, in his “Gardening for Pleasure,” says that a properly construct ed pit, in a dry and sheltered position, with a covering of tight boards, can be made to winter all the hardier green house plants in loealities where the ther mometer falls to zero. So many inqui ries have come to mo about the proper construction of such a pit that I will give a few directions about making one. The location chosen should be one that is well drained. On no account must water be allowed to collect and stand in the bottom. That would be sure death to most, if not all the plants placed in it. The depth of the pit will have to be set tled by the size of the plants to be placed in it. A good depth for ordinary plants is about three feet. The earth should be excavated exactly as if you were making a cellar. It is a little more expensive to wall it up with brick than with plank, but a brick-willed pit is good for a life time, while plank will soon decay, so that nothing is gained in the end by making it of wood. If I were making a pit for the best results, I would make the wall double, that is, with two courses of brick laid up independently, with the space of an inch between the walls. This air-chamber is very useful in keeping out the cold. The back wall should be car ried up about eighteen inches higher than the front, and the front should be about six inches above the surface of the soil surrounding the pit. This gives a slope— which should be towards the south— which will carry off all water from tke glass, and to receive the rays of the sun most advantageously. After building it, the back wall should be banked up with soil; the sides, also, to within a few inches of the top. An ordi nary glazed sash is attached to the top, at the back, with hinges. This should fit snugly over the frame of the pit. In mild weather this can be lifted to admit air. Iu cold weather it will be necessary to cover it with shutters of light boards, as has been mentioned above, or with straw matting or old carpet. I Use it Myself. Jno. E. Jones, Fort Valley, Ga., one of the leading druggists there, states that ho commends Dr. Biggers’ Huckleberry Cordial because he uses it himself, and knows of what value it is for bowel troubles. ”&r* THE BEST LEVEL ON THE —Market for Terracing— ffl Simple, accurate and reliable. I 111 never saw anything to equal it, ex n I 1 cept a theodolite that cost *35. f 1 J. H. Covin, [ I 1 Co Surveyor, Troup Co. II \ I>rice with the target, #5. Orders I I Ito have attention must be accompa / l \nied by the money. Send for circu / ■■» lars, or send money to W. C. Holmes,2lE. Alabama’St. Atlanta, Ga. PHILLIPS** 9 CREW ATLANTA, QA, JUST IN OUR NEW STORE, THE LARGEST IN THE SOUTH I E lectrlc Light,! 20,000 SQUARE FEET OF ROOM! Brimful of The bargains we are offering neu> will interest you. Easy payments to suit buyer’s con Yemen ce. ESHM { wniTt row ran c«m>a two catalosue/ If you are teaching music, send your name. W* will make it to your interest. We can save you money. Pianos and Organs sent on trial if desired. We guarantee everything. The Universal , ™*®f !aißB 6RAVITY LEVEL. Lin 'T Is the Best and Cheapest fj jn j| Terracing, Ditching, or Build* JfJ “ I! ing Level on the market. O . I THOUSANDS ENDOBSE IT. Cco oc u I structedofßrassandlron.Cac’t rs j_ I break. Can Terrace windy days. £ j,. H lbs patent Target. Instruction “ l ‘fain Terracing, Ditching Bottoms T n ®gß» or Hillsides, etc., with each • “■ //|\ Level purchased. More sold r* *5 all; and better satisfaction given 5J 5 than all the Lovels in the $ w market combined. Agent y O I II wanted in every connty. o /II Libreal Discount 5 / II to Clubs. K / It SEND FOR CIRCULAR. / I 1 UNIVERSAL ORAVITV ATLANTA. QA. ——TSE ■ Porter Iron Roofing and Corrugating CO. MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF Roofing and Corrugated Iron. specialties: standard, “v” cbimi*, boll add cap, standing seam. 101 and 103 WEST FRONT ST., CINCINNATI, OHIO. Write for prices and testimonials, and mention this paper. '• •i- - ;I 'B A ’ ‘i ■.-Vri’ffliipiSy TECH! LTTIMIIP BOCK SALT Mined by the RETSOF MINING CO., of PilTurU, New York, is the purest and best that lias ever been offered for sale in this country . The Chemical Analysis made by Prof. Chas. F. Chandler shows the salt to be 99 84-100 pure. We can ship the salt in ass orted lumps of any size, in any quaniity, from a small barrel to a car load. For prices and lurtlier information, address FOSTER, BROWN & CO., Agents, 140 Broadway, N. Y. Every farmer should have it as it lasts four times as long as pure salt, and isrnueh betterfor stock as they can get it dissolved in small quantities, at any time they want it. Also we have the best kinds of salt for curing meats, hides and freezing ice cream and m all purposes where a coarse salt is needed. nov 29 lm TIIE GEORGIA SEED C 0„ Macon, Ga, ' SUCCESSORS TO SOUTHERN SEED COMPANY.) Whole and Retail Dealers in Farm and G-arden Seeds. We are strictly in the peccl business and notliing else. We handle only the best. Can furnish any quantity Boutli Georgia, Kye, Barley, Seed Wheat, Red Fust proof Beed Oats, California Kurr Clover, Xew Crop Turnip Seed, Cabbage, Spinach, and all varieties Clover,Grasses, Onion Sets, etc. We pay strict attention to freight rates. Write lor price list. We advertise no goods that we do not keep in stock. 10 25d ly George W. Scott Mfg„ Co, ATLANTA, GA, MAX UFACT ORES OF GOSSYPIUM PHOSPHO, Scot’s Animal Ammoniated Guano, potasso 2=l=:^ ZEllgfl}. G-ra.d.e P s i^.DsTOlb.a»te-, Our Fertilizers are Kept up to the High Standard on which they have won their L great reputation, and are offered for the season of 1889 and 1890 at the lowest pos sible prices for cash or on time for currency and cotton. il i 4m. SIEHsTID FOB -*DUNCAN* &4Ji,.. GROCERS. Flour, Meat, Lard, Sugars, Coffees, Tobaccos, Cigars, etc., etc. HAY, BRAN, OATS, CORN AND FEED STUFFS A SPECIALTY -77 WHITEHALL AND 88 BROAD STREETS. Atlanta, Ga. TFYAC SEWT BY MAIL POST - 01 or Jordan & Smith, COTTON FACTORS, -A-TJCHTST.A., - - GEORGIA. Our Salesman, Mr. W. M. JORDAN, has been engaged in the cotton business since 1874, having 15 years experience. References: Mr. Chas. G. Goodrich, Cashier Ga. R. R. Bank; Mr. H. H. Hick man, President Graniteville Manufacturing Company. We will store and hold cotton for Planters, advancing three-fourths the value of the cotton and charge only seven (7) per cent, interest. novlStf JOHN M. GREENE, PRESIDENT OF THE Atlanta Guano Co. of Atlanta, Ga. Americus Guano Co. of Americus, Ga. Walton Guano Co. of Social Circle, Ga. Manufacturers of the following first-class brands of Amoniated Guanos and void Phosphates: Sddystone Soluble Guano, composed of blood and tankage, Acid Phosphate, Potash, with a guaranteed analysis of: Available Phosphoric Acid, 11 per cent; Ammonia, 2J; Potash, Is. Atlanta Ammoniated Sunerphosphate, with guaranteed analysis of 11 per cent. Available Photic Acid, 2} per cent. Ammonia and per cent, potash. Rainbow Soluble Superphosphate. IS per cent. Available Phosphoric Acid, l per cent. Ammopia, and 2 per cent. Petash. • Atlanta Soluble Bone, guaranteed analysis 151 per cent. Available Phosphoric Acid. Americus Guano, guaranteed analysis, Available Phosphoric Acid, 10 per cent.; ■ « Ammonia, 2J; Potash, IJ. Walton Guano guaranteed analysis: Available Phosphoric Acid, 10 per cent.; Ammonia, 2J; Potash, H. Orders for any of our brands may be sent to either of the factories, or to my iddress here. We challenge comparison with our goods in field or laboratory. ctohelt green, ATLANTA, GA. President. -