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News Review of Current
Events the World Over
President’s Memorial Day Address at Gettysburg—Major
Labor Disputes Trouble Administration—Attempt
to Assassinate Ambassador Caffery in Havana.
By EDWARD W. PICKARD
© by Western Newspaper Union.
^ DEFORE a vast multitude of per
Kona gathered at Gettysburg battle-
fieldf'residerit Roosevelt delivered a Me¬
morial day address that was In effect a
vigorous attack on
critics of his plans for
national recovery. In¬
troduced by Governor
Plnchot as “the first
citizen of the world,”
Mr. Roosevelt first
paid eloquent tribute
to the inen of the
North and South who
fought bravely on
that historic field, and
President described how the
sections of the nation
Roosevelt had been welded into
one, its unity being aided by foreign
wars, until now all sectionalism has
disappeared. lie continued:
"We are all brothers now iri a new
understanding. The grain farmers of
t he West do not set themselves up for
preference if we seek at the same time
to help the cotton farmers of the
South; nor do the tobacco growers
complain of discrimination if, at the
same time, we help the cattle men of
the plains und mountains.
“In our planning to lift Industry to
normal prosperity the farmer upholds
our efforts. And as we give the farm¬
er a long sought equality the city
worker understands and helps. All
of us share in wlintever good comes
to the average man. We know that
we all have n stake—a partnership in
the government of our country.
"Today we have many means of
knowing each other—means that have
sounded the doom of sectionalism. It
Is, I think, ns I survey the picture
from every angle, a simple fact that
the chief hindrance to progress comes
from three elements which, thank
God, grow less in Importance with the
growth of a clearer understanding of
our purposes on the part of the over¬
whelming majority.
"These groups are those who seek
to stir up political animosity or to
build political advantage by the dis¬
tortion of facts; those who, by declin¬
ing to follow the rules of the game,
seek to gain an unfair advantage over
those who live up to the rules; and
those few who still, because they have
never been willing to take an interest
in thoir fellow Americans, dwell inside
of their own narrow spheres and still
represent the selfishness of sectional¬
ism which has no place in our national
life."
/'~i DING from Gettysburg to New
v_T y or k, the President embarked on
the cruiser Indianapolis, put out to
sea and reviewed the American fleet,
which, as assistant secretary of the
navy, he helped to command during
the World war and in which lie main¬
tains the warmest Interest. With him
were Secretary Swanson and Josephus
Daniels, the war time navy secretary.
There were some other distinguished
guests, but members of congress tried
In vain to get aboard.
'lhe Indianapolis was anchored
about a mile from Ambrose lightship,
and 88 fighting ships passed proudly
In review. The Pennsylvania, flying
the four-starred flag of Admiral David
A. Sellers, commander of the fleet, led
the parade and then, with the Louis¬
ville, turned out of line and anchored
near the Indianapolis. It was an Im¬
posing spectacle, such as had not been
witnessed since the early days of Pres¬
ident Coolidge’s administration.
A T THE annual exercises at the
a* United States Naval academy 463
midshipmen were graduated. A total
of 332 were commissioned ensigns in
the navy, 25 lieutenants In the marine
corps, one lieutenant in the Philippine
scouts and 106 will resign.
T T.NDER the present administration
the navy is doing quite well, but
the army feels that tt is neglected.
Secretary of War Dern and Newton
D. Baker, who held the portfolio dur¬
ing the war, appeared before the house
military affairs committee and urged
the passage of the Thompson bill,
which would Increase the strength of
the army to 165.000 enlisted men and
14,003 officers. That the present regu¬
lar army is Inadequate In the face of
present disturbed world conditions was
declared by both gentlemen.
The American army as now manned
would not simultaneously protect our
outlying possessions, train civilians,
and repel "any sudden invaders," Sec¬
retary Dern insisted. A more satisfac¬
tory array would cost the nation $35,-
000,000 annually, he said in explaining
that lie had not suggested an increase
to President Roosevelt because of the
President’s desire to balance the bud¬
get.
"With the rest of the world armed
to death, I don’t see how we can afford
to be disarmed," Mr. Dern toid the
committee.
Our present army has but 1 IS,000
men und 10,000 officers.
Mr. Baker could not "imagine an
army less than five times the present
size of ours haring the slightest effect
on the military policy of any other
nation." Of course, he did not advo¬
cate any such Increase; he said four
/
divisions, one in each section of the
country, with a fifth free to train ci¬
vilians, would suffice.
'T'HOUGH administration leaders
A have asserted that labor troubles
ore to be expected in a time of recov¬
ery and that they are not alarmed by
the strikes that are now in effect or
are threatened for the near future, it
was evident in Washington that these
were disturbed by the pros¬
pect of general strikes in the cotton
textile and steel industries. It was
believed President Roosevelt would
have to Intervene in the effort to bring
peace. Frequent conferences of
officials were without result.
As General Johnson refused to
change the order permitting cotton
mills to reduce their output by 25 per
cent for twelve weeks, the United Tex¬
tile WoiaMfcs of America summoned aJi
tOn^^Me mi Joyces to quit their ma-
it was predicted that 300,-
respond. The workers claim
the reduction would amount to 25 per
cent cut in their wages, and say they
will not stand for this. They also de¬
mand a 30-hour week with no reduc¬
tion of pay.
Fighting for recogffition of non¬
unions, a point on which the
masters will not yield, the Amal¬
Association of Iron, Steel and
Workers announced that a general
would he called in mid-June un¬
less its members win the right to
spokesmen freely for collective
bargaining.
The union leaders, who contend the
bargaining guaranty In the
NRA has been violated by employers,
"Is the American Iron and Steel In¬
more powerful than the Presi¬
of the United States?"
C'NDEAVORING to learn what small
business throughout the country
about the NRA, the national in¬
conference board lias been
a survey that has not
definite results. Tabulating
results as best it can, the board
it found that 34.4 per cent fa¬
the NRA as a whole; another
per cen^^avored cent it with definite¬ some
opposei^E^it, per were
wlille C.4 per cent
not qjr that it made much dif¬
is now entirely freed from
United States suzerainty, through
treaty which was signed at the State
by plenipotentiaries of
countries and ratified by the sen¬
The pact abrogates the Platt
providing for the mainte¬
of the independence and terri¬
and financial integrity of the
republic and authorizing the
States to intervene therein for
protection of the country and the
of order. In the n«w
the United States retains the
of Guantanamo as a naval base.
The people of Cuba rejoiced ex¬
over the abrogation of the
amendment, and President Men-
declared a three days national
U A VAN A police learned that there
A -*• was u plot to assassinate Jeffer¬
Caffery, American ambassador to
and to destroy American prop¬
erty on the island.
They took extraordi¬
nary precautions to
protect Mr. Caffery,
hut despite the pres¬
ence of soldiers at
j _ the entrance to his
r home some unidenti-
|P fled assailants drove
by in a car and poured
a stream of bullets
from sawed-off shot¬
J. Caffery guns just at the time
Mr. Caffery usually
for the yacht club. He was not
but one of the soldiers was
wounded, hi3 right leg be¬
torn off by an explosive bullet.
Caffery went on to the yacht club
and refused to say who he
the assassins might be.
Cuban government officials were
exc-lted by the attempt on the
life, and there was an
to blame the Communists,
leaders of that party denied their
had anything to do with It.
recent demonstrations the radicals
attacked Mr. Caffery In their
Presumably the sole pur¬
is to stir up trouble between the
of the United States and
pv ELEGATES from the five New
A--' England states. New York and
have signed a solemn
for the protection of women and
in industry, which has been
negotiation for several years.
The compact, which must be rati¬
by the legislatures of the several
contemplates minimum stand¬
of wages for women and minors
contains a provision that "no
shall pay a woman or a
an unfair or oppressive wage.”
boards are to be set up with
to investigate pay rolls and
compliance
9ADE COUNTY TIMES: JUNE 7, 1934
/CHARGES are mr^Ie by the
agriculture committee that joint
stock land banks have been using fed¬
eral funds made available under the
1933 farm loan act to buy in their own
bonds at 35 cents on the dollar while
pressing foreclosures on their debtors.
The committee approved the Fulmer
bill to authorize farmers who have ob¬
tained loans from joint stock land
banks to buy on the open market joint
stock land bank bonds, tendering same
to the Joint stock land banks in pay¬
ment of their indebtedness. The bill
would also enable farmers to repur¬
chase their lands that have been pre¬
viously foreclosed If said lands are still
in the possession of these banks.
STATESMEN from many nations
^ met in Geneva and reopened the
sessions of the disarmament conference,
with a full realization of the fact that
their failure may mean the renewal of
war In Europe in the not far future,
and possibly the end of the League of
Nations. Such hope as they had of
breaking the impasse seemed to rest on
the plan which Foreign Commissar Lit¬
vinov of Russia said lie was ready to
offer. It was believed he would con¬
centrate on a policy of political secur¬
ity as a basis for disarmament. Nor¬
man II. Davis, American ambassador-
at-large, presented the views of Presi¬
dent Roosevelt, urging an accord em¬
phasizing supervision of arms and a
more rigid control of the interna¬
tional traffic in arms.
Louis Iiarthou, foreign minister of
France, showed no inclination to yield
to the German demands for rearma¬
ment. Tlie French are said to believe
Hitler is due soon to run up against
domestic troubles that will tie his
hands; they will continue to promote
their defensive alliances until the
German chancellor gives in, and just
now are counting on a pact of mutual
assistance with Russia and the little
entente which will be signed if, as
expected, Russia enters the League of
Nations.
Premier Mussolini of Italy, in a
speech before the chamber of deputies,
said that disarmament talk was fool¬
ish and In so many words suggested
that war was the only way out of the
economic adversities that beset Italy
and Europe generally.
'-pilE A step Irish toward Free becoming State took a repul anotj 1
when the dail eireann passed a bill
abolishing the senate. After this ac¬
tion had been taken
President Earnon de
Valera said: “We
want England to get
out. We uo not want
to have anything to
do with Britain. If
there is to be any
form of association, it
must be in the com¬
mon interest of both.
We must be the
judges of whether it Eamon de
is to our advantage Valera
or not.”
No definite plan was mentioned, and
none is expected to be put forward be¬
fore March, 1935, when abolition of the
senate will become effective. Until
that date any action of the dail would
have to have senate approval.
A-» rpXEMPTION of the of service the indus-
tries from some fair trade
practices of NRA codes was authorized
by President Roosevelt in an executive
order. The exemption does not apply
to minimum wages and maximum
working hours, child labor or collec¬
tive bargaining. The order empowers
Administrator Johnson to cease at¬
tempting to enforce open price sys¬
tems, price fixing and other devices on
hundreds of thousands of cleaners, dy¬
ers and pressers, barber shops, beauty
shops and the like.
Mr. Kooseveit in his statement said
that "a trial period of some months
has shown that, while most industries,
after organization for this work and a
little experience with it, can secure
uniform national resnlts, there are oth¬
ers In which a greater degree of au¬
tonomous local self-government is de¬
sirable.” Among these are “some but
not all" of tlie service industries, the
statement added.
Enforcement of the cleaners and dy¬
ers’ code has been especially trouble¬
some, accounting for more than half
of the blue eagle removals.
Under the executive order, fair trade
practice provisions for a service indus¬
try in a given area may be provided
when 85 per cent of tlie industry in
the area agrees to them and they are
approved by the NRA.
PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT signed
A the joint resolution of congress em¬
powering him to stop arms shipments
destined for countries at war, and im¬
mediately proclaimed an embargo
against shipments of arms or muni¬
tions from the United States to Bolivia
and Paraguay. His action was the
first of Its kind in American history.
Because of existing treaties he could
cot lorhid actual shipment of arms
but he did prohibit their sale in the
United States to the warring coun¬
tries.
Costa Durels, Bolivian representa¬
tive In Geneva, before an open ses¬
sion of the League of Nations council
Invoked Article 13, the arbitration
clause of tl:e league covenant, as a
basis for settling the conflict with
Paraguay. If his demand is granted
the dispute will automatically go to
ttie World's Court of Permanent Jus¬
tice for settlement. Durels said an
arms embargo would mean the "finish"
of Bolivia.
/'"'ODDS and Rossi, French flyers who
hold the distance record, sought to
better their mark by making a non¬
stop flight from Paris to California.
They got across the Atlantic ocean all
right, but a weakness of one wing of
their big monoplane developed and
they were forced to land at New York.
BRISBANE
THIS WEEK
Five Little Girls at Once
Big Bills Come Back
Only Flew the Atlantic
Cuba Remembers
Mrs. Oliva Dionne of North Bay,
Ont., had five children last Sunday
and "expected" another. She has ten
children, her family increased by five
girl babies at one birth.
Dr. A. R. Dafoe of Callander says:
“The five little girls are all well and
chirping.”
This will interest millions of women
far more than NRA, the Russian-Jap-
anese complications or the approach¬
ing home-going of congress.
Bills of large denomination, from
$500 to $1,000 and $10,000, are used
rarely in ordinary affairs.
When banks began closing and peo¬
ple became frightened, it was observed
that bank customers were asking for
these big bills in exchange for checks,
and, before long, millions of them dis¬
appeared. The federal reserve consid¬
ers it a good sign that they are com¬
ing out from hiding.
Just before the hank crisis the
amount of big bills In hiding rose to
one billion nine hundred millions. Of
these large bills, three hundred and
fifty millions have recently returned
to the United States treasury and to
reserve banks, which, according to the
federal reserve, indicates "better
times.”
Two French flyers, Capt. Maurice
Rossi and Lieut. Paul Codos, landed
on Long Islaud after an attempt to
fly nonstop from Paris to California,
6,000 miles. The two Frenchmen are
said to be greatly humiliated by their
inability to fly on and reach Cali¬
fornia, where a glorious reception
awaited them.
It would seem that flying the At¬
lantic westward, infinitely more diffi¬
cult than going the other way, is a
sufficient accomplishment, considering
that less than twenty-five years ago
Lord Northcliffe was offering ten thou¬
sand pounds to any man that would
fly across the little English channel.
The day is not far away when men
will fly nonstop from Paris to San
Francisco as a matter of course, and
from anywhere on eartli to any other
spot on earth.
The people and government of Cuba
are trying to find four assassins ac¬
cused of attempting to murder Jeffer¬
son Caffery, United States ambassa¬
dor. The real Cubans, intelligent peo¬
ple, seek no quarrel with the United
States. They “remember the Maine"
and what happened to Spain after
that ship was sent to the bottom.
Spain was driven out of Cuba and all
tlie way home across the Atlantic and
out of the Philippines as well.
Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt, wife of
the President, an able, energetic and
kind-hearted woman, went to Alder-
son, W. Va„ to Inspect the federal
prison for women and speak to the
400 Inmates. For such an address, or
any address to any prisoners, the best
text Is tlie well-known remark of the
Bohemian John Huss, looking at a
poor drunkard in the gutter: "But for
the grace of God there lies John
Huss.”
Mrs. Roosevelt talks over tlie radio,
and for doing so is paid $500 a min¬
ute. Others do tlie same and are paid
ns much or even more, but Mrs.
Roosevelt gives ail her radio receipts
to charity.
Not many of the otiiers do that.
Mussolini, observing world-wide
preparation for wur, and no disarma¬
ment, says, "If I must fight, 1 must,”
and gets ready, wastes no time sob¬
bing or sighing.
Before 1940, beginning at once, he
will spend one thousand million lire
on fighting surface ships and the same
huge sum on fighting airships.
"Man’s tragic destiny is war,” says
he, and tells Italians to prepare for
long hard times, to meet the war bills.
At least 80 per cent of Europe
wants peace, and does not know how
to get it.
The "Century of Progress” exposi¬
tion is opened for the second year with
a success big enough to please even
Chicago. Anything must be big to
satisfy Chicago.
Already it is apparent that this
year’s greater and better exposition j
will eclipse the first year, fn attend¬
ance and In every other way.
Henry Ford was there to Inspect !
his new exposition buildings. Before
he realized it, half a dozen young
Americans, twelve to fifteen years old,
had recognized him. appointed him
their guide, without pay, and kept him
busy for an hour explaining everything
to them, while his distracted secre¬
taries tried to remind htm of impor¬
tant business appointments.
Mr. Ford told them:
"These boys are more important
There is nothing serious the matter
with a country when the young peo¬
ple are Interested in new ideas.”
Do not fail to visit Chicago’s won¬
derful "Century of Progress” exposi¬
tion thi3 summer. See what has been
done in the past century of progress.
See your country, coming and going,
and ask yourself what the next cen¬
tury of progress will accomplish, when
this little depression stomach ache
shall have been forgotten.
Kin# Feature# Syndicate, I»e.
WNU aervte*
National Topics Interpreted
by William Bruckart
Washington.—The expanding influ¬
ence of the federal government on the
lives of individuals
FeelEffectsof throughout the Unit-
. r%t>al ed States suddenly
has become a matter
that is attracting attention, and more
and more repercussions are to be noted
in the National Capital. Some ob¬
servers tell me they think it is an
indication that the multifarious agen¬
cies that have been set up under the
New Deal are at last in fult operation
and their effects are now reaching to
the grass roots of the country. How¬
ever that may be, it can be stated
without equivocation that the so-called
alphabetical soup (the various admin¬
istrations and boards and commissions
known only by initials) are making
their presence felt for better or for
worse in the lives of Individuals.
I cannot agree with tlie exaggerated
assertion by a leading Republican
politician that “we are subject to Hit¬
ler decrees from a hundred different
sources,” but there seems little doubt
of vast power being wielded by the
various New Deal agencies.
For Instance, Harry Hopkins, fed¬
eral relief administrator, has decreed
that there will be no drought relief
funds for cattle owners supplied by
the federal emergency relief admin¬
istration unless the holders of any
mortgages on those cattle agree not
to foreclose such mortgages. And, be
It said, the mortgage holder who re¬
fuses to make such an agreement is
up the well known stump. He can
take tlie cattle, of course, when the
mortgage matures, but if tlie mortgages
have many months to run, the cattle
nre liable to die of starvation in the
meantime: Without attempting to de¬
cide the merit of such a policy on the
part of the federal government, the
illustration shows the power that is
wielded from Washington.
The Reconstruction Finance corpora¬
tion has been exercising its influence
with hanks for some time. While
IiFC officials insist they are not at¬
tempting to control policies of hanks,
it nevertheless remains as a fact that
they are exercising voting power in
the boards of directors of numerous
hanking institutions. They went so
far in the case of a great Chicago
bank as to insist that the man they
selected be elected by the board as its
chairman. In addition, through the
Federal Deposit Insurance corpora¬
tion, the hank policies on loans are
closely watched, and this Is happen¬
ing at a time when the President and
some of his advisers are strongly urg¬
ing the hanks to make loans. From
what I know of the hanking business,
I imagine few banks will hesitate on
making loans in large amounts pro¬
viding the borrower has some secur¬
ity to put up that will assure repay¬
ment of the funds borrowed.
* • *
Under NRA and the nnnierons
codes, various terms and conditions
are laid down
Typical of for business
HowCodeWorks P ractices - Here
is a typical
case: the code for the graphic arts
Industries has a provision prohibiting
extension of credit for longer than
two years. That is, a printing plant
owner or publisher of a country news¬
paper or any one else wanting to buy
a linotype machine had been allowed
sometimes as much as five years in
which to pay for expensive equipment
of that kind. Now, however, he must
pay for it within two years or the
manufacturer will he a code violator
by selling it on a long term basis.
Thus, it is to be seen that the code
exerts an influence on what might
be called the innocent bystander. The
country publisher cannot save np gold
with which to pay for the machinery
because he would be a criminal to
have gold under present law.
Again declaring that I am not dis¬
cussing the merit of the proposition,
it remains as a fact that the federal
trade commission is exerting an in¬
fluence on the type of Investments in¬
dividuals make as a result of its con¬
trol over the issue and sale of shares
of stock or bonds. Of course, the com¬
mission cannot reach a corporation
that is doing business only in its
home state, but the larger corpora¬
tions engage in business on a broad-
er scale than that and the bulk of
shares and bonds, therefore, must not
be issued until the federal trade com-
mission’s securities experts have de¬
termined tlie facts about the corpora¬
tion that offers them. It is a matter
of record, of course, that numerous
corporations have sold purely blue sky-
stock, but the point I am attempting
to make is that here is another federal
influence on the lives of individuals.
There are so many other examples
that could be cited that they would fill
more space than is available here.
• • •
As we go through the month of
June, another phase of the New Deal
becomes effective. I
Forest refer to the develop-
Conservation nie ” t of the coun ’
try’s forests, private¬
ly as well as publicly, owned. While
there will be no noticeable results for
some time, the President’s forest con¬
servation policy has become operative
nevertheless, and it is a long-range
affair that is generally accepted as
building for the future.
The program which the President
Initiated when he started the Civilian
Conservation corps embodies a definite
scheme for restoring forests that h
been cutover and a
more than constitute nothin (”
waste land; it provides
selective cutting of trees tn lu mber
lag operations, and it is designed
create the necessity in the for minds of all citL! t0
ests against sustaining our f„ r
the time when, at the
present rate of destruction, there
would be no more iumher I was
prised when the forestry sw
that forest service told
me land was just about
one-fourth of the entire area in the
Lnited States. But the forestry offi
cials reminded me at the same time
that unless there is a serious
servation con¬
movement, there Is onlv
enough timber in sight to provide him-
her for about thirty years more.
Mr. Roosevelt is proposing legisla¬
tion, most of which will be ready
for the session of congress meeting
in for January, co-ordinating 1935, to the provide efforts tnachinerj
of the
federal and state governments and
for gaining the co-operation of private
trees. land owners in restoring growing
A good many Washington observers
are wondering how soon the federal
trade commission
Headed for and NRA are going
a Clash t0 !ock horns -
two agencies are
certainly headed in the direction of a
clash. It is generally conceded here
that sooner or later General John¬
son’s NRA codes that establish mon¬
opolies in various fields of commerce
and industry are going to be made the
subject of pithy comment from fed¬
eral trade commission circles. How
soon it will come, or what form the
disagreement will take, of course, can
be only a matter of conjecture now.
It is necessary to recall the basis
upon which the federal trade commis¬
sion was created in order to get a
clear understanding of the clash that
is to be expected. First of all. the
creators of the federal trade commis¬
sion had in mind the Idea of a fed¬
eral agency that could be watching
big business all of the time. Where it
found unfair practices, smothering of
the little independent units, and such
other conditions as some sharp-shoot¬
ing businesses use, the commission can,
and does, cite them publicly. It goes
after the facts in public hearings and
exposes the practices. It also issues
orders directing the offending busi¬
nesses to eliminate the objectionable
practices. If they choose to disregard
tlie commission orders, the matter is
turned over to prosecuting officers of
the government and tougher penal¬
ties may be imposed.
Now. the national recovery act and
General Johnson’s codes have gone a
long way toward making the commis¬
sion's guardianship of little business
nil in its effect. The codes permit
monopolies, or rather, the codes pro¬
vide under the recovery act that the
anti-trust laws shall not apply to those
businesses signing the terms and con¬
ditions of the codes. It is seen, there¬
fore, that the provisions of the fed¬
eral trade commission act can hardly
be enforced. That Is to say, the com¬
mission cannot order a business to
cease doing something that General
Johnson's codes declare to he finite
all right.
Thus far, the commission has kept
reasonably quiet about the thing 6
is true, however, that its members
have thoughts about the situation
that would make interesting reading
if they were to he expressed openly.
The commission has kicked about »
few of the codes in a mild sort of
way. Its criticisms have been tem¬
pered. it is said, by the fact that
none knows exactly how to go about
effecting a reconciliation of the di¬
verse positions enacted into law In
the recovery act and the federal trade
commission act. Apparently, there
have been no instructions from t ie
White House and so the commission Is
looked upon merely as drifting und
such time as an administration P°l‘ c - r
Is framed.
But somebody Is going to have to
Iron out the differences. They cannot
go on indefinitely. That fact is o
vlous. When one government agency
goes ahead and allows a thing
done that another government agency
has been created to prevent, it *
axiomatic that a collision is S" n
to occur between them in due course.
Few observers, and few impor.a
leaders as well, are willing to
prediction to the outcome. ‘
a as
reason is that NRA and is I under believe fire^ I ca ^
several directions
be said to what extent the g' r, er
not to »
principles of NRA are going
come imbedded in our Industrial struc¬
ture.
• • •
Government officials are
and more concerned ab0D *
more
growth of smuggling and hoe
of liquor. A determined effort 1*
lng made to check this ih’ cit
.
but the optimism expressed by ofhe -
charged with the responsih- * .
not ring very loud. Indeed, the -
hear in good many quarters s ‘
a d"™
there must be some revision
ward of the Import duties an '
local and state taxes on
else the bootlegger and smuggler
_
be doing as much business as
legitimate, licensed dealers.
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