Newspaper Page Text
SHSH
.pS5 & Wnar-
o{ it t cote:, with the
actad. By order of thO
E xrnrriVi Oxairmi*
PEE3IDEHT8 JOSSAGE.
feSeteOifumre/tie Saeie and
/foeue tf Rtprtttniaiitet:
le ObWlehcs to the qapmacd of the Coo-
•titatktt, it has toeSrae to? doty “to give
Coo fxcv informAtten of the Union, and n-
conaKrjJ to ifcca noth measures” f ledge to
bi neoesraryand expedient."
■ Bat fipt, and above all. cur thauls are
dtoi$ to jimulty God for the numere'n3 ben
efit* Ho has tesfowed upon this people; and
our united praters ought to aamuvl U Him
that Ha wouldcoatinoe to U'o»s this great
Republic ia tita&fe oi>ise as He has b est -
• 1 it in time past. Since the sojoammetu.
o, the last Congress car censure* do hart
e tjayed au ouusiul degree of health. The
■util ha fielded her fruits zbeudzatiy. and
ha bousuTitlly rewarded the toilqf tn* has-
tandtaas. .Our great stapfolhi vcc unman-
ded high ps’ires. and. up lilt within a brraf
prarird, oor aanu&rturirg. isHtesalacd me-
i+aaita- cceopafioos bare parr-ten largely
cf the general ptwpoeity. W» have pease-'-
sed afl-tb* rirtntnts cf materia! wealth to
rich |bandas;e, ard yv, sa'.withitaciVng
all tre=e rlratuccs. cue country. it !u
taste -Ary iatrfesta, is at the frozen:’ moored
ia a deplorable conditio;:. In thejaidstof
tti-crpuseed plenty is ad the pruiacriora of
ajpieuhoiss aid ia aQ the elements cf na
tional wealth, a, Gad csriaancta-rtnrej its-
pended, cor jahjp w tries retarded, out pri-
rate aaurprisa of dukreu: kind* abascoa-
ed, and ihsosaruls cf a-efa! laborers throw a
no; of esapfoyatzat and reduced to want.—
The teeecua c; tb? Govereofal a eaieSy
desired from duties on reaper:* inn abroad,
has been treaty rtJoesd, wr its: the appro-
5riatiocjEsade by titayptsi at its ,;»t »ea-
stco. far tb* correc: Sscvi year are srry
lores iu iinjant
- Cider these eirctiur-ticc ■ a *>* b<; bs
required teTr.-? the clew cf yoor pc-.tnt
te-shan; but :h?\ although dee; 1/ to be re
fretted. wowij prove ta ke o High: mirfor
race when ccmpa.-el 'c i s saifrr'isgs mtd
dlstfes preTtUiag.am.Mg the peep's. Whh
This th-: jovnvniaen: rannot ftiftu dr-:--7
syntpathrer, though may ue *i*S ,;tbe
power to earecd le'ief.
It is c*r doty to e-<rrt. o wha- has pro-
dtrlsd *u-h uufcr: aat* rerults ard whether
1 Orest Britain
csntlocivof
te*
eUcmnfara
a resist ioo, and in tbociurso of
a veryftw Jays the depositors and uote hol
ders might demand from inch a book a suHb-,
cient amount In spedo to compel if to st»
specie t
pend. -ven though it had <
ia tu vaults
• rOR SHERIFF.
P>, Us KoOVSCy
For Deputy StsorlHs.
a 0. GRKEN' & 03B0RN.
For Clerk" of Super ler CoiwU
DR. B. F. BOMAR.
For Clerk of Interior Court.
D A.N I B.L. PI T f M A-N..
fhr 7Wa.Ti.vr.-iG. ft WALLACE.
/or httmrar.—X C. FARR AH.
For T« OJftt/or.—W. F. WINTiHl.D.
Fsr TixlUSwa-.-k. X COLLIER.
itt jpwtwcr—l. R. WHITE.
Democratic Heating, v
A meetiiig of V*' Oetaacmia Tarty of
Folton Coanty, w!il be new if the Athene-
uni. «h Mooity EtCftiug the Utb -lnst. at
csrly gas light.. A fall attcndaoae -is desir- .
cd, as business oT importance is to be trass-1 depeaita. It sms palpable therefore, that
icttd. Bs ctdar of tints R«S a ( # .®«*W.W'ttsm to.ws-
squal in amount <c <JM third of ttt'jramedi-.
ato liabilities. Aud Jr; 1 am Bet attarh,
with the exertion of banks of Louisiana,
that any State bank thraughont the Union
has been required by iu charter to keep this
or auj ft her proportion of jfold aednulirer
compared wifu the amount of its combighd
circnlatips and deposits. What hat' beeh
the cbnwqurhcs t In a recent rep-rt made
byjtbe Treaanty Dgnptuaent en the condi
tion of the bataha tbroaghout the diffenat
States, according to returns dated nearest to
. r annary,‘183T,'ibe aggwgufci aioant Wac-
dppoiiW ^130,031,332. Thus It appears
that Hwaa I4nks Is ua sgitfegate hate con .
sidrrably less than oat < ddlar in gold and
•Her compared withlletr. elrculatioa uni
R kioa. anddep'ife tha peof 1- of aconrcrt.
e curreney with al. its dirastrous coose-
queuevs. It is truly wund-rful that they
thculd base to kmg continued to preset r«
their credit, when a demand forth: payment
Of one Seventh of their immediate liabilities
would hare driven them into insolvency.—
And this is the condition of lbs banks not-
srithstandiag that fear hat-'red attillbas of
gold from Culboraia have Sowed in npot. ns
trith*n the last eight seals, and-till coetio-
ny te fijw. In-the yeor ISIS their spe.ie
in froportien to their capital was mere than
oqrwi to one dollar for fou- doiiari and a
halt', in ld3? it does not amount to on: dol
lar for sis dollars and thirty tliter cen'a of
tbeir cspitaL Ia the year 18 Id the specie
was enusi iu withia a very smat! fraction to
ocs dillar in five ef tbeir circulation
and deposits; ia loo7 it L cot equal :o one
dollar ta reven and a half of their eircula-
lioo and depaetta
From this statement R is easy to acc.<ua'.
Lr.our financial hietocy for the Into forty
yeuts. ft ha : been a history of cstravarant
espghsiuni is the bnsirea of the coaatrj,
foliewfd by ruinous eontrwtioits. At suc
cessful interval? the best end m «st enter-
prising men hnve been ttmp'.ed to their ruin
by aiceseite buiL ioatuof mete paper cred
it. eicitino then to estrsTagact importa
tions cf foreign coed-, wild -peculahvoa,
and ruinous and demoralising steel gamb.
iing. When the crjij atrite*. as arrive it
mu<t. die banks cap estend r.o rvlt.t tj tn-.
f copk. Is a rain struggle to redevni their
'iahii.tiei in specie they are compelled to
contract tbeir loans and tbeir issue*, and al
test, in the bear of distracr, whieu tbeir as-
si-tanee UJmcst needed, they and tbeir deb.
tors tuzettier sink into in-e!»eucy.
ft H this paper system ofextnvugmtez.
pan-i. d. rat-ieg the teminai price of cTery
article f t- beycol its real value, when c m-
p'.-C-l with t:-' c-.lt ct <imil-r articles pi
countries wh ee circulotlju ia wisely rvgula.
ted, which has prevented us from competing
is oar own m-ruia with foreign mauafac-
tnters, ba» produced eitravauant iuporta-
t.cts, »ui -as eittnterae.cd the effect of the
large ieetdeslal protection atfordrd to mu
d.ram'c tnanufaciures by the r.reoctit reven
ue ta'lff- 3ol for tit ? 'hr brnrehes of our
mamfretures composci of rj-v cateriols, the
prcduetioDoi our own country—each as cot-
ton. iron acd woo'er. fabric's-—would not
rail aye scoured almod ciolnsive pase—
ticir recurrence cahoot V evtv-ntei 1 I« ! «f the heme market, but would hart
*11 former revsV-tons-the blame might have i created for tnssuyisea a toaigo mi.hot
lea fialr.y sttribrned to a vtriaiy of c>-op- : throoshu'it tbe w. rH.
crating causes; but act so upon tr.- present I neplorable, however, as may be our prei-
occaeioa. It is apepre ut our eiistinr* mis-1 Inane ini condi tico we may yet indulge
*— • ' • * ’y from our ei- r•*<; *•* fotarc ,»\> other
. ' r. vi'Vt h.-i* g*T*>r which hjtf rrw1nr»s?
frnners bare pmerHcd »'ei.
tr:varan: attd vicious system of purer eu
retev and bank rredltr. exciting the tewple' *uch vtoiect eapanjion and & ntrart >*> of
' of >0 antes* .P*fw' wldwot lasting irjnvj; yet tbe
a stifeneutiug enact
1 am**, that the mo.
... oha'l go into liqui
. — that such provisions, with
weekly publication by «ecb bank of n stall,
eut of III oonditisaV woo'd go fir t» seouce
1 tutOiust fbiurc m«jMMiou ot *pee ; c pay-
, ponvec* the power
, In
to pass a uoil „
all banking iustitutions throughout ths Uni
ted States, and 1 strongly recommend its cr«
J v-w X
tbecn t, excb'u» s ..., „„
pi latv appU able In, Ron'of that govorniuent," Had thil beou
oooc, it JFsIsttti that “bar Mqjesty’a gov
ernment would have had little difficulty io
CWBC. This would make the irrevcreiblF agreeing
osganic law orctoh bank's existence, that *
euspwion-ofapcci.; pajmenUehnU produce
its civl! death. TOrflUt net of self prescr-
ration would then compel ft. to perform its
duties in such a ittnuncr at to owspc the
penalty and preserve its life.
The**&t;nce of banks and the cirenlatiun
Of bank puper arc so :U- utified with the ha.
bill of oir peopb-, that tker cannot at this
day beauidcut} abo'isiel without muk)im
mediate irjuty to tbe country. If wo could
cor.fia# tbctn 10 their appropriate sphere; and
ptcreut them from admiuistering to the
spirit of wild nod reckless speculation by «x-
teal specie in their vaults ia Sd£^48.83S, of itavjgact 'oatts and is mss. they might be
their drcnlatiou §31-1,778.8/3, and of their coutiuued witiTadvantagc to the pub! it.
But this I say. after long and much re-'
Bcettoo; if exptnenoe tH.i! prove it to be
impossible to eqjoy llw f-iCiltllU Which wrll-
rygulated banks migbl adbiti, wiihoni n' ihe
same tin) - suffer pg the caltmltiw which tint
Gtaus cf tbr baults hart hither.o inll!ct-xl
upcu llw country, it_ wodd then be far the
lesser evd to deprive them altogether .of tbe
power to L-suo a papier currency and ainfinc
them to the fuccttens of bnuks of depodtea
and disojunt.
Our relations with foreign govern u -i u
arc upon the whole, in a satisfactory condi
tion.
Tbe diplomatic difficulties which txbted
bet -teen the government of the United States
aid that of Great Britain at the adjournment
of tbe last Cou^resa have been happily ter
minat'd by thi eppolotaitit of u British
minister to this country, who has becu cor
dially teaived. __
W'hilst it is greatly to the Lit ere:*, as 1
am convinced U ia the sincere desire, cf the
government* aud people of tna two count,ie*
10 be cu terms of iutiaiate Ir endship w.th
tith otlier, it has been our’luisfortune almost
always to have had some irritalinc, if not
dangucas, outitandi-ag i|uenion with
Great Britain.
Since the origin of the gjverur.icnt we
have been employed in negotiating Iron ties
with that power, and afterword? iu du-cuvs-
ing their true intent and meaning- In this
respect, the convention of April 19, I860,
comm.10ly coiled the t'-iayt-.m tend Bulwer
treatv, hot beta the mostjunfmunato of nil;
because the two governments place directly
eppeeite and contradictory c n trueiions
upon its firs: and «ost important article.
Whilst, in the United iitat.r, w. btlievsd
that this treaty would place both powers
upon au exact (quality by tae stipulations
that neither will ever "occupy, or fortify, .-
oclonlze, or assume or ex rrciso nr.y .‘0 am-
ion," over any pari of Central A uer eo, 1.
is 1 yatended ny tho Brit-tb goiertuictu th <t
•he true construotion of ihii language lias
Lfi them in the rightful pjsse ai:n ;f all
lbs*, par: of Gectrat Amorio which was is
ifceir • ecupacoy at th: d\te .■! the ireaty,
in the fact, that the treaty is a vrtudl re-
eewnition on the psrt of Ike United States
of the right of Great Britian; either a- «*-
ner or protector, to the whslo txten..ire
ceaeti of Central Am.rlct, swaep'n t round
fr< a: tie R» IfoLd) to the p rt and
Union proposed by thb
i yrould bare htdlnefisct
lion at
Senate; which thi
tho tame slcnigcatlon *• the nr 1
l#e. w WbeihelHit* would ha
effect; whether the mere circumstance of
the exchange of tho. ratifieatioos of the
Bri’ish convention with Honduras ptior in
point of time to »he>a»H!e*Uon of our trea
ty with I ireap llriiniu would, ‘‘in effect,''
here bad “th* raute vicnificartoa as the
origieal wrrdieg." and thus hnve nullified
the nii'endiiieut oT the Seoale, muy wsll be
doilbted. It is, porh tps, fortunate thnt the
question has never arisen,
The British iptrrnineuf. Immediately af
ter 'ryeeting the treaty as -amended, prin
posed 10entsBinlo a new treaty, with tho
United, States, similar io nil respoqia tothe-
treaty which'they had just refosed to ratify,
if tho United Stutcs Would eoasent to add to
the Senate’s rlc.-rand un -iialifiul recogni
tion of the stmr.'igntyof H niuras over the
Bay Islands tho loilowiug oouditionalstipu
late.) : ‘\yherevcr asd so soon as tho re
public of Honduras sh.ili have concluded and
roqfitd a tr.aiy with Great Britain, by
which G.o it Britain shpll have ceded, and
tho republic of llondurai shall have accept
ed. the fa : d islm-i, subject to the provisions
and conditions contained in such treaty.”
Thi: proposition was, of course, rejected.
After the Senate had tefused to recognise
the British convention with IIoBdnmof the
2 tlh August, lt-ofi, with full knowledge of
ils Contents, it was impossible for mo, nooas
sarially ignorant of the "provi .ions and con
diti -ns * which might be contained ia a fa
tutu convenHon between the same parties to
sanction them in alviinoe-
'Ilie Lets is, that vrln-n two nations like
Great Britain and the United Stntoi, mutu
ally desirous ui they arc. aud 1 trust ever
may tv, of maiiitainin; the most friendly re
lation 1 with each other, have unfortunately
concluded a trecty which they understand
in scose directly opposite, the wisest coune
is to abrogate such a treaty bv mutual con
sent, and to oommenou a-iow. Ilad this b «n
done promptly, all didicuitio in Oeuiral
Amarici would ui ijt prorably ere this brea
adjos'edt > tho satisfaction of both parties.
The tii'iejipent in lii.casshng tho meaning
of the 1 'lay-ton Bulwer treaty v uM hnvo
be n ievou-i to tire praiseworthy pnrposo
auilth? hisk wenlJ have been the nicro e i-
eily uccoroplishod because ihc inlerest efllio
two countrtesin Centrai A nitric i is idoati-
cal, trug ciofiaed to securing safe transits
;Over all the routes across' the Isthttm t
Whhst eiilefTainlng these sentiments. I
shiiil nevc-tlu-lesj not refute t s c ntributc to
any rea-ouablo ndjuslment of the Central
Ame-i.-nn questioo which is not praet.i-ally
iucou-irtent with tho American lutorpteti-
tion of :ha treaty. Orcrtqres foi this purs
!>>e hava breii t-’cenily mad by thoBi.t.
is'u government in a friendly spirit, which
I cwdially reciprocate; but'whether Ibis re
newed efi -rt will result in *uc■:.-)> 1 am 11 t
yet 1.- ;iared to exptesi an opinion. A brief
peried will detarmjne.
With France our ancient relations 0!
l'htp itiil can'intf 10 exist. The French
ing the same, by meant of suitable persona
appointed to ooqdttct such negotiation:”—
Then twelve joafs expired on the fid Joly,
ISfiti; hut lone before that psrlnd lt wasaa-
cettalneJ that imporltnt changes in the
treaty weie necessity; and levOfal frui
attempts v.ere made by the compiMooers of
the Cnited -States to effect these ehanga.—
Another effort was about to be made for the
same purpose by our commisetoner. in con
junction with the ministers of England and
Franco, but this tvaa suspended by tbe 00*
ournfiSee of hostilities in tho Csnton river bee
tween Great Britain and tbe Cbinete Ent-
pire, ' Them hostilities have neesasarily In-
torrapted tb* trade oral!nations with Qan-
ton, which ia now in a state of blockade, and
have occasioned u serious loss ol life and
property. Meanwhile the insurrection witbs
in the empire against .the exiitiog imperial
dynasty still contignos, and It is difficult to
anticipate what-will be the result.
- Under these oiroum|Unces, I hpvfidceme l
it advisable to appoint a distinguished citl-
xen rf Pennsylvania envoy exlraordiuary and
minlstsr plenipotentiary to procaed to China
and avail himself of any opportunities which
may offer to elftot changes in the existing
treaty favorable to Amcncan commerce.—
He lift od the Uuited States for the placcof
bis destination in July last inth.-waj
steamer. Minnesjta. Special ministers to
L'-iina have alio boon appoialcu by tho gov
eromeut of Dfeat Britain aod France
Wliilat our minister has been instructed to
occupy a neutral position in reference to the
ex is! lug hostilities at Canton, he will cirdi-
aliy < co-:perat-> with tho British aud French
ministers in all peaceful measure* to suture
by treaty stipulations, thoie just concessions
to commerce which tbe nations of tho world
have a right to expect, *od which China
cannot lung be permitted to withhold. From
assurance* received, I entertain" no doubt
that there ministers will act io harmonious
concert to obtain similar onmmorola! trea
tics for each of the powsrs wb'cb they rep
resent.
\V e cannot foil to leu 1 u de:p iutorest in
all that concerns tho welfare of the iodspen-
dont republics on our own continent, as well
as of the empire of Brazil.
Our difficulties with Now Granada, which’
a abort time since bore so threatening an
aspect, are, it is to bo hoped, in a fair train
of rettlcment, in a manner just aud lionnrn •
bk to both parti's.
Thu isthmus of Central America, includ
ing thnt of Panama, is tho great hUhway
iX“ n rarnl an n? 7 1 P M fiC,0V " rfv' Ml * b|,, h *BOVMBnKnt Jf the,',own under the
“ “, r ff. LC cura ?'i rco I •u-aslle.l Topeka constitution- The persons
^orl'* 1* dcJtmcd to pass. I ho United ttiached to ihij revolutiorurv organizitiuu
States are more deeply interested than.u* y alistoim-d from tskinganv part iu the chc-
other nation in preserving the freedom an 11 tion.
recurity of all the communication ncrost
tho isthmus. It is our duty therefor: to
ecaifoll carried on unt l Fsb. 18S5, when,
whilst iu;tbo peaeafal pro*.“catwo of Iter
voyago up tho,Parana river, (ho steamer was
find upon by a I’araguajfan fori. The fire
waa'returntd t but as the Watoe-Wtleli wus
of small force, and not dcsifioed for offens
sive operations, shs retired irom the confflot
The pretext.upon which tb* attack was
made was a dscree of tbo President of Par-
aguay or Oct, 1804, prohibiliqg foreign
vessels of war from narigatinc tho rirers of
that State. At Paraguay, however, wa-
U10 qwtfer of hut con bank of the river n!
that name, tbe other belonging to Corr' -n-
tett, a Stale of the Argentine Confederation,
the right of it* government to- oxpect that
such a decree should be obeyed, cuunot be
soluowledged, But the Water Witch was
not, properly speaking,-a vessel of war —
She wua a small steamer tyma.,ed in a so-
entiflo ontorprise intondeilfor ttHntdaVnluje
of cammarcial .States . generally. Under
those oircumslunces, I am constrained to
eotftirfor the attack upon her as unjustifiable,
and os oalling for satisfaotion from tits Pa
raguayan government,
(lltuens of the United Sutss, also, who
were e»t*bli»liod in Partgusy, have had their
propirty seize,I end taken from them, «nfi
navi otherwise been treited by the authorit y
ill'an Insu'tiitv snd orbit ary- tuaunrr, which
require) rsdjeu.
A domiltd for these purposes will lie msde
ittn fi-m but onciliitory spirit. Thio will
tbe more probohly be granted if the Krccutive
■hall have authority to use other means in the
event of s tefuitl. -This is accordingly rsc
ommonded.
It Is unnecessary to statu in JetaU the alar-
ming condition of the Territory of Kansu at
the limoof my inauguration. The opposing
parties then stood in hostile array against e?ch
oth r snd any accident might have re ligh i-fi
the dailies of civil war. Besides, at tbiseriti
cat moment, Kansas was left w.tbput a gov
ernor by the rcs'geatioa of Governor Get-
nr-
On the tttthaf f.-'-rilirr previ tu., the l.rri-
t"rial lugiiUture Itsd pnivifieJ for the election
of ile/egates on the third Vlomlsy of Juno toe
ennventirn t > meet on the first Monday ol
Bepleinhcr lor the purpose of framing u e m-
ttilulion preparatory! to admi-vion Into th-
Union. This low wss in the msin fair 11 ;
just; nod it is to be regretted Mini uli tin
qualified elector) liadn. t registered th une vo
and voted under its provisions.
At the time of the election for dolegstes. at,
tensive organization aiisteunn tho Territory,
whose avowed object it was, if need he; It put
down the lawful g ivernmrnt by force, an 1 t
lake care that they shall no', he interrupted,
jjhjjer by invasion from our own country, or
by wars notween the Independent State: of
Central America. Under our treaty With
New Uraemia, of the l2thof Dec. 1840, we
oie bound to guarauto: the neutrality of the
Isthmus of Panama, through which the
Pauama railroad passes, “as wo I u the
rights of sovereignty and property which
New Granada has nod posse.? is over Mi:
The act of the Territorial legislature had
omitted to provide for submitting to tho |H)..-plr
the constitution which might he framed hr me
c invention : end in tho excited state of public
leeline throughout Kon-as an sppieho-sion
extensively prevailed that a design existed to
faro- upon them z constitution in relation to
slavery tgnin-t their will In this emergency
it becamemv duty, at i: was my unqoe-'ion
aide right, having in view the union uf an
good cittzer.1 in support of the territorial h-v
to express an -pinion on ths l-ue construrtioi
«id Territory.” T. is o-oligatiou is founded i ” f '}* slavery contain ;; i
: .a .. . . a” ,. 1 in tiio organic net of Longriw of Ihe IJOtb
nri/in Cnilivsl n*a na ., , I I .1 , . I k»IU UrKdtllk ULI l’I vtJnklCffl OX Ilie sluiu
tdooiv^n , ^ | b - H,, ? i May. I Ha t. Congre-a declared it to bo th
States 1 ^ 1>9 ° P <! ° fll ° Uult0 ' 1 ! trua iutaul and meaning of.jhi* set n,: k
Ui.dfr Ibe-o riroumslaticoal reebmuoail
tor of San Juan, ds Nicnragoa, t get'-er | gore:nmen: having i t usu-ral recent iustan
wna the ad : ac Bay Inlands, except ihe . get which r.e.sl n,.t he enumorated, e.-icccd
(1 spirit of goo 1 Will and kiudiit , loaatds
our coantry ubioa I heartily rco
i) no'.witls’r.ndinp, much io b
that two nations'hose prods - tin -s are ol
3‘tch u.'.barar.i-r so to fovito t c strxfon
siyo-xchauaciopd fweat ffojnno.val inter-
courre, should Ooutioue to enforou aucicitt
L-.d .-bsulute rr-ssnetijiw of iraoa agonist
each o.h r. Our commercial tren'y with
Fracch is it this rv.pec: a* execptiuti ftom
oar troitie: » th ui: other eamhicnjiol na-
I "j», Itjeaious'y lovics ditcrintioatn-g dn-
U- - h co lonttge, sou on article.,, the
growth, produce, pr utauufaettire uftbe wtu
e,u..try, wb-.a arriving iu ves-eis lei otigmg
totlnotber.
- More Ikon fitly y-ars ago so the 3 I of
March, lS’.fi, C *„•«<- pawed ju act off-rf-
Ug !
aJt.it their umvlsla-
deuo i witn tl)ctr nati i.ai productijns iota
thi r»r!« t f ins United SialM upon the
iamv enu-wit, oar )>wn tesat-ix. provided
I tuey w ■. re' p.-;ea:e to us atailar adv.in-
tag.-k. This act C) _ :lnc.i tho reciprocity to
comparatively --rniiLportija of th ; < between
tbe Sara toon ao-d L',tps: Houdurar. Ae.
ding to their e&:a'rue:ie-n. lit treaty J, ,-j
no more than aioipi^ prohibit then, l.ooi el-
tendin''tbeir pusatisione in Central Ameri
ca beyond tbe present limits, iii-u,.; too
much to a.fert, that if In the Cube I States
the treaty bad 1 ecu considered ausespiiUls
of ncha cona'.ruc'i tt. it t-ever wouid have
been negotiate.! under the authority of the
President nor tvnoli it lave- rcce'red the
approba'.io: cf the rienti*. He uoiverjai
conviction in th: United r> -.as, tout
to Kti i ofecubdioo* aai jym.b.io" in amcxi tat^r creffi's without lasting irj-i'y; yet the when cur gurerntnont e-onreutcil tu v.< la'e
Tie.e tevoTics mo»: etc'iese to reev: at Of our pcpoaMc-n, and'he spirit ita^rad tional *t.d lime- hooorevi pphey, anti I
joir.t*rilTt i-iw-ls a„ i i u gj* aruoant ! which never quails before d Qrultica will eo to stipulate with a foreign gcvqrcment
ofjupereonexcy and t»vik ioaos. a : i <i:z- *K? aMOon M t«ov« ftom oub pies’ntb j or to • crapy cr acquire a territory tu the
counts o; tbeioaxp.ry -ball be !*f* t'n th: ‘ ( rmb*XT**smenu, en-j may wsn or: I Centra! American ptrtijn cf eu i trn u;;-
ererioR.ef farteeo tucircd irrespeesanfo eaaioc sa ggridy to fongtt the l«»x. which | nent, tha consideration tor tuia a verifier was
bankirgiwti'utioE), whicli from the very :r.ef have tauqirv -- 1 that Great Br..vian snouid, in thi, rvspeei
law sf their c»!n:c, vtidronani; it* in'.-rs*; > ftihs tavatat me it is tb* da:* o: the j at ; e*.st. bo p'aced in th"-ame position with
ofthsir etsxlboldtre rather than •.bo-pubiio goveentnat, by al. p'ups: mes t witbiFi.r |o:rsr-lTet Whilst wj f.-av-z so r-ght tu
nelfore. po-wer.. - aid tn allexiaticg tur suXringt of d.nbt t’f sincerity of lh= liri isb gov.gr,.
Ico frrraer««f-tbe era-Tterios; wte* I tit* people ccoiiiooed by the anipeisioa of men: in their con* ruction oi. the tre.:y,«
they par* *« Gwwrae* the cower “to tsin • l> bunt.*, and to prev.-ie usainat >. recur-1 is at the fame time my ifoliuerate -uy.- :!on i the pr jda.tfoas u f tu-i rcapegtive idre'jfo tt»
raenvy and to re-ru’ite the value thereo.’,” renew of ux tuot '.nlvmty. Lut-rtu-it. y., th»t :hi= c-.aatroe.ivh t< ad -.pp-r* ifon h-).fi ! itot.-v ho uitgu. u or mto the proposed ar-
aad iu spirit. ra , .-raetil with the United States, Thi
f htteadmiaistrati, •; -ecotiat o.n, ( of iiay SI i.?J:, ren'ivgd this restriction
• — -— . "-w-'en in two g tveruv j end olfinda aimilor reciprocity to nd racb
1* psymest of debt*, nifpcscd thi* they kud ' ** *« “? » l»3. It wtl. | ments for the purpose, if pouibie, reu a- vessels without refersnoo tn the origin of
pr-iecred tbo people »»»a»t ths eviH f an jeeaUaui to diowarge its luh.litie* totkej -ing Uu»e d-ffi-ulhoand * treaty hiving tbeir earj-.-es Up r. tii-»«-wiucipies oor eum
ex esxive aod i.-.-eiseanvhe cirren-y. T a3 y j-peoy is-tu gold and anver. iu d rtommeLt? |this Usd- .e-t-j .-• ih vi.-xv was signed at , mereial treaties and arran.ououu have been
iga cot reapiiaihfo tu the tiiatlsgarum-ly j* P*** * a '-y etfcnboti.r, aod mater-1 L don on tr. ii-u Octub.r. l-'n, and tra* I f.vuuik-d, except a uli Franco; and let us he'*.-
th.t a gove-tm-lct ecdovod aitb the «.v- t^By Mehta natcrieg a »mn tu-rci, — rtubmittod by tbo I'lerid-nt u t..v. Sena'.,- j tl.ai this exception may not long txial. •
cr-ia-'. attrilmu of coining money »-,4 r*g- : Frota ir* htgu credit, sc >-bi wu t-. -omp-i ' . the f.Uwwiag lOta m De.eaiber. When- , Ojr r-.-li.ious wt u Kmaia rtmaiust* they
tiatxj tbe viiue tbereef should bar* tfie :j make a ttopjr»r.: Jaan. it can os cf- ; er this treaty, either n i’- Jtiqir.aicrame.i- ' hnve «v r ir.-eu, on the no- friendly footing
power to preiect itfc«r» f;oi» dtivisf tk’i ‘ adr*»t»ffHut t rax- fhie, how- j tied form w.,u d havo acomplished the ob- The ptes.-nt Ern e,or, aswctl ashtj pru-
coin ooor tbe ec-.:ry, and 8t!i*g a? tha :®J er ' ifpotatbie. be avo-.ded, t-it.ifoot jeet intended without g-.v ug birth to new dcceror.h-.ve never faied, when tho ncei.
rt*6» Is of eiieslatioa wttt b paper -*vrt*.' ft** 0 ,!l « M*oaot aball ht Bmi^d ta thc’ow-iand emhirraseing eotnp’Jcatii'iu between ii.t offered, tn manifest t'.-.oir good- win to
ey, whies 3oea ■ ol repreeest gotdvr »-S' otjneval utm j tha two goventiueuta, may perlwps he well | our conulry ; anJ iLcir friendship has always
V«T. k have, therefore determined that wlulsi qnertioned. Certain it ir, itowuver, t: was ' been highly appreciated by tbe gownment
It ii cue if ihe highest ni s-.»r r--an.,ovi- ' n> us-fo. x-v. rntn-s* vr-.r*- a.ready u. -,-u-1 rmdered n. j-th T-.«) objec!ioa.)blo by ths d.i- ] and poi plo ol the United States.
Ue detie* cf thi* raven.men’.cn.cre •, ‘bull t-e smprnded, new work: cv. ai-[ fereV ..endmvnie made to it by too S B n- With ad other European goten-iuenhi- ex
tterccpieainandcTcuretiojiadium the r»d,v ere*«eaeei. wut be porp .0*1. if tei- ate. J hr treaty, a* amend#.:. »*, ratified' c pt that of Spain, osr re-1 ttions are a* pe tee
ancwit.jf whfrh aogfit lo be wdap-ree *, t i, ; ran i>-w t-t- nt itjury^io Ihe c ucfry.l by me m the 12tL March, I>•57, atel wa: feel *• werau ff danre. I regret to any that
i for ratificatiqg by the no pr-.rea'*vh.t ever ha# been made since
i hut gruxeut ex- 1 the *,u; ameut oj C >'-grcsj towards the Ht
.acur tn all tbe f t.rment of. auy of live numerous claims of
-.-r.a'.c w;tb ii. - our citizens agait.at tbe Spaniah government.
... ., „ ; ', :, 7 oHatiag to 1 BeaidO). lit* outrage esmmitted on our flag
itirageT'K Even, ;o.uriDraniable«on- Ruaunacdus tr.*r ■ iclsini r B ,y o' by t;«; .Spanish wa.- frigate Fariolann
for,,Mti .-Bjoatice to xi vtdoals as well a* «!utt*r-»! ob^xttoca,did n,t ez.rt agatnn: the | Hcr.iur.i- Hi- trw.tit the , r gmal ire.,- f high ,eu. on tho cost ul Cuba, In March
tr-efiafty* ev-u to the ccmmanity avs t'th" woui-j ty, a. submitted to the Senate, after exact- IMG,' by (i.iag into the American mail steam
cooequeawtr. foroisb oo MHBreveatito «M*^y.- tag that dpree ieUsL and tlctr i-'-habi'anta ; er K i’urado. and detain.bg and sewebiag
Un.ratanaiety, tbe coee'reetren cf the 1 najory el WU1II Uicr vf the Lr..ta.d, having ^ en by a c-v.reut.on heartog ..ale . h*; remains unacknowielgodand notcJreMed
freer) conatitu: V., *Uch hax row p. c ra 1- • Eutra afcunctioUy prosea the truth of th* the u7tfa day of Aogu-t. IMG, hetwcuu her I The gu:,.;a) tunc sad temper of the Spanish
ed tx Jeag t> be changed t>. > imorerwet untt-jm. "urb » bias eru.d not, if a I Britannic Majesty and Me rt-uahe ,.f aoverntneut t..varJi tho United Elate* are
toi rliW . ^oa a a «/ aa a m Lsw k J1*. s-sssJ /. - . W “,n * ' "Z r f . > '- f #- r).* tlkrtl-J ref )I I’fOa ? t f ■ C.f ffa • •_ ! M Aflrlneu m at. -a afT'i'f-.,1 ,, r .1 /la ., --.I f j XU ilC*
to Congroes the passage of uu ae; authoriz
ing the Pr—i'lent in case of necessity, to
•niploy the laud and naval forces of th: U.
S, to carry into effect this gnurantee of cen
trality and prolectiu"- I nhu icrominend
•iin'dsr tcgislatioo for the s, curity of any
other route across the isthmus in which
prorate,It j w: way acquire au interest by treaty,
og vtod, With the independent republic) on this
continent it is boh our duty and our inter
est to cultivate th: m'M friendly relations.
We cm n vor led indifferent to their laic
and must always rejoice in tbair prosperity.
Unfortunately, both for them aod for ure
cur example and advice have lost much of
th, i influence, in eonscqneao' of the law
less expeditions ivliich have teen fi tod out
ngaiust soma ofthe-nwithin the limits of our
country. Nothing is bstter calculated to
retard our iteady tra'eria frjgresf, jrimpair
our character as a nation, titan the to'eratiott
of such enterprises, iu violation of the la v
ot nations
meamn*
| legislate silvery into any Territory or -stat
uor to exclude it therefrom, but to leave the
thereof perfo-etly free to lortn and legulstrthnir
domestic inviitutions in their own way." Un
der it Kansas, "when admitted is a Slilo,”
was to "boreceive! iut-i the Union, with o
without slavery, as their constitution tniy ore
scribe it the lime of their admission."
Dil CongriMi mesn by lh ; a hnguige the
tbe delegitcs elected tii 'rs-ne a eonalilutic
should have aulhor tf Unalfy to decide th-
question oi slavery, or did they intend by hav
ing It totbe peopl--, tbn*. the people ot Kansa.
tbemeolses ihoul.l decide this by a direct v >t-,l
I In this sulipict (confess t had n-ver ent r-
tained a rcrionv d m't,and. therefor# In ms
m-trunon) to (ior Walker oi lhekStli Mt'vii
last I merely sti-l that svh#n a coin.i Oti.on
•bat! be submitted ta theneop!: of tbo Turri-
tory thor moo) be prenect d iu the rvorci-e "I
theif right -f v .ting fozar opt.oaf that ina-.ru
menf, and the fair expression ot the papular
will mustn it bemterruntsd by irauj or vio
lence *
V have, therefore determined that
’ reaper'si- : *® Mv-fn V'v.rotn-n* w .rk- already ti. p-u- ■ r-i.u.r-
eo"ire fo JV6« atail be jn;p:nded, new works en'. ai-1 fere
iii.ro the f®d? cejnt*eacei, wit: be pue'p.ned. ,f t*j. j ate. J
. -■>* j can be Aim- w toont ioinw to the c.un’rv.][by me
ihehtorat pesribi# wjstfcn) -id skili Io ih# Th** nepeuiry for its defeaae »*>ali p”>- . ttiaas'lt/d to ly.ndo
wantaofiitcrai! tvaJcanff P-ttg'r.cicbaog. ** t. evgw jheic ha-l bre-n no ctreT it I Brihso q.v-.rumenl.
ex If tfib be either greatly at or; etgrear- ' ur m **~ruy aff-irf. • j preavrd it: williniinc-'a to c.
1/ beiow tireprep-r saodnfi, themarketa- B’’ ^ federal jnveri.merit eauoct do 1 ame'.Jiain 1 ) male oy the
bo valve cf every nta'a property i. ss-*hHb«“-ftr-Miit-g»j > #t a mnrrtcei of exa j tingle exception of th.- da
“—*“ or-; v-j *>.- , am « proper*
as <
city a
ertaaed or iitinisiied in the
t-rei d-a.cr-te Jury tuz tten da evere-i from
the c-.oing po-er, *w sirtua.lv ’-iasterr d
' nc.-s trexofoarteea kredr.. h'.at# backs,
acre': j ladryxdeal.y rf each rarer, acirg-
uiatieg 'he r paper t-.secs ziavat ex-1
ly by a regsxdto the prevent m
tbeir ftcdchoHm. Exercizing the p«
ai?t p-wrr cf providing a paper rur.-en-y, j ton Hink
uvb » bank c't'.J not, if it j Britannic Majesty and
de the heox-s'acd credits of four- Hnndurae, e-<c»tita»<l ar.d 'Ji.-.-ar;d - f. c# I much Pj tw regretted. Uur present unVov
- -• ; -re: Tt bn us in .«<b a manner (tern ,-y under tb* wvercigr.'y of the Slid extwordinary end minister plenipotentiary
“ ' f" *jffc -• i vepubli; cf Hondaras.” -ttpea'd tfm. "the Madrid hasked to U replied; acd tt
eoutra-non* ia-tf.currency which ifixled l«» ccptraeimg part.-,, -it t.-.rch; tna.uffly ! is my purpo at,-utautw mirji.tcr to
■re r untry 'hr, u 0 -..c;t t.,e .x stenc* ot the ; engage tu r - gnu# and respcc ,n ail fa:u e Spa.n, -fo'h .rto! ...-t.-uutior.ic-D all qua*
•a - Wix rrev-en. ogfuoat future w-! g»e the i:.dspeudeor.i ami nghte of th- s., J t„ni pending between the two govertiaSoU
vy u a part of the r. p io-i: f ai.J with a t!*:e;u inatlontoluve thetn»pe«l
i.- in d ant uanly adjusted, .(this he poesib u
. .... „ ... i.nntqii.ii 11 the mtau'.ime, whenevoreour minliterur*
•- J {en. Brisian and . .aodo'ii of the - g j th: jiut claims cf wnr';i , ..*---ni on the no
t cept the ripaUsi;government, hs is owe
in 182- 1 ) an tS-ir- was trdde by l free tern'
' Engiatxi to curtail th# i«ar* cf! Ifoodunts."'
Upon ■
fffth August, l«3C, it •/as found taut,
wh,bt‘hnlarntg tbe Bay Iilzndi to b-> - ,
free territory under'hsa'vereign'y of tie
instead of or,:*, f,r the withtry the fit- - i-.- : the <r.un ry ha.-.ki under the ro-jr.t fzvnxant,
tv whieh tin*: banka cere to the prublm. ii ' -eunwleoces. Tee psiper currency Lid
w k-ep -c then'TShltj isnffiri*n; am- not of be- n ttpaoPd t, a ruijoa# ex ent, and m-
fe.’-j lad # : !ier to enrev* the re.n’.ro'e-tibiii ■ I’ 1 "* pot forth al power t: cralract it s
ty cf th'-r to‘*s"nt<, c.in utailtios# «eg j«der to ralsee priara and the cqaili
u-.<fera l - irremsia'c** So bank ought [bfiaia of the fort.gn exchangee, it ecc.rd-! repnb ie of ll'in-foras," it ,jop*)v»(j
ev« to be ebartered witi»-ut «oeb ns»i> i *S : J wc-oencesJ a ly^-a cf arta'lmtit of'repobbe cf r|*i,u a beat wh eh it* .o r
time cd buriotet as fo secure this re- 1 1'?loans a.-.'i re-re.a, in iair. I-,;* ; our :.Vm f'o-ii n.e rtir.uicd-.-r ..
euif. All c-ber i.ir-reo are evtcraritt'o- join'- stock end private tonke of tcek.npd-'.m: Hor-dtii-s, and give '.- thetr inhabttiuct i
Jy vuilSu Itr- .. ta - c;.iy true UMcUttoot, I * 0, h! ho oonpr-llcd to follow exam; I-r -T-.ra'e gov- ruiwnt f t'.e'r two w.iiiLg-
>c<ffal/ : ut re-gniapir. -f * ptper ear* • tM***r, that <w it ftxitraetd 'h-v 1 - " ' -
it-acy—the r.gly v*e with can ever guard j •'Xtandoi, ac<l at the end tire pro,/., 'j
tfie puh.ir zgains', ever i-aue aod bao£ in#, j eu;pl?y tee ianjrnaje o', a very n gi ff, ,
fiotuiot At a collateral an! -v.-naai w. L’ rreloctloa of the ^•ptre-atcji.; u
curity ir is do ant! -os wise, and ia a*l rts. s . was rff-tre'd ' y tn*. Brtr.k -1 ; n-d. [ n
on tti/1 he required, that a oyi* 'iioold bo:J j 1825] w-v oiore tlwo made up t.j ti.- ir-1, ,
an anKu.-.t or Uniu-d rita'eu or htate **ru- of the co«n;r> 1
ri.rea equal to M ay note* in circulation and 1 Hot * B* [ -k of tbe Cnire-I
J l^tyev lor tr.*r *r redemp'ioc, Thia, | U^ cootd. rxatra-r. the If-ti*- nr.d ,/i
- •.■uuv-, auljuntriul i-ffic-r,. else-
I ■-.- i-‘.'i.-<!-e- It deprive! ir a poren -
-•"’-I fl'.'idurau'f tlu: taxtrg p -»tr iu
try form, nod VI- r. ' A Ur' people of tire.
Is f'om tue pe-f rasa'.' 1 ' rf
w-th he obje rMori tua Congress lias neve."
made ti.-; appropria;ion rec uimj-mdod bv
Prciidecjrevolk in hi* anonal MctKgeof
D o-:po. r, 1 - 17, ‘ t., l,j |,,,id i# t.jj .sp,ini'll
r. orr,meat f.r ihe purpoteof dUtribatioo
s. n'.ng the clnwnnia in t:.e Ai.-.i.tufeaac-”
A s .miar reeen v.ei. Ijiior. -*ns m-il* by my
inmed.ate j.radeca«-f in lisa iceaugo ->f Di.
'.eiritier, 1803, end entirely concuring with
L.'b it; ih~ opinio* that'hj itde-muiiy ia
tlri« under the treaty vrit.l hpaiu of the
•! P" r rM *'- r : ' 1 »'«•*/ s/lb Oeober Mb. I earnestly r commend
' *7 • * lue r cITO * , atl u t r jf0 . ir iAU'/f» to lu‘J faTOf«U.* C03*
• .70f.r*c.oifc;<hairpttS.*cfr«itt ‘.re.. • » lumirt o(
/. 't.n * ior.., upon Iren. I, r th ir pr-» j A treaty of friendship acd eomtaerev wo*
re nhx ,MVInrr tlw,„ i con toi„f . imd-rei at CWianiinopI* . n (lie 13th
fof the htate hanks, bad tba Unitrii.- ud-
to aecoBBBviaM' wi'h Great JlriU.n .
lUjewitins) toculUyatc
tri'clly rrleti uts-wlih m r country, and haa
'ipruwda strong wislithatwn shoo Iff be
m,.ls with loo*,«dioj^a«ldI have bteatoMd-o MCgu.zc anl ..pr-wtnr«l « t Teheran by., minlvtnr pleni-
ti. Hotu lib* beta nf! future? t l K§e * - ■ * - ! - ■ *
wires, t 7 cannot be coeverted m'u g-J j nation with tL-
nnd nilver at the moment of pressure, u tv expand
oo.- experieneas reachyx, io rrt Ira* time to! tfo-iv favoribv
prevaot Udltnonpuninu* w-l u-efeeia- - are Jargeslrtidesd#. Both Im bean ow 7m "R future •an*'* t*i«»* stipulation* m t. e n.hn,ti*n aril I sec- »■»# tfost J.
tion of bask rote,. IcEttga I. .» i, • „ ■ r^Wgurd to ffw last bank. prejudice of Hondur*#. ftefng i„ d!„.t tfm V
{o * eonwiirabh' cxtrnV a p i/ r n.oney .Utflf all, we n.twt muiaty rely upon lb* position to the spirit an-l mcaoiog of ihe iLc rt reearrcnc CM-' b ”.. I
oussnixy, though va*l!r ccbiml cor o*a in! papefotaB and wiedotn of tl»-Stein, for the ' -*ylon end t'ulwer ireaiy, ae nude-, ofo ,, ,i.«r-ioa «r iu .. r.
thi# revpect, it rai dc*med adruin'e, ante/rerepM-renlioii areJ icdrtns of tbe evil IrtVy in the United Htater, the §twu« rejected , .m. '.v... a,! Jut. ZltZ
•r I*IwffCtdf.Fnrilacakat tt 1811. v.-hjg^! w:„ affwd a. a r*)l specie box;, for onrpa. 'V rau. rlaou, and ,obstitnte<i In it, » ,T.w raL^nritv.ml 'cxL.I^’r.'ilss
arinelr **p*nt*d the i*ro* cf norse frem lit I t-vr c-rc-xSxri.u by it-creasing the deoomioa- I stead a smiplt recngm.ico of the «-.ieir-igt r „»,*«, The areie'e of rh£ ,
‘bankiag department, for the ban^Tid £trg- j two of benk ootre, liret tp tsreoty, led rfier-! right of Hoodora* In Ih^e ielands in kbof stipulate*for a rtrViq-f It In rare If tx^
; In expros'.Dg this:pinion it was lar fr itn
. I my intention to intoricrc r> ith Urn d.cisiun
It is one of ihe firs: and highest dutiot of, 8i th* pjopi-; i f Kansas, citli.-- fo.- or agai s
any independent Stitt, in it: relations with ] elavery. From this I fiavu aU’aya careful v
the members uf the fam.lv of natioin, to ’ abstain,d. Ir.truslod with the duty of tfo
ri Btrain ita pooplt- from hostile aggressions ! ing'care that the law: be faithfully execut-
agair.st their citizens or subject*. Th.-moii- ; ed,*iuy (,nty .htalut was that the prefoc r f
eminent writers on pubi.c law do i.nt besi- . Kansas sit itld furnish to t.'oiprcsj tire evi-
into to denounce such hostile actsas robbery | dtocu required by the organic ad. whether
®“ r u: ; . j for or against slayjry i and in tbi3 taaunc'
tV(a< ar. l foe 1.1? States, like thoss of 1 smooth Ibe'r passage into the Union, lc
Central America, may not feel. themselves ! the erne ging from ihe territorial dependence
'•bio to assert and indicate their rights.— ! into (lint of u covoreig.i Slate, it was their
t he case wonld be lar different if expedi- duly, iu rny opinion, t.- tniko known tlieir
iiods were set on foot within our.own Ters i will b7 the votoi uf tho majorHy, oti'tho ui-
rttoriex to make private war against a pnw ; r ect iinostion whether this important domts-
erful oaiion. ll auob expedition* were- fit- : do in-tilution should or should not coiitin-i-
ted oat from abroad against any porthn of : to uxi*». Indeed; tbit was th# only posiiblc
our country, to burn down cor cities, mur- ; mode in which tbeir will oould be auth-mtiv
dee ar.d plunder oar people, and usurp oar ; cally ascertain'd
ild call any
gov'rnment, we vhooia call r.;:y power on
earth to ihe strictest account for not pre
venting such enormities.
Ever since Ihe administration of General
Washington, acts of Congress have beon iu
force to punis-h severely tbo crime of selling
CO foot any military expeditiup within the
Tho election of dolegv.es to a convention
must neeostarily take place in stparaie drefo
tricts. From tins cause it may leudnj-E.ip.
pen, as has often been the cam, tlwt u ma
jority cf tho people of the Tertruory arc on
one side of u queeti-ih, whilst a mi
the rt-pre-ci.' itivrs froprfbeseveral Ji.-trx. t-
limita of the V. 8 , to proceed from thence ! into which it is divid'd may 1 c up tn the
against a nation or Stale with whom we j oilier side Tlyiwiriso. fiom the fact lha
are at peace. Tho present neutrality act ol
April kOtb, 1818„ is but little ipore than a
colleotlon of pre-existiog laws. Under this
aet the J’re-ident is empowered to employ
the land and naval forces and the m litiy
"for the purpose of preventing the carrying
on ol any such expedition or enterprise
fr;in the Territories or jurisdiction of the
tbo United Htales,” acd tbo collectors of
customs are authoriz'd aod required to dec
tain any Travel iu pork when there it reason
to b-ltuYe she is about to taka part in such
lawlese cnlerprisoi.
When it was first rendered probable that
an attempt Would be m:d- to got up another
unlawful expedition against Nicaragua, the
Secretary or State imu-d instructions to the
marshals and district atternoys, which ware
in totno disjrect) uc'rgalcg jqiy be elected
by amidl-majorities, whilst iu uthors tin s.
uf different sentiments may receive majori
ties tuffioiently great n-'t "nly_ to ov.-rcumi
tho votes given (or the former’, but tu lc ivo
a large majority of the wholo p opl ; i i di
rect opp-sitinn to the majority of the dele
gatee. Besides, our history prove; that iu-
finances miy bo brought to bear on (he rep
resentative sufficiently J powerful to icduc-
him to diart-gard the will < f Iris cnnstiiuc.r,
The truth is, that no other autlrntio and
satisfactory modo exi-ta of uscjrtaining the
will of u mijcrety of the pco| le r.f any
State or 'I'erritor, on an important uud ix-
citing question !,k that of slavery in Kan
sas, exept by leaving it to a direct v
How wise, then, was it for Congress tu pus-
direct' d by the Secretaries ot Wtr and the , over all «uhordinate and interni d.atu ug,-n
Navy to tbo appropriate army and navy i *icj. and proceed dirodly to the tource
ofliears, requiring them to bo rgilaut and | of all legitimate power undvr our institu-
to us* their best exertiens in carrying into | ti„n*.
effect the provision, uf the ae; uf 1818.- | How vain roald any other principle prove
Notwithstanding these precaution*, tbe ex- in practice? Thia may ho illn.lrated bi
pedilioa has esraped from onr shores— the case of Knosai. Bhuuid she bo admii-
hnclt enterprises can <’o no pozsib Io good tu | ted into tho Union, with u conetilution eitb-
tbe country, but have alrenriy inflicted much I * r maintaining or abolishing elavery againsl
injury both on iu interraU aod tie charac-. the sentiment of tb* people, this could hare-
Icr. 1 hey lave prevented peaceful unrni- „ 0 other eff.ot than to coutmuo aud to ex .s-
grait .n from the ffinilol Htate. to th* Statez p9r at 0 t | je existing agitation during th,- hrief
-f Central America,.which could pot fail parfod required to make thccsn.titulion
t» prove highly Irncficial to all parlira con- - coofornt to the irresponsible will of the ina,
cvrncd. In a pecuniary point of view alone | jorily.
our Citizens hay* .uUaioed heavy losaov The friends and s .ppurlers of th- N, bras
'‘“‘J®* ? f . th<1 , tnD,il ka acd Kanras act, wh:n struggling
route by tba Baa Juan bstween the
ocean*..
The leader of the reran’ expedition wa#
nrrezud at >Tew Orleans, bit was diicharg-
rd on giving bail for hi. appearance in
the in.-ufiicicnt auui of two ti.oueaud dots
law.
I commend tb* whole subj-ct to the eeri,
o'» atbmtion pf Congress, b licving that our
duly o*d pur ii.U-rul, a* well a* our national
recent-.ee ision to sn-tiin its wise provi.io;
before tho great Irihimal Cf the Ameri--,
people, never differed about Ita tine meaning
on tbfJiobject. Everywhere tliroughon' the
l.iiion they publicly pledged their fuiili and
tbeir honor, that they wouhi cheerfully sub
mit the question of slavery to th* decin-m
of tho bona fide people or Kaa«as, without
any restriction nr qualification whatever—
All were cordially nniled up- n Ihe great
»d t ii fo firm tt Mufliadotk vylth or without
Havrryi and he admltta<| into tho Union up
on fenns of perfect oqtflafltjr wilbdho Other
Stale.,' M ' ' fo
Tho conyenlicn' tofrnmo ocooniltuuou
for ICaiuarfeet'An tho flrit Monday of rteb-
trmber last.'>Tney w'ore called together by
virtue of (Iti net of tho . territorial lcgkl&s
lure, whot* Inwfol wiatoncoTiad b ,-cp feor g-
niaed by Congress in dlffi-rentranaeiraenis.
A largo proportion of the cttlzena of Kansas
did not ililuk p oper ti rogi.tor tli<ir namci
nnd to vole at tho election lor delegate;: ;
but an o oportunity to do this having bonn
fairly afforded, their refusal to avail tlicm-
s, Ives of their right could in no manner af
fect tho legality of the'convention.
This convention proceeded to frauo a
constitution tor Kansas-, and finally tin y uds
journed c.n tin: 7lh day of November. But
little difficulty occurred in She convention,
except on the subject of slavery. . The tru b
is, thnt tha general provisions of our recent
State constitutions are ra tiioilar—md I
may add, so excellent—lint tho difference
between tbvn is net era e dial. Under tha-
o.rlier practice of t I goverfintoh t, i.o cons
slitutiou foamed by tha conrontiou of u lVr-
ritory preparatory to its admission into the
Uni.u as a Statu had been submitted to tho
pcojl’. ! :ru?t, however, the example s-l
by the la-t Gun j res', requiring that Ihe
constitution of Minncsotn 'should be subject
-o the npproval and rntiffcntion of the j co
pic of tho proposed Slutc,’ may bo followu i
-n luturc occasion.'' I took for granted thut
the c uvontion of Kuusas would act in nc«
Cjidanra with the example, founded, ns it ia,
on correct principles; and hence tu y
instructions to Governor iFalkor, iu favor
of submitting the constitution to the people,
were expressed in gcncnl and unqualified
terms.
In the Knasaa Nebraska act, however,
lids requirement, os applicable to the wholo
0 m-titutiuu, had uot been in,tried, that the
onnvcfltlon were not bound by its Morins to
submit any othor portion uf ilia instrument
to an election, except thut which relates to
trn 'domestic institution' of s avory. This
will be r.'it-’ored clear by a simp*; reference
lo iu language. It was 'not t. iogi-lafo
slavery into auy Territory or State, nor to
txcludo it thorefrom, but to Ic.ivo tbe people
ihe.vjf perfectly free to form and regulate
tlioir douiestio institutions in their own way.’
According to the plain conduction of the
ronteno', the words 'domostlc institutions*
have a direct us they have au appropri tie
reference to slavery. 'Domestic in-titmious,'
are limited to tho family. The relatiuu In.*
tween uustor a' d slave a d a tew otheis
are ‘donnatie institutions,, and are entirely
disii.icl from institutions of a political cha:-
act r. Bosidas, there wa) no question then
1 e.'ore Co. gross, nor indeed has there siuce
been any sorious quo:tion before the people
of Kansas nr tue country, except that wb eh
relates to the "domestic institution” if sla-
vo.-v.
_ Tim Convention, nfier an nngry and ex:
cited debate, finally determined, by a
majority o. inly two, to e.:bm.: the que;t
tion of slavery to the pouplo, thoug i, ul
the )Oit, forty tiirie of the fifty delcgitr.s
n .
r sen'. tifS.ved their signatures to the C.u-
stituiior.
A n.-gi' m.ijnrdy if the cinvention were
m favor of cstuklishing slavery in Kansas.
Tuny accordingly iusorUd uu anit-le in tho
cur.ttiiutiou fer tk's purpess sim'.lur in !orm
to tltoje which hod Lc.n tuiopud by othor
terrirerial conventiona. In the schedule,
h tar, providing for the trausitior. from a
ttriitoiiil w it State goycrnm.ut, tho queas
tion ha* t.ejn fairly ami explicitly uforrcd
l-j the j. cp'e, whetbet they will have . ocn-
Aitatjon *vv ith or without.' Jt declares that,
before tjio'eooitiliitiou nd.-pted bv the con-
ven.i.n '.-ball he sent lo Congre.-j f.rndmiss
riatt into ho Union as a -.late,' tin election
G, all b: Laid to decide this qaesMon, at
"u cn -11 tu-* wb te ma'n inhahitante of tho
Territory above the ago of 21, r.io entitled
11 vote. They are to Vnh- by ! al ,-t; and
•the ha'Iits cost it eaiJ id .--i',, shall be ous
d .r-ed '(OLS'-itutiOn with siure-ry,' and *con-
stitution with no slavery.' If there be a
majirity in lavor of the 'constitution with
slave,' then i: is to bo transmit'?!! ta Con-
pros by tie pres de t of il.o convention in
tie Ofigina form. If, on tba contrary, there
shall ha a m#j .rity in favor (,f lire •«. n,t -
>ntiu;i vtirii no slavery,’ ‘then the ar'foie
providing for slavery rhall I.- ttrieken frem
the cinstitution by ttic president -f thi3 ton-
ventios.j’ and it is expressly tlcrar- ! thut
'no slavery thill exist in the St', c of K.m.
-as, pxeept that the right ol pr per;y n
•<•'««« ntiw-in the-Tcritozy thal'.iu.ua nu;;,...
nor b-; interferred with ; and ia that > veut it
is made hi# duty ti have the constitution
thus ratified trausmitted lo the (.'..egress cf
tin U. State) for tho admission ofoi.m State
into the Union.
At this election every citiz-u vr.il havenn
opportunity of tinres-sing his oMn.un by
hu vote ‘whether Kansas shall he r.at veil
into tho Union-'With or without slavery
aod thus , this exciting question may be
peaccfoiiy settled io the very mole required
by plitf organic law. Too eloetioo wilt bo
held under le;:t : rastc outhoriiy, und if any
portion of tho inhabitants shell ref .so q
vote, a fair opportunity to do to haViu; l.o-n
preecf.teI, this will be tbeir own voluntary
*;.', and hsy alouo will he icspousihic for
tue o iiuequ'-neet.
Wh ther Kar ra: shall he a foce cr a slave
Stato, most eventual,y, under s.in: anllio -
aty, bo decided .by un olcetiuoi und the
question cau never ha more clearly or d s-
tmetly prfseuttil te the peoplo than it is tit
tho present m.nicab Should this opportus
u;ty bu rtjeeleJ, eho may bo involv..tf -:
years iu damostic discord, aud poJ-ihly in
civil war, before sue can again icueo t:,o
pilot she has already attained.
Kansas hai fur sums years OJWpied to:
much of tho nubia attention. I: ,'s nigh
tim i that thitshuull h: d reeled t-i far m"ro
important ot,joe's. When once a ImhteJ In
to the Union, who h'r with .,r without shi-
very, the oxeitomcot hrvood i'ivr can limits
w.l speedily pass avyay, and -he will then,
for t.te first turn', bo left, r.i she might t„
Itavo been l„ng id..re, to maooge her. vvn
nffitr: in iter own way. if bore n.stituti n
on the subject of slarery, o: on any otlrer
subject he displeasing to it mrj.r.tjr of tiio
pojplo, no human power cun proven th ,n
fr«.tn chaaglcg it within a brief ported -
Under these oiroumj'.eticcs, it may well he
que.sii'ne.l whither tho peace mil quiet f
the wnolo country ure cot of greater itn,
portance than the mere t-uiporitry triumph
of either of the political parties in Kan-
cbarnler, require that w* sbuuIJ adopt tueh j doctrine of popular s.rereignty, whioh iz
a* wdl be cffectoal in restraining the vital nrincin .1 .,f n„r fr-n tn-,;.,,ti/.„.
I*m to keep on band gold isc
r-1- to fifty; if ttey will require that th* 1 following language:
Cfftlfo^rcnU-bi U j f «dto *h*fl « *ff top ou’bani at Jm} Pf rj‘w fttwe^Vyt* j|^ ‘ngageV^^
y&t -be UUuUot Boston, Bo : exoiaitin oftwelv#year, from the date
Apotita. If this proptfdjis was no more I onp <1, hu- of gold and stiver for erwy thra; I ni»# aeJ r-raffcot
tba* snffiaKut to Mqwfc ti* eantrowriioi/ity | dofiara of theft eircalstioo and depecitx*; tod j *»*®, Utila, Barbaretu, Hek* andilor*- j ^ tieat^amleably oraicer^
.* President
■ ' the treaty
'iat State
"Mure of; *ry f
qro ul my I -
eir eitizena from committing aueh out
tutor
I regrtr. lo Inform yon fit'
of IVupuay has refused to t
between the United Stair-
as amerded by Ihe Renat*
which Wa* n,rationed in tu
predeceraor m Unagrese at ,n.- opening of
tu srasion in December 1B.'<4 ffie renons
assigned for this refusal will sppirer in the
cerrespoodence betewjth submitted.
It being desirable to ejeertsin tb* fitnrai
of tho river La Plata end It* tributaries for
navigation l<y ateam, tbe United Elates (lea
rner Wa«*r Witch wa* sent thither lor that
purpo#* )D 1153. Th* tnterpriae was (ue-
the vital princip.l of our free institution*,—
Had it tlicu h *u intimated from any quart
er that it wouM be u infficiem cotnpltaticr
wi'h th* rer|ui<itUraa of tbe orgauie jaw (or
tbe number* of a convention, tln-reufter to
io withhold tires question of r!av-
e people, and to •nbatitnle their
thut of a legally ueertiined
maj,..;:y >r uli their conitltuentr, thia Would
bare bc-n itwtautly rejected. Jvvirywherr
they remained truo to the reiolition adopt
ed on a eolebratnl cccaiioa recognizing ‘the
right of the people or nil the lerritoriof,In
cluding Kansu* uud Nebraska, noting
through tlw legally *ud fairly t xprezatd Wilt
of a majority of acltul rosidemi, and wbe»<
ever the number of tbeir inhabitants jutli-
.Should the constitution without slavery
*‘°i lc d I’J tiio vote of the mijority, tht
nghfo ot property in slaves cow in tho Ter- j
ntory are rcserred. The number ol three is
verv smal|; but if it wire greater tbo pro-
vl.ion would be equally Jest and reasons!;! .
Ifieae slave* were brought into th* Territo
ry under tbe ojnatitntion of the L't States,
and are now the property of tlm.r mv-t-re.
This, point has at length been finally d elded
by tbe bigheet judicial tribunal ol th coun
try—and thia upon the plain nriuoipfo that
when a confederacy of sovereign States nc-
quire • *>evr territory at Vieirf.lnt expen.e,
b tlb equality acd justice demand that the
mitten: of one end ail of them shall have
tho right to take Into It whatsoever is re-
cognised as proper!/ by tho common con-
sti.urion. To haro summarily confiscated
the property in zlavc* already in the Terri
tory, would have been an act of grot* infos-
lice, and coDtrarv lo the practice of the old
er Stales of th* Union which bare *bjliaai-d -
slavery.
A t.rritorinl gurernment was citablizhcd T
. of Congrew approved i (
bo Jtb Sept. 1850, *ttd th# eonstiioiion anti
•awi m^tte United Slates were thereby ex
tended ovor It *so far al tbe same, nr an<
provWinz (hereof, may bcapplieahl*.' '|
net provided for tb* appointmsat by
Preeident, by and with the advlc* *
zocl of the Knatc, of * governor,
to be ct offioto snpe. Inlendent of Ii
»secretary, three ' ‘
prom* coart, * marshal,
1
and ,