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Agricultural JHEpartniEnt. Different nations have different methods of cultivating” the soil. We are more familiar with the English plan than that of any other but^ our own country. The .British plan recall ed extensive farming, and we know that some of the best English farmers admit that ex tensive farming is a fail ure, tluit the cost is greater than the profit. It is a system of rotation of crops,*and great but injudicious efforts To use the greatest possible amount of manure. But their system is found to be too costlv. and upon striking a balance at the end of the year, or rather of their plan of four years ro tation of crops, the cost over-balanc ed the gains. It falls far short of what is called intensive farming in this country, which is mainly confined to some sections in the South. The people in the Western States have pursued the English plan with results >imilar to those of England. Their crops, particularly of wheat, have greatly diminished. In Georgia the intensive plan has been uniformly successful as far as it has been tried, and of all plans it is the best, resulting in many cases in nearly double the pro duction undertheold plan, and it goes far to show the people, that, with less land, those who have adopted it pro duce double as much cotton .and corn to the acre as formerly. This plan universally pursued, will soon put our section upon a high state of prosperi ty. Under it, perseveringly practic ed Georgia farmers will soon be plac ed in a high state of success. To car ry out the extensive plan requires an immense quantity of manure, which fails because diffused over too much land, which is badly worked, causing the loss of the crops notwithstanding the heavy cost of fertilizers. The English would find satisfactory gains in the application of the manures to half the land they attempt to culti vate. We hope our farmers will see this, and make a great reduction in the number of their acres. The En glish failure is a most instructive les son To our planters'. A farmer there, will buy an immense quantity of ma- f nure. but its value is lost, because he distributes it over; twice the number The Agricultural Congress at Roches ter, N. Y. Mr. Brown mentioned a machine not yet perfected in Philadelphia which it was thought would bring the cultivation of flax into general prac tice in this country. He said it was thought that flax could be mixed with wool to advantage in the manufact ure of fabrics. A paper by W. B. Jones, M. D., of Herndon, Ga., on the importance of humus in Southern soils was read. The animus of the paper was that the agricultural reconstruction of the South lay in mixed husbandry and in keeping np the supply by means of cow-peas and other fallow i crops natural to the climate. The point made in the concluding para graph of the address was that the vast domain once devoted to cotton must now be devoted to mixed hus bandry. Hence questions of profita ble crops were most important. The idea of making cotton and sugar a specialty was now not thought of. The soil could be strengthened by the pulverized phosphate rock, coupled with some form of potash, together with the Southern clover. Various methods of feeding the soil for the cotton plant were described. The soil and the climate of the State were inviting to emigration, and now that the greatest hindrance to skilled la bor was removed there is no region that could offer more inducements. Ever}' fruit that the world could ex hibit was growing in her varied soil. The paper by Mr. Gold, Secretary of the Connecticut Bureau of Agricul ture, was replete with valuable prac tical information as a review of the condition of the agricultural interests of the New England States. He said the Western farmers wanted cheap freights, Eastern ones high freights. The overwhelming surplus of Western cereals annually poured East from the West had forced Eastern fanners to change their crops. The principle difficulties met with were the cheap ness with which crops could be raised in the West and sent to the seaboard in competition with them, and the freight discrimination which gave the Eastern farmers no chance beside those of the West. Hence the change WHEN TO TRIM THE TREES. APPLE * a( r «TpV !U ^ * ie Cc,u successfully culti- s they were making in the cultivation vate. J he manure thus assists the * roivtli of weeds aiud grass, which de -troys his crops, instead of benefiting it, simply, because, it takes doubly the time to work over Ids crop that should be taken. He goes over it in i went}* days when he should get through in half that time. Our farm- •ers are finding out the great secret of success, that every acre should be well worked every eight or ten days. This, with diversified crops, will make every farmer in Georgia prosperous in a few years. Every acre will yield a handsome profit, and he will have all the money lie needs and all the provisions necessary for man and beast. What we write about the English farmer is not founded upon conject ure, but the positive declarations of 'Oine of the most intelligent agricultu- turists of that country. They admit their failures and give as i reason for themthe identical facts which we have started. SALT FOR CABBAGES. of crops—to supply their home mark et—that could not be transported long (I jcf o nPPQ Hr. C. V. Riley, Chief of the Ento mological Commission, Department of the interior, talked of the agricul tural needs of the South. He held that whatever had been the benefit of this Congress it has done one great good—it has enhanced the good will between the South and the North. It was the speaker's good fortune to vis it every portion of the country and he did not think any one who had not had that good fortune could properlv , appreciate the vast resources of the ! tlme was chosen for priming. Some will trim in the fall or late in summer, and others in the early spring; and as some of the tffies do very well, leaving the inference that those injured suffered from other j cause, the practice is continued as ! good as any. But what is the object j in selecting any particular time? Is it ! not for the purpose of doing the least possible injury to the trees? if so, j let us see how this purpose can be most intelligently carried out. The j injury to be avoided is the failure of ; the wounds to heal over promptly, [ which failure leaves ugly holes in the tree after the dead wood of the sawed off brandies rots out; or worse still, lets in the water and insects to con tinually enlarge the wound until the tree becomes hollow, or “catfaced,” and thus fitted for speedy rum or in ferior fruit. Large branches, there fore, should not be cut off at the body of the tree, if at allpractica- bje to avoid it; but if they must be taken off, choose the time when the tree is in possession of its greatest heal ing power. Now when is that’thne? Late in summer the tree has been ex hausted in yielding a crop of fruit, or the sap has already done its summer work of growth and is about to with draw. In early spring the sap has but commenced its flow, and not yet arrived at maturity and strength, re quires time to heal a wound. But the wound of the sawed-off arm cannot afford to wait—it must be healed now or not at all. Wax it over and cover it as you will, but it does not heal fast enough. The sap is yet too thin, runs out at the wound, turns it black and aids in starting de composition. You have much ado to prevent this, and if you succeed it is, perhaps, only to find bye and bye that you have an ugly hole in your fine fruit tree. Later on, however, in the spring and early summer the sap is in full flow, has accumulated strength and vigor by meeting the young and tender buds upon the branches, and the daily increasing strength of the warmed-up soil about the roots; and is now pre pared to do its best work without de lay. Now is the time to cut off large arms. At this period many varieties of plants, if entirely stripped of the bark around their bodies, will im mediately take on a new coat. We have known the apple, orange, peach, pear, cherry, oak, hickory, maple and many others to do the like. This is the season also when the suck ers or water-sprouts are most active and persistent in growth, 1 but they must be watched and be rubbed off as fast as they appear. If permitted to grow large around the old wound and then be jerked off, tearing away the young bark from the wound, it will be to little purpose that the right Would have been written on the Waitzfelder Building over the 1 r of ' ° 0r L H* WOOD & CO 4 POWDER Absolutely Pure. of Xhi3 powder never varies. A marvel purity, strength and wholesomeness. More economical than the ordinary kinds, and cannot be sold in competition with the multitude of low test, short weight, alum or phosphate powders. Sold only in cans, Royal Baking Powder Co., 10G Wall St. New York. 15 11m If they had not sold good goods cheap and worked hard to attr business. Our extremely low' prices and meritorious goods have j 0 " creased our business hundreds of dollars above what it was hq Spring, and profiting by our experience, we shall continue to Bargains to Consumers! Throughout the coming season. We invite attention to a ] 9 > , NEW ORLEANS SYRUPS, which we bought low and are sefljj? accordingly. SUGAR IN BBLS. AND HALF BBLS., COFFEE BY Tffp SACK OR DOLLAR’S WORTH AND TOBACCO BY THE BOX OR PLUG, are our specialties. We have a few packages of Mackerel, Macaroni, Preserves, Pickle and Buckwheat to close out at greatly reduced prices. We keep the celebrated FLOATING SOAP, 3 bars for 25c. 23F°Call and get our figures. Georgia Railroad Company STONE MOUNTAIN ROUTE An intelligent producer of cabbages near this city, states that he considers ‘-alt necessary to tlie best develop ment of the cabbage, especially in places far from the coast.—He finds them more crisp, of better flavor and to keep better, when salt is used than without. A few days after setting out the plants, and when they are •lamp, either after a rain or when the dew is* on, he takes a small dish of fine salt, and walks along the rows, springling a little pinch of salt on the centre leaves of each plant; when the leaves begin to form the head, ap plies salt again, scattering it over the leaves; after this, he looks them over occasionly, and if he finds any plants that do not head well, or appear dis eased, sprinkles salt over freely. This will save ail such plants. A quart of salt is sufficient for five hundred plants in a season, though more can be used with safety. Be careful not to use too much salt as it would injure the cabbages. UTILIZING BONES. it is only within a few years that farmers have used bones in anv form as manure. The fact that they were of great value was first shown by European chemists. Since then bones have been sought in every portion of the earth, takeii to tiios** regions where agriculture is more advanced,, ground up or treated with acids. In tins country the bones of buffaloes have been collected on all the great ora irks of the distant West. The English have scoured the great plains of isoutii America to procure bones, and have even rifled the tombs of the the ancient Egyptian for the otme purpose. A large proportion of the bones collected in this and other cities are sent to England to be used as manure. Many are also used in the east, where their worth is better appreciated. It is very difficult to pulverize bones by any other than expensive machinery. It is to be regretted that there is no simple process for reduc ing them to very small pieces. Only ^Uin bones or those that have become brittle by fire or exposure can be easily' crushed. There is economy in burying large bones, especiallV skulls, in holes where grapes are to be planted. All bones may be softened bv covering them,, in a suitable place, with wood ashes, made slightly moist, or by putting them in heaps with fresh horse dung. After being treated in this way for a few weeks they become quite soft, and may be crushed by a heavy blow. There is no better m’an- nure for grass, turnips, beans and pears. country. Few certainly who had not visited the South could understand her facilities. She offers to-day ad vantages for the emigrant that no other section can. While the ther mometer was here in the nineties the speaker suffered no inconvenience there. The reason is the people there protect themselves from the mid-day sun. The great need of the South is the want of a greater diversity in ag riculture. Hitherto they have stuck too close to the great staple, cotton. One of the things the South has to contend against now is the exhaustion of its soil. Diversity of agricultnre would benefit the lands and the fertility would be rapidly regained. Dr. E. Lewis Sturfevant, the well- known experimentator and farmer of South Framingham, Mass., delivered an address on agriculture and botany. In this he showed the close connec tion that science may hold in practi cal agriculture, especially in a country worn by long years of depletion with out compensating manures; that every man must understand for him self the nature and capabilities of his own particular soil, and gave many happy illustrations in the application of manure, and especially with com mercial fertilizers, that the farmer should study the nature of the ma nure demanded and the proper quan tity to apply to reach maximum re sults. He showed how the important integer humus could be conserved outside of barn-yard manure, talked of the temperature of the soil in its relation to growing plants, and the effects of rainfall; deep ami shallow plowing, subsoiling, and the impor tance of live stock and soiling on the farm were elaborated. A paper on “Fibres and Fibrous Plants,' by Dr. S. G. Brown, of New [ i Jersey, was interesting as showing the ‘ ; interest now being manifested in this i class of plants. In relation to the In- : dian mallow (A vicenna's abutilon), which is attracting attention in New Jersey as a fibre plant, the speaker I designated it as American jute a, mis- ] noiner that should not for a moment j be considered. If good for anything i as a fibre plant, it is good under its proper name of mallow. That it is a most valuable fibre plant, was years ago demonstrated in Illinois through the manufacture of the fibre. Dr. John A. Warder, of Ohio, said the plant was really of southern growth. It was not found growing wild anywhere north of the fortieth ; parallel. It could be cultivated very easily. It was an annual and therefore but one crop could be harvested. The manual labor connected with the man ufacture of these fibres had much to ! do with keepingit out of the market, i } If a plow or other steel implement has become very rusty, make a mixt- I ure of half a pint of oil of vitriol ! poured slowly into a quart of water ! and apply tp the rusted metal. Wash off with water, and scour in the usual i manner. It is better, however, not to let any implement get rusty.- OFFICE GENERAL MANAGER, Augusta, Ga., April 17th, 1886. Commencing Sunday, IStli instant, the follow ing!) assengor schedule will be operated. Trains run by 90tli Meridian time-* N018—EAST (daily). Leave Macon 7 :lo a m LeaveMilledgeviile 9:19 am Leave Sparta 10:11 a m Leave Warrenton 12:00noon Arrive Camak 12:15 p ni Arrive Washington 2:20 pm Arrive Athens 5:30 p m Arrive Gainesville 8:25 pm Arrive Atlanta 5:50 p m Arrive Augusta 3:35 p m NO 17—WEST (daily). Leave Augusta 10:50 a rn Leave Atlanta 3:0u a m Leave Gainesville 5:55 am Leave Athens 9:00 a m Leave Washington 11:20 am Leave Camak 1:36 pm Arrive Warrenton 1:50 p m Arrive Sparta 3:04 p m Arrive liilledgeville ...... 4:20pm Arrive Macon 6:15 pm NO 16—EAST (daily.) Leave Macon - 7:35 p m Leave MilledgeviUe 9:30 p m Leave Sparta ...10:4S p m Leave Warrenton ,12:01 a m ArriveCamak 12:10 a m Arrive Augusta 5:00 am NO 15—WEST (daily.) Leave Augusta 9:4opm Leave Camak 1:18 am Arrive Warrenton 1:33 am Arrive Sparta 2:57 am Arrive MilledgeviUe 4:27 a m Arrive Macon J6:46 a m No connection for Gainesville on Sundays. The Fast Trains does not stop at Camak. Trains will, if signaled, stop at any regular scheduled flag station. Close connections at Augusta for all points East, and Southeast, and at Macon for all points in Southwest Georgia and Florida. Superb improved sleepers between Macon and Augusta. Superb Improved Sleepers between Augusta and Atlanta. JNO. W. GREEN, General Manager. E. R. DORSEY. Genera] Passenger Agent. JOE W. WHITE, General Traveling Passenger Agent. L. H. WOOD & CO., No. 18 S. Wayne Street, Milledgeyille, Ga. April 20, 1886. ’ 31 jy Brick l Brick \ Brick! 1,000,000 FIRST-CLASS BRICK for SALE, P ARTIES intending to build on the line of the Georgia or Central Railroads won') I do well to consult us before making a contract. ’ 1 1 First-Class Paving Brick a Specialty We are making Brick with the latest Improved Machinery, on the celebreted Cm I keryard. BRICK DELIVERED TO ANY PART OF TOWN, *S”We take pleasure in referring to Maj. J. FUSS, Architect and Building Surw!" tendent. ‘ 1 MilledgeviUe, Ga., June 10th, 1885. foster & mcmillan, Contractors and Builders. 48 ly LUMBER! LUMBER" I have moved my Saw Mill into a fine lot of timber, six miles south of MilledgeviUe, and am prepared to till orders prompter for any and AIE kinds of Lumber at the Lowest Prices, in any quantity. Will fill orders and deliver lumber on short notice. W. H. H. BARNES. April 6tli, 1886. ’9 3m Agricultural Implements -AND— Central and Southwestern Railroad*. [All trains of this system are run by Standard (90) Meridian time, which is 30 minutes slower than time kept by City.] Savannah, Ga., Nov. 15, 1885. O N AND AFTER THIS DATE, PAS SENGER Trains on the Central and Southwestern Railroads and branches will run as follows: GOING NORTH. As the prosperity of every country depends upon the success] oil agriculture, and realizing the necessity of tliet borough breaking oil land and cultivation of the crop, I havo supplied myself with ’<[ large lot of two and one horse Plows of the best makes, consisting ofl the Syracuse, Benton <fc Harber, White’s Clipper, Meikle’s Blnel Pony and ' the Boss, and I also have a large lot of Steel Plows] Haiman and Southern Plow Stocks, single and double, and farming implements generally. To all who use Guano,' I would recommend tlu| CORDIAL -« |*OF f jj£ BOWELS & CHILDREN TEETHING It is THE GREAT SOUTHERN REMEDY for the bowels. It is one of the most pleasant and efficacious remedies for nil summer complaints. At a season when violent attacks of the bowels are so frequent, some speedy relief should be at hand. The wearied mother, losing sleep iu nursing the little one teething, should use this medicine. 60 cts. a bottle. Send 3c. stamp to Valter A. Taylor, Atlanta, Ga., for Riddle Book. Taylor's Cherokee Remedy of Sweet Gum and Mullein will cure Coughs, Croup, and Consumption. Price 25c. and 51 a bottle. Dec. 15th, 1885. 23 ly DON’T YOU USE 9 Tt JuLBimB ■coffee Leave No. 51. Savannah D Arrive No. 51. Augusta D Macon D Atlanta D Columbus... .D Perry D E S No. 53. 8,40 a. m.. D 8.10 pm No. 53. 3.45 pm... D 6.15 am 4.20 pm... D 3.20 am 9.35 pm... D 7.32 am 3.42 am... D 2.15 pm 8.45 p in D E S 12.05 p ill Fort Gaines D E S 4.38 p m Blakeley D E S 7.10 p m Eufaula P 4.06 p m Albany D 10.45 pm.. D 2.45 p m Montgomery. .D 7.25 pm MilledgeviUe D E S 5.49 pm Eaton ton . .. D E S 7.40 p m Connections at Terminal Points. At Augusta—Trains 51 and 53 con nect With outgoing trains of Georgia Railroad, Columbia, Charlotte and Augus ta Railroad, and South Carolina Railroad. Train 53 connects with outgoing train on Augusta and Knoxville Railroad. Train 51 connects with trains for Sylvania, Wrights- ville and Louisville. At Atlanta—Trains 51 and 53 connect with Air Line and Kennesaw routes to all points North and East, and with all di verging roads for local stations. Chesapeake or Pendleton Goods! And to all who would like to have a Pump put in their wells, II would recommend the Buckeye Force Pump, which myself and many others have been using with perfect satisfaction for soms time. All who wish to supply themselves with any of the above | articles will do well to call and examine my stock and get my prices before buying elsewhere. MilledgeviUe, Ga., Jan. 26th, 1886. 29 ly T3L. IF- &2ULA.Tirr Sc BRO,| Midville, Ga., 9^ C. R. R., —MANUFACTURE COMING SOUTH, Leave—Nos. Augusta.. 18 D Macou 52 D Atlanta 52 D Columbus 20 D Nos. 9.30 am..20 D 9.30 pm 9.40 a m.. 54 D 10.50 p m 6.00 am..54 D 6.50pm 9.00 pm.. G D 11.10 a m And stop worrying every morning over a poor article. GROCERS SELL IT. Send 10c. in stamps for a complete set of Levering’s New Card* (60 original designs). E. LEVERING & CO.. BALTIMORE, Ml). May 4th, 1686. 43 3t. To supply any lack of vegetable matter in the soil there is no readier or cheaper means than the plowing under of some green crop. Manuring with rye is an excellent way to ameli orate and enrich a garden.* Broom Corn.— Broom corn can and should be raised in the South. It will grow on any soil where bread corn will grow r —and yields from five hundred to one thousand pounds per acre, and requires but little care. It is planted closely in drills four feet apart; and as it soon outgrows the weeds, requires but little work. The low'est yield is five hundred pounds per acre, and this at ten cents (it is two to five cents more) per pound, makes a crop worth as much as cot ton, with less trouble every way. The Mirror is no flatterer. Would you make it tell a sweeter tale? Magnolia Balm is the charm er that almost cheats the # If you want the finest Cigar in the city. Call at the new T drug store of Dr. T. H. Kenan. looking-glass. Perry 24DES6.00am. .22 D ES3.00p m Ft. Gaines 28 “ 10.05 am Blakeley 26 “ 8.15 am Eufaula 2 D 10.55am Albany 4 D 4.10 am.. 26 D 12.15 pm Montg’ry. 2 D 7.30 a m Mill’dg’ve25DES6.37 am Eatonton 25 D E.S 5.15 am Arrive—No. No. Savannah.52 D 4.07 pm..54 D 5.55am Connecfions at Savannah with Savannah* Florida and Western Railway for all points in Florida. Local Sleeping Cars on all Night Pas senger Trains between Savannah and Au gusta, Savannah and Macon, Savannah and Atlanta, Macon and Columbus. Tickets for all points and sleeping car berths on sale at the ticket office, No. 100- Mulberry street, and at the Union Depot, Macon, Ga., 30 minutes prior to the leav ing of all trains, WM. ROGERS, G. A. WHITEHEAD, Gen.Supt., Sav, Gen. Pass. Agt. Sav. T. D. Kline, A. C. Knapp. Supt. Macon. Agt. Macon. W. F. Seullman, Traffic Mang’r., Sav. “D” daily* ‘D E S,” daily except Sunday. CAMPBELL'S ONE SPOON Yellow Pine- Lumier, Of Every Description, Rough and t Dressed. Framing Lumber, Ceiling, Flooring Weatherboarding, Staves, Shingles, Laths, Pence Pickets. VEGETABLE AND FKUIT CRATES. connected vviq ^"Steam Saw and Planing Mills in Emanuel County, Midville by Private Railroad and Telephone Lines. April 6th, 1886. 39 Cm. LANDRETH’S Seed Potatoes! EARLY ROSE, PEERLESS, GOODRICH, at the Drug Store of C. L. CASE. MilledgeviUe, Ga., Feb. 23, 1886. Wool Carding. T AM prepared to do Wool-Carding 1 at my place, at Scottsboro. Wool Spectacles and Eye-Glasses OLD IYIS MADS DEV! A N astonishing announcement wb will please the people, is that JOSEPH MILLER) May 4. 1886. lm. Baking Powder! For — n " 1 '” sent to my address at MilledgeviUe, Ga., will be promptly carded and re turned. All persons shipping wool to me should, also, mark plainly tlieh* ow r n name and address on the package, so that no mistake can be made in re turning carded wool. , A. CORMANNI. MilledgeviUe, Ga., March 2, 1885. tf ?ale by C. L. CASE, Druggist. MilledgeviUe, Ga., Jan. 26, ’86. 43 1 r PHE “PEEPERS” “OUR BOOM” 1 PRINCE EDWARD,” all favorite brands of Cigars, at 5 cts. at C. L. CASE'S Drug Store. Milledgevilie, Ga., Jan. 20,13S0. 43 ly has the largest, and one or the best seleC ed stocks of “King’s Combination" Spec 1 ; cles and Eye Glasses, in the State of gia. We have studied to supply thei ne of every eye requiring assistance, and wh our large stock and long experience, guarantee to fit the eye. Call ana. , them in prices ranging from 25c to *»■•] JOSEPH MILLEII, The Jeweler and Optician | MilledgeviUe, Ga., Jan. 5,188G. - J Onion Sets At C. L. CASE ? S Drug Store. [IB -aCfARETTES and Cigarette hole j at C. L. CASE’S Drug Store. MilledgeviUe, Ga., Jan. 26,1886. 10 ‘ Harrison’s Combined Writing and C J j ing Fluid for sale at this office. S D pe M dr $ Se Ba A 10 A l va laj mi at