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VOL. 1. MATCH MANUFACTURING, the simple invention which BANISHED THE TINDER. Sweden is the Great Match Maker— Each Person Uses Eight a Day— Wax Watches. Every man, woman and child in Eu rope’and America, taking the average, uses eight matches every day in the year. Does it not seem wonderful when one considers the enormous number of matches which, at tint rate, the civilized world uses each year to light its fires, its pipes and cigars and other things which re quire igniting for purposes of every-day convenience? The very notion of getting on without them seems so absurd that one does not realize that it is only within the last sixty years that they have been procurable. How marvelously cheap they are, too! In fact, there is no product of human manufacture that better illustrates the expense saving advantages of ma chinery. When one machine will turn out 15,000,000 matches in ten hours, why should not mankind regard the phe nomenon of fire as too commonplace to be worthy of serious consideration. Sweden is the great match maker of the world, but the industry is conducted on an enormous scale in the United States and other countries. The wood used is chiefly pine, white or yellow. Timber for the purpose is cut out in blocks fif teen inches long—-long enough to make seven matches. After being freed from the bark the blocks are put into a ma chine resembling a turning lathe, with a fixed cutting tool by which a continuous strip of veneer is turned off precisely the thickness of a match. While this is being done small knives separate the sheet of veneer into seven bands so that seven long ribbons are produced, the width of each just the length of the match that is to be. Next these ribbons are fed more than one hundred of them at a time into another machine, though first they are Cut into six-foot len trths and the urnrUtv parts are removed. This latter contri vance chops them into match sticks at the rate of thousands a minute, which are afterwards dried in heated drums that revolve. The sticks thus prepared are then sifted to remove all splinters, and the same apparatus that accomplishes this purpose arranges them parallel so as to be conveniently bundled. Finally they are dipped in combustible mixtures, and, although this performance is so elabor ate as to render a detailed description undesirable, it is performed with as much quickness as the process which went before. From the felled tree to the finished lucifers all is done by machinery, the boxing only being executed by hand. It was in 1805 that the notion of chemical matches was first conceived. In that year a French professor introduced for the purpose a small bottle of asbestos, saturated with strong sulphuric acid, into which little sticks of wood coated with sulphur and tipped with a mixture of chlorate of potash and sugar, were to be introduced when a light was wanted. When the wooden splint thus prepared was brought iu contact with the acid in the bottle ignition followed. I In the same year matches tipped with lumps of phosphorus seem to have been known, but they caught fire too readily by spontaneous combustion to render them very desirable for household use. An improvement was introduced in 1823, when equal ports of sulphur and phos phorus were melted together in a glass tube, which was securely corked. When a light was desired a small stick was poked into the tube and a particle of mixture withdrawn on the end of it. On exposure to the air the substance caught lire spontaneously. The first really practicable friction matches were made by an English apothe cary named Walker in 1827 He coated splints of cardboard with sulphur and tipped them with a mixture of sulphate of antimony, chlorate of potash and gum Each box, holding eighty-four matches and sold for twenty-five cents, contained also a folded piece of glass paper, which was to be pressed together while the match was drawn through it. Three years later another ingenious person named Jones, in London, patented the idea of making a small roll of paper, soaked with chlorate of potash and sugar at one end, with a thin glass globule filled with strong sulphuric acid attached at the same point. When the sulphuric acid was liberated by pinching the globule it acted upon the chlorate of pot ash and sugar so as to produce fire. It was not -until 1833 that the phor pliorus friction match was first introduced on a commercial scale, and improve ments rapidly followed, which have pro duced the fire-making article as it is sold by the billions of boxes to-day. For a long time the phosphorus, which has al ways been the most important ingredient, was found a perilous thing to deal with it occasioned multitudinous accidents, and was also the cause of widespread disease in the factories. This complaint was of a most dreadful character, caus ing decay of the jawbones of operatives; but it has been found that ventilation and cleanliness do away with it. Owing to the danger of fires from the explosion of matches, the “safety”, variety has grown much in favor of late years, the phosphorus neecssary for ignition being combined with the mixture applied to the surface of the box, instead of forming part of the tipping substance of the splints themselves. L Wax matches, so-called, are manufac- State of Wik Veml tured chiefly in Italy and Great Britain. They are made by drawing strands of fine cotton thread, twenty or thirty at a time, through melted stearine, with a small admixture of paraffine. The wax hardens quickly upon the threads and the long tapers thus produced are smoothed and rounded by pulling them through iron plates perforated with holes of the desired size. Finally, the tapers are cut into match lengths and dipped. In France the making of matches is a monopoly of the Government, which farms out the privilege at a large figure, the result being that it costs much more to strike a light in that country than it does elsewhere. When *st is considered how old the world’s civilization is, it seems surpris ing that man should have only so very recently learned how to make fire easily. The primitive flint-and-steel ipethod is but of the last generation, and that does not appear so very far ahead'of friction with wood. It is not astonishing, on the whole, that savages should commouly suppose that fire really exists iu wood and stone, since it is from those every day materials that they procure a portiou of Prometheus’s precious theft from heaven. Washington Star. WISE WORDS. Little troubles kill little men. People live for what they hope for. Sometimes a good well has a very poor pump. Self-conceit is harder to cure than cancer. There is nothing meaner anywhere than a lie. It takes fire to bring out the fragrance of the incense. How easy it is to feel big in the pres ence of a dwarf. It is the cowardly dog who is always showing his teeth. It is human nature to hate people who show us that we are little. All the philosophy in the world has never made anybody better. To find pleasure in wicked thoughts is as wicked as to commit wicked deeds. The man who has learned to love people he doesn’t like is on the right road. The love that never speaks until it does it on a gravestone doesn’t mean much. There can be no greater torture than to be conscious of imperfections in our selves. Romance is one thing, but making an honest living and paying your debts is another. More men would be rich if they were not afraid to trust their wives with the care of their money". It won’t help your own crop any to sit on the fence and count the weeds in your neighbor’s field. Lifting on somebody else’s burden is the be3t thing in the world to do to make your owu lighter. The best way to get rid of the blues is to try to push the clouds away from the windows of other people. “Blessed are the merciful.” Don’t forget that when you have a mortgage on the home of a poor widow. Life is real, life is earnest, but with the thermometer at ninety-eight degrees in the shad 3it is a great deal easier to sit still than it is to go out in the sun and say so. —lndianapolis ( Ind .) Ram's Horn. Water Too Much for a Mob. Right in San Francisco to-day lives a man who was a ringleader of a mob in Tucson, Arizona, that was foiled in a most peculiar way in an attempt to lynch a prisoner who was charged with murder ing a prospector. Court was in session at the time and the prisoner was confined in a cell in the Tucson court house, through the main entrace of which was the only way of access to the jail from the street. An adjournment tad been taken for the day and, as it happened; the only man left at the court house was the janitor, a slow, methodical old fellow named Hand. Rumors had been circu lated for several days that an attempt would be made to lynch the prisoner re ferred to, but as no demonstrations had been made the sheriff had grown care less, and had removed the guard. Just about the dusk of the evening in ques tion, the old janitor, w'ho was enjoying a smoke on the court house steps, saw a mob approaching, and in an instant real ized its meaning. Slowly removing hia pipe from his mouth, he laid it carefullj aside and stepped into the corridor of the buildiug. A section of fire hose stood near, and deliberately unreeling it, he screwed it on to the hydrant and ad justed the nozzle. He stood there in readiness, and when the leader of the mob reached the doorway he turned the water on full force. Owing to the great elevation of the reservoir the pressure is enormous, and the stream as it struck tha leader staggered him. He hesitated and turned to face his companions. That settled it, and before they could recover from their surprise every man in the mob was drenched from head to foot. The stream seemed to increase in force and volume, and one after another the would be lynchers fled. In five minutes not one of them could be seen in any direction, and when the sheriff put in an appearance old Hand had reeled up the hoee and was again seated on the steps smoking away as if nothing had happened. —San Frajicitco Call . TRENTON, GA., FRIDAY. SEPTEMBER 4,1891. THE WIDE WORLD. GENERAL TELEGRAPHIC AND CABLE CULLINGS Of Brief Items of Interest From Various Sources. Rev. Mr. Spurgeon is reported as rap idly legaining his health. Census Commissioner Porter received Tuesday the last card, showing the exact number of people in this country. The card showed G 2,622,360. Dispatches of Tuesday say that violent gales of wind, accompanied by furious rainstoims, continue to sweep over Great Britain and Ireland. A cablegram frt m St. Petersburg, Russia, says: It is ofiicially announced that the Imperial bank has been em powered to make a temporary issue of notes to the amount of 25,000,000 roubles. A London cablegram of Monday says: The cashier of the Bank of England de clares that there is no truth in the rumoi being circulated to the effect that the bank had been robbed of a very large sum of money. A dispatch of Monday from Washing ton says: It is estimated at he treasury department that there has b< en an in crease of over $6,000,000 in cash holdings since August Is?, representing a decrease of the public debt to that amount, ac cording to the old form of debt state ments. A Lf ndon cablegram of Tuesday, says: Austrian and German newspapers con tinue their excited discussion of the Dar danelles question. While they profess not to believe the report that Turkey has yielded to Russia, they declare that if the report is true it might induce most terrible complications for all Europe. A Paris cablegram of Bunday says: Agents of the Chilean congressional pftrty have received an official dispatch from Santiago, saying that the congres sional party is in control of the capita!; that Balmaceda fled Friday night, and that the country is tranquil. Buenos Ayres dispatches say that Balmaceda resigned in favor of General Baquendo, A special dispatch from Pertle Springs, Mo., says: The subtreasury and loan schemes were rejected by the Missouri Alliance convention by a vote of eight to four. The demands adopted by the con vention are the Ocala platform with the the exception of the land loan and sub treasury clauses, which were remanded to sub-unions to decide upon. George Moerlein, vice president of the Moeilein Brewing Company, the richest concern of the kind in Cincinnati, died Monday morning of pneumonia. On ac count of the old age of his father, Chris tian Moerlein, his son George had prac tical of the immense business of the firm- He was also president of the Georgia Granite Company, and reaped a large in come from this source. Assistant. Secretary Crounse at Wash ington, has issued a circular to customs officers as follows: “In ail cases of seiz ures of spirituous liquors made an account of violations of the customs laws in states wherein local laws forbid the public sale of spirituous liquors, collectors will here after hold the articles seized and report each case to this department for such action as will not contravene local stat utes.” At a conference at Leeds, Monday, ol delegates from the various labor union organizations of Great Britain, represent ing 50,000 workmen, a motioil to form a federation of unions of skilled and un skilled workmen was approved. Subse quently a committee was appointed to organize the federation. Unions com prising a membership of 116,000 men have already announced their adherence to the new movement. A dispatch from Geneva says: Switz erland was startled Monday morning by another serious railway accident—the third within a few months. This time an express train entering the railroad sta tion at Zurich, the capitol of the canton, of that name, dashed into a train that was being shunted in order to let it pass. Four of the passenger cars of the train that was being shunted were wrecked and many passengers injured. Fire broke out in Winnemucca, Nev., Sunday in an unknown manner and spread with great rapidity. The water works failed utterly, and every building in the line of the fire except one was de stroyed. The total loss will be $190,000; insurance $60,000. The principal losers are Levy & Cos., general merchandise, $75,000; insurance $40,000, J. Sch midt, shoe store and residence, $42,000; no insurance/ Masonic hall, $20,000; in surance $12,000. DEATH IN THE MINES. An Explosion of Fire Damp Kills Many Miners. A London cablegram says: An explo sion took Monday morning in Malaga colliery, near Bedminster, Somersetshire. A large number of miners w r ere at work in the mine at the time of the disaster. A dull, rumbling sound underground, followed by a cloud of coal du%t issuing from the shaft'first announced that some terrible accident had happened. An ex ploring party at once began the work of investigation. They a fire damp explosion of the most serious na ture had occurred, and that they had already found four dead miners. The bodies of these unfortunate men were then hauled to the surface. A moment or so later four other miners, all serious ly injured, were brought out of the mine, and it was announced that many others were known to be either dead or serious ly injured. TRADE REVIEW. Report of Business of Past Week by Dunn & Cos. li. G. Dunn & Co’s, review of trade for w'eek ended August 29th, says: Spec ulation in breadstuffs has broken down. The failure to export at more than about sl.lO for wheat has administered a cor rective which this trade greatly needed. The threatened withdrawal of the crop , by the Farmers’ Alliance amounts to so little that receipts were 11,400,000 bush els for last week, reported agaitlst 4,000,- 000 for the corresponding week last year, while receipts of other grain slightly decreased. Money is moving rapidly to the interior, but the treasury has been strengthening itself, adding $2,800,000 to its gold for the week and taking in $900,000 more treasury notes than it has put out. The official announcement that all 4| per cent bonds not offered for ex tension on September Ist will be paid on demand, promises a large addition to the available currency after the first of next month. Meanwhile foreign news is compara tively unimportant, though the rate of foreign exchange has declined during the week and the prospect of gold im ports becomes brighter. Exports of wheat for the week are about six times those of last year, though se.uewhat less than a year ago for flour, and much less for corn. The price of corn declined 5 cents for the week, though oats rose one cent uer bushel. Crip prospects are in all respects exceed ingly bright, and reports of injury by frost do not appear to affect any consid erable proportion of the crop, There iB every reason to suppose that the yield of wheat will be much larger than 544,000,- 000 bushels, estimated by the agricul tutal department, though a yield no greater would leave 200,000,000, bushels for export. Cotton has advanc ed three-sixteenths on account of reports of injury to the crop in some parts of the South. The market for iron shows somewhat larger sales and better demand. The great corner in india rubber has collapsed. London bankers, who were induced to assist Vienna having de manded further margins in vain, and sold a large part of their holdings, so that the price dropped from 85 to 64 cents. The enormous crop coming forward, and the refusal of American manufacturers to buy, crushed the combination exactly as was anticipated. In the boot and shoe trade some increase in orders is observed, and, while coal is weak, there is a better feeling in the market. MRPORTS FROM THE CITIES. Trade is better at BosJm. Business at Cleveland shows some gfmi over last year and at Cincinnati a fair improvement in groceries; at Chicago receipts of wheat are increased four fold, and an increase is seen in flour, cheese and in the sales of dry goods, clothing A heavy increase is seen in trade at St. Louis -im proved at Kansas City, and at lis and St. Paul, harvest prospects being of the brightest. At Nashville the gro cery trade is better, but other business is only fair, and very little improvement is seen in Memphis. While trade in cotton is sliglitly improved at New Orleans and Galveston, prospects are favorable. At Savannah rain for three weeks has affect ed the crops and at Jacksonville business is dull. ’ Business failures occurring throughout the country during last week number for the United Stages 204, Canada twenty two;.total 226 against 216 last week. PEFFER SAYS NOT. He Denies that Missouri is Against the Sub-Treasury. A Topeka dispatch of Tuesday says: Senator Peffer, denies that the sub-treas ury scheme was defeated by the Missouri alliance and says: “The Missouri Alliance has done the correct thing. The sub-treasury scheme is a proposition for the people to decide* and they will be right. The sub-treasury advocates had enough votes in the convention to have carried the plan, but they disappointed the politicians by allowing sub alliances to settle the question. The sub-treasury scheme was not defeated. It was simply referred to sub-alliances. Had it been a convention of democrats or republicans with a majority, they would have fastened their ideas on the people and the people would have been com pelled to submit. The action of the Missouri convention will result jn delay, but the alliance states will all have acted on the sub-treasury plan in time for the campaign of 1892, and I think the Cin cinnati platform will be practically the one on which the campaign will be fought by the people’s part v.” THE REGULATION STYLE. The Cashier Covered aud the Cash Gathered Up. A Kansas City, Mo., dispatch says: A daring and successful bank robbery took place at Cordora, a small station on the Chicago and Alton railway near Iligginsville, Lafayette county Monday. Cordera i* a small town, and the America bank, a branch of the Iligginsville bank, of the same name, is a small bank. It has only two regular employes—cashier and bookkeeper. Tne bookkeeper was out on business at 2.30 o’clock in the afternoon, when two men rode up to the bank aud dismounted, walked into the bank, shut the door and locked it before the cashier noticed what was going on. One of the men covered him with a revolver, while the other went through the bank. He secured only $690 in currency, repuiseming the receipts of Monday and a small balance which was not included in Saturday’s remittance to the parent bank at Iligginsville. The pair escaped. THROUGH DIXIE. NEWS OF THE SOUTH BRIEFLY PARAGRAPHED Forming- an Epitome of Daily Happening-s Here and There. A special of Saturday from Quanali, Tex,, says h fire Saturday afternoon de stroyed twelve blocks of business houses on Public square, in that city, causing a loss of $70,000, with $32,000 insur ance. Charcoal furnace No. 20, of the Woodstock lion Company, at AnnistoD, Ala., burned Saturday morning betweeu 2 and 3 o’clock. The loss is about thirty thousand dollars, with $26,300 insurance. This furnace was built in 1883, and was the pioneer industry of AnnistoD. It will be rebuilt this fall. Mrs. Julia Fillmore Harris, last sur vivor of a family of eight brothers and sisters, one of whom was Millard Fill more, thirteenth president of the United States, died Sunday in San Francisco, California, at the residence of her son, Charles Harris. She was born in 1812, and moved to California in 1872, from Minnesota. A dispatch of Saturday from Austin, Texas, says: “The board of education has granted certificates to twenty-one Sisters of Charity to teach in the free public schools of Texas. This is anew feature, and is in accordance with the late ruling of the attorney general, that they are entitled to certificate as long as ihey do not teach doctrines of their church in the schools. At 2 o’clock Saturday morning fire broke out in the Raleigh, N. C., ice fac tory. It was well under way before it was discovered. The loss is estimated at SIO,OOO, and is entirely covered by insurance. There are good reasons for the belief that that the fire was of in cendiary origin. The machinery was not in operation, the factory being shut down for repairs. A Netv Orleans dispatch says: Secre tary Hester of the New Orleans cotton exchange, desires the statement made in response to numerous telegrams and let ters received from all parts of the south asking for estimates of the cotton crop of 1890—’91, that a full detailed state ment of the crop will be issued on the morning of the Ist or 2d of September; that he has never yet made or assisted in making an estimate of the cotton crop, and will not do so now, especially as the time is so close for the promulgation of the actual figures. The regular monthly cotton crop re poit for the Memphis, Tenn., district, which embraces west Tennessee, north Mississippi, north Arkansas and north Alabama, issued Monday by Hill, Fon taine & Cos., says: “Since our July report the cotton crop throughout the section has sustained a damage of per cent, principally from drought,shedding, rust and blight. At this period the prospects of the yield for the district indicates? a very slight decrease from last year. Picking throughout the district will not become general until September 25th, and in Arkansas will be delayed until October Ist. UNCLE SAM’S FINANCES. Debt Statement for August—The Redemption of Bonds. A Washington dispatch of Tuesday says: The debt statement just issued shows the total interest-bearing out standing debt to be $610,629,420; de crease since March 1, 1889, $223,576,- 800; decreasfe during August, $1,091,- 216.60; total debt of all kinds, $1,562,- 236,345.11; total cash in the treasury, $766,602,247.79; net cash balance, $60,- 274,394.95; gold certificates outstand ing, $145,994,350; silver certificates out standing, $324,213,209; currency certifi cates $29,185,000; treasury notes of 1890 (bul ion purchase notes), $59,686,085; Pacific railroad bonds not included in the above amount of per cent, bonds continued at 2 per celt, today, $186,000 making the total to date, $23,408,550. There are also about five hundred thous and dollars more bonds in process of con tinuation. A circular, has been issued extend ing for an indefinite period the privilege of continuing the per cent, bonds at 2 per cent. So far $2,500,000 has been received for redemption, and it is expected that the balance of outstand ing uncontinued bonds, estimated to ag gregate $20,000,000, will be presented for redemption during the next two months. The net amount of gold in the treasury at present to meet this liability is $132,- 471,408, an increase of sl4,Bo3,6BGince the Ist of July, and an increase of $11,358,384 since the Ist of August. Should the entire $20,000,000 be paid in gold, it would not trench on the SIOO,- 000,000 of gold reserved for the redemp tion of legal tender notes. GOVERNOR BROWN Kentucky’s New Chief Execu tive Inaugurated. A Frankfort, Ky., dispatch Says: Governor Brown was inaugurated at noon Tuesday with elaborate and im pressive ceremonies. There were fully twenty thousand peoole present. Gov ernor Buckner, in surrendering his trust to his successor, made a short address, after which the mayor of Frankfort pre sented the new mayor in a few words. Governor Brown’s inaugural was very brief. The oath of office was adminis tered by Chief Justice Holt of the court of “appeals. The inaugural festivities closed with a grand reception and ball Tt isday night. NO. 19. THE JURY’S VERDICT In the Statesville Railway Horror Last Week. A dispatch of Monday from Charlotte, N. C., says: The big wreck near States ville has not yet been cleared up, but it is expected that the work will be gone through with at once. So far no addi tional bodies have been discovered. Parties from the scene say the character of the stench about the wreck indicates that there are more bodies down under the debris. The wounded are still im proving, and it is now certain that all of them will recover. The coroner’s jury completed its inquest Monday morning. The following is the text of the verdict: “The jury find from the evidence and our own personal observation, that the above named (naming the killed) persons came to their death by the wrecking of the train on the Western Nor.h Carolina railroad bridge over Third creek, in Ire dell county. North Carolina, Thursday rnorning, August 27, 1891, said wrecking on the train being caused by loose rail bolts and spikes of the same having been taken out by ome person or persons unknown to the jury, with tools or implements belonging to said railway company, which said tools or imple ments were by gross negligence on the part of said railway company, left in an open shed, accessible to every passerby. We also find that several crossties at and near the breaks in the said railway track, where said loose rail was dis placed. were unsound, and should have been replaced, and that the superstrue ure or bridge was in part defective and unsafe. Further, that the high rate of spo-ed maintained on running trains over this bridge deserves and has t-e censure and condemnation f this jury. THE CROP INJURED. The Recent Cold Snap Caused the Sheding of Bolls. The St. Louis Globe-Democrat priutod special dispatches Sunday from all parts of the cotton-belt, showing that cold weather and worms in Texas and the Mississippi valley states, and excessive rains in the southeastern states, have been disastrous to the cotton crop the past week. Not a single encouruging report comes from Mississippi, the cold, dry weather having caused shedding all over the state, and the appearance of worms seem to be general. The loss is placed all the way from fifteen to fifty per cent. In Louisiana the situa tion is not much better. Arkansas reports are favorable in only four places. The damage by worms at some points is estimated at fifty per cent. The situation in middle and southern Ala bama is about the same. Excessive rains in Georgia and North Carolina have done great damage to the staple, particularly so in Georgia. Reports from the greater portion of Alabama indicate a full corn crop, but a cutting off of cotton of at least twenty-five per cent. Rust has been the destroying element. BALMACEDA OVERTHROWN And Valparaiso in the Hands ol Congressionalists. A San Francisco dispatch . says: The firm of John D. Spreckels & Bro., of this city, received the following cablegram direct from Valparaiso, Chile, Friday afternoon: “Opposition defeated. Val paraiso is in control of the congression alists. ” Another telegram from Washington says: Acting Secretary of State Wharton, also received the following cablegram from Valparaiso Friday night: “Abattle was fought near this city Thursday morn ing. The government forces were badly beaten. Heavy loss on both sides. The city turrendered to the opposition, but is in the hands of admirals of the American German, French and English fleets for good order. No communication with Santiago. The opposition forces are now entering the city.” McCre art, Consu ate, Va! paraiso. THE VICTIMS BURIED. Last Sad Chapter of the Park Place Horror. A New York dispatch says: A long row of black coffins 9tood in front of the morgue Friday morning. On each was a plate with the inscription, “Died August 23, 1891,'’ and the number of the box in which the corspe was placed after being taken from the Park place ruins. The last identification was made Thursday night. Mrs. Kate Barry came to the morgue and identified the body marked No. 29 as that of her husband, William Barry, thirty-five years old. Shortly after 10:30 o’clock thirteen hearses drove up to the gloomy building, and the last awful reminders of the catastrophe were carried off to Evergreen to be buried there in a grave at the city’s expense. KOLB’S SUCCESSOR Has been Appointed and a Law Suit will Result. A Montgomery, Ala., dispatch says: Governor Jones Tuesday addointed Hec tor D. Lane, of Athens, commissioner of agriculture, to serve between the ap pointive term, which Commissioner Kolb is filling, and the first elective term under the law making the office elective, passed by the last legislature. The ap pointment will precipitate a lawsuit. Kolb’s friends stated that the appointee would demand the tmnsfor of the office and that Kolb would refuse, and for -e Lane to resort to quo warranto proceed ings to oust him. Jaimn will have a $.100,000 exhibit at the Worii’s Fair.