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THE WEEKLY CONSTITUTION, TUESDAY. MAY 13.1884- TWELVE PAGES. THE TARIFF. SPEECH OF HON. N. J. HAMMOND L???rrlTtrcA tn it. Sou; or usorMeaUtlv-f. Ttnn- dij. Mir 2, 1884, In Support ol ta, M.rtlion Blil-tto 8i.bJ.ot Husdisd alMrty ul tto nu Msneriy SnppoHcd-Bu. The hoius being in committee; of the whole home on the itata of the union, end hiring under con*Idemtion the bill (H. R. 5693) to reduce im. port duties and war-tariff taxea Mb. Eaton:???I with to read a provision from another eotutltnUon, because it teems to me aome of onr friends here are acting under it: Bic. 8. Congress shall hate power to lap and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises for rev enue necessary to pap the debts, provide for the common defense, and carry on the government of the confederate states??? [Laughter.] But no bounty shall bs granted from the treasu* rp, nor shall any duty or tax on Importation from foreign nation* bo laid to promote or foster any branch of industry. A Member. What is the gentleman reading from? Mr. Eaten???From a hook belonging to the lib rary of congrets called the Weekly Register: and I have read nhat purports to be the eighth section of the constitution of the late so-called confederate stales, and it seem, to me seme of onr friends aro acting under that provision. [Laughter] They seem to have forgotten that this Is Washington, not Montgomery. [Renewed laughter ] I speak in all klndnaes, as they know. I say this, became In that constitution there is no clause authorising congress to promote the "goneral welfare" of the oouutry. In theoonstltuUon of tho United States them is a clause giving congress power to promote, under the enumerated powers, the "goneral wel fare" of he people of the United Buttes, Such a provision la not found in the instrument from which I have Just read, and it seems to mefagato I say I speak In all ktnduess) that mauy of the argu ments which have been nsed on this floor take that constitution as their basis. I do not forget who fought the battle that turned the tide in the revolutionary war. I do not forget that ltwas the bnsbendmen of New England who won the battle of Bennington. I do not forget that when at the battle of Saratoga the commander-in- chief was either stupid, a coward, or drank, one of the three, In his tent, a Connecticut general who had no command led the attack three times and won the battle. A Member-What was his name? Mr Eaton???His name, I regret to lay, was Arnold. My friend from Georgia [Ur. Hammond] laughs. Blr.ho did Ms duty that day when outer men sulked and aknlked I sneak ol him sa a yanked. A Member???And a traitor, Mr Eaton???Yes. mid Urn only one I know of from New England I think X could go to other statea and Ban a great many, [Wrcat laughter and ap- plau.o.] ^ Mr. U.mmond. A surplus of anything is bad. .. hss grown to bo a proverb that "ioo much of evon a good thing ta too much.??? Too much money In the baude ot otto man works many wrongs to society, unless he uses It wtih exceptional good seme. Too much money In thehandsof a govern - ment Is had, and only bad, be came it eaunot bo wisely used. Bpesklug of Ita evils In this oouutry President Jaukaou, in hlseighih massage, said: ???Tho influence of an accumulating surplus upon tho legist, lou of the general government and the statea ill effects upon the credit system ol the conutry, producing dangerous exte.slons and ruinous contractions, fluctuations In the price of property, resb speculations, Idleness, extravagance, and a detcilorauon ol morals, have taught us the Important lessen that any transient mischief wnicb may attend the reduction of our revenue to the nanla of the government fa to bo borne in perefereuoe to an ovetflowlug treasury.??? If that was wtsnt-m In 1S38, with ute then tnsig- ndeaut income of the government, how f-rciblo Is it now? Those who bare observed the course ot affairs here -tor the past lew years bavo aeon this prophecy become htstary- Bpeelfloetloi " be made tn pruve w hat none data deny, Bnt lavish, asraless, avan raosioss appropriation! cannot exhaust onr surplus raven us of a nnndrod millions ot dollars per aunom, aad so strong an ar gnrucut dels it make In favor of tariff reform tha men haverack-a tnelr brains how lodlapesaef this immense income and yat keep the tariff Intact. Naturally. Pennsylvania with her seven hundred and titty million dollars' worth of manuiacturad goods per year, la greatly troubled, In Juty last her republican c.uveuilon rsaolvtd ta keep thu tariff high and distribute the surplua among the statea to uao aa they plaaro DISTBIBtmeH ASIONO Till STATES. In many quarters It waauumaroudotl; but when reflection had op??rai*d Mr. Blaine opposed that plan In-bta letter at KM Novamoer, 18U, published in the Philadelphia Pteav. ills Oral objection to II was mat the amount would be uncertain. ???It may be one million orltmay bs one hundred mill Iona,??? he said, tin urged its a more serious okj so tion that It *ould divide the duttea of .applying ???ute and federal wauls and tempt the represent! Uvea and rcuetotawaiarvo Ihalattatvo (atuntha former. Hentged nothing else on that poll'but that' sucha pa t-ersb ptint war with the w tl b- ingixf bo'h auto audp adoa.";ilut he roreaaw.waar every high protaetlnataimnat have formal!, that the temuta>lon;io make revenue ter distribution among me statea very latge might rosuli In a very low tariff to IncrsaM Importation! and one toms la come. He urged another objection, and hia last, tn these words: ???A third objection to the Pennsylvsnla proposl tion la that it proceeds upon the|usnmption of a Dontluuiag ???' ??? Hassid: extravagance, to many forma ol corruption, and to all manner ??f schemes for getting rid si money A congress assemhlleg with teas of mllllani ul ???nrplua at fta dtapoaalIs very sure to hold aeatloas which would prove pnflilua to tho people and perilous to Ita own members " Having that delivered hits veil ol these univer sally aoovpied troths as to the dangora oi a surplus and mentioned the probability ol the abolition oi tha In'arnal revenue system by a coalition ul Jndge Kelley arid hta protect.oa allies and Mr. Cox and his low tariff alllea. be came to his real aolutlon of the question, lie declared that ???our state and auuloipal taxation la direct. It comet upon tho propeity with crashing loree:??? and showed how eaaily fell a tax cotlve od aa liquor alidad dewn Ute throats of the taxpayer!. Then be asked: Way, rnerctrin:, saau.d oot the states be per- outers have thought the Uetted States should cease to collect tats tax lu order that the staiee m ght have It for their use. But that will not atilt his views. He was so kind to the states that ha feared they would not collect the tax, and to urea that the heat way la for ute Uulted Suites to eolleot It and dlvtda the same among tha states tn propor tion to population. Ha laid: "The machinery of collection la to-day la com plete operation. A bill ol um line! conbl direct the secretary oMbetrteinry to pay the whole nil. ftaalbe small expense of collecUoo, to tho statea and territorlea In the praporilou of tkrfr imputa tion, and to con Una it permanently as part of thalr regular anneal re ream*.' Mr Blaine said ha bad considered the question "very ctrefnlly for several mrmrna, land nad uo??. slbiy overlooked objections which others may aug- gest ??? But be hlatad at do poaalolo ubjecdon. la. deed, he attempted to rapport li while arguing the objection of uncertainty ol amounts, which he urged against tna ennaylvanla plan by laylsg! "An occasional fit: from the national uetanrj would not M valuable. That was proved bv >be distribution of the revenue under tha eel of MM In the presidency ol aeoerat Jackson.??? ???auction or ultra aemocrann anvnomy. ana si naa been so treated by writers, if not carelessly ignor ant, nor earing to dtadaao tna truth. Tha Called sftalae never made any ???gift??? from tha national treawqr to the statea during Jackson's preside: cy The act of 1618 simply loaned tha tor mina to the ???tales subject to call by tha general gov ernment, usd Inal only to gal rid uf greater dan- **10 proof I plaea against Mr Blalaa'i aasertf on tha history. That act waa approved on thakkd of June, MM. It required each state before It could take let stun to authorise seme officer to "pledge tsa faith of tha ante for the safe- keeping and repayaeut thereof, and ptadgs tha faith of tat state receiving the tamo to pay the said money and overy pan B treat, from time to urns, whenever the same shall required by tha secretary ol tha treasury for the purpose of defraying any wants oi the public "IrMsJi eighth aartual meamga in December, Ibid, on the same subject, President Jtckson used tkU Lftnxusx?: ???Tba tacvwtloof nude by as In my annual mts* U|M of lb.9 *r d 1&30 hsv* beta greatly mlsunser* stood. Attest ume ibe great struggle w??ab*gun acair.it that Utlmdlnoiian construction of die comtiiuitoa which sutbortzrs the unlimited ap propriations of U* revenues of tbe union to inter* sal improve menu wfihin Um itatc*. tending to in* real in the hand* and plaea u?? der Um control of (he general government all the prlscipal roada an l can a la of tho coaaftj in violation of atnte right* and la derogation of atate an horlty. At tho a??me time the condition of the man a facia ring interests iru nch u to estate an apprehension that tho du ties on Import! could not. without extensive mis chief, be reauced in teason to prevent tho accu* mnlatlon of a considerable surplus after tho pay ment of the national debt. "la view of the dangers of such a surplus and in preference to its application to internal improve* went*, in derogation o! the right* and powers of the statea, the suggcjiion of au amendment of the constitution to authorize its distribution waa made. It waa an alternarive for what waa deemed greater evils???a temporary reeort to relieve an over* burdened treasury until the government could, without a sudden and destructive revuialou in tho business ol the conn.ry, gradually return to the just principle of raising no more revenue from the people in taxes than is nccesaaiy for ita economi cal support. Even that alternative waa not spoken of but lu connection wtih au amendment of tho constitution. , . ..... "Mo ttmpjraiy inconvenience can justify tho ex ercise cf a prohibited power, or a power not granted by that luauument: and it was from a conviction that the power to distribute eveu a temporary sur plus of revenue la of tnat character tnat it waa aug seated only in connection with an appeal to the source of all legal power lu the general government, the state* whlcn have established It* No such ap peal haa been taken; aud in my opinion a dWirlbu tion of the surplus revenue by congress, cither to the states or to the people, is to be coustdered aa among the prohibitions of the cousiitutiou. as already Intimated, my views have undergone a Change, so far as to be convinced that no alteration ol the cousiliutlou in tub reaped Is wise or expo- Later in the same mouth (to wit, on the 21??t Do centner, 1830). hr, caihuuu, lu discussing tho dc* posit law, said: ??? One point was perfectly ettabllshed by the pro ceedings of the last session; that when there waa an unavoidable surplus it ought not to be loft lu the treasury or In the deposit banka but should bo depeMted with the states. It was not only the most safe but the most just that the statea *hou d have the use o! the money lu preference to the banks. This, in (act, was the great leading priuci pie which lay at Uie foundation of the act of bat sesslou. He considered it uo loss fully established that there ought to be no surplus 11 it could be avoided. The money belonged 10 those who made it, and government nad no righs to exact it unices necessary. (Calhoun's Works, volume 2 pegs 672 ) Bat it may be claimed that thess are the words of southern democrats opposed to high tariff,iuternal improvements by the general government in the suites, and to the deposit banks. 1 oall to witness Mr. Webster, the great whig expounder, he who claimed that internal improvement* had brought lae far-off western settlers so near to the *a?? that he could almost ' see the smoke of their cabins and hear tho ???uokes of their axes." On the 81st of May, 183d. Mr. websier Introduced iuto the senate a proposition for the distribution of the surplus revenue, aud spoke in its support He advocated tho depssit in state banks and to lucrease their number to get rid of the "dlurtsting uncertainty which now hangs over everything???* aud wulcn culminated lu the terrible financialcrash of 1887. HecanedUlha"unparaUel??d pressure for meaey which U now destroying atd breaking dowu the ltdmtry aod even the courage of the commercial community." rip then spoke npon hie second proposition, to distribute eu In one year lustead of dividing it into ??????veral years, as rohowi: "I have already observed that in my opinion the mensuro should be limited te eno slnglo dlvklou, one dlsirluud ;n of ihe surplus money ut the treas ury. ??? ?? ?? 1 thie kit safest to trekt the present slate of things as extraordinary, os being the result of aedde* lai causes or causes tho recurrence ol which hereafter we cannot calculate upon with certainty. There would be insuperable abjeodoos is my opinion to a settled pracuc# of dlsuioutlsg revenue among the stales, it would be a strange operation of ihlnus, aad its effects upon our system ??? e feared." i between other money into# treasury nua tnepro * he said he would willingly 'regsidlng the pablio lauds as a fand beionglug to all the states." But rather than take money Irum tho treasury for distribution among the states, be sold: ???1 have no hesitation in declaring now that tho income from customs must be reduced, it must be reduced even at the hasard of aome branches of manufacturing industry, Oteause tnat in my opin ion wuuid be a less evil than the extraordinary and dangerous state sf things lu which the United matte should be luuud laying and collecting taxes for the purpose ol distributing them when col lected am-iug the states of the union." Here these greal soul* have "risen from the dead" to aeuouuce (he pretended precedent and the per version ol history. Tina would soem enough; but we live lu "perilous times " We have seen a stats bought during au election: wo have seen aevoraf states bought slier an election. But here Isa prop ositlou to orlbe all the states ana all tho influeace of property and monopoly in all the suttee by one tuogelflcmt offer before au election. The devil, when he took our Hauler "up into au exceeding ntgh meunutiu" aud showed him "all the kisgrious ol the world and the glory el them," had doubllose eonstdered the mailer "very carefully fur several months" and saw no obj*odou to the unholy wor ship woich he craved. But the Savior did. And if there be tInue left la the people they will adopt Bis language and cry oat. "Uet taco hence. Satan f" That i may do no Injustice, Mr. BlaUe's words mo qaoted. lie showed how by such diminution M??Ue wuuid be entirely iellovcd aud Pennsylvania almost entirely relieved from srnio taxation, and by way of perorauon ho concluded: "States that have been so oppressed by debt as to be tempted or driven to repudittlou would be ea ablcd te regain their credit, aud every commnuiiy from ocean to coean would in one form or another realize that burdens oi taxation were la some ae?? gico ameiioraied." He did not mention that thereby tho present tar iff might remain uniformed Thu no know would be uudursiood by the manufacturers of the east and sMt Mr We extraordinary W-ueb the United llates should be found laying *uu colliding taxes for ike purpota of dlstriba- ling them when oollecte among thu atatsa of the union," bat never creamed of this enormity. Do not the rich, "roaudlug their millions" Invested In untexed United States bonds pay llule enough cow to tnelr states for tho protection of their per sous and property? Most the whole govern ment be perverted from its conmltutional purpuwa V* lighten their bmdeuaend keep the load upon tbs property 1??ss cormimeistf food aud clothing? Shall ??? nsdust 06 Wiped from the dirty bonasef thecarpoi- bat government* to bo ready for their port of the ???polls? bhppoee the plan adopted a. d the states wining to pay the repudiated bones? Wu a tinea? ppose he people Uro of the haielul "machiuory ui euln clou" which Mr Blaine nay* is "in cum- a I** to opera ion," aad destroy that macblucry. Whattnea? 5 the states no longer solf-rellsnt but de- upon the botilr, the whisky butt o fur* msh-d by a ocntr*i|zed empire. For a time they might feel "o'er all t??e ills of Hfe vicioriuua." Bat aow long would that )a??t? What a state ot hfo would teat be thu dally food of which depends upon Hie coai. gee of irade, ihe caprices of taste for s roag drink, tho votee of a coograstl No, this ~'ao will nut do; another remedy must be found _ say must be found, because with this surplus of revenue are linked all toe dangers before mention ed and surplus taxation bseldts. TAXATION. In the eighth me*sage of Jackson, from which 1 have quoted, be said: "the safest and simplest mode of obviating all tbedifBcultlee which nave been mentioned is to collect oiny reveuae enough to moot the wauts of the government, and let Uie p *iptof keep the bat sues of uielr property ia tnelr bauds to bo used for their own prefln" Asd in fus farewell oddr^si. In 1837, he said: "Tae tsx??* which i ???" ' The Uailed Hint**??? Uys upon comm*rco???being concealed from the real payer lu the price of the article, Ui >y d > not tor ani y attract the attention ot the people as ???mailer sums demanded from them;dlrtcuy;by the ttxga heier. Bui the ux Imposed on goudsen* hauces by so much the price of the r .mmodiiy to tae oorunnur. and as m??ny of these dudte are Im poeeu on antdee of uecasslty which are dally used by the great body of the psople, the money ralit-d by these imports is drawn from their pockets." In his sixth annual metaage. In Deesmber, 1874, ???peaking of the tariff. Osueraf Grant questioned whether the law did not often result In "the direct lorn of the treasury and to the prejudice of the lit* teres is of honest Importers aad taxpayers." In bis last annual message Mr. Auour a??li: "Thereart cogent reasons, however, why the na tional indebtedueftsshould not be thus rapidly ex tinguished. Cruel amung them 1* the fact th*t only by txcetsive taxation la such rapidity atUla- ???bla.??? Tnat this is rot simply the language of high offi cials cfboih psnieebutlhe comnuin understand- i*g of ute country, I make two quotations, from the leading demecratic paper of Georgia, to-wit, Tbb L'ojfvrmrrioa, puollihed at Atlanta. The disc Was on the lo.o of May, 1888, la theee words: "There is no room to doubt ute disposition of the voters ??f the oouutry with respect to the tariff They are In favor of cuttiog down the e nor mo ns taxes, which, lu tha home of "protection," ai% wrung from the people fer the benefit of the mo nopolists, and they are ready to Indorse and rap pbri any party that Ukee a bold Stand against this Infamous system of robbery." The other wis oa the 2d of Jane, 1888, and said: ' Mr. McDonald advocates In a letter recently published a tariff within tha limits of tha consti tution, and he adds the belief that the pobUe mind wilt never he sadsfled 'with any tariff that haa not for its leading purposes the raising of revenue for the government.' The sentiment of the south Is practically solid in support of the potky that these eminent northern leaders (Tllden. Hewitt, Mot Donald, and Hendricks) unhesitatingly rappsrt; aud It is therefore difficult to see how It la pomible rocs not nndtnund the drift of pnbile sen The more light the people gst.on the tariff ques tion, the more the subject Q discaseed In congress aod oot of congress, the sooner will we secures Joat and equitable and constitutional system of taxation." The democratic party alone can right this wrong or tho republican party has brought St about aod will not aid. It but binders tho reform. But many of onr friends say, wait uutil wo axe In pom* teadou of the government. When will that be? It is not certain that wo will even have tho hour?? in the next congress. It is certain that wo wi ll not have tho next tenate. But suppose we should have both and also the president. May our ma jority not come from tliefprotected'states? May the president not bo fmm one of them? Hhall tho large democratic majority lu this house confess totne people that It dare not now even originate a bill for Mtelr relief ?j Verily one feels like Mking tbe questions sf Patrick Henry, which, aa ichoolboys, we were fond of declalmlug: . A . . "Shall wo gather streugth by Irresolution ana inaction? 8u*U we acquire tbe moans of effectual rrelstanoe by lying suptuely upon our backs and hugging tho deiutive phantom of hoi??o until our enemies shall have hound us baud and foot. AU auree as to tho evU, but nit do not agree aa to the remedy. Sums say, repeal the internal rev enue system and thereby rid us of its hordo oi of* Hears aud offeualve machinery. Others cornea a that such repeal, however desirable, would be but a part al aud temporary remedy; others that It would uot do to mako strong drluk cheap and keep bread high, dome especially fear cheap whisky lu the southern states day others, yet sack repeal should uot be thought of uutil a?? least the millions of taxesou disUNbd spirits aud malt liquors are collected. To this Mr. Kelley replied that he would repeal now, without collecting a tax, be causo tbe corn now made Into whisky cou.d build up the growing industry of making glucoso sugar. But Louisiana cries out that the people sbsuld have pure sugar made of CAue aud uot tho bogus sugar of coru. Au eager eastern manufacturer says mako sugar as free at the coffee which it sweetens. Mr. Kelley would advise an increase of duriertsoastodlmluikb importations and destroy revenue. ??? . But the farmers of tho west, with a surplus of gralu aad meat, and tho manufacturers, with a surplus of goods for salo, assert that prohibition wuuid dnstroy their markets. Borne say. increase the free list, but none agree as to which cf the -4.000 articles taxed shall bu freed. Mr. Hewitt, of Now York, wonld make free all "raw material." But uo two mnn agree as to what is "raw male-rial," and some suspect that that would break down tho ?? rowing Industrie* of tho south iu isou and cotton y helping that capital to r??r id the east which should bo cariled to our mines aud tho cotton belt There are dlffioultios in the way, many and serious, but they aro not so mauy nor oosorlousbut that careful attention aud au houc??t purpose to do the work will suooeed. Mr Chatrmau, the place left for me being so near the oud of tbe general debate 1 will uet reiterate general doctrines already so forcibly put, but re- , pty to the main objections to this bill aud to somo of the points made by its opponents. Homo of onr friends disapprove of a horizontal reduction. We have had a horizontal reduction oi 1- per cent in each of the years 1883, 1836. 1817, and 1789, aud of 20 per cent in 1612. We increased horizontally 20 per cent in 1885 and a 20 per oeut decrease horizontally was made iu 1888. lu 1871 we reduced 10 per cent, and In 1876 m creased 10 per cent, all horizontally. A horizon tal scale is often applied to wages; why not to taxes? It might in some instances work unequally, but these, as well as all otber lnstaucse of wrung, can be and will bo righted by amendment white the bill is under coiuddurallon by sections. This horizontal plan is therefore usual, and it Is si rapid a pedal cases of hardship can be better taken care of under it than under a bill specifying ovorr item lu the tariff lists, because it will giro more ttmo to consider those sptclal instant#*. Such a bill bvisg shorter allows more Umo for other mat ters of public aud private Importance. And li is duubtful whether we would have tlmo to pass a bill in any other shapo. We tried it last congress, aud after spending weeks iu its dlfcusaion had to take a bill originated lu tho senate and pass it in thu house without its details having eveu been read by the representatives of tho people. IIowaver, its form aud contents are ouly inggestol Dy a com mittee of this house, and are emiUeu to no more weight man the reported bills from that committee should have. We are of course at perfect liberty to alter or amend os we please. All that our piety hes agreed to do Is to make aa honest effort to paw some bill which will reduce somewhat the surplus revenue and somewhat more the burdens of taxa tion. Upon that wo have agreed with far greater unanimity thau is usual upon public questions of auy unusual luteted, and havo aright to expect tne c??-<ipuration of all whose absolute sense of duty does not compel them to hold bock. Seeing that tne democraiio party was in earner in tnls matter the proicctieulst press began with one accord to put ob.Htacles lu tho pith to prevent evou a dlscmslnu of tho bill. They tried to alarm the maiufaciurlug staios by a cry that we were about to inaugurate free trado. They knew the bill aimed at no vuckthitg. They had read the speech of Mr. Bandad ou tho tariff commission, ol Slay 6,1882 la which he Mud: "lu my Judgment tbe qussilen of free trade will not arise practically lu this country during our lives. If ever, so io??g as we contluao to raise reve nue by duties ou imports, and therefore a dtacur- ???Ion of that is au absaluto wasto of time. * * ??? Ho, too, with freo trade, there i?? hardly a mau lu pubilo life who advooates it pure and simple." And to impress that upon the public mind ho spoke ot four representative democratic tariff re formers as follows: ' Let mo cull a few eentsnces from recent debates to show the fesiivg on this subject. Hountor Jnmrs B. Bsck *arn: ???Not>*dy *Ak%or expects'his congrew free trade or tear down custom abuse*. ??? * ??? iu adjusting taxation on imports wltu a view only to obialn revenue or 'for reveuue only,' we urvor thought of dlscrlmlcadfigagainst American indus tries, or of depriving them el tbe lueicestol Pent fis or preu*don a proper revenue tariff would afford." Heustor Bayard says: "The pow<r to tax by laying dalles upon Im ports may be so exercised as to do wuat it has done overdue* the foundation of the government, aud that Is to give an advantage equivalent to tho amount oi tho tax to the American producer or manufacturer over hti forriga com- G titers in the same line of production or man a lac- re and this becomes hit protection." senator Cokn. of Texas says: "As an inevitable consequence domestic manu facturers and produoersof tee articles upon which such revenue import duties are laid are to that extern protected agalust foreign oeuipeliUon." Mr. Carlisle, of Keniucky.ln suostance niter am* thus cuuUments. So they all say, with rare exception. The real question presented and whteh is in controversy, Is tee revision of taxes, so we may hold tho control of the markets of the world for the teuefit of our excess o! productions over the home consumption. They uext erica out that we favored direct taxa tion. No man In el'her house of congress had hinted et auy thought of direct taxation. In that some speech Mr, (Uadall had said: "Who favors direct ux? No one. ??? ??? ??? No- voted the sums el tnO'iey it new docs, .if not for Unpropsr. at least f*r qu-sttenable purpose*." Thai was the ouly eaggeeilon In its fever which X recall sl-oe 1 have been lu ootigress. The platform of ihe democratic party in 1810 unong other things, declared: ' Ketoivod, Thai Justice aad sound policy forbid tho federal goveramerit to fetter one kronen of Industry to the detriment of another, or to cherish the lutcreata uf wee po tlun to the Injury of another portion of our uouairy." Aud these words were repeated in everr demo- Cfitla platform up to and including teatoUMd Sot hoe too party ??v-r uiteieJ any ductrine lnooa ???'.stout with that resolution, Even the Ohio plat form, houca.ly interpreted, is not inconsistent with that rendu dorr. Mr NcKInliqr. In hi. .pvrab, rold w. would Ux to. sud ouir.o Ho ku.w iUsi bod* w.ro msdu Ireu lu tbe a.muwsun UrlRio! 1618 sud 1867 sud to keel lu IM set ot lurobd, 18.1 'Ibn .uc used, cuffee bum 4 la 6 cenu ??er pound sud las from 15 is XI osiiU Mr pound, fij tbe as . ol Au.um sud Utcemb.r, 1M1 and ibst ol 1883 sud w i.iuslu.d ???Id <1*7, 187J Belore lbs .oi of 184. irs wss i.ked s?? ulgb s??6! oeuu p??r pouud woes not .nlpu-d in Am.rtcuiv.smlA ladivldusl. bsvs fstored ifeu return to ui. poilov of usla, Hum. bat ariib.r ptrtj b.srodwfra't. Mr McK l.!.; uld Ibst Memo a committee .4 a democratic iioa.c m reported onr par 17 nuu bowcouod.rsd. John Bbermin, um- rutn7 ut lb. uea.ur7, npt.udiy w rucummeudcd andb7 parit7of r aaonlafltalspari7 muMMaoaon. rtd.sud Nor ha. lb. oea.ocr.dc pan, isnoied all cnusldora'Joi.of.paslalalaaia. lib*. nnfformi7 dlanlmm.Uid boiwaeo Inxurlr. and lha common rappjeanf lb. hum of our pco.lo, favutlu, ibo poor rather than tbs rleb. Bat to relnra. FsUlns to provsnt dlroowlon. sa spunsl ns. M.d. to pr.Jndioc. sud nurwl (uo milder word nil! Ml rb. uaib) sad Uw bill denounced bribe New York American Promotion- 1.1 u die' Jolf D.vls bill. Tbs Nstloul IMpabll- ou of iblsutiv par. it ibui: ??? Harms fillno lo Hiool lb, union to plcosi, lha iuibem froa-mdera, ibsdUcIplmof '.'.lb run and uaufl-miloo. propow to sisrra tbu northern mccnanlct ana laborers." IbU remark excite, naucht but s plsararable pllj???pl:> hr tbs mu ubo tbu. rassis at on. of me bnxbUnt names mat has tbous lu Amertcsn blttorr, sud plessuia ro see .a ovoooeut reduced loeueb aitsila; and.Mr. Cu.lrm.u,l nave been mot tilled tod.r to me tbs dl.1l.4ulined gaatieioeu fromCobBtodeul, Mr. Eaton,arsu In expert- ???net older than <e li seen In lean, a mu of broad vise, and (enerou. Irapdie.., In hit advu- c??7 of a doubtful dlamat from bi. portr, .wop 10 taXeoomfort br Hke tw.dd e. He read fr.m tbe coai'JinUoa of the ooof???derate luiea-ln order b> do what? Tn prove that tala tariff bill area wron,7 Not ats'l, but to excite Borib.ro prtjodloaatala.i tha Math, became it fumlabu demecrailo repra- ???vnUlleM favarloc Urll7 reform. Mr. Salon???lb. (ontieau baa no rfchl to nuke that statement* Mr Hammond???I know It la trot. An7one bnt a fool woaid kaou tnat. Uentlemea can not con. aaal their purpoam from people who nave brains The, ounotconceal tbam from Uo worklrrf peo ple of Ulaaonolty. Toer read aod tbe j ulak. 1 wUb to make .remark or two .boot Out con federal* con. Halloo. I: wet almo.1 la lu ntj word, tbacon* Jtnlion of tha Ualiel BUiaa. Tha reaoJQtloo noder which It waa fruaed was Ibai. balsa aalUflad wfu tbe form of (overaauat from whlcn ??e teoeded, onr committee tbeald report s coatdtauon a< nearlp u practicable ibe uc. Thai conidutlon pmerredthe peculiar I nulla- lion 01 slavery heotnu that war the property of tbarouth It leoetheDed tho term of president from four to *lx ye.r., bec.uro ibo framer. of the Inatrument bed seen, an you have rtvn auil r.a wo ;et see, theoorroptlon which may be exerted for ibo ???ccnrt.K of a nccond term, in |he promotion of purity that Icurument undertook to cut off iuoh a source ot corruption. With tew exception. I recall none other but thoro the gentleman Irum Connecticut [Mr. Eaton] btu tmJ.y brought before the houto. They dta ??? Wipeout??? "lb.general welfare" cl.uie, for un der It >11 the >obi, all Ibe corruption, all the dl?? homely, all me black pages of American binary In ItgUlsUon have been written. Tney were a people Klibout any maautMturea comparatlrely: they nad but inue leacoait comparatively, and they believed 10 much wrung bad been done by a oerveulou of tbe Uxtng clause and by ibo per; venlou ot ibe commerce clause of tne Uulted Butte, couttliuilon lu legislating fer 000 section against another Kctlou, tu the teeth of democrat ic platforms, that ibry determined la uuo that C ower away from ibtlr congrem. They were a. oueat in making that conntiuliox a. were Car- roll and Baacock when Ibey signed tho declara tion ollndependen e. Mr. Eaton???1 did not Impugn their honesty at all. * Mr. Hammond???No, sir. Mr. Eatou???I tuted a fact. , .. Mr. lUmmoa.???You luted a faet, aud I havo staled wny you staled lb Mr. Eaton???You have not Mated that correctly, became you do uot know. Mr. Uammoud???I am prand tbe gentleman dis avows It. lie now cornea up lo the measure of ibo mau I navo thought him to Do Uo does uot .toqp like Ibew penny-a-llner. to mako l.lio prejudice kgaln.t a rat .sure Instead of artuing agalutt lb Mi. Kate.???if ihegend.man will permit me. ho ought to know mo boner tnaa ibst. 1 am 1<> favor aud <li.il be one ol a committee to report an amendment to tne constitution making a alugio tetm oi tlx yean lor tbe president, rut It was lu tho confederate oonidmiloti, Mr. Hammond-I am glad to we tke gentleman following alter Ibo grand men who undertook 10 make vuoocMlul Ibst over-to bc-lameuied attempt at revolution Mr. Eaton??? ldo not quite understand you. Mr. Hammond???1 will now go on wlib my re. marks Bunn twaddle I. an Insult to Ibe northern voter.. They out read; they can think. They kuow that a cause l.good or bad wltuout regard to wno favor, the cause; that tho proposed reform 1. urged by man from the torth a. true to tho government a. any who oppoao the mouure. Those voter* kuow that that canto la weak whlcn must be rapportsd not by combating tbe argument, made In ita lavor. bnt by abuse ol Mine ol lla advocates. Lai not the republicans hops lu that way 10 distract atten tion bom ibomcrltao! tho controversy. Nor can tnose vdtera be made ihe followers at tho now theory ol Mr. Rnsaell, of Maasaohusetla, aa to tho functions ol this government. Ho aiirlbulea the prosperity ol tnta country to ???the laws which toico such a diversity ol Inieresuand at tha fnlleat pos sible oorapenaatloii for labor." And elsewni'reiu hli speech of April 17 he laud! "a taw, whether natural or other else, that compel, a diversity of Interacts. * 1 ??? It readied to my mind lha famnua ???Georgia pro test" of 1889 against tbe tariff ol 1818, tho ilrit tariff lu which srcrlou, ware directly opposed 10 secdooa aa such In this country. The protest waa signed by John Forsyth, governor, aud presented lu tho United 8Utim senate by John Mofhcrson Berrlrm, ??????parnoblle Iratrum.??? Tha climax ot tbe Mate's denunciation of tbe piluclptca which led to lla adoptionwaa???'thedegrading system which con siders the people to ba Incapable OI wisely direct- lng their own enterprise! which sou up the serv er. 14 ol the people in oongrea as tho exclusive Judgsa ol what puiralti are moat advantageous aud suitable for those by whom they were elected.??? Bo Mr Tllden wrote: "Devoted toiherlghuof onr American Industry, which la now beginning lo All tbn world with tho reuowit ol Its achievements, It [tbo democratic party] Has relnsou to direct Ita application by pro hibitory or protective tariflb, preferring that each man ihonld Judgo how be can make his own labor most productive, and trusting for tho aggregate result 10 Iboao natural laws which ciiahlu every ono ot out million of city population to dairy chooss his food, and yot furnish ouyera for every thing that haa been provided beforehand." Mr. rtuiaaU'a doctrine would aulborlsa congrem to forbid our boyi from fallowing callings or pro fession! suitable lo ihctr capcsluea aud lasts, aud bind them to the trades ol tnelr fsihera, as has baen done In despotic ages aud governments, such doc trluo wonla have auihortssd congress lo bind for ever to drudgery man wbo bavo adorned tbe high est places In our 000ntry. ???ounraxit >tanwactoaxs, Itfioonceded thsi Ibe Morriion blilcannot affect southern eotiun nulla Abrelulo free trade subsists between uaand me north and wort, aud yot Iboy cannot compete with our ootlon mill products; muchlcaaran distant Earopoalvena trouble. Our sdvauco Is duo uot to tatlfft, but to natural ad vantage! of which none can doprtva us, though bad laws may greatly Impair those advabUgea* I am about to call attention to soma flgnrea taken or made upfrom tbocuutpcndlumo! Iheceustiauf ih-u I do not claim at??o1ut* coriccutem fer them, for tbo L-. sis Is not Infallibly cornet. That' ..soeuausua ol 1830 aud 18C0conlaln many errors bauc deny. Tbo gresattcaa ol tbe lalslty of that ol 1870 In tbo aontberu alntus la teeoKuIz.u by all. Tn Aim I.i 11 lloi'tiiHlli.g r'tirr. 11': > Ills wholly misleading everywhere. On Uioto have come tho oeuansol iSiO. tbe Iragmcntary reports ot ouroou- ???nlaandot tboiwrtnuUural department; and tba brood of lying o.nelualona drawn from tbam all baa multiplied Ilka toellcoln Egypt. In every ???porch, lu everynowapapor.lheyarawland iqnlrm bill lu default of anyibing boner onr reasoning must be from tbo ccusitsea. I cull atwntlou 10 a few of thi-lr aiatemtnla from our last Compendium. It la a vary common liaprca.lo'1 that tba south waaleaa prosperous as 10 ntaiiufacturcrt before the war, aa compared with tno norm, than sluoa ibe war. Tbocen.ua shows that ibai ia uniruo. Take Ueorgla aud rentiaylva- ul. aa reprascnUrtva ataica titurgla'a capital so laveared nood la that of Fcttuaylvanla aa 1 lo 184-Atn I860:about tbaaama Iul880,aal lo 31 lu 1170; aud 1 lo UX In I8M Bunthern Invest ments greatly luenuaed, bnt those ol the north Increased more. But thu tabic abotva that from 1150 lo 1850 mtnn- facturea In Ibe ???.utherti and cotton sum grew relatively faster than they did In Ute g eat menu- facunuk autea of tho north. Alabama almnat trebled. Arraus, a more than quadrupled. Deorgla doubled. Teoucawe more Ihaa doubled and 1'txaa lucreawdsixfold. Nouardtoru alato doubled but Fenpsylvkola. Cotton nrver sold furiomdcbi* It did in 1857, except Jnat alter Ibe ootton famine produced by tba war. And all thlaoeourred under uo low democratic tariffs of 1541 aud 1857. Here la the labia: fa itss IK* ** ???e*ssitss "???a SSK3 18 Isfasss jm iu WlfslUslMPF *???8a-a3R????? SS mi E3358K sugssss (slfill 8BS5S82 santgag liteiRHS fg???:3 S22P8CS SgpMal Isl5ss55| as Aoui.ee VAJUIIAI. Thoaa wbo havo apokan against tariff reform ea deavored lo alarm lha farmen. Tha democratic party wonld not knowingly take any atop which even might Id Jure them. Bullet us examine the allocations* Mr.cnaoe.ofRbod.Iilaad.il a manufaetprer. llriDtinaMAtawnlcblulMP by Ihe coins, raised but two hundred and fo.ty bushels af wheat, aud yat ba undertakes lo advise tbe wheat fainura of tna wait. To his spatch la tba Record of 15th April, 1884 he app udtd a table of valura of aalaetad artlcraa for 'be year lilt So 1850 lucmilva,and 1871 u llso, luciu.lve, ta draw aexnrait between -tne trado'* and "prelection??? K> the advantage ol tke latter a* 10 farm produeta Who made bfa flgnre* I do not know, Parkapa It waa Uw tame man wholu Feb ruary, 1893, betrayed Him Inis using a labia wbieb, upon examination, I showed covered arrowroot, maccaronl. croton ou, "coffee and mlik prepared.??? "frogs (retard and prepared ".plum pudding, ventaninlkHiM furniture, bubafor wkeola.tbtu. am. willow baskets, and sawdust, wbi.h table bo averred only ihowad ihe protection given to our larmerx upon ???'agricultural produeta pure aud ???asr foiiowieg labia 1* taken from Gionrtaoris Dies FrotscUoa Froteat? I an told teat he is boot the iiadadeUu of tbs Near YorfejaTrlsaas. HU ficures were mods lo 1870 and, wnaoni regard to nu own mtriu. are irotteortbr bceatise nude op from tho official resort of the eaeretarj of tee p??Kfc ??yrr*Ku pnw* iorBu pentni, unr, tea year* covered br Uie protective uriff of 1824 aad the higaer protective tariff of 1*2??; stcond. tee 7??ar??* ???oomprotaiei noa protecuve tariff." 1863-1642 Indarire; teffd. prow??? 1 ! years lHt3- lea; fourth, next four years uoprotecielp fif'd, the -tieeeedlng fenr year*, and tail he years U55 toUMiocJaiive; all from 1617 to 1880 inclusive briag under the democratic or "free trade" tariffs. Certainly tbi* table 1* far more ta'lifocmry thau Hr. Chacora comparUoa ot two period* of five yean each and they thirty fear*apart The absurd part ef his speech w??s that showing that a bushel of wheat 4h 1846'50 would buy less iron or cotton K rinta then thau in 1870 '80, utterly ignoring the iet that the prloe ol wheat varied mile, but of thu others bad cnormouslv decreated in thirty year*, Mr Chace???If these Ogun faro correct, then your pulley 1* a bad ono for the farmer. Ur. Uammond???I kuow more farmer* than you do. I see more in due day than you havo in your ???tate. 1 see more lo my dlstrlet than you have vetesa In your state You come here, with every laborer in your state driven from the ballot box, to preach the dignity of labor* Mr, i.'hace???Tbe gentleman is now stating one of his fio* trade facta when ho rava evory laborer is driven from ballot box. That Is a??out a* true. Mr Hammoud???I should have said every laborer of foreigu birth. You kuow what 1 meant* Mr Chace???I denounce the statement. Mr Hammond???Oulv 10.C9J men voted in tho last election iu ail vour state. Mr <:ha.\o???You drive ton from the ba\\ot>box where Khod* island docs oue, aud you do It with the sh??t guns. Mr Hammond???In tbosouth some are driven off in violation of law, but yours aro driven away by you rj law. Mr Ciuciy-If you can make anything out of that, you can. Mr Uammoud???If you can make anything out of this dabiato. you are welcome Mr. Utfcockou Tuesday presented many figures showing Increase in farm products, eta, from 1860 to 1880, aud attributed that to thu tariff. He makes tho high proactive war tariff tako all the glory which has come from the development of the oouu try, the reapers aud mowers, the rallrOAd*, steam boats and tolegraph, all the work of bralii and muscle for over twenty years. How will ho ex- plain that India increased her wheat export from 2.000,000 bushel* in 1679 to 3C.000.000 in 188) under English freo trade? Answering them. It would bo fair to attribute all tho gaiii to the democratic "freetradt " tariffs. But caudor ootnpcla me, and should have compelled them, lo admit that tho differences sro not always attributable to the tariff ouly* Homotime* ltaoems so sud at others uot. For instance, in 1830 wheat sold for tl.OJK aud tho tariff was 26 cents per btithel. lu 1832 the prico was 81.23!*, and the tar iff 12% cents per bnsnel Price plus tariff in 1880 wo* ft 32%, and in 1832 91 86. On tbe other hand, In lKH, tne prloe, 81.20, plus tariff. 2i cents, equal* 81 45, and iu 1844. toe price, 91.46%, plus tariff. 12% eents, equals 9119 in one case wheat was higher nuder tun lower tariff end in the other tho re verse Again, fn 1844.186%, asd 1866, wheat aver- sgod 9i 61,9212% and 92 tw per bushel, respective* It* and the tariff wav the aamo in " three years; but tho Crimean made increased demand. In 1857, 1868 1859, and i860, wheat averaged fl 70%, 91.60, 91.30 and 9L47%, respectively. The reciprocity treaty whh Canada wu In furoe from September 1861, to I860, and under it Canadian wheat came in free and that was onr main aouroe of foreign *ur~'~ With practical free trado wheat was higher ever before. (My figures ate by averaging the highest and lowest prices for each year, tskeu from Hpofford's almanac) But if It bo fair co to argue, I present Another short table, takou from tho cousincii of 1869 and lx 9, ot artiolca oommonly quoted ns of l&r-O aud 810 Tbo first column Is fmm Brcrotary Chase's report Of 1863 before mentlsned, except hay, nor thi re nlvi-u. The mho'mI column Mmm Hie bu renu of staUstlcR, copied into census of 188), at psgo 27: 1'nccB uf farm prod*um lu l8hUaau 1879 ??ud tee per cent of increase of 1869 over 1879. Corn, per bushel Oats, per bushel.. Wheat, per bushel Cotton, per pound Hay, pur tou Bicuu and hams, per B> Butter, por pound.,.?..... Lard, per pound fallow, per pouud Tobacco, per ppund Wool, per pound-. Prices la gold in- 1869 1879. fO 47 1 297 1 OA) 099 15 02.i 67.0 14 i 07 0 Mi 9 071 101 43 Ttietucoiisianrauouii show nuw very utix-p tve mere tables of ilzurcs aro Arguments confined to them aro only Iom false thau that of attributing all increase of prices to protection in the face of greater decrease in Bn rope, protected and unprotected Europe. Mr, Cutaheou yoatoiday menUweed tho enuapmring of steel rail* see sample He knew that by ( xplratloo of peteuts, better muhlnery, ???10, they are 10 much cheaper in EnaUnd than here that we fence them out by tarifl. Mr. Chsoe, of Ubode Island. Mir. Kusm;1I, another eastern man* ufsciurrr, aud Mr. Kelley txprosoed great alarm for the farmers of tho wast because toe wheat of India, Australia and frusta aro crowding tbpm out of the markets of the world. Mr. Kelley ad* vised them u 1 raise sorghum and told them that they oouid live on its seed, for that twine, horned cairie, and the negroes of lutexior Africa had so lived. Ills words were: 'Onrfsrmm, therefore. need>ot fear the oompes litlmi of low ws??es in too wheat*fields of ludta aud ftussla as threatening a vita) nhango. Wheat- cul??ure exhausts tbe s-ll. The wheat we export beyond tho seaosrrtee with It tho vital prlnciblrii of the fa m on which It was raised, which does not return to enrich the nrotf ucets acres ss It does when consumed in industrial vIIIssmi or lsrg?? cities near 10 where It wss grown. With tug??r- >lcldlng plants it is otherwise; they are green plants sod give to the toll the nutriment they sh. sorb from the a'mnsphero Whenever corn will ripen sorshumosn bo prodnoed in perfection, end tno value of tae seed of tots plant aloao is found to be squal to the cost of growluv and hmis< lng the entire crop. Not only does thisreed fur nlsh nutriment to owlet and horntd catUe, but u.,u iih wuiunu foryl-eapply mat tho n wtinut " hleiory cad trerel ctruril cbuuflcntcarannoa mat In Iba peal norc people ba.o Uu??l on aircbum acert than bare been euaialccd by wbctL Myriad, ol tba people ot the Imcilor ot Africa and Asia, from wbtao dark reyloba wo are but now rac.tr. Im enppllMof rtaMr TkitaUa* of lha aurghum K nt tban wn bar* ??? * na In lu area l , osucailan raoo. bare lauod In wbaat.' Mr. knawll remind, u. Utal tbo Itold Indian wheat tuerwed lrom 7 wo, 0 bubals la relit to ' 38,ooomo ubala In 11(3, while onr rxpor i on wbaat fall of nearly (6 000,000 buabala In real, aad ba aaya mat rota ta bnt a bee In al.g id mo ,a>t Uada In abut wblcb moil ruult from opsnlOE np iraneporuilnn. au* In ludta and Kna.li, and which mart cm oir our KrglUn market. Uo adrlKa a prnhlhlil rn i.mfon wueal and other ?? reala, ao aa io force 700 OW farmarm tnn> futnitaa. Wonld ho atop all Importation! and force direct burton or an enlancmtnt of tba baleful Imcrnal rer.nne ayitem? ar. Bnaaolldtd not explain bow b. wonld ka??p np watea with tbta rnormona crowd forced Into ompeuiloo wfib w.ga-asrnfng mccbanlca. aid: "Thla would In Itaalf lire a home market for about one-third of onr total axporta ol agrlcounial products." ???ut what wonll become of tba other two-thlida, even If Us prsaent product to oarer lucreaeaof Aod share wonld Um Increaaed prodne; of lb. f.exirtca beyond tba praarnt anrptna ba baatawad? When wo an nr out tbaimda of otber mubirtaa they would ratal* to tako on re, would reject onr rerenU and awln* aad buaf and oonoo. Ho* mack [setter toenoonreitrxcbeniei ra'her tban ???limn- stta prepare,lone by tnr-lgn couuirfee to supply IhemsalTM wtmooi oomtex hare Tbta brlop m* I*recall Ibai tar otr M.lnoacnda atooaaad ice us Georgia almun fur notblnc. bacons* bar ablpa need ballast whan ibry coma tor cottoa. Tbe rety Ilia of proraartty It facility of excbaogai of produeta. it ta remarkable that no nonnera or weatcra man. when arguing that a high tariff farore farmen. dcatgaa u, noUea tba cotton maker, of iba gootb. Tba crop of coton to., ray. 6.00 ,tw of. Ulc. Tbn xrrat bulk of Ittasxportcd. It bu no protection, bran tbo longauplo cation!, tea Island cotton, has no protection, though mo northern thread market. Import u much of It u we retrain tbta ornery. Cotton la almost tho exclustre crop of many stale*. It. firmer, can rco n.light bnt Incresue of prloe in them from tho tarifl. which keep. C.nadUn wheat and the like oat of tho north to enable northern farmers to Hell to us without competition. Tho tariff on cotton sted oil ii a f-h am, for none Ir, imported But five gallons oamo in in 1831, and none since. Thesa cotton planters remember the succinct statement of Calhoun that" a tariff on ir porta Is a tax on exports." Exports in the long run must pay tar them. They know Mr. Webster's answer, that tbs Kentucky mule-raiser and hemp-grower, the ship owner and others, who furnlAh supplies, help to mako the cotton. But they also know llu t part of thelrcoUon pays for aU that and still leavss the exported balance to pay the tax. I recall also that sotton In tho fall of 1877. under the lowest tariff we have had for half a century, brought 18 cents per pound, tbe bizhest price aver had except war prices, and wheat ranged from tl 25 to 9105 per bushel, and wool from 33 to 44 cents per pound. . AMIXICAN LABOR* Mr. Kelley told us that because congrem made J uf nine free from Import tax toe house of Powers Wybtuan was removed from Pennsylvania to Germany, "where wages were low," and that thus they will be able to "monopollze.the Amer ican market." and that by thu* banishing one house we have closed all the others and made the United States the dumping ground for the cheap J and adulterated qtrinlne of all irresponsible eonti- ixntol manufacturers." If Powers 6s Wyhtman will 1 monopolize the American market," how can I Anthony eirosell quinine here and how can we get Adulterated quiufno except from them? But his main oondaslon ol that subject was??? ."Thus did anticprotrctlgro ltglslation haalshone vital Industry and (Uprlve a lew hundred Ameri* can laborers of employment If there Is no other work for them to do (hey are without employment; otherwise not. Hbonld olv thu people of this oouutry have conrinu .ualy paid that quinine tax forever to keep those few men from sccklrg otber work? In the some speech Mr. Kelley (knounce* the importation of contract labor that Is being brought hereby Pennsylvania protectionists. It seems that whlfo they talk so much of protecting American labor they will have cheaper labor If they must bring it here under contract or go themselvts to Europe to use it there. Verily, "for ways that are dark and tricks that are ??????In*; the Pennsylvania protectionist! aro "pecu liar," ArtTooalei of protection profee, (real concern for iho wngis of factory operative. Tbelr exaggera tion of their picture, throw au., Idon upon their sincerity. On ihe other hand wo have Hm-ncrl loa ???per ch of Mr Wood, of Indiana, who look the op- |K??lto cronnd. lie brloug, to tha comintiteo on labor sullnicM, and I rappore he hu made thta matter a iprcl.1 study. Ho wu .peaking for lha w.go c.rnluir ctaia lie tild: ???1 think a high proticlivo tariff the wont foe we hare to American labor. It klvee high prnfln to la,g. Invesimonliln certain kind, of lnduitiy..-id every ijsu-m Is adopted or machine pmehued that will do awey with laboring men. II tho tar iff actwu reformed, iho highly protectlia durfen cut down, prufl|?? would uo lower but reasonable: ???hen tbo gte >1 Inducement, for ccbtrmllzed capital would cease, and It would go all over the country to citabllih other bnt useful Industrie* One great and highly protected Indnetrv, rarhat Iron or ???Icol, woolen or ootton, having from 1509 000 to two or Ihrco million, luvestod, with Iu tabornvlng machinery, doei not emplor a tithe ol lha labor ??? hat would bo employed If ihln aggregated capital waa dlrldod among, doxen different aud neor.??ry Industrie., ??? * ?? Ono great trouble about labor now Is lhal there ta not a suniclon t market for Ita prnduci, and one ahlo to consume them ??? Tho democraiio policy would giro labor more strady aud more remunerative employment But them aro m.uy erroneous sUUmeuta about wage, lu thu pm! end lu spcechethere.. Wages. Uka other things, arc not always what they seem. Wsgea In Iho protected Untied mail's are higher than In England unprotected But In unprotected Eng land they arc higher than In prolccrod aermanyor protected France. Ills, therefore, certain that pre- teC'lon dots not make the dlffetemv. A thousand cures operate Terhap. lha chief cauro hernia that laud, are re cheap that tho caplultat cannot forcaonv mrch.ulc. Intake hta prico and stay fn hi. employment at In.dr quote retanocnitlon. In . rn-t <-h made here on tho Bih of May, 1879. Ur. Kclloy.nf Tronsi vanla, said,speaking of wage!: Indeed tno condition ol tho l.oorlng people ol iho claimed world I. In ibtarospcci plluble. Onr country, more favored thau any other, 1. suffering greatly, but lea. than other! Our bred, open, che.p lands are protec log tm agalust Ibe lnteara Mulcting, miters are enduring. II English wait* are so low, with no counter, villi g advantage, why do not tcoro English me- rh.ntoa coma here? Oar factorle. coutsln bnt 80 OOO of them and 913.000 Gorman npcraTvc. (lor- many i.a "pro'eoiad ouuntry." Englsim's pupn< lation 1.484 to Ihotqnare mile, and uotmauy. ta but 213. Thu fslrnrn of wage, depends not wholly oa what ta paid a pers.n for any given tltno, but also upon iho valneof bln labor to bit employer durlug tnat time. By tbo census compendium it appcni that each perron In f.ciorio. over 13 year, oi ago produced luir.???Oono thousand and sixty-four dol- lata' worth ol goudir.aml lu 1880 twenly-ono hun dred dollats' worth of goods. Wage aro greatly affected by tbo uso ol machinery. Hupp ao. to do a 0 -mdn quantity uf wot kin a day In India, require, ten laborers. Hay their wages and food coat the ??????mplojir84,1---, 20 cent, per man Nowlfthe employer can get a machine with which one will sirs tho work ol tho ten, he may pay that one much hlglir r wages. Bnt whether thu srgregato of wage* for the country will ho lm-rcascd depends upou whether tbo men dUplaccrl by ihomachlnoareldiu consumer, or havo other remunerative employ- aunt, Ute wage, of Individual ahoemakcra In Iho United Btate! ta double that In England, hat It cos'.tirotn.uttlse'urerleeato havoapilr of shoes made hero than there. With an Amerlesu machine ono man can make three hundred-pair of boo ??? per day, and lha number of rbeso nt-chlncs have lu- ooaasad from tlficen In 1884 toh.looln 1380 Before Iho InvenUou of Blanchatd???a machino It took tnvcnty-flvomou to make ono hundred gunslockt per day, It reduced tho number of meD uccosary for that work dowu to aeren- teen, then to twelve, and now to nine. Hupposo Iho roventy-flvo men got 82 rich per day, ihe hundred guuahicka would bavo coat tho mannlaeturi rJTgti.iua mui-rlal. Bnppoashe nowpayiraparday loarahnun. iu- tuin-ir. o gun- stiKki wouui cott him bur 151 plus material and tn- itorulon bta iDvratmeni i??? tm- reat-Miii-. w.gn, hit gunstoek makers would ihul appear lo tm thrcblerl. hut It would also appear lhat sixty-four mm had boon driven to route olhor unploymsut, ttulcta there had been equivalent Increased dev mar,d for guiutnckx. Again, Um census table- show lhat' in maoufaclntlng at iho raloof l.ooo* rlfleaaday threw man wilt do as much wotku Sevan In sms mau lu manufacturing at Iho raio of Ally a day,??? workrdi panda npon v sort of machinery. In wbat slud establishment, aud above all what Ihe food and clothing ol hta family, fualaud ran lot hta dwelling coat It ta v.lrpfur Mr tihace to re ad aDoni tha abject ???-city nitomo la England. It Is vain for Mr. ley lo tali of Ihoio whom ho mw there living with theirplgv. They kaow, everybody known, lha: thaw are axrapilonal case! and lhat aur h mty , - -. ^-???--- . ??? ??? ..??? which 1 have quoted, painted Ihe cmidlil- n of aomo of our machaulca aa daplorablt lla safd: ???'Why. ilr, Iho paaplo ol my city (Philadelphia). Ihe working people whu>e prole H haa beta lo bavo thalr families lira uuder tin Ir own roof, am many of loam hudd lag togctgarlhrea or four factllUa In oua such home and then are probably nnsbla to pay thalr r> nt ??? I lla vain f.ir gentlemen to try lo make grown man believe lhat such are fair aamplea o! huullrit laboreis, and valuer u> try to maku them belleru lhal rarh a conuiilun ta due to her trade policy. How much hwiuroff aro Iho lahotera of England now than before sho abolished her protective pel- Icyf since then lupri* ,nmeni for doot has hewn ataillshed, drinking anlriis has greatly decreased, education haa Pcuuni, general, wages havo In creased almost twnluld. Manhood suffrage ba* boan granted; asylum,, hoanlula. cbntchaa tell tea mtiulllccuco ul tke lovernment and the charity and dtro'.hm ol the panple Ii wss to tlicse me?? chsnlca and Isltotera In fatrorles, or men ilka them, lhal Cobdcu and Briaht, meu bora without titles, belonging lo Ute people, preached a crusade agsltint tho corn laws Tmy h-d Imbibed uw truths of Jar kson'a farewell address, lhat Jackson Mj[UbIy [ qo?tad Moisting In favor ufa ???-Judicious "The various tbtercita wtlch hero combined lo- galbrr to Impow a heavy tariff and reproduce au nvottowlng treasury aro loo atroagand have too rauen at stoke tosunend- r theoontast. I he on or ations and wealthy lad vldu.ta are engaged In tars* manufacturing evtabllibments.and dc-lrea high totlff to Inert aso'lhelr gains. Designing poll??? llcUi.a Will support 11 to conciliate tnelr favor and to obtain lha mean* of profuse expenditure for pnrpnwof puicnerivg influanoeln otherqnar- . - * ??? Thovurplux revenue will bedtawa front Uw packets Of the iteoplo-from the farmer. Ihe m??rh??!ilc* aod U'.oiii.k society.' Tk*y might have idnp-e-i hta vary words, except jot the main nroliibltivo dttilc. then were on farm prodnai* It waa at Msuchntar and front themaekanlatolhstlha aallatloncama Fcrieare lhay arruygjtd until lha failure of the potato ere n brought Ireland re ???tarvsUon Thus raenforc d they sutceeded. Tho corn lawa fell before the hnogwr of the people. Wo muit oome to a revenue ' er or later. Tho present Utlff cannot bo l. Wo hard go physical lamina. With onr broad acresand fruitful soli "iho early aod Iho UUM min??? will famish plenty; bur our products ol head and loom, of factory and WM{ 0S7OBitfUMliOii "cmitle upon a thousand hUla;??? onrcouotrm droves of iwlnc; barcereata rolling la haras and clevstora are more than bom* consumption can exhaust abort ilm*. short wains mullcsrae units, woappaaa* the onlvaraal hangar far ! muket for tha surplua If tbta demaad is heeded things will adjust ihemselv-s slowly and quietly, Ii inis demaod is despised the mull will com# nevertheless But In tost css# it msv com# suddenly; it msycome ruluoualy upon sll wbo wlto??is..d the people???s clamor lor reform aad re* daciion of laxei and oost of liyiaf. [ApplaasoJ