Newspaper Page Text
THE WEEKLY CONSTITUTION. ATLANTA. GA.. TUESDAY SEPTEMBER 16 1884. TWELVE PAGES.
FARMS AND FARMERS.
Peanut*-Dried Trnit???To Keep Meat in Summer *
A Tenor Parmer-It P*y* to Peel Well???Carp
CaUnre???Competition Between Breed*
???Bearing Bilk Worms ??? Notes.
Peanuts.???A novel exemplification of the
maxim, ???No great loes without some small
gain/' is found in the history of the peauut.
A quarter of a century ago the peanut was to
a great Extent a luxury over the greater part
of the union. Tho rustic beau who brought
his ???girl??? to town for tho circus, aud the city
youth who took his cheap and lofty teat in the
theater, thought their treats deficient unlesg
they indulged in peanuts???by no means an
every day indulgence. Now, like oysters in
land, this fruit takes its place among the com
monest of edibles???a result duo almost wholly
to the civil war and one of tho now develop
ments in southorn agriculture.
Formerly eastern North Carolina produced
all the peanuts grown in the United States,
and called them ???goobers.??? There is a story
of a North Carolina regiment in tho confeder
ate army which early in the war was sent
into northern Virginia. Marching along one
day, as hungry as usual, these men camo
upon a field of clover???something none of
them had ever seen before???and, mistaking
it for peanuts, they broke ranks, leaped tho
fence and began tearing up the roots of
the plant. Bitter was their disappoint*
ment; and ever afterward tho regiment
went by the nome of ???goober-grabbers,???
The federal soldiers, who had known peauuts
only as a holiday treat, found them in quanti
ties in certain regions, and acquired a new en
joyment of them. W hen thoy went homo they
demanded them of the dealers, who found that
the crop was not largo enough to supply tho
demand.
It is difficult to get anything with prompt
ness out of North Carolina. But tho Virginians
are quick, and begun to meet tho call by
widening their little garden patches into groat
fields. Now two-thirds of tho two and a quar
ter millions of bushels expected of ,this year's
croj) will come from tho old dominion. The
counties engaged are Southampton, Nanse-
mond, Isle of Wight, Surry, Sussex, Prince
George, Princess'Anne, Gloucester, Norfolk,
and, to a less degree, Warwick and Charles
City. All of these lie in what is kuown as tho
???tide-water??? section of the state???down in the
southeastern corner. Tennessee raises 600,000
bushels, while the Carolines give about 150,-
000. Maryland and Delaware produce small
amounts.
The peanut is not indigenous, but was
brought from Africa with the slaves???came
over with tho conquered. The African nut is
now unmarketable in tho Uuited States, but is
used in enormous quantities in Marseilles,
France, os one of the sources of ???olive??? oil,
along with Indian cotton seed, etc. Trans
planting to American soil changed tho charac
ter of the nut aud greatly improved it for eat
ing. It made it larger and reduced the excess
of oil. The soil required for tho best success
with this crop is oue light and dry, upon
which thirty to forty bushels of slaked lime, or
160 bushels of common marl, to tho acre, have
been spread. In March tho land is plowed,
well dragged and cleaned of grass, ridged aud
???cut dowu.??? Planting takes placo from tho
first to tho tenth of May, tho seed being placed
in rows about fourteen inches apart and cover
ed by a stroke of tho foot. The sood, in order
to bo good, requires very careful watching ia
curing, to avoid a ???heating??? sufficient to kill
tho germ: and should therefore be soloctcd
and tested with great caro. Soon after tho
plant corns* up it is otUuiUd to repaatodly, at
intervals often to fifteen days, with cultivator
and hoe, upon the thoroughness of which work
largely depends tho character of tho harvest.
Borne use tho horso-cultivator altogether,
abandoning tho hoe. Tho blossom is yellow
and pretty. Almost simultaneously with its
appesranco, shoots from upon tho plant and
make their way into tho ground. These aro
called ???pins,??? aud bear the ???pear??? bouoath
the surface. Tho digging takes place between
the tenth and twentieth of October, and con
sists in throwing tho vines out of tho ground
with a plow made for tho purpose. On the
tome day, as soon as dried, the vinos ore
shaken free of soil and stacked intho fields in
to ???shocks.??? In from ten to twonty days both
Tine and nuts will bo completely cured and
ready for market. The vino makes good feed
for stock, and is an excellent article for fertil
izing purposes???so much so that it is worth
the price of digging the pea, and farmers
sometimes give if in payment for that work.
In making and tending the shocks skill is re
quired to prevent over-heating aud mould.
K*Peanuts are of two kinds, distinguished as
the ???bunching??? and tho ???running??? vinos, de
noting the manner of their growth, but uo
separation is kept in the market. In Tennes
see is produced tho ???red??? nut, a variety ol
which the origin is unknown, at least to Nor
folk. The tendency of tho husk in this variety
is to grow long and thin, and to obtain more
than two???sometimes four or five???kernels,
the skin of which is a rich chcvuut red, mu sh
darker than the color of the seaboard variety.
Tho nuts, es fast as picked oir tho shocks la
ilie field, aro placed in bo/js holding four
bushels each, aud are sold to cleauing factories
In Norfolk, Petersburg. Smithfieid and else
where, chiefly along the lines of tho Norfolk
and Western and.Beaboanl aud Roanoke rail
roads. The Norfolk factories are the largest
in tho world, and cousumo twico tho amount
x>f all the rest put together.???Corr. New York
Tribune.
Dried Fruit.???Apples and peaches dried in
the sun sre valued largely according to light
ness and brightness of color. Sour apples are
preferred to sweet. Tho dark color, so objec
tionable a feature, is caused by exposure to
moist warm air, iu which' tho fruit dries so
slowly that fermentation ensues. Apples may
bo sliced or quartered, but the two kinds
should never bo mixed in the ^une package.
They should be cleanly pooled and cored, then
sliced or quartered. The slices cut thiu in
the torn of rings right across the cored spsce,
are preferred. Sliced apples are used by tho
local trade, quarters by tne export trade. The
coarser the quarters the better. Of ordiuary
sited applet tho nieces should be quartered,
not eighths nor sfxteenths. Bua-drfed apples
should be pocked in barrels, the quarters in
large barrels and pressed in very tightly sj
that the net weight of apples will bo 200 lb*,
or more. Tho barrels should be uniform and
new if the apples are to command tho be*t
price. Apples dried on strings are more pop
ular than formerly. Peaches may be pared
or unpared. The former sell for doable or
more the price of the latter. Pared peaches
should be cut fine. Unpeeled may be h??l??e*
or quarters ; the halves bring a little higher
price than the quarters. Cherries must be
pitted, and to bring the highest price must be
very urr, entirely unmixea with ntgtr. B*l
.berries .ell better thin bl.de. Blub rup-
berric. end bliekbsirie. ire dried whole; and
ear. mnit be taken tbit they in unbroken.
Pick red ind black ra.pb.rriM i*p??rat.ly ;
Plums moit be pitted. The Duwu Mil but
of inn-dried. Much tin ibould bo teken to
hire ill kind! or fruit thoroughly dried, ini
particularly southern fruit which cornel on
the market in lita rammer or eirly fall before
there ii icttled cool weather. Much low ??
aecMioned by fruit touring while in transit
thit WII sot carefully dried.
Fruit dried by the patented .raporaton U
more popular than luu-driel, and, at v>
applet, pciehei, and plural, commands much
hieber prices. There is less difference in bee-
rite, but the eraporeted are preferred. Apple,
ud peaches thiu dried are genera ly best
liked in bore, of either SS or M lbs. net
weight. The standard sire cf box*i for apples
is 12 inches high, I* inches wide, and U laehss
loer, outside measurement: a bo* of ihis de
scription will contain 6% lbs. of fririt. Pxn*
boards, planed on tha outside should beared
In acking the boxes. The following oil?? to?
packing peaches, which alao applies vsry
largely to apples, should bo closely observed:
Lay tho box top lido down. Upon tho inside
of tho cover lay twaa pieces' or fancy paper,
lengthwise. ^ On them lay a fiat piece oi- nw-
nilla wrapping paper, or oiled paper, just tho
size of the suriace of tho box. On this (which
will bo up on opening face of box), lay on tho
facing pieces ot fruit iu rows, lappiug th-i
edges neatly liko fish scales, always with tho
pit side down. Fill up and put auotlior piece
of manilla or oiled paper on tho fruit and nail
cn tho bottom. Apples aro dried.to some ex
tent in hop kilns, und when proper caro is
given to drying, they aro quite desirablo and
meet with a good sale.
To Keep Meat is Summer George Troup
Maxwell, writing from Ocala, gives the New
York Bun the following ???novel way to euro
bacon:???
???I uresponso to tho inquiry of William B.
S., of Tallahassee, Florida, ???How to cure bacon
in hot weather?' I send you tho details- and
history of a certain, expeditious and economi
cal plan, viz: By ejecting brine into the hog
through the enroted artery. It is certain, tbs
salt being forced into the minutest capillaries
oi the.entire animal. It is expeditious; within
ten minutes the largest hog may be perfectly
snltcde It is economical, material and labor
being reduced to tho minimum.
???The method is this: Kill the hog by a
blow on the head; bleed by opening the caro
tid artery, und, with an ordinary bulb syringe,
or, much better, tho pump that was in uso
twenty-five or thirty years ago, inject two to
four quarts of brino into tho animal???s blood
vessels through tho incision in tho carotid
artery. The salting may be better done after
the hair has been removed aud the animal
heat has all escaped.
???Tho plan was first used in 1810 by rny
friend, the lato Lewis LeConte. of Liberty
county, Georgia, a brother of tho distinguished
Professor LeConte, of the University of Cali
fornia. His first trial was with eight hogs, in
the winter of 1819-50, and proved a complete
success. That winter will bo remembered by
old planters for its remarkable mildness, aud
the-consequent immense loss of meat, thous
ands of wagon loads having boon lo3t in tho
southern elutes.
???The next two winters ho cured all his bacon
by that process, having perfected it by tho
winter of 1851-52. In tho beginning ho madg
the brino too strong, and his meat was, there
fore, too salt. But by the third year ho had
adjusted tho proportions of salt, sultpetre,
sugar, etc., so as to tnako delicious bacon. Iu
some instances, by tho addition of spices, he
gave to his meat a delightful aromatic flavor.
???Intending to attend the fair ol tho Southern
Central agricultural association, at Mucou,
Georgia, October 1852, ho selected a half dozen
of his best hams for exhibition, proposing to
make the process more generally known then
aud there. Alas I by tho accidental discharge
of his gun he was killed the week before tho
fair was held.
???In April, 1851,1 saw him salt threo hogs
in less tfinn twenty miuutcs. Tho hogs had
been killed tho night before, or early that
morning, and had been bled aud cleaned of
huir. Immediately after being salted, they
wero butchered and hung in the smokehouse,
then heated by firo and smoko. At eleven
o'clock that morning the mercury of a ther
mometer which was hung in a largo cool hall
stood at summer heat. Mr. LeConte was in
different ns to temperature. When his logs
wero fat ho had thorn killed at his convenience.
The most difficult step in the process is tho
cutting down upon and opening tho carotid
artery; but one can judge ol Us nature by
the fact that Mr. LcConto???s uneducated negro
???driver??? did it.
???The carotid artery of a hog is too small to
be entered by the tubes which accompany tho
syringoin common use. Mr. LoConto moulded
one of lead.???
And a ???subscriber???s wife,??? from Pawnee
City, Nebraska, contributes the following to
the same journal:
???In reply tho inquiry, I send a receipt for
keeping moat killed in warm weathor. My
aunt was visiting me a few weeks ago, and
she said Ahoy had killod a hog four .weeks bo-
fore. I asked her how thoy kept it, and this
Is the way: Make a brino until tho water
will dissolvo no more salt, then put in tho
meat and boil from four tooight minutes; take
out tho meat, and put it iu tho .vessel in
which you intcnd???to keep it. Then skim oil
all blood and scum and pour tho brino ovor
tho meat. If it is to bo kept very long, it is
lost to scald tho brino every few weeks in
warm weather. Take all bones out of tho
meat. My aunt says they havo used this re
cipe for years, and nover had any meat spoil.
I never tried it.???
A Faxcy Farmer.??????You don???t say! A
thousand dollars for a cowl well, n fool aud
bis money ore soon parted.??? Now don't you
make any such mistake, Bou, subl I. Squire
Landers??? no fool. I remember whon hi* father
formed it around. And ho was smart onougli
to pick out tho best calves from tho fanncr.i,
and take them homo and rear them, and when
they were cows to soil them back to the same
nun who sold them for two or three dollar*,
and get fifiy for them. It wasn???t many years
before Landers was iu o law offico, ami then n
lawyer; and he was smart enough to gain a
S rcat case in court, and that made his fortune.
o, he???s no fool. If he gives a thousand dol
lars for a cow it is bccauae it is a good ono, and
he will get the money bock from it, and ho
knows the man who reared that cow fairly
earned tho money. Now look here, Bon, if you
take a cow to Squire Lander???s young bull out
of that cow, you pay him $25 for it. ???You
don???t say.??? Yes, I do. . And its worth it, too.
Yes, as you say, it is as much as tho cow is
woitb. You are right there, iny boy. But
your $25 cow has a calf that makes, let us say,
300 pound* of butter in a year, and she bos
not c??et you, all told, more than $50. I come
to you and say, Ben, 1 want to buy that cow.
You say she is too good to sell for less than
$150; she makes as much butter as any two
cow round here. Well, that is true, and (give
you the money for her. You get your $25 back
very easily, with $50 more to it, ami I got my
money back in two or three year* out of tho
butter. So we are both satisfied. Now,
Squire Lander*??? bull can earn $1,000 a year in
that way, and the firstycar???s income, you see,
ju??t paya fur the cow. Oh, yes, you see it now,
of course. Br.t there are forty farmers who
hove calves from that bull for $25 each, and
every heifer will make a cow worth twice as
much os the cost. And in a few years you see
all around the marka of that bull. Tho butter
is mere than doubled. The farmer* take a
fancy to the good stock and handsome cows,
and get better stables, better pastures, better
feeding, belter care all round. In ten year*
you won???t know tho place. The honses will be
painted up, the gaiMens will be neatly plan
nc-d. There will be new barns and old ono*
will be enlarged. All tho extra money made
will add to the comfort ot tho farmers; the
girls will be better dressed, the boys will be
miter educated, and in ten year*' time it will
be hard to say how much money the whole
will be worth. And Squire Landers will be
more pleased to see all this than to - handle a
Uiousaud-doilar bill every day of his life. So
you ate he mskes money; we make money,
end tkjc money makes a good deal of comfort
all around. Don???t you ever call a man a fool
because you think he ia a fancy farmer. There
aft Shorthorns, and Jerseys, and Ayrshire*,
and Dutch cattle all around here, and they are
nuking money for us; but if you trace up
thr ir pedigree*, Ben, you will find a fancy
farmer at the end of the line every time. And
some of fancy farmers can teach us
*. k???-* * LI ??? They may
hoeing corn,
. _ and outs of it,
and what we do U for, and how it should be
done, and that???s the biggest part of the doing
it.??????Our Story Teller, in the Diary.
It Pays to Fa*n Well.-
feod
???It pays to
well. Let me give you a ease. Having a good
lot of cows, which I have bred and reared my
self and trained them well to be kind and
gentle in evenr way, I do not like to port
with them. But having a few more than I
could well take euk of this year I rented out
five of them to a neighbor. One of these ows
ia a croes-troU pore 4XF**hir?? and Jersey, and
with her first calf gave eight pounds of butter
the first week???s churning; with her second calf
???be gave twelve and one-half pounds the first
week alter the milk was kept (the calf era* fod
on skimmed milk only). The cow ia not six
years old and in her prime. Tho man com
plained of her and said sho was a poor cow.
???What feed do you give her???? ???No feod at
oil but the pasture in the swnmp meadow, and
she milks only four quarts a day.??? I brought
the cow home and sho was a mere skeleton in
a bog of loose skin. Tho firet milking was
three pints. I began to feed her as I knew sho
deserved, I gave her two quarts of fine ground
meal and middlings mixed with cut, sweet
cornfodder threo times a day, with what grass
the pasture would afford. The fourth day she
milked nine quarts, the seventh day eleven
and a bnlf quarts; the first four days her milk
made three pounds of butter; the last three
days it made four pounds seven ounces. This
is not her full yield, as sho is putting on flesh
and will do so until sho weighs 150 or 200
S ounds more thau she did wheu sho came
ome. If wc figure this up the profit on this
feed can bo shown very easily. Four quarts a
day ai five ecuts???tho price at which her milk
has been sold nil summer???is 20 cents. That
is flic value of n swamp-meadow feeding.
Eleven and d half quarts a day is equal to 57H
cents, so that this 15 cents gives 22% cents
profit; and to me the satisfaction of tho thing
is worth a good deal more than ono dollar
a day would be, for I certainly have a go jd
deal of regard for my cows, which' I havo rear
ed from the first, and each of which is a pot
and regards me with evident kindliness and
affection. At the rate shown by theso figures
ten cows would return $2.25 daily profit for
tho expenditure of $1.50, which is in itsolf ns
much os many a mechanic in a city is obliged
to support his whole family upon. And yot
there are farmers and dairymen who aro growl
ing every day of their lives that farming does
not pay. I wish some of them would change
places with some of the people in towns aud
cities, whom they profess to envy so much.
What a mistake they would make.
Carp Culture.???Among the ???Farm Notes???
in ono of your recent issues I find tho follow
ing:
The raising of carp has become very popular
among gentlemen farmers aud even among the
owners of small country residences around the
suburban part of Philadelphia. Almost overy
pretty littlo secluded place has its pond stock
ed with carp.Thcy ore easy to get,as the United
Btatcs fish commission supplies them upon
proper application.
Tho foregoing is a fact which has not, I
think, been previously published, and a fact,
perhaps, for which I am mainly responsible,
Laving been tho medium through which tho
carp hnvo been iutroduccd into this and somo
other regions. I had supposed that tho nu
merous parties having these littlo ponds would
cheerfully pro pore them for the proper culture
of this valuable food fish, but not ono in
twenty lias done anything whatever except re
ceive a few carp free from the United States
commission, and introduce them into their ice
ponds, which have almost invariably contain
ed native varieties of tho' carp family with
which the food carp will bo sure to hybridixo.
Fish, unlike fowls ond animals, at onco de
teriorate when hybridized. It must bo evident,
then, that raising carp in this haphazard man
ner will, to a certain extent, bring systematic
carp culture into disrepute, because many of
the gentlemen referred to are acknowledged
epicures, ond when thoy como to test tho
edible qualities of their mongrel growth, or
even of pure carp raised iu improperly pre
pared ponds, aud find them common placo, or
perhaps dccidely inferior in flavor, they will
Le prepared to brand tho carp as a worthies}
food fish. If properly bred ond raised tho carp
is only excelled as a food fish by tho salmon
family. The $200,000 or more which has been
taken from thestnto treasury for the ojtonsibte
purpose of restocking our barren waters with
fish, mostly Bnlnioimlw, is nearly that amouut
of money hopelessly sunk. There are undoubt
edly loss fish in tho waters of tho state now
than before a dollar had been expended by
the various fish commissions, and tho deple
tion of theso waters is to a slight degree only
duo to illegal methods of destruction. Tho
clearing of the forests, the tilling nml fertiliz
ing of the lands bordcriug tho water* and tho
commercial fertilizers which are being ao ex
tensively used of Into years are cause* of do
pletion.
The inland fiah culture of the future inuit
bo almost wholly confined to enrp. Homo of
the states arc already placing their'official fish
cultural matters in tho hands of their agri
cultural deportments, and it is only a question
of time when all the states will do so. Carp
culture will become hero, as it has long beon
in Europe, a favorite and profitable business
for capitalists and stock companies.
Mii.tox 1*. I*eiroe.
Secre tary American Carp Cultural Associa
tion.
Philadelphia, September 2, 1834.???Record.
CoMfKTiTioR Bktwkkx Breeds.???In relation
to the discussion of tho merits of tho several
breeds of cattle, especially tho Bhort-Horns
and Ilcrcfords, U has been said that there is
room for all breeds. Tho Breeders Journal
lays ???this ia probably true. There is room
not only for thoroughbred cattle aud tho best
breeds, but there is room for scrubs. But this
does not meet the question os it should bo mot.
A man may use a wooden plow if ho has no
other means of cultivating uis ground; he rnay
stir it with a stick rather than not move it at
all. But ho would not do this if he had a good
pair of horses ami a good improved plow to
work it with. It is well to use ^hc old spin
ning wheel if there is no other means to make
S our clothing to cover your nakedness. But
ic old spiuning wheel would not be used if
the improved machinery could bo had, and
steom or water lo propel it, and wliat is truo
of these and other industries is also truo of tho
live stock interest of tho world. There is no
room for tho poor when the belter can be
bad.???
The above Is found in theory; tho difficulty
is to dccido the question of which is tho best
breed, taking into consideration tho circum
stances of the intending buyer. Using tho ma
chinery ?????? an illustration, it would bo more
just to compare two spluniug wbeols, rather
than tlic cpmnlng wheel and tho jack; two
plows of modern uiako, rather than the stick
of prehistoric ages with tho finished steol im
plements of to-uay; two engiues of similar
form and power, rather than unskilled brute
force, tugging to pull a load, with tho highest
E roduot of tho engine builder's skill swiftly-
urrying a train carrying thousands of tons
over hills and vales. But much of tho im
provement made in breeds of animal* is due
to the keen competition between breeders
struggling to gain a first place in popular
favor. Tho fight has made partisans offriondi.
The partisans labored with aud aroused an
interest in the mind* of those who, but for this,
would bave remained indifferent and induced
them to use better blood, to the great benefit
of themselves and the world in general.
Whatever the result may be to tho bresderi
engtged in it the battlo has done iinrnonM
good to other*, and it i* to be hoped that the
time will never como when all writ agree thaf
any one breed or family of cattle U better than
all others.
Rearing Silk Worms.???The Kansas In
dustrialist give* instruction* for the rearing of
???ilk worms in a small way. The larrw thrives
on Osage orange leaves; and the writer be
lieves the product is nearly or quite ai good as
it they be fed on the white mulberry. The
eggs ibould be kept in a cool place???a cellar is,
good???until the young hedge leaves start;
when, if they are brought into the temperature
of an ordinary living room, the larvae will soon
appear. They are not inclined to travel, and
may be kept on a pasteborrd box lid, or even
on a newspaper from the time they come out
email, black worms, until they are two and
one-half inches long, and are rr* ly, to open
their cocoons. Lest refuse from their feeding
???booM become jnoldr, and therefore damp,
the' worms must be placed upon new and clean
paper. It must be remembered that the ygoag
lam* are extremely Under, and nfuat be
handled with the utmost ??? care. They can,
however, be surcetffiilly transferred by letting
them become quite hungry on 1 supplying
them with speed, fresh leaves/on the young
branches f the worms will cofwl upon these,
end may be readily transferred. In no case
should wet leaves be fodywbetber from dew or
rain; all drops efwatersbonld be shaken off
the leaves. They sbrfuM bo fed three times a
day; indeed, it wili U found that the better
the worms are f d, and tbe drier and warm if
they are kept, the fester they will grow, the
x larcer they will become, and tho sooner they
will mature and spin their cocoons.
Goyermrktal Experiments ix Agricul
ture.???Tho latest proposal for government
patronage in the much abused name of agri
culture is that cqugress appropriate public
money with which to introduco ???Japan Clover.'
That is tho plant concerning whicn a person
in North Carolina has shown uncommon in
terest, ond to whoso alleged methods tho In
diana Former refers as follows:
Ho declares that he Has no seed for salcjbut
when parties write to hhn to know where it
can be obtniued ho replies that ho can got a
littlo for them from an old colored man in his
neighborhood, and demands $1 as tho price of
a package. He sends something in return
that ono of our subscribers desenbo* as re
sembling a mass of dried clay.
The fact seems to bo that nobody seems to
attend to gathering tho seeds of Japan ciovor
as it should bo gathered, freo from airt. Tho
usual way is to wait until the seed has fallen
to the ground, then to scrape the seed up with
tho surface of tho soil. Tno cost to tho de
partment of ogricvlture of making a thorough
examination of the plant and publishing a re
port thereof that would inform tho poople
fully of its value as a forage plaut would ho
small. Such an examination and report might
keep thousands from spending time und money
in similar experiments, perhaps to bo disap
pointed utterly at lust. It is in such work
that the department can bo very useful to
millions of people, and at a fraction of tho
cost of individual experiments by tho many.???
New York Tribuno.
JIow to Make a Poultry Trough.???Tho
Richmond Dispatch soys if you want a con
venient trough in which to keep tho water for
the poultry nico ond clean, usu tho following
f dan: Make end pieces of two inch plank, six
nehes wide and 1 }<J foot long; sido pieces of
inch boards six inches wido aud tlireo feet
long; bottom of two inch plank. Bo particu
lar to havo good tight joints and smear them
with pitch on tho outside. Taka u piece of
two inch plank ten Inches wido and two feet
four inches long. Drivo tonponnv nails thick
ly into one side of it so that tho chicken* will
not walk over it, and in hole* bored at the
corners, insert pins 8% inches long. 8et this
f iorcupmo backed table into tho center of tho
rough ami you have an arrangement that will
hold quite an amount of water, and has a
place four inches wide all round tho ledge
from which fowls may drink without having a
chance to get into the trough. Try it.
Farm Notes.
A Vermont farmer states that cottonsood
meal is injurious as food for calve*.
A decoction cf tausy, applied with n com
mon watering can through a fino hose, is said
to bo an excellent remedy against tho cabbago
worm.
In one year a horse voids, according to esti
mate, about one and a half tons of liquid aud
seven tons of solid mauttre. This is worth
from $20 to $50.
There is much difference in tho black dirt
f ;ot from tho woods, which is commonly called
eaf mold. Bomo of it is the mold from de
caying trunks of trees, which is loss valuable
than that from lcavos.
Poultry cannot bo made to pay unless pro
vided a properly arranged houso lor their ac
commodation. This is os nccoBsnrj' to their
well being as it is that horses and cattle should
havo a good stable.
Tho advantages of soiling consist of a sav
ing of land, a saving of fences, a saving of
food, a saving of manure and better caro given
tho stock, as well os increased production
from the land.
A correspondent of tho N??w Haven Mirror
thinks that cions enn bo best preserved in saw
dust, which keens them moist and green. He
keeps them in tho collur, ,but dampens them
when they are dry.
Insects are sometimes friend*, a* many
kinds prey on those that dnmngo crop*. Be
fore beginning tho extermination of them be
sure you sro not assiating othors to survive
that mo more destructive.
An exchange remarks that tho propor time
to gather tho applo is when tho stem loosens
readily from the limb, and potatoes should bo
S nthcred when tho tubers loosou readily from
io stalk, which may not ho until somo time
after the tops are dry and dead.
Nothing is gained by tho too of half-bred
males for improvement, ns it a step In n baok-
ward direction. Only the pure broods can bo
used safely for purposes of improvement, and
the best that can no procured aro ehcapor
then Uioso that aro inferior at any prioo.
Balt is used freely by aoruo nunerymon In
pear nurseries for tho purporo of counteract-
ing blight. Iron fillings and copperas in solu
tion havo been used for tho samo pur
pose. If the remedies do not prevout the ??lii-
case, thoy at least correct a dispojitiou to
bllcf.t.
When wo pulverize tho ground to a groat
depth tho warm air comes in contact with a
body cooler than itself, tho water in the soil
condensing into droys, which partially unsworn
in place of rain. Tho deeper wo nulvorixo,
therefore, tho greater the amount or moisture
collected.
Surplus stock are a nuisance in tho poultry
quarters. They eat as much a* tho hens, and
yield no return for tho iced consumed. Where
fowls have their liberty one cock to a (lock of
twenty to twenty-fivo hens is ouough, but
where they are restricted to small runs oue
cock to six hens will be nccossary.
Tillage and manure scorn to go together or
are Intimately connected. Complete success
cannot bo looked for without both, However
strong the tendency on tho part of mankind
to avoid labor it must be remembered that it
has been proved that, as a rule, crops will not
perfect themselves without attention.
George W. Wala writes to tho Fruit Recorder
that he bis boiled leaves and stems of tomato
plants until tbe juice is all extracted, and
finds the liquor deadly to caterpillar.!, lice
and many other enemies of vegetation. It
does not injure tho growth of plants, and its
odoryeinains fora long time to disgust iusect
marauders.
ClEOIifilA PltOPKItTY.
The Marvelous lucreSM of the Hiatt's
Wealth In Eight Years.
The following is a very Interesting state
ment showing In a consolidated forpi tho
???tgreastc value of whole property In Georgia re
turned for taxation for the years lHHJ and UBI.
???Lowing Inrrtuse and decrease of value* in each
species of property, and total Increase for 1811.
W hy gbouldn???t She?
KEStoM* I don't
?????t be.???Mrs. Belva Lockwood.
FlRE AND STORM.
Bill Nye Seriously Hurt In tbe Olssr Laks Tornsdo-
Ubo Ospers of tbe Storm Throughout tho
Couutrjr-Sevsral Fsrsona Killed by
Lis htnlrg- Furnaces on Tire.
Clear Lake, Wis., September 11.???In addi
tion to tho threo persons killed during tho cy-
clono here yesterday, the clerk in Briggs??? store
was seriously injured, and it is thought will
die. Bomo of the principal losers aro, John
E. Glover, saw mill machinery and lumber,
$100,000; A. A. Ingalls, general stores, $10,000;
Smith and Lewis, stores, $4,000. The total
loes in Clear Lako and vicinity will roach at
leaet $250,000. Bill Nye, of tho Laramie
Boomerang notoriety, was driving with
his brother about threo miles east of Clear
Lake when tho tornado struck thorn. Ho was
lifted clear out et the wagon by tho wind aud
dashed to tho side of tho road. Ilia right leg
was broken in two nlaccs below the knee. Hi*
brother was only slightly injured aud walked
back te Clear Luke, nud procured help, but it
was six hours before tho injured man could be
brought to town, owiug to tho road being
blocked with fallen trees. About forty build
ings wero wrecked in Clear ??? Lake
including tho Methodist, Congressional and
Lutheran churches. Humbolt & Co???s, saw
mill, threo miles east of here, was destroyed,
causing a loss of $10,000.
The Flooded Chlppewn.
Euclairk, Wis., September 11.???Tho Chip
pewa river is rising six inches an hour. The
Euclnire river is sixteen feet above low-water
mark, and is still rising. Scores of fumilies
arc moving out of their houses, in some of
which there is four feet of water. Tho Phamix
manufacturing company building is partially
under water.
CnirrzwA Falls, Wis., September 11.???The
most disastrous flood ever known iu this sec
tion is now upon us. Tho Chiniiewa river ha9
risen 20 feet since Tuesday night at 12 o'clock,
and is still growing higueri at the rate of a
foot per hour. Tho threo railroad bridges are
iu grout danger and the wugon bridgo is hourly
expected to go. AH ovor tho upper dams on
Dunoon creek, which passes through
the town are out. A portion of tho flood from
this course reached hero at ouo o'clock yester
day afternoon, and swept away every bridge,
five in number, together with a large number
of buildings, including Keel's planing mills,
Collins' feed store, Stiles, Lego & Barley???s liv
ery stables, Btummes k Wiener's agricultural
buildings. The loss in the city so far is esti
mated at $100,000. The worst is still to comp,
however, as the dam, fourteen milos north of
here, passed out yesterday allernoon, and re ???
leased 750,000 feet of logs, which it is feared
will do great damago in their countdown tho
stream.
8t. Paul, Minn., Boptembcr 11.???A special
to tho Evening Dispatch from Eati Claire,
Wis., says: The booms on Point arcek, a tribu
tary of Chippewa river, went out lato last
night, and the water in the Chippewa rose
rapidly. Thit, with tho floatinir logs, carried
away tho upper bridge of the Wisconsin Cen
tral railroad, atChippowa falls, and also tho
lower bridge, between there and this city.
Tho Chicago. Milwaukoo and St. Paul road
bridge, nnu all the city bridges hero, and the
city bridge, at Chippewa foils, have
been carried away. The Chi
cago, Bt. Paul, Minnesota and Omaha
railroad bridgo ot Chippowa falls is still iu-
tact, but will b* in great danger should the
river contiuuo to rise. Tho bank of tho latter
rood is being badly washed. The water Is
flooding tho streets of this city, and is doing
great damage. Later news says tho Eau Claire
and Chippewa rivers aro highor than ovor
known before. The wator is floating over the
principal streets, and many buildings on tho
lower ground arellloating away. A million
feet of logs havo brokon from tho boom near
Eady mills and are Jloatiug down tho stream.
A Heavy Itnlnfnll.
Dktroit, September 11.???Tho Froo Press
Alpena special says a voilont thuudor squall
cccurrcd yesterday noou. Tho wind
reach forty-eight miles ao hour. The
rainfajl was over an inch in ulght minutes.
Thomas Scarf, struck by lightning, was
killed on tho street. Another had his arm
broken. Forty thousand feet ol lumbor havo
been blown in tho lake. Tho tornado was not
very wido end lasted fifteen minutes.
The Thunder nt Alenn*
BurrAi.o,N. Y., September II.???During a
terrible thunder storm at Alean last evening,
a tank containing 35,000 gallons of oil, belon
ging to the National transit company, was
it! uok by lightning.
THE WOHK OF TIIH VI.AHK9.
Tho Pino llrook Mines on Fire???Narrow Es-
enpe.
Brraxtox, Pr., September 11.???The watch-
man at the Pino Brook mines of the Lacka
wanna Iron and Coal company, discovered a
fire in tho cneino room about 5 oniook this
morning, aud oy the time ho had given tho
alarm tho entire southeast cornor of tho
structure was a mass of flames. By strenuous
dibits the engineer, tho fireman and Um
watchman got a stream ou for
tbe house and prevented Its destruction. The
fire extended to t?.e boiler house, tho main
breaker, tbe abaft and tho hoisting endue
bouse, and all were totally destroyed. When
tbe fire broke out Andrew Davis, nre boss, was
making his round fn the mine. The heat and
flames descended lo the east shaft, and noarly
overcome him. He was compelled to crawl
on hi* hands and knees for a quarter of a mile
in the darkness, with only the railing to guide
him. He was finally rescued in an exhaust
ed condition. ThQ breaker was erected in
1862, and baa since been rebuilt. Jt had a
daily capacity of 660 tens. Tho loss on tho
breoker is^nbout $36,000; insured with A. J.
Norman, of this city, as followst Loudon
snd Liverpool Globe, $76,000; London and
Lancashire, $500. From tbe enforced idleness
of the mine there will bean additional loss of
$15,000. The fire is thought to bave originated
from tbe explosion of a lamp left burn
ing fn tbe engine room. The company
will not rebuilt at one??, as the plan and
elevation of the breaker will be changed.
An Incendiary Fire In Cincinnati.
Circipxsti, September II.???At 11:30 o'clock
laet night, the large building No. 47 Walnut,
occupied os a cigar fsetory by K. M. Bishop
k Co., was discovered to be on fire. Before an
alarm was turned in. tbe fire spread with mys
terious rapidity, and tbe whole building was
destroyed. Tne workmen in tbe fketory are
on a strike, and last night they had on incipi
ent demonstration a few square* from the fac
tory. Bishop's lose is estimated at $20,000.
The building which is owned by August
Baecker, is fully Insured. Bishop claims that
the piece wee set on fire and says that he will
hold tbe city responsible for the losses, as he
asked for protection some time ago, and it wa??
refused him. No arrests have yet been made.
Fourteen llonses Darned.
Baltimorr, Md., September 11.???The f*??to-
ry of tbs Eagle furniture worn#, D. Wilson k
Bon proprietors, on Cross and Riegty streets,
south Baltimore, took firs shortly after 2
o'clock this afternoon. Before tbe flames could
be subdued arow ol twelve or fourteen small
dwellings nesr the factory took fire and were
destroyed, causing a damage of about $10,009"
Tbe walls of tbe (me.Utty foil, making its de
struction complete. Tbe building, beside* ma
chinery, contained a large quantity of finished
???nd unfinished furniture and lumber, none of
which was saved. Tbe proprietors estimate
the dsmsce at $20,000, upon which there Is
only partial insurance. Toe fire originated In
the drying room over the boiler.
Fire fn Daltlmore.
Baltimorr, September 11 .???The factory of
tbe Esgle furniture works, D. Wilfoon k Sou,
proprietors. Cross k IUdgby streets, South
Baltimore, took fire shortly after two o???clock
this afternoon. The loss will probably be
total, sino anting to $700,000.
THE SOLDIER ROYS.
Arrival of Three llntteries of Artillery, who
Come From Florida.
A special train of bvo cars containing three
batteries of tho Third United States Artillery
pulled in to the Central depot yesterday after
noon, about 1:30, and was boarded by a Con
stitution reporter, who had tho pleasure or
giving them the first welcome to the city.
Captain- J. L. Tiernou, tho commander, was
chuck full of information regarding his com
mend, and imparted it freely. They left Fort
Barnacas ot 10:30, Thursday morning, but
were detained in Pensacola a few hours, and
hence did not arrive here at 4 o???clock yester
day morning, ns was expected. Leaving Pen
sacola ot 5:10 p. m., Thursday, they had
fi leoBunt and uninterrupted travel throughout
xc entire distance.
Batteries B, E aud K compriso the command,
which numbers 110 private soldier*, fully
equipped us infantry, aud ten officer*. Tha
quartermaster???s department and sub*i*tenco
???tores were brought along, aud everything
pertaining to military comfort is provided.
Tho following aro tho names of tho officors of
tho command: Captain J. L. Tiernou, com
mander. Captain Lewis Smith, Captain J. B.
Burbnnk, Captain J. B. Eaton, Captain Cha*.
W. Hobbs, First Licuteuant CUas. W. Foster.
Second Lieutenant W. Loveridgc, Second
Lieutenant Ira A. Haynes, Assistant Surgeon
W. W.Gruy, Acting Assistant Surgeon Theo
dore Artaud. First Lieutenant Cha*. Humph
ries, tho efllciout end accomplished quar
termaster ol tho conminml, remained behind
at Fort Borancas, but will join tho party hero
in a few dAys. Dr. Frank Artaud accompa
nies his father, the acting assistant surgeon.
AH ol' tho officers are genial, choice spirits,
and
sri.RNDiD srxciuRNB or UAXUOOD.
Any of them would be uotablo in a crowd
for a splendid physique and a handsomocoun
tenance. Tho private soldiers all present a
fine appearance, and are ovidently in primo
condition. In the absence of Lieutenant Hum
phries bis duties us quartermaster aro per
formed by Lieutenant Foster, aud tho dutiea
ot udjutant of tho couiniauu by Lieutenant
Haynes.
In conversation with Cnptaiu Tiornon, it
was learned that tho command has been long
anxiously expecting orders removing them to
Atlanta, and were about to despair ot such a
directing them to repair to this salubrious
point. All'along through tho dreary months
oi Juue, July and August they waited
patiently, living in hopo of tho change.
Though orders wero oxpectod as early
ns Juno, tho fort remaining
quite healthy, tbo authorities thought it not
???dvisablo to send them Atluutaward. The other
officers joined tho captain in cxnrosiiug their
satisfaction iu getting back to tbo gate city,
where curb avers he spent such a pleasant
time last year.
Thu entire command aro in excellent health
???nd spirits and will remain hero until tho first
of December. This gives them ample timo to
enjoy the invigorating breezes of our fine cll-
lnato and to renew the nmuy friendship* of
tho past, and to mako now friouds for tho fu
ture.
Major Burbank and Captain Ilobbs, whoso
families aro in Marietta spending tbe summor
among tho mountains iu anticipation of tho
removal of tho troops to this point, will leave
hero in u fow days for a short stay with their
relatives.
Noxt week tho commend will
IIAVR A DRESS I???A It ADD
at their camn. just beyoud Colonel Adair's
residence in West End. It is hoped that tho
baud will be hero by that timo to dlscourso
martial music for tho occasion.
Assistant Surgeon Artaud is tho same phy
sician who accompanied the Thirteenth in
fantry which wcul into camp hero in tho fall
of 1H78. Tho doctor U brim lull of interesting
reminiscences of that period, and i* en
dowed by nature with the ability of relating
incidents of tho past with striking force. Ah
nn instauco cf the bonrilcial results to health
of even a short rcsideneo in Atlanta, ho in
formed tho reporter that be was with the Thir
teenth regiment when it left Holly Springs,
Mississippi, to escape Uio cholura and was or
dered to Chattanooga. Tho peitUeiioj soon
showed Itself at that place, aud fresh orders
were received to go to Atlanta. Tho regiment
comedown and encamped about four months
here, and when thoy returned to Now Or
leans hu could point with prido to tho font
that he had not lost a man in bis charge; fur
thermore, he poiuted with additional pride to
the regiment; instead of being decimated by
disease, had been augmented by tho
addition of aix bright boys of martial promise
that had been born to oifioers of the regiment
while stationed hero.
Eleven recruits from Columbus, Ohio, will
arrive and join tho command this afternoon,
thus increasing tho number of officers and
men to 131.
All yesterday afternoon was spent in put
ting up tbn tents and forming tho encamp
ment at West End, and when the retreat win
sounded at, sundown everything about tho
camp was in apple-pie order and Axed for tho
season.
Ills Slippery Eyodlasssi.
???The Squire,??? says tho author ol ???Tho
Hooaicr Schoolmaster,??? wore on?? glass cyoaud
a wig. Tbo glass eye wa* constantly slipping
out ol focus, and the wig turning around side-
wise on hi* head whenever ho addressed tho
people of the Flat Creek district.??? Sad spoe-
taclc. Parker???s Hair Balsam preserves and
promotes tho growth of the natural hair. It
???Iso restores tho uatural color to hair which
baa faded or become gray. Clean, elegant,
beneficial, highly |>crfuincd.
What Bhnll tli?? Harvest llo?
The summer Is tmded-wbat shall the harvest b*T
If you have sowed liberally you will reap richly.
Hut K not???remember that the next (the 173d)
Grand Monthly Drawing of Tho Loulsfo i i Htilo
Lottery will happen on Tuesday, October ltlh.M*!
???full fuforinutlou of which can be bad of M. A.
Dauphin, New Orleans, La. At tbo drawing (the
17lfct) of August pi, among tbe results, tho fol
lowing is reported: No. 15JM5drew th?? dntcaplt-il
of |75,too. it was sold Iu fifth*???ono was Iwld by
Eugene Gaudlas, No. 231 HI. Peter's it.. Now Or-
buns; another by ttr. Load Hcymour.of M.*.nphD,
now employed ??* a carpenter at tho Grand Colton
Exposition Building at New Orleans. No. 63.80:1
drew second capital prize of FJ5 a ono, sold lu New
York. No. 29,862 drew third enpiut prize of HO.O'/),
sold to ftftits???two to llr. T. H. Totwtfiw. ol Han-
. .'v- "?????? imbo* (MUa)lns.
capital prlai* of
* 65,475. sold ill
g others two-
on Are., fit.
M,0C0earh went to No*. 1.157 aud 55,475,
fractlMisl parts hither and yon, among nth
fifths to A. II. Glover, No. 2* H. Compton A***., c
Louis, Mo.; one-fifth to Mr. Louis a. lUy.pf New
Haven, Conn., and to other partial In Washington
D. C., and In New Orleans. La. But we will rest
for a period. (To b* coutlputd Indefinitely.)
Mr. Wm. If. Cbyle, Chief of Fire Depart
ment, Houston, Texas, write* that white in
discharge of bis dnties be was very severely
injured by a falling wall. Ho could scarcely
move about when he was induced to try St*
Jacobs Oil, the magical pain-re!i*ver, and to
bis surprise ho was cured of his lamesnct.
Attention fac??llr<Fto the advertisement of Ds-
Loach A Bio. in this Issue of Tns Wkxklv Con-
???YITOTIOH. They do a reliable bu*Iness. Recently
they have bought a mill rock quarry, and are ex
pending Urge amounts in machlucrv for working
It. 1 hey have some spccte! stone*, at their W*re
rooms on Alabama street on exhibition.
~??*I!uchu.paIba/??
Quick, complete cure, all annoying Kidney
Bladder and Urinary Pise???ee. $1. Druggists
Patchwork and Crazy Quilt*
Are th* latest craze, and ladies will be glad to
learn of any economy to this art ne*Mie work. We
hare just hern shown an ounce package of "Fac
tory ends called ???Waste* embroidery?????? good silk,
i esuthol rotors, and In quantity as inuen a* is ob
tained In from 75 to ICO skeins of regular cool*.
may obtain a sir
syringe combli
Ail DrugglaU.
tmJtCSIH