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AgriculturEl ’DEpartment.
Southern Agriculture.
We think most of our writers have
UtakeL the true policy for restoring
prosperity to our cotton section. We
have on several occasions presentee
our views on this subject, and we
brief, v present them again.
Much has been said about money
crops. Cotton is not the only money
crop. All crops are intended for mon
ey crops; corn, wheat, oats, dairying
and everything grown or raised on a
farm is intended for a money crop.
The cereals are grown to save the
monev that "would be paid for them
if they had to be bought. Hogs and
cattle are raised to save tiie money
that would be paid for meat: and so of
other productions. It is self evident
that cotton cannot be a successful
money crop to the man who ^ expends
more monev to make it than it brings
him after it is made; and so of any
other product of the farm. The rem
edy is to make everything that is
grown or raised on a farm, worth
more than the cost of _ growing
or raising it. JSverv agriculturist,
rich or poor, should study this prob
lem. We bold that it is in the power
of every farmer to make the produc
tions of his farm worth more than the
cost 'if production. That is the great
secret of success. Men must learn to
know that they cannot accomplish
impossibilities. He might as soon
look for snow Hakes on a hot summer
dav, or rain without clouds under
burning sunbeams. He might as well
attempt to check a cyclone with a
palmetto fa A. If lie can only work
ten acres and make them yield him
more than the work costs, it is the
supremest follv to work twenty with
the hope of success and especially if
the 20 w'ill yield him only one fourth
or fifth of the cost of the work.
Many farmers owe their misfortunes
to themselves. The farmer ought to
know the yielding capacity of his
land. If a 20 acre farmer knows that
20 acres will yield him only four bales
of cotton, he ought to know that the
work of the 20 acres will cost him at
least live times as much as the four
bales will yield him in money. If the
20 acres cause as many, or nearly as
many days, to get over and take out
the grass his crop will be lost, for it
should l>e gone over every 8 or 10
davs. The inference is plain. Use
less land, fill it with manure, almost
of all kinds, horse, cow, compost, gua
no. ashes, decayed vegetable matter,
charge it with humus. Plow’ when
the ground is a little more than halt
dry, and that itself will be equal to
a good manuring. Ho all this and the
ten acres will make 10 or 12 bales of
cotton. Let all the other crops be
treated the same way, and all will be
money crops, and the cry of hard
times would be heard no more in the
land.
Thk South.—With all her troubles
the pluck of our Southern people
breathes the true spirit of progress.
Manv are pursuing the true policy in
agriculture and by degrees all will
eventually fall into the line of culture
which, we have been suggesting. . If
our papers would unite in advocating
it. our entire section would soon be in
a high state of prosperity. As to man
ufacturing our section i> on the right
track. We can beat the North in
that industry in iron, steei, and miner
al productions. With even moderate
changes in the tariff our progress will
be onward and upward. The whole
country, unmistakably shows this.
Labor is never inadequate, for if the
laborers in this country withdraw,
there are a plenty of new comers from
abroad every year to supply their
places, so that the high duties enure
to the benefit almost exclusively of
the manufacturers. The report of
the commissioners of emigration show
that the number of foreigners that ar
rived at New York alone was 340,149
in the year 1885.
Florida Orange Trees.—The
people in every section were much in
terested about the orange trees of
Florida during the bitter and freez
ing cold spells of last winter. Cor
rect information from that state is to
the effect that but a very few of the
old trees were injured seriously. Ma
ny >^ere at one time • supposed to be
killed, or so greatly injured as to be
lit only for fuel. *lt turns out that
but a very few suffered to that ex
tent. The account is that the old
Trees are in fine condition and will
furnish this year as good fruit as ever.
Not an orange grove can be bought
lor a dollar less than last year. This
is very gratifying to all the lovers of
That delicious fruit.
The Franklin Review and Journal,
of Tenn.. says: “W. L. Wilkes has
sold his crop of Bartlett pears from 15
acres for £3,000 to Mr. Nobles, of Cin
cinnati. This is the second$3,000 crop J
which Mr. Wilkes has sold from the
orchard within the last four or five
years, besides other small crops, ag
gregating something near $8,000 in
that time, or an average of near $2,000
a year from 15 acres of land in pears,
while the expense of keeping it up has
been a mere trifle/’
A COAL OPERATOR,
With a Thousand Dollar Experi
ence.
MR. w. P. JOHNSON,
Whose picture adorns the head of
this column, is an extensive coal and
wood dealer, at No. 36 N. Broad St.,
Atlanta, Ga.
He said lately in presence of a re
porter : “My business necessitates a
good deal of exposure upon me, and
last winter, owing to this fact, I was
attacked with a very severe case of
inflammatory rheumatism.
“Wliat 1 suffered from this dread
disease can better be imagined than
described.
“I did everything I could to cure
myself. 1 tried every means in my
power and every remedy left me as
bad or worse than I was before. I
could not raise my hand to my head,
and it looked as if, even if I were rid
of the disease, its effects would
CRIPPLE ME FOR LIFE.
“About four weeks ago I was per
suaded to try Hunnicutt’s Rheumatic
Cure, and my relief was almost in
stantaneous. I am now on my fourth
bottle, and 1 am as sound a man as
there is in Georgia.
“Have I any objection to the pub
lication of these facts? Not the least
in the world, and 1 only hope they
will meet the eye of every person suf
fering as 1 was, and that they will be
lieve, try, and be cured; and I want
to say right here that I would not, for
one thousand dollars, be in the condi
tion 1 was, when 1 began using the
remedy which made me whole again
—Hunnicutt’s Rheumatic Cure.
“1 also have been a great sufferer
from indigestion and stomach troubles
—dyspepsia, in fact—and since I be
gan the use of the Cure this has en
tirely left me, and I have as good and
sound digestion and appetite as I ev
er had.”
This wonderful remedy for the cure
of all kinds of Rheumatism and all
Blood and Kidney Diseases, is now
sold at $1.00 a bottle by all druggists.
Manufactured by J. M. Hunnicutt &
Co., Atlanta, Georgia.
A correspondent of the American
•Cultivator sends in the following rec
ipe for breaking up the sitting habit
in hens. Shut up the hen in a close
coop, feed as much Indian meal at a
t ime as can be rubbed in a quantity
of hog's lard the size of an egg. Con-
tinuethis regimen for three or four
days, and the most inveterate sitter
will be cured.
In a test made by, an Ohio pork-
raiser lie found that a bushel of corn
fed from the cob made 9 pounds of
pork. A bushel, of corn boiled made
13$ pounds of pork, and a bushel ©f
meal looked made 164 pounds.
Now' that the bill against bogus
butter has passed the house, it is pos
sible that some Kentucky statesman
will make a move against imitation
whisky.
Old-Time Farming.
Our veteran Georgia farmer, Major
John H. Dent, of Floyd county, in a
letter to the ‘Country Gentleman,’
makes this reference to a much-dis
cussed subject : What has operated
much against the farmers of late days
is depending so largely (or 1 may say,
entirely depending) on expensive
bought fertilizers, instead of raising
crops that w ould leave vegetable mat
ter to turn under to benefittheir lands.
Making lot manures has nearly been
abandoned, as it was found so conve
nient to purchase the commercial fer
tilizers, not taking into consideration
the expense of such fertilizers, and in
some cases their worthlessness. This
unwise system has ruined many, both
in pecuniary results and in using fer
tilizers that were of no permanent
benefit to their lands. Humus we
need; without humus, the lands will
not hold moisture; hence so much
complaint is made of drouths. To
sum it up in a few words, the best of
lands and most favorable of seasons,
cannot maintain any farmer who
buys his fertilizers and all his food
supplies. We want going back to the
old-time, common-sense farming— en
tirely self-sustaining and independent.
There is too much gilt-edge about it
now—more fancy than substance—
when we should remind ourselvfs that
“it is not all gold that glitters."
Forage Crops.
Would German millet and speckled
peas, sown broadcast together, make
a good forage for horses? If so when
ought they to be sown, and what ma
nured with? If there is any better
method, please inform me. Also what
would be good in this climate for ear
ly spring cutting, green for horses,
something easily raised.— C. S. L.,
Richland Co., B. *C.
Answ er.—German millet and peas
would make a good combination, if
both matured or were ready to cut at
the same time; but the millet would
have to be cut before the peas had
made full growth. Sow' the millet by
itself and sow corn and peas together;
the latter is an excellent combination.
For all, the land should be manured,
either with lot and stable manure, or
a combination of phosphate and cot
ton seed meal—say 200 pounds of
phosphate and 800 pounds of meal
per acre. These crops may be sown
from the first of May to the last of
July.
Rye is the best crop for early green
feed. It stands any degree of cold,
shoots up early, grow\s tali and can be
cut easily.—Southern Cultivator.
Hoven.—The Toronto Mail says :
Hoven, the result of eating too much
green clover in pastures, is easily pre
vented. Have a good straw stack ac
cessible to cattle, and they will always
eat sufficien t of the dry stuff to neu
tralize the evil effect of clover. If one
lias no stack then give a small ration
of dry hay or straw each day. If the
trouble appears, administer to the af
fected animal, as soon as discovered,
five or six tablespoonfuls of spirits of
turpentine. Unless the subject is too
tar gone to stand, this will give relief.
| THE SOUTHERN AGRICUL
TURAL SITUATION.
A correspondent of the New' York
! Commercial Advertiser, writing from
| New Berne, N. C., in regard to the all
I cotton system, has these interesting
statements and suggestions:
It is this ruinous system that has
led to the enormous interest rates re-
i ferred to in the statistics. Leaders of
southern thought have long had their
eyes open to the evils of this system,
j Such influential papers as the New
i Orleans Times-Democrat, The Atlan
ta Constitution and the Charleston
News and Courier have published
columns of argument and expostula
tion while trying to create a move
ment in favor of diversified farming.
The agricultural business of North
and South Carolina and Georgia have
done everything possible to the same
! end, and the National Cotton Plant-
| ers’ Association, a most excellent and
progressive society, has joined with
all other agencies in trying to produce
a change. YVhile none of these ef
forts have been in vain, but have in
every cotton-producing state, induc
ed many citizens to diversify their
agriculture, yet the majority of plant
ers and small farmers still stick to
cotton.
There are several reasons, for this.
One was told me by a Georgian I met
on a train the other day, who began
discussing this subject of liis own ac
cord. After telling how the system
worked, lie said, in reply to a ques
tion: “Here’s the trouble, sir. We
all w r ant some one else to try some
thing new, and if he makes a hit,
then we’ll all follow'. Many's the
time me and my neighbors has talked
this over at Sunday meetings, w'hile
we sat around the spring, and all a-
greed The Constitution had the right
of it, and we’d shut down on cotton
and go in for corn and hogs. But
when planting time came round I've
looked into their fields and saw' all
were going in for cotton 'bout as usu
al, and so I’ve done like the rest.
You see, if I liadrPt, and they’d chanc
ed to make a hit, because prices rose
then I should a felt like a fool.' 1
Another reason why many plant
nothing but cotton is that the plan
ter's merchant creditor will not agree
to carry him otherwise. Having been
caught in the meshes of this net,
there is no escape for the victim. He
and his are but tenants at will of the
real owner, and in so far as mere crea
ture comforts go, are actually w'orse
off than were the slaves under their
masters. A third and controlling
reason is that cotton is the only cash
crop. One gentleman of large infor
mation, a thorough farmer and care
ful economist, said he could not afford
to grow r cotton alone, for he should
lose money and run into bankruptcy.
“But,” he said, “cotton is my bank
of exchange. It’s the only product of
my farm that I can send to market
and turn into cash—I'm too far from
transportation to make other ship
ments pay. The money 1 get from
cotton, whether much or little, repre
sents the net cash earnings of my
year's work. The cost of my living,
and the cost of making my cotton is
all paid from my farm. I sell butter,
eggs and chickens. Sometimes a fat
ox, or o few sheep or lambs. Most of
what my family and people consume
is raised on the place. I keep an ac
count of every field, every crop, and
I all other departments—my invest-
j merits are all made with money that
cotton brings, but that all these
others have made.”
It is true that The Constitution [las
written hundreds of columns on this
important subject, and its efforts, w r e
believe, have had some effect. At
any rate, it has demonstrated the fact
that where a farmer will raise his own
supplies, making cotton his cash cro
he will be reasonably successful,
he does not put by any great amount
of money for a rainy day, he will at
least have the satisfaction of knowing
that he is even with the w r orld. But
It should be borne in mind that the
successful management of a farm,
under the extraordinary conditions
under which southern farmers labor,
requires special intelligence, tact and
experience.
We say extraordinary conditions.
The truth is they are something more
than extraordinary, albeit they have
come to be a natural and an inevita
ble part of every southern farmer’s
experience. The agricultural situa
tion in the South must be very diffi
cult for a northern editor or a north
ern correspondent to understand,
since it is misunderstood daily even
by our own people w ho ought to be
thoroughly familiar with it.
The situation, briefly stated, is this
that no matter how unprofitable a
cotton crop may be from a business
point of view, the farmers of the
South are nevertheless compelled to
raise it. In point of fact, it is a crop
that cannot be raised profitably for a
less price than ten cents a pound. It
will be seen, therefore, that there
have been many periods in their his
tory when southern farmers raised
and marketed enormous crops of cot
ton at a loss. A northern or western
farmer would doubtless say that the
remedy for losses of that character is
a very simple one—namely:to stop cul
tivating the staple. And yet, so far
as the southern farmer is concerned,
this is no remedy at all, This is no
paradox, but a plain fact. For, no
matter how much the farmers may
loose by raising cotton, a certain a-
mount of cash is indispensibie in their
business, and cotton is their only cash
crop. They are compelled to grow it,
even at a loss, for it is the only crop
that will bring them in ready money.
This is the situation, and there is but
one remedy for it.
The correspondent of the Commer
cial Advertiser quotes one farmer as
saying that his trouble is lack of trans
portation; that is to say he is “too far
from transportation to make other
shipments pay/? The trouble, as we
have pointed out in these columns be
fore, is not a lack of transportation,
but the lack of home markets w'hieli
are absolutely necessary to the com
plete success of the southern farmers.
If. like the farmers of the north and
west, they had home markets where
the products of diversified agriculture
could be as readily turned into cash
as the cotton crop, then the farmers
of this section would have an immense
advantage. They would still ha\ e
cotton, and, with it, all the other pro
ducts of the soil, as money crops
The free traders say that the tantl
tax on the tools and clothes of the
southern farmer is all that is keeping
him down, but any person of common
sense knows that if the southern
farmer was provided with Ins clothe*
and tools for nothing, lie would still
labor under {he disadvantage of being
compelled to devote his attention to
an unprofitable cotton crop in order
to secure a little ready money. His
land w'ould not be improved in value,
his farm w ould bring him in no great
er profit, and he would still be the
victim of a situation which can be
improved only by a system of internal
economy that will give our people
home markets.—Augusta Chronicle.
POWDER
Absolutely Pure.
This powder never varies. A marvel of
purity, strength ana wholesomeness. More
economical than the ordinary kinds, and
cannot be sold in competition with the
multitude of low test, short weight, alum
or phosphate powders. Sold only in cans,
Royal Baking Powder Co., 106 Wall St.
New York. - 15 lira
Would have been written on the Waitzfelder Building over the door
of
L
H, WOOD & 00.
If they had not sold good goods cheap and worked hard to attract
business. Our extremely low prices and meritorious goods have in
creased our business' hundreds of dollars above what it was last
Spring, and profiting by our experience, we shall continue to giy Q
Bargains to Consumers!
Throughout the coming season. We invite attention to a lot of
NEW ORLEANS SYBUPS, which we bought low and are selling
accordingly.
SUGAR IN BBLS. AND HALF BBLS., COFFEE BY THE
SACK OR DOLLAR’S WORTH AND TOBACCO BY THE BOX
OR PLUG, are our specialties.
We have a few packages of Mackerel, Macaroni, Preserves, Pickles
and Buckwheat to close out at greatly reduced prices.
We keep the celebrated FLOATING SOAP, 3 bars for 25c.
£*pCall and get our figures.
L. H. WOOD & CO.,
No. 18 S. Wayne Street, Milledgeyille, Ga.
April 20, 1886. 31 ly
Brick! Brick l Brick l
1,000,000 FIRST-CLASS BRICK for SALE.
P ARTIES intending to build on the line of the Georgia or Central Railroads, would
do well to consult us before making a contract.
First-Class Paving Brick a Specialty.
We are making Brick with the latest Improved Machinery, on the celebrated Cara-
ker yard.
BRICK DELIVERED TO ANY PART OF TOWN.
«?*We take pleasure in referring to Maj.J. FUSS, Architect and Building Superin
tendent.
foster & McMillan,
Contractors and Builders.
Milledgeville, Ga., June 10th, 1885. - 48 ly
Central aiut Soutn western Railroads.
by
which is 36
minutes slower than time kept by City.]
Savannah, Ga., Nov. 15, 1885.
N AND AFTER THIS DATE, PAS-
„ SENGERTrains on the Central and
Southwestern Railroads and branches will
run as follows:
GOING NORTH.
[All trains of this system are run
Standard (90) Meridian time,
0 :
Leave No. 51.
Savannah, D
Arrive No. 51.
Augusta D
Macon D
Atlanta D
Columbus D
Perry D E S
Fort Gaines
Blakeley
Eufaula
Albany D
Montgomery.. D
Milledgeville
Eatonton . ..
No. 53.
8.40 a.m.. D 8.10 pm
No. 53.
3.43 pm... D 6.15 am
4.20 pm... D 3.20 a m
9.35 pm... D 7.32 am
3.42 am... D 215pm
8.45 p m D ES 12.05 p m
DES 4.38pm
DES 7.10 p rn
D 4.06 p ru
10.45 pm.. D 2.45 p m
7.25 p m
D E S 5.49 p in
DES 7.40 p m
Yi
Connections at Terminal Points.
At Augusta—Trains 51 and 53 con
nect with outgoing trains of Georgia
Railroad, Columbia, Charlotte and Augus
ta Railroad, and South Carolina Railroad.
Train 53 Connects with outgoing train on
Augusta and Knoxville Railroad. Train 51
connects with trains for Sylvania, Wrights-
ville and Louisville.
At Atlanta—Trains 51 and 53 connect
with Air Line and Kennesaw routes to all
points North and East, and with ail di
verging roads Tor local stations.
• COMING SOUTH.
Leave—Nos.
Augusta . 18 D
Macon — 52 D
Atlanta—52 D
Columbus 20 D
Nos.
9.30 am..20 D 9.30 p ra
9.40 am..54 D 10.50 p m
6.00 am..54 D 6.50 pm
9.00 p m.. 6 D 11.10 a m
Perry 24D ES6.00am. .22 D ES3.00p m
Ft. Gaines 28 ” 10.05 am
Blakeley 26 ** 8.15 am
Eufaula 2 D 10.55 am
Albany 4 D 4.10 am.. 26 14 1215 pm
Montg’ry 2 D 7 30 am
Mill’dg’ve 25 D E S 6.37 a m
Eatonton 25 D E S 5.15 a m
Arrive—No. No.
Savannah. 52 D 4.07 pm.. 54 D 5.55 am
Conueclions at Savannah with Savannah*
Florida and Western Railway for ail points
in Florida. , A _
Local Sleeping Carson all Night Pas
senger Trains between Savannah and Au
gusta, Savannah and Macon, Savannah
and Atlanta, Macon and Columbus.
Tickets for all points and sleep ng oar
berths on sale at the ticket office, No. lOtK
Mulberry street, and at the Union Depot,
Macon, Ga., 30 minutes prior to the leav
ing of all trains,
WM. ROGERS, G. A. WHITEHEAD,
Gen.Supt.,Sav. Gen. Pass. Agt. Sav.
T. D. Kline, A. C. Knapp.
Supt. Macon. Agt. Macon.
W. F. Shellman, Traffic Mang’r., Sav.
“D” daily 4 ‘D E 8,” daily except Sunday.
CAMPBELL'S ONE SPOON
Baking Powder!
For sale by
C. L. CASE, Druggist.
Milledgeville, Ga., Jan. 26, ’86. 43 1
Car Load of Nails.
T HAVE JUST RECEI\ T FD a car
I load of Nails which I will sell as
anywhere,
cheap as they can be had
at wholesale or retail.
JOSEPH STALEY:
Milledgeville, Feb., 15th, 1886. [32 It
HAGAN’S
Magnolia Balm
is a secret aid to beauty.
Many a lady owes her fresh
ness to it; who would rather
not tell; and you cant tell.
LUMBER! LUMBER!!
I have moved my Saw Mill into a fine lot of timber, six miles
south of Milledgeville, and am prepared to fill orders promptly for
any and
Ai! kinds of Lumber at the Lowest Prices,
in any quantity. Will fill orders and deliver lumber on short
notice.
W. H. H. BARNES,
April 6tli, 1886. 39 3m
Agricultural Implements
—AND—
C3-T7 JL3STOS I
As the prosperity of every country depends upon the success^ of
agriculture, and realizing the necessity of tliet liorough breaking of
land and cultivation of the crop, I have supplied myself with v
large lot of two and one horse Plows of the best makes, consisting of
the Syracuse, Benton & Harber, White’s Clipper, Meikle’s Blue
Pony and the Boss, and I also have a large lot of Steel Plows,
Haiman and Southern Plow Stocks, single and double, and farming
implements generally. To all who use Guano, I would recommend the
Chesapeake or Pendleton Goods!
And to all who -would like to have a Pump put in their wells, I
would recommend the Buckeye Force Pump, which myself and
many others have been using with perfect satisfaction for some
time. All who wish to supply themselves with any of the above
articles will do well to call and examine my stock and get my prices
before buying elsewhere.
29 ly
Milledgeville, Ga., Jan. 26th, 1886.
Midville, Ga., 94 C. R. R.,
—MANUFACTURE—
Yellow Pine Lumber,
Of Every Description, Rough and Dressed.
Framing Lumber, Ceiling, Flooring,
Weatherboarding, Staves, Shingles, Laths, Fence Pickets.
VEGETABLE AND FRUIT CRATES.
•HTSteam Saw and Planing Mills in Emanuel County, connected with
Midville by Private Railroad and Telephone Lines.
April 6th, 1886.
39 6m.
Machine Shop.
T HAVE REMOVED my Machine
I Shop from Milledgeville to Scotts-
boro, where I am prepared to do any
and all kinds of work in iron and
metal. Any person having intricate
or particular w ork in repairing would
do well to call on me. My P. O. ad
dress is MilledgeviUe, Ga.
A. CORMANNI.
March 2d, 1886. 34 tf
Spectacles and Eye-Glasses.
Wool Carding.
I AM prepared to do Wool-Carding
at my place, at Scottsboro. Wool
sent to my address at Milledgeville,
Ga., w’ill be promptly carded and re
turned. All persons shipping wool to
me should, also, mark plainly their
ow n name and address on the package, 1
so that no mistake can be made in re-i
turning carded wool.
A. CORMANNI.
Milledgeville, Ga., March 2, 1885. tf
THE “PEEPERS’’ “OUR BOOM’’
1 “PRINCE EDWARD,” all favorite
brands of Cigars, at 5 cts. at C. L. I
CASE'S Drug Store.
Milledgeville, Ga., Jan. 26,18SG. 43 ly
OLD EYES HADE NEW!
A N astonishing announcement which
will please the people, is that
JOSEPH MILLER
has the largest, and one of the best select
ed stocks of ‘‘King’s Combination” Specta
cles and Eye Glasses, in the State of Geor
gia. We have studied to supply the need
of every eye requiring assistance, and with
our large stock and long experience, we
guarantee to fit the eye. Call and see
them in prices ranging from 25c to $3.00.
JOSEPH MILLER,
The Jeweler and Optician,
Milledgeville, Ga.. Jan. 5,1886. 26 tf
c h o i c estorybooksT
Games, Toys, Ac., for the little ones.
Croquet Sots.
Hammocks, Fishing Tackle, all at
nrices to suit the times.
C. L. CASE, Druggist.
Milledgeville, Jan. 26, ‘S6. 43 ly_
“Harrison’sCombined Writing and Copy
ing Fluid for sale at this office.