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VOL. 1. THE WIDE WORLD. GENERAL TELEGRAPHIC AND CABLE CULLINGS Of Brief Items of Interest From Various Sources. One million dollars in gold coin was ordered Monday for shipment to Europe. The commercial treaty between Spain and the United States was signed at Mad rid, Friday. Total gold coin shipped to Europe, Saturday, was $4,225,000; total for week, $5,850,000. President Carnot has signed the Franco- Brazilian convention protecting the lite rary and artistic works of the two coun tries mentioned. Dispatches of Saturday say that heavy rains have prevailed throughout southern Wales, causing disastrous floods and se rious damage to property. The police of Paris searched the offices of the Panama Coal company Saturday, and seized all documents in any way re lating to the company’s affairs. The firm of Kimbal Bros., manufac turers and dealers in carriages at Boston, Mass., made an assignment Friday to George W. Morse, attorney at law. Mark W. Harrington, editor of The American Meteorological Journal and pro fessor at Ann Arbor, Mich., has been appointed chief of the weather bureau. The case of libel upon the schooner Robert and Minnie was argued and sub mitted to Judge Ross, Friday, at Los Angeles, Cal., and taken under advise ment. The United States treasurer, on Mon day, reported a net balance in the treas ury of $4,506,439 in excess of fractional silver coin and of deposits in national banks. The widow of the late premier of Canada, Sir John Macdonald, has been raised to the peerage, as an acknowl edgement of her husband’s long and dis tingu'shed service. A Washington dispatch says: Comp troller of the Currency Lacy says that the Florence National bank will be placed in charge of a receiver as soon as a proper selection can be made. Tha warehouse of the Rockford Chair and Furniture Company, at Rockford, 111., was totally destroyed by fire Sunday morning. The loss will reach $75,000. Three firemen were severely injured. News was received at Muscatine, la., Sunday, announcing the death of Alex ander Clark, of that city, American min ister to Liberia. He died at Morovia, the Liberian capital, June 3. Clark was a colored man, 65 years of age. Rev. William M. Ogden, rector of the Church of the Holy Cross at Warrens burg, N. Y., fell dead in the pulpit while preaching Sunday morning. He was fifty-five years of age and had been pastor of the church twenty years. The seventy-first regiment armory at New York, was completely gutted by fire early Saturday morning. The esti mated loss is SIOO,OOO. Members of the regiment had 300 uniforms and their arms in the armory, all of which were lost. A cablegram of Friday from Vienna says: Prince Alexander, of Battenberg, ex-ruling prince of Bulgaria, who so gallantly defeated King Milan in the Bulgarian-Servian war of 1885, is dan gerously ill. Prince Alexander is suffer ing from an ulcerated stomach. Anew York dispatch of Friday says: The experience of the steamer City of Richmond has led the authorities of the White Star line to consider the question of carrying cotton on the cargo of pas senger and mail steamers. Until decis ion is arrived at, no more cotton will be carried on such vessels. John B. Alley, of Lynn, Mass., made an assignment Friday for the benefit of his creditors. Liabilities $500,000 to SOOO,OOO, which is partially or wholly secured, owed to the firm of Alley Bros. & Place, and small indebtedness outside of that amount. Assets of every de-cription are turned into the asignees’ hands. The old ferry rolling mill at Washing ton, Del., was destroyed by fire Sunday evening and some adjoining property was damaged. The loss is estimated < at $500,000, about half covered by insur ance. The mills were running night and day, and the fire will throw about three hundred men out of employment. A dispatch from Rutland, Yt., says: The ladies of the Christian church of Brushton, N. Y., gave their first ice cream sociable of the season on Saturday night last. Forty-three people who ate ice cream were poisoned. The pastor of the church and two ladies have died, and all the others are in a critical condition. Rumors of strikes and lockouts arc current in regard to Loriliard’s big to hpeco factory in Jersey City, N. J. Mon day the firm said that the factory would be closed for one week for the purpose of taking account of stock. The employees, however, say that the shut down is the result of the recent strike, but this is de nied by the firm. The Chilian legation at Washington re ceived a cablegram Sunday, which static that Chief of Chilian insurgents, ex aptamof Chilian navy, George Montt, has notified the American admiral at Iqique that the crews of American ves sels ought not to go on shore, as they would run the risk of being assaulted by ihe revolutionary mobs. A dispatch from Cloquet, Minn., says that about 2:80 o’clock Fruity afternoon fire was discovered in the yard of the Nelson Lumber Company, near the mill. The fire was ci ufined to the lumber yard. Over 25.000,000 feet of dry lumber was destroy'd. The loss is estimat'd at $500,000. Many persons were injured dining the progress of the liie. I he four story ooffeeSnill of E. Lever ing <k Cos., at Ba tiiuore, Md.. was totally destroyed by fire Sunday evening, involv ing a loss from .SIOO,OOO to SIIO,OOO. The mill was used to roast coffee, seven large roasters being locati and on ti e fourth floo . It ( outlined about $50,000 worth ol coffee, S4O 000 woith of machinery and ■ (piipm*-nts, and the building itself valued s.t $20,000. THE INDUSTRIAL SOUTH. New Enterprises Established for the Second Quarter. The Tradesman's report of new indus tries established in the southern states during the second quarter of 1891, shows a total of 1,292, against a total of the second quarter in 1890 of 1.850 and sec ond quarter of 1889 of 558, The Trades man says: While the number of new industries established for the second quarter of this year is not up to that of the corresponding period of 1890, still the industrial interests of this section are in a very healthful condition, and a noticeable feature for the past three months Ins been the amount of capi tal invested in enterprises, in dicating that the new industries now being put into operation in the southern states are larger and will be more thor oughly equipped. During the quarter ending July Ist, there were established in the southern states four agricultural implement works, four barrel factories, three boot and shoe factoiies, one brewery and thirty-nine brick works, Virginia leading with seven; Alabama, six: Georgia, Kentucky and South Carolina each having four to their credit, and nearly all of the southern states contributing one to two to make up the total. Sixty-two large devel opment and improvement companies have been organized during the quarter, Tennessee leading with twelve; Virginia, ten; South Carolina, eight; North Caro lina, seven, and the balance being evenly distributed in other states. Twenty-nine electric light companies have been or ganized, against forty-nine for the cor responding quarter of last year; eighteen flour and grist mills have been establish ed; forty-seven foundries and machine shops, against seventy for the corre sponding quarter of 1890; eight furnace companies have been organized, Dine gas works companies, sixteen ice works and fifty-seven mining and quarrying compa nies have been organized. Twenty-three natural gas and oil companies have been organized during the past quarter, which indicates the marked interest that is being attracted to this industry in the south. Twenty-three oil mills have been erected and thirty-seven phos phate companies have been organized. One hundred and sixteen railroad com panies have been chartered, three rolling mills erected, and thirty-eight street and electric railway companies have been in corpoiated. Four tanneries have been erected during the past quarter, twenty one water works and thirty-four cotton and woolen mills have been established nine in North Carolina, six in South Car olina, five in Georgia, four iu Alabama, and the balance distributed among the other Southern States. One hundred and fifty wood working establishments have been erected, agaiust 225 in the corre sponding quarter of last year. FAMINE THREATENED. Failures of Russian Harvests Forebode Death and Disaster. The London Telegraph's St. Petersburg correspondent declares that the harvest in Russia this year is likly to be the worst on record. He draws a harrowing picture of the results of the continued drought. “Prices of cereals,” he says, “are rising hourly. Rye has never be fore been so dear. Throughout central and western and the greatest portion of southern Russia the outlook is dismal.” Ministerial reports say that the winter crop in south and east Russia perished by the frosts. Famine is already visible in the faces of the peas antry of Kostroma. Disease has already broken out in Koson. Among the iudi gents receiving meals gratis are 146 no blemen and seventy-six priests. In other districts similar conditions are reported. In the Jewish colony at Rovonopl many people are dying of hunger and hundreds have to huddle together, several families in one room, for the sake of warmth. Some papers contain advertisements of children for sale. The government is taking precaution against expected re volts . Taxes are collected with the usual regularity, and a failure to pay is visited with severe flogging. INCREASE OF FAILURES For the Past Six Months, as Re ported by Dun & Cos. A New York dispatch of Tuesday says; The business failures for the first six months of the present year are reported by H. G. Dun & Cos., to the number of 6,074, as against 5,385 during the same period in 1890. The increase of 689 fail ures is unusually large. Tne extent of liabilittes is also excessive, the amount owing by parties who have failed in 1891 footing up to $92,000,000, while for the same period in 1880 it was only $65,000,- 000, indicating an increase in liabilities of $27,000,000. Notwithstanding the extreme extent of these casualties and other adverse circumstances, reports from all portions of the country, furnished for the semi-annual business outlook, indi cate a fairly healthy condition of trade, and excellent prospects in view of the large increase of wealth from growing crops and uctive industrial enterprises. TRENTON, GA„ EIi]DAY. JULY 3. 1S!1. BUSINESS REVIEW. Dun & Co’s Report for the Past Week. Business failures occurring throughout the country during the last seven days, as reported to R. G. Dun & Co.’s mer cantile agency, number for the United States, 203; Canada, 31; total, 234, against 254 last week. Signs of improvement in business grow more frequent and distinct, though there is nothing like a radical change as yet. The hesitation which has prevailed dur ing the year gives way but slowly to in creased confidence; more slowly because of a few failures in woolens at Philadel phia, and in leather and shoes in the east. Yet the soundness of the commercial uation is generally recognized, and the situation which remains is rightly attri buted mainly to uncertainties regarding thq demand for gold from Europe and the financial situauuu tucre. VVolio goiG. continues to leave England foi Russia, the banking institutions of western Eu rope are well supplied, and in this coun try the treasury disbursements have been enormous. REPO US MORE ENCOURAGING. The point of danger is still an exceed ingly strained condition of credits abroad ca account of past disastrous speculations, and reports are, on the whole, more encouraging than a week ago. Southern reports are less encour aging. At Memphis there is no appre ciable improvement, and trade is de cidedly quiet at New Orleans, slackening at Savannah, though the prospect is bright and steady, exceeding last year’s at Jacksonville. Speculative markets have declined in almost every direction, but without panic or excitement. THE IRON MARKET. In iron manufacture improvement is still seen, with a better demand for plates and bar iron and a very active demand for structural, mills being generally well employed. At New York there is some pressure to sell pig iron, not of the most favored brands, but good foundry is stiff. The first Greek child to bo baptized in Savannah was treated to that honor re cently. The priest wa3 brought from San Francisco especially for the purpose, and the total cost was nearly SI,OOO. A VAST LAKE Forming in the Colorado Desert Basin. A dispatch of Tuesdaj from Yuma, Ariz., says: The Colorado desert basis, at Salton, sixty miles west of Yuma, is rapidly filling up with fresh water from a subterranean passage believed to be connected with the Colorado river,caused by the high waters of last February. At the last advices it was converted into a lake five miles wide. The machinery is being removed from the salt factories at Salton. The Southern Pacific railroad track passes through the basin for more than fifty miles, its lowest point being 263 feet be ow sea level. The Colorado river is ICO feet above sea level at Yuma. If the subterranean passage connects with the Colorado ah >ve Yuma, the lake will be over 100 feet ill depth and over fifty miles long. If the waters continue to rise the Southern Pacific track will be submerged for nearly 100 miles, and the great desert will be converted into a vast lake. TIIE MINES FLOODED. A later dispatch recites that the water which began to rise in S dton salt mines Saturday evening, driving out the labor ers, now covers an area of ten miles square three to eight feet deep. The lower end of the sidetrack from the rail road to the salt works is gone. The mines are flooded. The Indian wells, sixty miles south, is 227 feet above Sal ton, aud for forty miles square the water is from three to live feet deep, being the overflow of the Colorado river. All that prevents this water from flowing into Saltou sink is a bank of loose sand nine feet high and a mile wide. Parties from the Indian wells report the water walled up against this bank. It is thought the water has found an underground passage through the sand into the basin. If so it will carry the flood into it, as the Colora do for ten miles is overflowing its west bank and pouring au immense body of water into the La Guna region at the In dian wells. CHAOS AND RUIN Mark the Spot Where Powder Houses Stood. A dispatch from Galveston, Texas, says: About II o’clock Friday morning, during the prevalence of an electrical storm which passed over the city, a bolt of lightning descended, striking and ex ploding the powder house of the Ameri can Powder company, containing 2,1)00 kegs of powder. The concussion caused the Hazard & Dupo::t Powder company’s magazine to explode, and also the maga zine of Victor Cortina’s. Although these powder magazine* -were located near Eagle Grove, four miles west of the city, the shock of the explosion caused houses to rock and sway in the city as if in the throes of an earthquake. Glass was broken, doors flung open, plaster fell from walls, goods came tumbling down from shelves, caused by the sway ing of buildings. Chaos and ruin mark ed the scene of the disaster. Where tin powder house stoo i there is not a vestige of the building and and th ■ site of the American powder magazine is marked by a hole in the ground 129 feet in cir cumference and from 200 to 300 feet in depth. Scantlings were hurled iuto the air half a mile by the terrible force of the explosion. Brick and other debris arc scattared over a large area of territory. Buildings in the immediate neighborhood and for three-quarters of a mile distant were badly wrecked and a number of nersons hurt—one man fatally CROP BULLETIN. Condition of Weather and Crops for Past Week. The signal bureau’s weather crop bul letin for week ended June 26th, says: The week has been warmer than usual east of the Rocky mountains, exci pt on the New England and Florida coasts, where the temperature was slightly below normal. Excessive rains have occurred in eastern Texas and thence northward to Missouii;iu western lowa. Nebr iska,and portions of Colorado, New Mexico, Min nessota, and the Dakotas. More than the usual amount of rain is also reported from the western portion of the middle Atlantic states, the upper Ohio valley, the New England coast, and over limited areas in the south Atlantic states. GENERAL REMARKS. Arkansas—Weather greatly beneficial to all crops. Cotton and corn growing nicely. Fruit of all kinds doing well. Texas—Good showers in all sections. Cotton blooming in south Texts and crops very promising throughout the state. Louisiana —Showers in all sections greatly benefit all crops. Cotton bolls forming. Fruit very promising. Rice in excellent condition. G*ass and weeds getting the start in some localities. Mississippi—Condition favorable to cultivation and growth. Outlook en couraging. Rain needed soon. North Caroliua—Much sunshine, and warm weather very favorable. Ali crops improved. Rainfall badly distributed, and excessive in few places. Cotton im proved, but small and grassy. Virginia—Much sunshine, but rather too much rain for harvesting; weather generally beneficial to growing crops; wheat harvest well advanced. South Carolina —Cotton very much im proved where well cultivated. Much sunshine proved beneficial to all crops. Tennessee —Corn, cotton and tobacco growing finely; wheat threshing begun, fine yield. The weather of the week was favorable for cleaning crops, and the out look is encouraging. BURIED TREASURE Of Great Value Unearthed in an Alabama County. A dispatch of Friday from Florence, Ala., says: A story of a buried treasure has been brought to light in Colbert county which is rather unusual from the fact that the money has been unearthed and the heirs are now trying to recover ,c. Jam's Johusou, living leu miles south of F.oivuce, .(li® in 1853, leaving no will. Ilis estate was admini-tered on by Dick Johnson, his brother, who re cently found anving some musty papers a diagram of the premises on which his brother lived, with telling of buried money at™ point indicated. Johnson dug for the money, by a man named Cheatham, but failed™ dis cover if. Several days ago the starch was resumed, when it was db covered that some one had been digging, and from a fresh hole it was apparent ihat a box had been removed. Footprints lead to Cheatham’s house, who, on being questioned, denied any knowledge of i{. Johnson is positive Cheatham has found the money and h is commenced legal pro ceedings to recover it. The amount of the treasure is not known, but is suppo ed to he very lar e. DISASTROUS OVERFLOW. The Missouri Out of its Banks and Changing its Course. Dispatches of Monday say that the Missouri river has cut through Doniphan point, a lew miles north of Atchison, Kan., aud converted several Missouri farms into a vast island. The newly found channel is getting wider every hour aud it is feared that the entire cur rent will change in less than forty-eight hours. This will leave a lake eight miles iu length in the old bed. The river has been rising rapidly for twenty-four hours and au oveiflow is looked for in the bot tom lanel effected by the cut. Another dispatch from Kansas City, says: The Missouri river at this point is at a daugerously high stage. The water is the highest it has been since the great flood of 1881. Much damage has been done. Monday evening the water regis tered three feet obove high-water mark, or twenty-three feet above the standard low-water murk. TO TEST NAVY VESSELS As to theip Capabilities in Ac tual Warfare. A Washington dispatch of Saturday says: For the first in the history of this country we are to have a series of naval maneuvers involving problems of actual warfare as presented in the attack of one of our great maritime ports by a fore gn naval force and its defense by the Ameri can navy. Admiral Walker has been directed to prepare immediately a pro gramme of maneuvers for the summer and early autumn, which will dispose of the forces at his command to the best advan tage, and confer practical training on officers and men under conditions follow ing as closely as possible those of actual warfare. A SUMMER VACATION Given to Over Two Thousand Glass Workers. AU but one of the fourteen flint and window glass factories in Findlay, 0., nave put out fires and shut down for the summer vacation, which will last until September Ist, and probably longer. As the wage schedule has not yet been agreed upon the closing of the factories gives over two thousand employes two months’ vacation. A REMARKABLE MOUNTAIN. CURIOUS FORMATION OF MOUNT RORAIMA IN SOUTH AMERICA. It is 8000 Feet High and Shaped Like a Huge, Shallow Dish—What Its Top Contains. For many years after Sir Robert Schomberg discovered Mount Roraima on the boundary line between British Guiana and Venezuela, it was believed to be impossible to reach its top except by balloon. According to Brown, Whet ham and Whiteley, who were eager to solve the mystery of Mount Roraima, the upper 2000 feet of the great sandstone mountain was a perpendicular wall. They believed it impossible to surmount this precipice and gain the summit of the great flat topped mountain. It was left for Mr. Everard im Tliurn to con quer Roraima. He gained its summit in December, 1884. More fortunate than his predecessors, he follnd on one face of the mountain a narrow ledge rather perilous of ascent, but which afforded a pathway to the summit. It begins above the forest line from which the per pendicular mass rises. He had to ciear the vegetation from the ledge in order to get along. About half way to the top a fall pouring over the mountain edge strikes the ledge in its descent. It was the dry season and not much water was coming over in this fall. If a large vol ume of water had poured over the edge, as is the case in the rainy season, the explorer probably would not have been able to contiuue the upward journey. This drop of 20U0 ftet makes the Rora ima falls probably the highest in the world. On his way to the ledge, the explorer, in his report to the Royal Geographical Society, says his party seldom stepped on the ground, but instead they clambered over masses of vegetation dense enough to bear their weight. They traveled over high piled rocks and tree stumps, and now and then crawled under boulders of vast size. In the upper part of the slope they found the ledge comparatively easy of ascent; and at last the little party reached the top edge of the mountain face, and were able to see what every man, white and red, whose eyes had rested on the moun tain, had declared would never be seen while the world lasted—what was on top of Roraima. There they were about 8000 feet above the sea, ou top of a mountain which spread twelve miles away like a shallow dish. It was a fantastic laudscape, for all around were rocks of the weirdest forms standing in apparently impossible positions, some placed on or next to others, in ways that seemed to defy every law of gravity. There were rocks in groups, rocks standing singly, rocks as pyramids, rocks that were caricatures of the faces and forms of men and ani mals, semblances of umbrellas, caunons, and almost every object one could im agine. Between the rocks were small ; level spaces of pure yellow sand, with little streams and shallow lakelets of nuro water. In some places there were little marshes filled with low, scanty and bris tling vegetation. Here and there, jutting from some crevice in the rock, were small shrubs like miniature trees,but all apparently of one species. Not a tree was seen, nor any signs of animal life. Climbing the highest rocks, the explorer saw in every direction as far as I his eye could reach, this same extraordin ary scenery. The general character of , all the plants is dwarfish and almost al- j pine. Nearly all the vegetation grows | in the little levels, on water saturated ground. Avery few plants occur in the crevices of the rocks. There are one or tw'o species of grass-like Poepalanthus, a few real grasses, large quantities of the splendid and luxuriant pitcher plant and Yucca-like plants, said to be poisonous. This plant was in full flower on the sum mit, and its yellow crowns of fiow T ers were sufficiently abundant and remark able to lend a character of their own to the scene. The very scanty vegetation in the crevices of the rocks is composed almost entirely of insignificant ferns. The top of the mountain seems to be not quite flat, but to have the form of a very shallow basin, its edge being formed by the rugged edge of the cliff. The sur face of this basin is divided into a vast number of much smaller basins, with separating walls between them—curious ly terraced ridges of rock. , Mr. im Thurn had no means of ascer taining the greatest depth of the general basin. None of the smaller basins ap peared to be more than ten to twenty feet deep, and their diameter varied from 100 to 500 yards. The height of the highest pinnacle he measured was about eighty fee. These basins hold a con siderable quantity of water. Even at the time of his visit, after a long dry season, the hollows were almost full of water. In times of heavy rain, a great many cascades pour over the edge of the mountain. Previous travelers had as serted that the top of Roraima was cov ered with trees. This is not so, at least, at the southern end of the mountain, where Mr. im Thurn ascended. He be lieves that travelers, obtaining distant views, mistook the many pinnacles and points of rocks they saw, for the tops of trees. Small masses of clouds were pass ing over the top all the time during his visit, and he thinks there are very few days in the year when it is really clear on the top of Roraima. The constant mists and the frequent heavy clouds and rain storms account for the super-satu ration of everything at the summit. The mountain is of soft sandstone, and being always thus saturated and exposed to strong blasts of wind, the rock is fasb* ioned into mauy remarkable forms by ex traordinarily active, aerial denudation. The explorer was not able to carry up the mountain supplies for a sojourn there, and was therefore compelled to re turn to hjg camp on the same day. His collections, however, made both on the mountain top and around its base, were of much value. For many yearn, it has been supposed that the flora of the mountain top would be found different from that of the plain, and similar to that which existed in old times. To some extent, these anticipations have been realized by the discoveries made by Mr. im Thurn. Now that the mountain summit has at last been conquered, it is probable that before many years an ex haustive examination will be made of this remarkable plateau.— Goldthwaite's Geographical Magazine. SELECT SIFTINGS. Teeth are pulled by electricity. A Belgian coal mine is 3700 feet deep. A hotel will be erected on Pike’s Peak, Col., 14,200 feet high. * . According to the last census there were twenty-six fifteen-year-old married women in Paris. A Baltimore man had earache contin ually for eleven years. Finally he recov ered and delight drove him insane. A cut of tea made from the roots of freshly dug daudelious will work won ders for the nerves. Take three times a day. A grain of fine sand will cover one of the minute scales of the human skin, yet each one of these scales covers from 300 to 500 pores. A bill sticking machine, which sticks without ladder or paste pot, has made its appearance in the streets of Paris, and does its work well. The roots of timothy grass have been traced to a depth of 2J- feet, and clover ‘I fo rt*- in o kn ,r l olotr oail onifoßln ’• X XV 1 VV/I’J XXX U lltitvx GIUJ OV/1X OUXVUW4W for making bricks. In the text of the “Encyclopedia Brit annica,” there aro 10,000 words which have never been formally entered and de fined in any dictionary. French parents possessing seven oi have certain exemptions from taxation. In France there are 150,- 000 families so exempted. There are spiders no bigger than a grain of sand, which spin threads so fine that it takes 4000 of them to equal in magnitude a single hair. The people of Starlight, Grundy Coun ty, Mo., complain that the man who car ries the mail to that town puts young pigs, etc., in the pouch along with the love letters, etc. A magistrate in Georgia recently re ceived four silver dime3 as a marriage fee. The groom, a boy of eighteen, said it was all he could afford. The bride was a widow of forty. A tramp stole a razor and opened up a shop in a box car near the fire-brick works,at Mexico, Mo. He shaved twenty five men in half a day, pocketed $2.50 and again took to the road. Reindeer flesh, which is said to be tender, delicious, and nutritious, is regu larly exported from the arctic zone3 to Hamburg, where it meets eager demand at about thirteen cents a pound. Two years ago the remains of William Inne3 were buried at Corunna, Ind. When exhumed the other day, they were found petrified, and had increased in weight from 175 to ever 590 pounds. A benevolent Atchison (Kan.) woman keeps a bar of soap on a board near a creek that runs through the town, for the use of tramps, and a number of them may be seeu at that place every day wash ing themselves. No wild fowl will pass under the Mis sissippi River bridge. A wounded goose floated down the stream the other day until it come to the bridge, but it would go no further. It stemmed the tide until completely exhausted, and then swain to the other shore, permitting a boy to cap ture it. The Breathing of a Locomotive. The “breathing” of a locomotive— that is to say, the number of puffs given by a railway engine during its journey —depends upon the circumference of its driving wheels and their speed. No mat ter what the rate of speed may he, for every one round of the driving wheels a locomotive will give four puffs—two out of each cylinder, the cylinders being double. The sizes of driving wheels vary, some being eighteen, nineteen, twenty and even twenty-two feet in circumfer ence, although they are generally made of about twenty feet. The express speed varies from fifty-four to fifty-eight miles an hour. Taking the average circumfer ence of the driving wheel to be twenty feet, and the speed per hour fifty miles, a locomotive will give, going at express speed, BSO puffs per minute, or 52,800 puffs per hour, the wheel revolving 13,- 200 times in sixty minutes, giving 1056 puffs per mile. Therefore, an express going from London to Liverpool, a dis tance of 201£ miles, will thiow out 213,048 puffs before arriving at its des tination. During the tourist season of 1888 the journey from London to Edin burgh was accomplished in less than eight hours, the distance being 401 miles, giving a speed throughout of fifty miles an hour. A locomotive of an express train from London to Edinburgh, sub ject to the above conditions, will giv* 423,456 puffs.— lron, NO. 10.