Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

A “ERROR CEASES TO BE DANGEROUS WHEN REASON IS LEFT FREE TO COMBAT IT ."-Jefferson. VOLUME XVIII. ATLANTA, GA., WEDNESDAY, JULY 11,1866. NUMBER 27. ATLANTA, GEORGIA, Wednesday, July I I, 1866. Monument to Governor Jared Irwin, From the “Editorial Corresi>ondcnce” of the Augusta Chronicle d- Sentinel, of Sunday niorn- ing last, we extract the following interesting no tice of the monument erected by the State of Georgia to the memory of one of her gallant sons of 1776, who, after the achievement of American Independence attained the highest honors the State could bestow. The letter is dated at San ders ville, (Washington county) the 28th ultimo. The reproduction in thin paper of the extract to day, the Fourth ok July, we, (the Editor) deem appropriate, on account of the memories of the glorious past, and in consideration of the fact that the lineal descendant, a grand son of the illustrious statesman and hero over whose remains the monument stands, bearing his own name, is the Fropuiktor and Publisher of this journal: monument to governor IRWIN. A few years since the Legislature made a hand some appropriation for the purpose ot erecting a monument to the memory of Governor Jared Irwin, who, in the State’s infancy, had served her with distinguished zeal aud ability, both in the field and in the council. The Governor of the Stale was directed to have the work done, and in furtherance of the object, appointed a committee of gentlemen in this county (the last residence of Governor Irwin) to superintend the work. The monument stands upon the west side of the pub lic square, is of Georgia marble, and is altogether a creditable structure. The inscriptions upon it are from the pen of the Governor of the State, who was charged with the erection of the mon ument. We give it in full, as it appears on four sides of the main body of the shall, that the peo ple of the State mny be instructed in the art of good writing: SOUTH FACE. ERECTED By the Stab; of Georgia To the Memory of GOVERNOR JAltED IRWIN, who died At his residence, Union Hill, Washington county, on the first day of March, 1818, in the 68th year of his age. WEST FACE. In his private relations GOVERNOR IRWIN was beloved by all who knew him. The spot less purity of his character, his benign and afla- ble disposition, his wide-spread benevolence and hospitality, made him the object of general af fection. To the poor and distressed be was a lienefaetor and u friend. In every position of public life—as a soldier, statesman and patriot—the public good was the object and end of his ambition; and bis death was lamented as a national calamity. But Ills memory will ever be embalmed in the hearts ol his countrymen; and the historian will award him a brilliant page in the records of his coun try. Peace to his ashes! Honor to his name. NORTH FACE. GENERAL IRWIN was one of the conveikion which met at Augusta in 1788, and ratified the Constitution of the Uni ted Suites. He was a member 6f the convention in 1789, which reformed the Constitution of the State of Georgia. In 1798 he was President of the convention which revised the Constitution of the State of Georgia, lie rendered distinguished services to his country as commissioner, in con cluding several treaties with the Indians. At the close of the war of Independence, lie was a member of our first Legislature under our present form of government—a position which he occupied for several years. He was elected President of the Senate frequently, at various periods from 1770 to the time of his death. He was Governor of Georgia from January 17th, 1796, to the lltli of January, 1798, aud again from 23d of September, 1806, to the 7th ot November, 1809. His administration was dis tinguished for liis justice and impartiality ; and liis was the honor, after several years’ labor in that behalf, of signing the act rescinding the Yazoo Law. EAST FACE. A TRUE PATRIOT. He entered the service of his country as Cap- Uiiu, and soon rose to the rank of Colonel, during the revolutionary war. As a soldier he was brave and gallant He distinguished himself at the sieges of Savannah aud Augusta ; and in the bat tles of Camden, Briar Creek, Black Swamp and several other engagements, lie was at all times foremost, leading his gallant band to victory. And not with his sword and in liis person only did he do service for liis country. From his private means he erected a fortress in Burke couuty, for the protection ol the people of the surrounding districts. liis pure devotion to the cause of liberty, mark ed liitu in the eyes of his enemy, and on more thau one occasion, was he plundered of liis prop erty and his premises reduced to ashes. At the close of the war of the revolution, with the rank of General, he was actively engaged in the ser vice of the State, in repelling the attacks and in vasions ot the Indians; and here again was liis liberality called into activity. He, at his own expense, built a fort at the White Blufi for the security and protection of the frontier inhabitants against the savage attacks of the merciless foes. Atlanta Abroad. Some strange stories are told of Atlan ta abroad, especially in the “Great West.”— Its business, climate, and transpiring incidents, make wonderful paragraphs. The other day we saw an account of a strange disease, or plague, which was destroying all the young chickens and ducks in this city and its vicinity. Aud to-day, in tlie Milwaukee Sentinel, we notice the follow ing : “Tlie thermometer is said to have readied the extraordinary range of 120 degrees at Atlanta on Tuesday. One or two cases ot sun-stroke oc curred."' We have uot left the city a day since last spring, which we certainly would have done had the thermometer ranged at ,120. Ninety-eight, Fahrenheit, is as high as we ever knew the ther mometer to range in Atlanta. But again—here is another paragraph from the same paper: “ The English counterfeiter of greenbacks re cently arrested at Atlanta has been sentenced to fifteen years imprisonment. On hearing the sen tence lie attempted to commit suicide by knock ing bis head against the railing, but was secured.” Most wonderful! Can it be that we live in Atlanta, and know so little of what occurs here ? That the “ chicken plague,” the wonderful beat, tlie English counterfeiter, and “ more, much more" to be yet unfolded, escape our observation ? We must be up and doing, and our local tuust l»c urged to redouble his energies, else the public will have to look for news from Atlanta to the Milwaukee and other Western papers ! Among the advertisements in a late London daily, appeared the following:—“ two sisters want washing." A robrer’s cave has been discovered in Corn wall, New York, fitted up with beds, cooking utensils, Ac. There are five negro Masonic lodges in Ohio. Kpfrlt of tbe New York Prem, The New York Aetc*, of Saturday, has for its leader an elaborate article on the Constitution of the German Confederation. Among its other more important articles is one treating of the pro- posed export duty on cotton as really a protec tive duty in favor of New England manufactur ers. Another on the “Exiles of the Late War,” urges the sound policy of tlie President’s granting ' a general amnesty and recalling from abroad all ; our exiles, Breckinridge, Price, Maury, Early and others, as a graceful act ami one promotive of his reconstruction policy. In its article on the Constitutional amendment, in reply to tlie allegation of the Philadelphia Press that the interference of the forty Congress men with Tennessee has so exasperated the Pres ident that lie will leave no stone unturned to pre vent a quorum of the Legislature of that State from meeting, the Xews says that the agony of the Press and its correspondent are purely gratu itous as the Southern States need no Executive pressure to induce them to reject the amendment, and the same may be said of many of the Nor thern States. In noticing Mr. Brown’s resolution instructing the Judiciary Committee of the Senate to inquire into the expediency of a thorough reorganization of the Post Office, Treasury and Interior Depait- rnents as a step in the right direction, the News refers to the evil effects of bestowing office as a reward for political services, and the periodic re moval of incumbents just as they have acquired the experience necessary to the prompt and in telligent discharge of their duties. The I'imes of Saturday has an article rather commendatory of Mr. Morrill’s argument in favor of the proposed new Tariff, looking, however, upon the measure as a choice of evils. In discussing the “ attitude of the Emperor ot the French," the Times regards his late remark able letter as almost equal to a declaration of war, as avowing entire sympathy with Prussia and Italy, having not a word of friendship for Austria, and leaving no doubt of his purpose to acquire territory. The Time-i before us lias two long communica tions from this State, one from Savannah, treat ing ot the feeling among the people and of the Freedinen’s Bureau—tlie other from Milledge- ville, having for its subjects the Supreme Court, the Slav Law, and Southern views of reconstruc tion. The latter writer says of Mr. Stephens, then in Milledgeville, that he continues to preach Faith, Hope aud Charity, and that he lias an abiding belief that the Fall elections at the North will materially brighten the political skies at the South. The Albion of Saturday has an article very complimentary to tlie views of the “Secretary of tlie United States Treasury on Reciprocity,” re marking that it is refreshing in these times of strong prejudices and high tariffs to find a sensi ble, impartial and dispassionate report upon a purely commercial subject. From the report it appears that the United States trade with British America is only second to that of Great Britain proper, and that the combined trade of both amounts to more than one halt the entire foreign trade of the United States. Discussing “Napoleon III. on Attentive Neu trality,” the Albion argues that this “attentive neutrality” of the arch-diplomatist of France, more than anything else, should cause all Europe to tear the ultimate consequences ot the German war. A startling fact is presented in a call for a re ligious meeting to consider the case of the breth ren of Brooklyn. The preamble to the call states that in a population consisting of three hundred thousand individuals, only about fifty thousand come regularly under the preaching of the Gospel. Two cases of whipping have occupied consid erable space in the columns of the New York press within the past week. One is that of the Rev. Mr. Lindslay, who whipped to death with a shingle his infant of less than three years of age, because the child would not say its prayers ! The other is a young lady of sixteen, a pupil in the’Allston Grammar School, of Cambridge, Mas sachusetts, who, for a somewhat impudent an swer when reprimanded for whispering, was or dered into a recitation room, where twenty blows with a strap were administered by the lady as sistant, while another held her hand over her mouth to stop her screams. During the punish ment the master came in and assisted in holding her, and a piano was played to drown tlie noise. We may have the charity to believe that such cases are not very common in New York and Massachusetts. The Tariff occupies much of the attention of the press. According to tb'* Express, the duty on salt is now about 160 per cent., and it is pro posed to raise it to 270 per cent. “ I know it is wrong to raise the duty on salt,” said a member of Congress, “ but as I ask from certain gentle men, who support the higher salt duty, tlieir votes for the protection of manufactures in Mas sachusetts, I must vote for their protection. The Washington correspondent of the News states that it is understood that an address to the people of the United States has been agreed upon bv tlie Democratic and Conservative members of Congress, and is now being signed. It fully endorses the proposed National Convention, to be held at Philadelphia on the 14th of August, and urges participation in.its proceedings. It is headed with tlie name of Senator Guthrie. The Fetes, in its financial article referring to the cold excitement of the previous week, says that there is perhaps no spectacle in the city of New York more surprising and confounding to strangers, and especially business men. than that presented by the various exchanges. M hen there is an excitement the perfect Babel ot noise aud contusion in the midst ot which the business is transacted, and the rampant fury of the deal ers, astonish the uninitiated observer, and he Tbe Destitute of Georgia. The Chattauooga American Union, of Wed nesday morning last, says: “The Acting SulxAssistant Commissioner of the Freed men’s Bcrean reports to the Assistant Commissioner of the State of Georgia, concern ing the arrangements recently made by the Bu reau to relieve the necessity of the destitute, that there are in what ts called the “Long District,” near Marietta, three hundred and fifty-seven poor ;>cople. There are ten districts in Cobb county. The number estimated for Cobb county is three thousand. The Mayor sent in a list of about three hundred for the Marietta district, but since it lias become generally known that rations will be distributed, the wildest excitement prevails, and the officer having charge of tlie issue is vis ited from five o’clock in the" morning until dark and principally by w omen. In four days he had recorded tlie names ot over five hundred women and children.” We had scarcely banded the foregoing para graph to one of our compositors, when much to our gratification, Gen. W. T. Wofford, the rep resentative elect from this Congressional District’ —the district which the two armies, Confederate and Federal, alternately held possession of the last year of the war, and which was desolated thereby—entered our sanctum. From this gen tleman—who has labored most zealously in Wash ington City to induce the Government to send relief to the destitute poor ot the Cherokee coun ties, and who, sometime since, had succeeded in obtaining an order from the Freedmen’s Bureau in Washington, to General Tilson, in Augusta, to forward supplies to them—we learn, that, on his reaching home, finding no supplies had been for warded, and that, literally, in many counties of liis district, starvation was doing its w T ork, he took the train to Augusta, General Tilson’s head quarters, and, in a personal interview with the latter, succeeded in obtaining the object of liis mission, to-wit: tlie immediate forwarding of the much needed supplies, General Wofford consent ing, in connection with an officer of the Bureau, to give his personal attention to their prompt distribution. In a clay or two, therefore, relief will be extended to the poor and famishing peo ple of the General’s district, who are nearest the railroad, and as early as possible to those more distant. In this matter, General Wofford has endeared himself to the suffering people whom he has so well served. But for his energy and per severance, the supplies that will soon be distrib- ted amoDg them, would not have been applied for, nor would they have been forthcoming. In the benovolence and patriotism of his character, and at much self-sacrifice, he has done his people most noble service. We learn from General Wofford, that while in Washington City, he was largely indebted for the success of his mission to two gentlemen—the Hon. S. E. Ancona, and Hon. W. D. Kelley— members of Congress from the State of Pennsyl vania ; the former, a Democrat, and the latter, a Republican, as our readers well know. These gentlemen, as opposite in politics as South and North, manifested a noble zeal in allevia ting suffering humanity, and showed, by their acts, that they deeply sympathized with the suffering poor of our State. It was mainly to the influence of these two gentle men, though others kindly lent their aid, that the General succeeded at Washington. In the name of the people of this congressional district, we thank the two Pennsylvania Congressmen.— Would that they could unite iff the great work'oi reconstruction, as they did in getting relief for a famishing people! General Wofford leaves our city this morning, en route to the relief of his people. Tlie National Union Convention. Our Washington City correspondent “Inside,” gives in his letter which we publish this morn ing, some interesting information in regard to the proposed “National Union Convention.”— Indeed, the whole letter embraces interesting general information, while a portion of it is of special interest to the Georgia reader. We com mend its perusal to our readers. With regard to the South’s representation in the proposed National Union Convention, we do not know that we could lay before our readers, a more forcible argument on the affirmative side of the question, than by simply transtering to our columns the following article which we clip from the columns of our able, esteemed, and frank cotemporary, the Augusta Constitutionalist, which, only a few days ago, was disposed to neg ative the proposition of the South being repre sented in it, but which is now convinced by the New York Tribune, “is the thing” for the South. Tlie attention of our readers is earnestly invi ted to a perusal of the article referred to: From the Augusta Constitutionalist. TIIE NATIONAL UNION CONVENTION. If any proof were wanting that the proposed National Convention offered to the South a pro spect of restoration to its rights in the Union, that proof is furnished by the following violent attack upon the movement, which appears as a double-leaded advertisement in the New York 1 ribune of Wednesday. As the Tribune hates anj reviles it, the Convention is the tiling for us. The 1 ribune heads its article “The new Johnson party,” and says: The call of a National Convention by Messrs. Randall aud Doolittle of Wisconsin, Browning of Illinois, aud Cowan ot Pennsylvania, with the endorsement of Senators Dixon ot Connecticut, Hendricks of Indiana, Norton of Minnesota, and Nesmith of Oregon, cannot be understood other wise than as a formal proclamation of with drawal bv the Johusonites trom the National Union party. Mi. Hendricks, and perhaps we should add Mr. Nesmith, cannot withdraw from a party to which they never professed to belong; but tlie others have all been honored and trusted as members of the great part}’ which they now openly abandon and conspire to overthrow. We thank them for their frankness, and hope to find them more manly as antagonists than they have been faithful as compatriots. No one can possibly be duped by their call.— Its terms are explicit*and emphatic. Ex-Gover- nor Andrews, of Massachusetts, is disqualified bv his convictions for a seat in the contemplated Convention; not so ex-Governors Smith and Letcher, of Virginia. Generals Butler and How- wonders how men can understand what is done j a rd cannot pronounce the Randall Shibboleth ; in such a bedlam. But, says the News, contracts ~ T '* T ~“~ 1Q ~- to the extent of many millions will he made in the course ot a few minutes, and it is very sel dom, comparatively, that any mistake or misun derstanding occurs. The Express states that the Senate, in execu tive session, rejected all the nominations recently made by the President in the State of Tennes see, tor collectors and assessors of internal reve nue, and assigned no reason lor tlie action. Of course, says tbe Express, this means war to the knife, and adds that all of these men were Un ion men. Maury, the celebrated American navigator, is now in Paris for the purpose of selling his tor pedo to the French Government. Mr. Fillmore was to leave Liverpool on the 30th ult. General McClellan is in Germany. The Reverend Chaplain Livermore is the spec ulating agent of the Freedmeu's Bureau in Gre nada, Mississippi. He declares he has made ten thousand dollars. He charged fees ranging from a quarter of a dollar upward. He made arrests, aud acquitted or convicted according to the pay. Generals Lee and Fitz-John Porter can do it easily. Governors Oglesby, of Illinois, and Stone, of Iowa, cannot have seats in their Sanhedrim ; hut Wells, of Louisiana, and, Throckmorton, of Texas—the latter doubtless elected over the vote of every hearty Unionist in the State—will be present" in spirit, and may be in person. General Geary, the chosen leader of the Unionists of Pennsylvania, cannot pass their door-keepers; but Heister Clymer, liis opponent, who never once even pretended to wish the rebels defeated and their Confederacy suppressed, will see those doors fly open to welcome his approach. This call simply proclaims the adhesion of the Johnson- ites proper to the party made up of the rebels and pro-rebels, which aims to seize the Govern ment and control the destinies of our eouDtry.— Messrs. Randall & Company will furnish the new combination with a liberal proportion of its managers and officers; but ninety-nine hun- dreths of its votes must be supplied by those who voted last for President, either for Jefferson Davis or George B. McClellan. It may be that they will vote next for Andrew Johnson ; but we do not believe it—nor do they. It were idle to note that the rights of the blacks —nay, the very facts that they"claim and have any fights—are utterly ignored in this call. The Randall call affirms that this Randall Convention as fully entitled to work their wicked will on the large majority, whereof the whites have vot^4 for peace aud; the Union wherever they durst, while the blacks an? utter ly' ignored and suppressed. If the disfranchised' majority of devoted Unionists in several Steles were to send delegates to the Johnson Union Convention they would, he simply kicked out; or rather, would be kicked at the door fojf presum ing to offer to go in. Right well do Messrs. Ran dall ifr Co.,TinaerstaDd this; they ferronly in im agining that the people will not understand it. "Messrs. Randall & Co. tell us that they affirm and uphold “ The right of each State to order and control its own domestic concerns according to its own judgment exclusively, subject only to the Constitution;!’ affd that any “ overthrow^ of that system ” would be “ destructive of liberty.” They also assert, with regard to suffrage, that “No extended power rightfully can or ought to dictate, control or influence the free and volun tary action ot the State in-the exercise of this right.” So far, they are in perfect accord with Valan- digliam, Yoorhees, Jaick Rogers, Clymer, Ben Harris & Co., and we elearly comprehend them. Not so, when they tarn ashort corner, and as sert tiiat “Slavery is abolished, and neither can or ought to be re-established in any State or Ter ritory within our jurisdiction.”' Why not ? You kno%, Messieurs, that the rebel States—that, is to say,*their whites, to whom you restrict political power—never did- freely and heartity consent to abolish slavery—that their action in the premises ^was dictated, controlled, commanded by “external pcvwer”—and is, of course, according to your proclaimed principles, rightfully invalid and! null. The anti-slavery amendment is no part of the Federal Constitu tion, if your principled are soimd, but an excre- sence—an imposition-^a product of usurpation preying on helplessness You know this as well as we do; and you w ill yet be voting to pay the rebe s for their slaves in order to cure what, ac cording to your programme, is a fatal flaw in the title of the emancipated to their freedom. Let it be distinctly understood on all hands that this Jolinson-Randall convention is a blow aimed with deadly intent at the integrity and ascendancy ot the Union party. It means de feat this fall to Governor Fenton, to General Geary, and to the Union tickets in Ohio, Indiana and to their sister States. It means the restora tion of the Jerry Blacks and Howell Cobbs to the mastery of our country. As such it demands the sternest, most energetic resistance. The “ So-Called ” White Race. Senator Sumner will soon, if he does not already, doubt his own identity. In one of the bills which he recently introduced into the Uni ted States Senate, he evldenly doubts the exist ence of the white race. We quote a section of the hiil: I .7 Section 5. That any .-citizen who has been a slave, or is the descendant of a slave, or who does not belong to the so-called white race, that may hereafter be unlawfully deprived of his vote by any person, may maintain liis suit, or suits, and recover damages ot any such person, in any district court of the United States for the district in which such person may be found. Is the man "daft?" Does he dispute the ex istence of races among men? Is he, himself, only “ called," and not a white man, or of the white race ? Yerily, either “ too much learning has made him mad,” or liis brain has become addled from some other cause., Probably “ Bill Arp’s” letters have had something to do with his use of the term “ so-called." If so, “ Mr. Arp ” must be held responsible for the doubts of the Massachusetts Senator. *• Each Stitfe has the undoubted right to pre- scribe the qualifications of its own" electors; ” s stated that nobodv knew anvthing of the j ^ honestly the prior ■’■of Jeff Davis except Stanton, who sent vital question— Tt ho constitute the State?— 1 Me know, indeed, precisely wliat it meant—that the intensely rebel minority of the people of South Carolina, for instance, shall monopolize all power in that State, and that the invincibly It is ironing of Jeff. Davis except Baker down expressly to order the manacling done. Miss Dora Shayv. a well knowp theatrical and ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ poetical lady, was married in New Orleans re- : loyalmajority shallhave~no "power YtTaiT "but cently. ! this barb is concealed by the bait, and the rebel A rattlesnake, ten feet in length, was found ( minority of the people of Texas, who have just in a gutter at New Orleans. A policeman killed 1 consolidated their power by the election of the insect | Throckmorton & Co., are to be recognized b The Seat ol W»r. Pen and Ink Map of the Position of Prussia for Defense and Attack—Importance of her Hold in Bohemia—The Railroad Linen—The Prussian Army and its Stations, ' ifcc. [Special Military Correspondence of London Times.] Juterbogk, June 9,1866. M'hoever casts a glance upon the map of Cen tral Europe must at once observe tbe range of mountains, which, starting from the Black For est, passes through Germany from west to east, separates tire basin of tbe Danube from the plaiu through a\ liich the M’eser, the Elbe, and the Oder glide to the German and Baltic seas, and termi nates in the chain of the Carpathian Hills. This range about midway divides into two branches near the source of "the. Saale, which again join together near the source of the M’eser, and en close in the so-formed quadrilateral the kingdom of Bohemia. On the north of these mountains i purpose of concentration is evident from the fact that there is no lateral railway communication between- Prussian Saxony and Silesia. M ere the Prussian, force on the Saxon frontier attack ed, the army in Silesia must come round by Ber lin to aid it, and to give time for this movement a retreat by the former would be also absolutely necessary. THF, PRUSSIANS IN SAXONY. Tbe Prussians in Prussian Saxony are spread in a wide front, from the neighborhood of Gotha to the Elbe; lliis portion of the army is under the command of Prince Frederic Charles. The army in Silesia is under the command of the Crown Prince. It is reported to be concentrating in the neighborhood of Frevburg, and there are not wanting people to assert that an invasion of Bo hemia is determined upon, aud that the Crown Prince is destined to break tlie communication of General Benedek at Prague with Vienna by seizing the direct line ol railway at, Pardubitz. lie the kingdoms of Saxony and Prussia; on the It must be remembered, however, that tlie fort J OOMMUNCATEU.l ■, - - in. , There 'many who^1 while they respected the purity* of his motives) 1 conscientiously con demned the policy of Mr. Davis. But their en mity vanished at the threshold of his prison. There are those, however, whose course during the existence of hostilities had a tendency to clog the actions of the Confederate Executive, by their persistent opposition to his administration, who have hitherto had the good sense to smother the ire that smouldered within them. Tlie genuine sympathy for his unmerited misfortunes which swelled the heart of every true man of the South, was too sacred and patent an element to be wan tonly assailed in the person of her honored and worthy representative. M T ould that this respect for public sentiment, in behalf of martyred inno cence, had been permitted to live and be cherish ed forever free from outrage. But alas! a pre dominant passion cannot easily be eradicated. It may be quenched for a time, but. like steam compressed in weak vessels, it must find an exit somewhere, or explode the feeble bands which encompass it. Such an explosion occurred in this city on the 27tli ultimo. Mr. Davis was, of course, on hand. His many friends will be delighted to learn that he has not suffered from the catastrophe. Surgeon Craven, U. S. A.—the Medical Adviser of the great State Prisoner—has given to the world a thrilling expose of the “Prison Life of Jefler- son Davis” while under the pressure of Stantonic tortures. As to whether or not the simple publi cation of tlie book can be looked upon, at this time as evidence sufficient to establish the valid ity of its statements, it is not proposed just now to express an opinion. In any event it is prema ture, to say the least of it, to assume that his il lustrious patient “lias taken occasion to assail through Dr. Craven the character of” anybody. Occasion has been taken, however, to assail the character of the “utterly helpless” prisoner, who now honors a casemate of Monroe. Fortunately, that prisoner is about as pervious to tlie shame less missiles as would have been a Gulliver to the pigmy prickings ot a single Lilliputian. Referring to General Jordan’s contemptible attack on the incarcerated President, that worthy is rebuked as follows: “But one Southern man, and he an inconsiderable personage, bad the heart to assail Mr. Davis’ official career at a time when he was wholly unable to make any de fense ;” yet in the same breath, and under pre cisely similar circumstances tbe conduct of Mr. Davis is assailed—thus adding one other “incon siderable personage” to the list of those who “have tbe heart” to pursue a course which inevita bly tends “to humiliate and degrade him. and through him tbe Southern people. Strange par adox ! With his “past official record” the martyr is no doubt well satisfied, and is free from any desire or reason to be “purged” thereof. That record is enough to render him immortal, notwithstand ing it has been stated that bis “name would have by this time seldom been heard or seen in the newspapers, outside of his immediate neighbor hood in 3Iississippi.” The name of Jefferson Davis will be respected, honored and cherished in history when a certain daily shall have been lost in the depths of a merited oblivion. And should he ever “utter sentiments which are cal culated to carry the mind back to the days of dire disaster,” let those look out whom the cap will best fiL May the time be near at hand when the clank of the chains he now bears for us all will be heard no more ! Then will he rise in all liis mighty strength and sublimity to burl confusion amid the ranks of his aggressors. In the mea time, this Dr. Craven’s book will go the rounds ot the South, giving here and there some “incon siderable personage” a chance to snap at the heels of him “whose personal dignity, political scholarship, classical expression, pure morals, well poised manners,” and above all his present “utterly helpless condition,” should excite suffi cient depth of sympathy and ennobling pride to disarm the voice of enmity. Had all men at the South been as true and faithful as he, despite his “many radical defects of character,” (?) the cause which he so much loved, and for which he now suffers, would to-day eclipse the splendors of a meridian sun. south the territories ruled by the Emperor of Austria. Bohemia, although a dependency of. the Austrian empire, is geographically separated : from the valley of the'Danube, in which lie the majority of the provinces of the Kaiser, by the. hills of the Bohemian forest aud the mountains of Moravia. The advanced post of Austria to ward the north, it stands as a strong bastion against an invasion of the empire from that di rection* and is also a most valuable base of ope rations from which to hurl troops against the val leys of the Elbe or the .Oder. It was this posi tion of Bohemia which caused the destruction of Napoleon in 1813, when Prussia and Russia held the Elbe, and Austria, trom Bohemia, menaced his right flank. It he quitted his central posi tion at Dresden to march on the Elbe, the Aus trians issued from Bohemia aud cut off liis com munication with the Rhine; if he advanced against Bohemia, as soon as he passed the north ern mountains of that province the allies de bouched from the line of the Elbe and separated him from France. It was a consequence of the natural configuration of Bohemia that, after hav ing prevented the junction of the enemies by the victory of Dresden, the great Napoleon was sur rounded at Leipsic. Bohemia seems again about to play an impor tant part in a European war. Austrian troops are already collected there, and no one can sup pose that the object of their concentration in that province is immediately pacific. Beyond the Erz-Gebirge or Mineral Mountains, and the Ris- sen-Gebirge, or Giant Hills, which form the Bo hemian frontier on the north, lies in the first place the kingdom of Saxony, but beyond this again are the southern provinces of Prussia, in which the whole Prussian army available for service in tlie field is now cantoned. In the event of war, Saxony appears likely to he the first battle-field, unless, indeed, she can manage to maintain a neutrality, which at present she ap pears not to desire. But in a life and death strug gle between the two great German powers, it is impossible that the theatre of war can be re stricted to one tiny kingdom. It is much more probable that it will extend nearly throughout the district which is bounded on the north and south by the sea and the Danube, on the east and west by tiie Vistula and the Weser. This is a district not unacquainted with war. After tlie last attempt to overthrow an estab lished monarchy in England, it was the scene of that seven years’ strife, through whose baptism of blood Prussia advanced into the hierarchy of tlie great powers of Europe. It was repeatedly trodden under foot by the conquering legions of the first Emperor of the French, and it was in its very centre that the battle was fought which led to the first overthrow of his power. Its wide extent is inhabited by two distinct races, and is the seat of two antagonistic creeds. The Teu tonic race occupies the North, and its religion is Protestant; the Slavonic blood predominates in the South, owns the Catholic faith, and politi cally is under the sway of the Kaiser. The basin of the Elbe is the central geograph ical division of Germany. This basin is divided into two; that of the "upper Elbe forms a pla teau surrounded by mountains, and is the king dom of Bohemia; that of the lower contains Saxony and tbe central provinces of Prussia.— The upper basin is in general ill cultivated, and has few internal resources. It possesses, how ever, immense forests, considerable iron mines, and breeds horses which are valuable in war. Its roads are few, mountainous and bad; but it is a country easily defensible, tor its forests, moun tains and rivers present at every point obstacles to an invading army. The lower basin of this river is, on the other hand, a country of plaiu marshes and small lakes; not very fertile, but well cultivated, thickly populated, and opened up by a multitude of roads. The Elbe, entering it from a close defile between the mountains of Northern Bohemia, runs through its whole length, passing by the fortress of Konigsteiu, Dresden, the capital of Saxony, and the fortified town of M’irtenberg. This river within Prus sian territory, supported by tlie fortresses of Torgau and Magdeburg, forms a strong line of defense against an army advancing on Dresden, from the M r est, but one which can easily be turned from Bohemia. Tlie basin of the Oder, bounded on tlie South by the mountains which overhang Braunau, Glatz and Troppau, contains near the sources of the river the province ot Prussian Silesia. The river itself forms an angle near Breslau, which allows of its being used as a line ot defense for tbe Eastern district of the kingdom of Prussia, against an attack trom either the South or the West. This line is supported by the fortresses of Glogau, Kustrin and Stettin. The country through which tlie Oder flows is in general flat, marshy and wooded ; the land is fertile only in pasture, but it is well cultivated, and inhabited by ail active and industrious population. The basin of tbe Weser, in which lies the wes tern portion of the kingdom of Hanover, is bounded on tlie south by the mountains of the Tliuriugian Forest and the Hartz, and is in gen eral sandy and covered with thickets; its princi pal riches are flocks and herds. The Danube, the southernmost of the tour rivers which appear likely to be introduced into the theatre of a Avar in Central German}', runs through a plain which lies on tlie southern side of the Bohemian and Moravian mountains. It does not appear proba ble that a war which arose on the Elbe ivould penetrate into this region, unless the enemy of Austria ivas so poiverful as to be able to crush her armies, aud actually invade her capital; but it is from Vienna, situated in tbe valley formed by this stream, that her troops must be supplied, aud that in former campaigns her generals have been usually directed. THE RAILROADS. There can be no donbt that, in all future wars in civilized countries, tbe lines of railways will direct tbe routes pursued by armies either advan cing or in retreat; for, although the actual com batant troops may not be moved by rail, tbe fa cilities which the mode ot conveyance affords for the transportation of stores and war material will necessitate its adoption. Four main lines of railroad lead from Vienna to the Prussian frontier. 1. On the east, from Vienna by Leudenburg and Prerou to Oderburg, on the Silesian frontier. 2. Bv Leudenburg, Triebitz, Pardubitz, and Koniggrantz to Zitau, on the Saxon frontier. An auxiliary line connects ’Leudenburg and Triebitz. 3. From Vienna, by Passau, Regensburg and Prague, to Dresden and the valley of the Elbe. These three are connected in Bohemia and Moravia by a transverse line, which, quitting the last mentioned line, passes through Prague, Par dubitz and Prerau. 4. From Vienna, by Ratisbon, Eger, Plaufir and Leipsic. Four lines also lead from Berlin to the south ern frontier of Prussia. 1. On the west of Berlin, Magdeburg and Halle to Leipsic. 2. By Juterbogk to Reisa. These two are connected by transverse lines between Juterbogk, Wittenberg and Halle, and Juterbogk, Wittenberg and Kotlien. 3. By Hansdorf and Gorlitz. 4. By Posen and Lissa and Silesia. The last two in Silesia form a perfect network of branches; which render this province pecu liarly favorable for military movements. I In the kingdom of Saxony all these lines meet, i either directly or by means of branches, so that i this kingdom appears to be an excellent central I position for either attack or defense, and will give ■ a great advantage to that side to which it may at tach itself, or by which it may be first occupied, i Should the Austrians be admitted into or seize Saxony, the lateral lines in that country will give j such an advantage that the Prussian army on the Saxon frontier will almost inevitably be obliged ! to fall back as far as the junction of Juterbogk, ! in order to effect its concentration with the army in Sliesia, and in this case it is not improbable that the first battle of the campaign may be fought here, where the nature of the ground is admira- | bly adapted for a battle field. That a retreat of the Prussian army from the I mmediate frontier would be necessary for the resses ot Ivoniggratz aud Josephstadt stand in the way* of a Prussian army issuing through the mountains against Pardubitz; that it, as is almost more thau suspected, Saxony is inclined to side against Prussia, and admit Austrian troops into her territory, General Benedek might press Prince Fredric Charles hard, and even push him back to Berlin, before the Crown Prince could reach the line of the Austrian communication*. Nor, if the communications with Vienna by that lfue \vere broken, would the blow be fatal to the Austrian commander. He would still be able to shift his lines to the railway which runs through Linz, and might, with superior forces, urge Prince Frederic Charles to the very gates of Berlin be fore the Crown Prince could come ivith his army to the help of the Prussians. The extreme corner of Silesia beyond Oppclin is not held by tlie Prussian troops. The reason of this is, that any corps placed in that part of the province would inevitably be cut off" and sur rounded by the Austrians, were the latter to ad vance through the Riesen Gebirge ; and suen an advance, in case of Austria assuming the offen sive, is quite possible, for they would willingly press the Prussian left, roll it up on the Elbe, and thus at the same time turn the lines of the Oder and the Elbe, and cut the Prussians off from the Eastern provinces of the kingdom. If, however, Saxony were to declare for Austria, it is extremely probable that tlie vicinity ot tlie Prussian capita! would tempt the Austrian gen eral to make an advance doivn the Elbe upon that town. Should their advance he successful, there could be little chance for the Prussian army except to withdraw behind the Oder and make that river the base of its operation for a fresh campaign. It lias been reported lately in Berlin that the Prussian Government lias been in treaty Avith the Duke ot Altenburg, Avitli the object of gain ing that duchy as a base ot offensive operations, against Southern Saxony. Whether there have been any negotiations on the subject no one can tell; but it appears extremely improbable that Altenburg should be chosen as a base of opera tions Avlien a small corps issuing from Leipsic could cut off tlie communications of any troops there from Berlin. Should there have been ne gotiations on the subject of Altenburg, it is much more probable that they were instituted with tlie intention of placing there a corps d'armee to pre vent an offensive attack from Saxony against tlie Rhine provinces of Prussia, aud to keep an eye on the SouthAvestern members of the Germanic Confederation ; for the open hostility of these to the government at Berlin is fully anticipated. Altenburg has also been spoken of much for the last tAvo or three days for another reason. The cholera has made its appearance there, and, as this tOAvn is not far from the right flank of the Prussian army in the field, it is to be feared this dreadful scourge of armies will not long be ab sent from the cantonments. All precautions are being taken against it, and, if it should appear, tlie medical officers will not be found sleeping at their posts. The Prussians, even Avith the chance of cholera, are, according to all accounts, much better off than their possible adversaries. Aus trian deserters, of whom many have already come over to tlie Silesian army, declare that they have neither food, clothing, nor pay, and that ty phus fever has already laid a heavy hand upon the Kaiser’s troops. Deserters do not generally give a favorable account of tlie ranks they liaA’e quitted, and these stories may doubtless be exag gerated, but there is probably a good deal of foun dation for tlieir reports. Sickness, unfortunately, has not been absent from the Prussian lines; one thousand sick soldiers have already been sent back from the front to Berlin, and it is stated on no mean authority, that the Joss of the army by illness reduces the effective men at the present time one per cent, a day. OTHER POSITIONS. The Prussian army in the field, as I have al ready said, is cantoned on the frontier of Sax ony "and in Prussian Silesia. There are, how ever, two important detachments, or rather aux iliary corps, in other positions. One ot these is a corps of thirteen thousand men concentrated at Minden, on the southern frontier of Hanover. This body of troops is intended to watch the proceedings of Hanover, avIio lias already given symptoms of an inclination to arm, but with the intention of placing her armaments at the dis posal of Prussia. The second is the Prussian contingent force in the Elbe duchies. Until a few days ago this contingent force consisted of thirteen thousand men; but Avlien it was judged necessary that Prussia should enter Holstein, six thousand men Avere conveyed from Berlin in one night to Lunenburg. These entered Holstein on the south, Avliile General Manteuffel, with a por tion of his original contingent, marched into the duchy on the north. Tlie Austian General Ga- bleuz could but fall back under protest before this superior force. Fron> the Nashville Banner. General Forrest—Oil-hand Notions and Personal Recollections of the ‘‘Wizard of the Saddle. I. FIRST IMPRESSIONS OF FORREST. Riding down the Murfree sboro road, (a party bound upon a “rampage,” five or six in all,) Ave met a cavarly officer near the village of Laver- gne, avIio baited us without ceremony, and de manded who we were and Avliither we might be going. He wore no badge of rank. His clothing Avas coarse and soiled, consisting chiefly of a sombrero, with a rattlesnake band coilld around it, and a pair of huge boots that extended above liis knees. But his horse Avas a through- bred, and liis saddle-mountings Avere unusually rich and curious. As I remembet him now, there avhs not a gray hair in his head ; his beard was full, floAving and black ; bis features were defined Avitli precision ; an aquiline nose, a broad forehead, high cheek-bones, thin, firmly-set lips, bright gray-brown eyes, and a complexion some where between oliA’e and amber. lie looked to be six feet in bight, alid might have Aveighed tAvo hundred pounds. His voice Avas sharp, his gestures threatening, and his whole expression uncouth. “You youngsters’ll gityerselves captured,” said he; “an r besides, I’m ordered by Johnston to turn every body back. Tlie Y ankees is got into Nashville, and’ll have out pickets on every turn pike by this time. So it’s no use tryn’ it on.” M e made many promises of discretion, and after showing our permit from army head-quar ters, he interposed no further objection, and we parted company, he proceeding in the direction of Murfreesboro, and the rest of us taking across the country toward BrentAvood. There Avas something impressiA’e about the stranger, and he became the topic of conversa tion for a time as avc rode along. Only one of the party, an artillerist trom M'est Tennessee, knew him, and he entertained us with a lively, and, as future events disclosed, a very accurate account of liis character. His name, said our artillerist, is Forrest His business had been that of a speculator in lands, in negroes, horses, in cotton, and in fact ill every thing which was likely to prove lucrative. lie made liis home in Memphis and partly ou a plantation in Missis sippi ; but lie was a native of Middle Tennessee, and the son of a poor blacksmith. A peculiar good fortune had thus far kept him constant company; every thing that he touched was successful: although he seldom gamed, he never left a race-course or a card table a loser. He Avas a quiet aud peaceable man iu his habits, but a dangerous one to meddle with—a man of few words. At present he ay as in command of a squadron of cavalry, and liad just cut his way out of Donelsou, having refused to surrender Avith the rest. In addition to these particulars, our companion gaA'e us several characteristic anecdotes, and concluded as follows: “We have nobodv to match him unless it be John Morgan, anil if he lives lie will make his mark.” II. GENERAL JOE JOHNSTON S OPINION. Six months later he confirmed the prediction. Crossing the mountains from Chattauooga with a compact column, he sivept doAvn like a Hash of lightning upon the garrison at Murfreesboro, surprised and captured it, tore up a net-Avork ot railways, and retraced his route before the eneni} Avas fairly aAvakened to tbe sudden, startling and overwhelming movement. Thenceforward his career embraced a succession of achievements Avliich raised him first in the popular estimation. I suggested him to General Joe Johnston about this time as the best of our cavalry men. Gen eral Johnston doubted it. “Forrest appears,” said he, “to be a brave and energetic felloAv, who has had some advantages and made good use of them.” In 1864, however, he reversed his opin ion. Referring to the conversation, he remarked, “I tell you now that there are not many men in the world who can do what Forrest "lias just, done at Tisihmingo.” On the former occasion he had entertained a belief, shared by many others of eaual discernment, that the “coining man” in the cavalry, service was Colonel Basil Duke; but during the latter part of the struggle he did not. hesitate to .declare that Forrest had no equal in any department. FORREST IN ACTION. Iu action Forrest was a dare-devil. He re alized the necessity, Especially to tlie cavalry service, of setting a personal example, and lie • did it on ev’ery occasion, dashing about the field from point ,to point, whipping up the laggards with his’ saber, and often’leading the column upon a charge. CoArardice bn the part of the obscurest private seemed to put. him in a frenzy; and he never forgave it in an officer. At the time that he met the retreating torces, routed from Lavergne, in September, 1862, *just out ot Murfreesboro, he fairly foamed at the mouth and raved like a madman, placing himself in tlie center of the road and threatening to shoot the first Avho should pass him. He was indeed more terrible than the enemy, and thus succeed ed in re-forming the scattered line and turning it back before the panic became hopeless. There Avas never, I think, a better horseman thau he, and though he became Avan and spare by rite constant Avear and tear of four years of fighting, he preserved his lithe and graceful action to the end. Although impetuous on the field, 1 can bear tbe most positive testimony to bis discre tion and forethought. He was as cool a man at bottom as ever drew a blade, doing nothing rashly, and taking only personal risk. He sel- dom gambled with his men, if I may appropri ate the term, unless, as he expressd it, he thought he “had a dead thing,” Avhen, as in the case of Colonel Straight, he played his all upon the hazard and Avon. Yet lie was deliberate m the formation of his plans, Avitli a rare faculty of estimating chaces. His plans once formed, with, each detail marked out clearly in his mind, he lost no time in the expectation to which he brought the terible energy and enthusiasm of his Avhole soul. Naturally quiet Avhen at rest, like a locomotive, he became another creature when fired with a vehemence that was often mistaken for recklessness. As he swept along at the head ot a column, his olive cheek ruddy with the light of battle, liis eyes actually, planning with pleasurable ex- citement, bis gray locks flying back from his broad-brimmed hat, he could not fail to remind tbe student of chivalry of those knights anct warriors who bore tbe standard of Charlemagne, or gathered in grim conviviality with Arthur by the Table Round. I do not think I am making to myself a fancy sketch. Forrest was certainly a man to be picked out of a thousand in repose; but in action he was matchless. Morgan may have been a more accomplished cavalier; Sheri dan a more model dragoon ; Kilpatrick, Wharton and Stewart better suited to the effeminate ideal. I do not doubt that young Dahlgren Avas a fear less boy, and I know that Wheeler was a very Orlando. Yet Forrest Avas all of these and more, and might have commanded an army as well as he commanded in rapid succession a squadron, a regiment, a brigade, a division, a corps and a department. It is my deliberate conviction that, had he been selected to succeed General. John ston in place of General Hood, tlie “ Bonnie Blue Flag” would be waving now from San Antonio to City Point. I do uot say it regretfully or Tauntingly, but it was a fatal misfortune to the service whose final ruin he retarded, that his great genius was not discovered before it was too late for it to avert the result which the incompe tency of some and the corruption of others was bringing to a sure and fatal end. Remarkable Discovery. A SECOND ROSETTA STONE. Almost everybody who reads has heard of the famous Rosetta Stone. It was found, over half a century ago, near Rosetta, a toivn on one of the mouths of the Nile. It was an ancient sculptur ed monument, containing an inscription in Egyp tian hieroglyphics, and beneath it a translation in Greek. Its value may be readily guessed when we state that the erudite world had long before given up any hope of reading the hiero- glyphical writing of the old Egyptian. All along the Nile, on temples and in tombs, existed a mass of inscriptions in this character, but they are to be learned like a sealed book. It Avas, indeed, provoking. Here were, without any doubt, treas ures of historical information which would throw abundant light on the early ages of one of the most venerable nations of the eartli. But nobody could decipher the language in Avliich they were concealed. At last tlie Rosetta Stone afforded a clue to the mystery. It did not look very hope ful at first, for the whole stone Avas not very large, and contained but a very few lines. But men of patient research, like Chanipollion in France, and Young in England, set themselves to the task. With the aid of the Greek transla tion they managed to revivify the old Egyptian language, to study out the system by which its hieroglyphics were arranged, and to ascertain and classify its grammatical peculiarities. The temples and the tomhs then began to yield up their secrets, and Egyptian history and Egyptian chronology became something more than mere guess work. But the result was yet very unsatis factory. The characters on the Rosetta Stone had been so few that when other hieroglyphics were encountered there was considerable doubt as to their meaning. This led to several dis putes among Egyptologists, for nobody could be absolutely certain that errors might not have crept into the linguistic system which had been with such infinite patience built up on the basis of the brief Rosetta Stone inscriptions. Happily further aid has now been obtained.— At the Egyptian town ot Port Said are some an cient ruins, Avhich once formed the foundations of edifices of a considerable size. These remains are now, however, in such a slate of utter decay, that little attention has hitherto been given to them by the authorities. Some few weeks back a portion of this debris gave way. One of tbe French engineers engaged in the construction ot the Suez canal chanced, some days later, to pass by it, and noticed the corner of a slab projecting from the ruined pile, upon which a portion oi a Greek inscription was visible. Very fortunately the Prussian Lepsius, one of the foremost Egyp tian scholars of the day, happened to be in the country. He Avas at once informed of the dis covery, and hastened to the spot. Laborers were employed under his directions to clear away the surrounding rubbish, and it was very soon found that a prize of far greater value than tlie Rosetta Stone had come to light. It was a bi lingual inscription,of which the Egyptian original comprised no less than thirty-seven fines of con siderable length, Avhile the Greek translation numbered seventy-six fines. It is evident Hoav important these two texts, every Avord of ’.fiich is perfectly legible from beginning to end/ must be for liieroglypliical studies. They contain many of the very characters, tbe signification of which has been so much debated. Nor are the contents of the inscription itself less interesting. It is a decree of the Egyptian Assembly of Priests, dated in the ninth year of the reign of King Euergetes the First. The priests of Egypt came together at that time, as the inscription states, to celebrate the birthday of the monarch. His good deeds are first of all enumerated, among them the merit of having recovered, in a military expedition, the sacred images carried off in for mer times by the Persians. Great honors are then decreed him as a reward for his services. One of these is a feast to be celebrated in honor of the King and Queen on the first day of tlie year. The decree finally closes with the allusion to the place to be held by this festival, which completely explains the method ot reckoning the months of the old Egyptian year, concerning Avliich modem writers have greatly differed. It is needless to add that this valuable relic of the past is to be immediately made public. Lepsius, at last accounts, was about returning to Berlin • for the purpose of preparing lor the press a Ayork containing accurate copies of both inscription^ It will be impatiently awaited by men ot letters, tor so remarkable a literary discovery has not been made for many years, The coffin which contains the mortal remains of Gustave IH., requiring repair, was recently opened in presence of the King and Queen of I Sweden; the face of the deceased was found to be in perfect preservation. I The mother of Senator Sumner died in Bos- I ton, on Saturday, at the age of 81.