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Heredity And Inrironment. ADDRESS OF DR- T. 0. POWELL, PRESIDENT OF THE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OF GEORGIA And Superintendent of the State Lunatic Asylum, at the Annual Meeting of the Association in Atlanta in April 1887. Gentlemen of the Medical Associa tion of Georgia; Ladies and Gentle men: You will doubtless think that 1 have selected a rather singular sub ject for your attention when 1 an nounce Heredity and Environment as the theme of the annual address. My apology for going outside of the class or subjects usual on similar occasions must be that, in my judgment, there is no question of such vital import to the human race, and none so much neglected as heredity and environ ment, so far as they relate to this race. In this address I must be content to speak only of some of the most form idable inherited tendencies to disease, and the induced or acquired morbid habits that are readily transmitted, and which do not appear in the de scendants in a stereotyped form, but are manifested in an‘endless variety of morbid forms. Every tendency or quality of the physical uml mental condition of man, such as will, intelli gence, sentiment, passion, etc., of the healthy and morbid alike, is capable of more or less direct transmission. Hence heredity and environment are very important factors in the forma tion of the character of a people, men ially, physically and morally. These features are fixed in a people as in a family. Heredity can he traced di rectly through some of the most form idable diseases to which we are sub ject; and when both parents have de fective organisms, it is a physical cer- tainty that their peculiarities will be manifested in their offspring in some form. Ribot says, ‘Heredity is that biological law by which all beings en dowed with life tend to repeat them selves in their descendants.” The masses look to the medical profession for the enunciation of the laws of life and health, and it is certainly incum bent upon us to inculcate hygienic truths, and, as far as possible, impress upon the minds of the masses the dan ger of disregarding that biological law of heredity and environment. Moreover, it behooves the profession not only to give their hearty sympa thy, but to be co-workers also in eve ry effort that tends to promote the health and improvement of the hu man race. Hut this duty does not de volve upon the medical profession alone, and the neglect of heredity and environment cannot be laid solely at their door. The responsibility rests upon all professions alike, inasmuch as a violation of the inexorable law of nature, and the legitimate results its violation, are destructive to so ciety, to the powers of a government, and to the physical and psychological powers alike of the human raw. It is evident to all who have given any attention to heredity that the out come of violating natural laws is to increase the mental anxiety, the bur dens, the disease, the suffering, the depravity and crime of a people. Our civilized and Christian communities and governments foster nurseries for breeding, developing and perpetua ting these morbid tendencies. It is a blot upon our civilization; and, alas, be it said upon our Christian intelli gence. The laws of health, religion, obedience and civilization ure insepar able. They go “hand in hand.” Our civilization is due to religious influ ences. If we could get the true etiol ogy of much of our depravity and crime, it would point directly to he redity and bad environments as the predisposing and exciting factors. In my judgment we will not be justified in hoping for an elimination, or even an abatement of these inherited mor bid tendencies so long as they are fos tered by society and a mistaken be nevolence. But our susceptibilities to them will continue to increase, in e/ieh sue- ••eeding generation, in the same ratio that we disregard the functions that resist disease and neglect the proper means for neutralizing and eliminat ing the poison that lurks within our constitution, whether there by trans mission, or induced, or acquired by our own acts through the influence of our surroundings. The sooner we recognize the fact that the native, mental, physical and moral endow ments are inherited, just as readily as the general appearance in form and ieatures, the better tor our race; and better still, when we recognize the truth that maladies and abnormal conditions are, to a large extent, pre ventable. Hence the necessitv of know ing our antecedent history, and our in 'ural tendencies to disease should 1 held in check by avoiding all extern surroundings that would be likely i damage the physical and mental i tegrity, considering at all times ai under all circumstances the fami defects. No family should hesitate < fail to give to their family physicie as far as possible, a full and comple history of their antecedents, dire and remote; their tendencies to heah and disease, their tastes, habits, ar idiosyncrasies; but. should confer wit the physician freely as to the natur tendencies of their children, and ius i what sort of mental training and e rironments they should have, and eve in regard to the business callings of lif The transmission of physiologic morbid processes is seen every dnv, c every side, and-in every communifc And it should be remembered th: this law is operative alike upon bol the mental and physical powers has been my duty 'for years to ea for many of this unfortunate das and my observation, and the recon of the institution over which preside, will show to our shan that a majority of these me adies point back to heredity. : InrtK 0S *J )< l te . nt , cause; they sho lurther that it is not necessary l any means, that the defects of tl parent should be fully developed order to transmit to the children ten dencies to morbid conditions. 1 dare say that all alienist, and the histories of all cases in similar institutions, if they could be correctly obtained, would bear me out in these state ments. It would bo not difficult to pro duce instances of families once pos- Besesd of great mental and physical powers, and good morals, who have married into defective families, and continued to do so, for pecuniary and other considerations, until they have degenerated, physically, mentally and morally, becoming a burden to them selves and to society; and in some cases those families have faded out en tirely, without giving a thought to heredity, or to tno inevitable conse quences of the violation of that bio logical law. The strong stand by al most without an effort to correct or check these great evils, or to prevent the perpetuation of such deplorable conditions, when so much might be accompliHbed by proper training and education—the only forces through which help can be had. Is not this a sad commentary on our civilization Rnd Christian intelligence? There was a bill introduced in trio last legislature looking to the education of our youth in the laws of life, and the functions of living beings. What became of it? It died for the want of sufficient sup port. I cannot say wl» it was not supported; but the probabilities are 11 wit the vital importance of this measure to the human race was not fully appreciated, if we neglect to educate tiie masses so that they will understand and appreciate the laws of health and the natural principles which underlie human development, degeneration will follow. It is not presumed that mankind in general, and especially the young, when they are so susceptible to all sorts of bad influences, will guard against danger unless they apprehend that danger exists. But when the danger is known, to avoid it is natural. Why is it that we see the people who dwell near the track of the cyclone insur ing their property, and digging pits? The answer is easy. They understand and appreciate the danger to lift* and property from these storms; and they doall in their power to guard their lives and property against future in jury. is it not reasonable to suppose that we would have the same fore thought and observe the Hume cau tion, if we knew that we were sucepti- hle to any particular disease; if we know that there was a sleeping maga zine deeply and securely fixed within our constitution simply needing a match, the slightest exciting cause, to produce a fearful and destructive explosion? With such acknowledge would wo not culti vate the healthy tendencies, and develop stronger and more vigor ous constitutions, so as to bo better qualified to resist the attacks of des tructive iniluences; and if the morbid tendencies are not cultivated, they will gradually, in many cases, become atrophied, and, with proper marriages and healthy surroundings, will ul timately fade out. Many of us are living to-day by accident. Some of our ancestors had perhaps consump tive diathesis, and by fortuitious, cir cumstances married into vigorous and healthy families, free from all un healthy taint, and hence we are liv ing. Levy says: ‘“To be born of healthy niul strong parents is to have a good chance of longevity.” If the laws of biology and the effects of the violation of the physiological laws were properly understood, is it not reasonable that they would be regard ed more than they are now? The only hope is in the proper mental training ami education at home and in our schools. If this should fail would it not be just, wise and humane, anil would not the dictates of humanity, demand that there should be a board of health in every county composed of the best, the most cultured and conscientious physicians, whose duty it should be to give a certificate, so far as relates to the mental and physi cal condition of parties before they could obtain marriagelicense? I fully appreciate the difficulties and the apparent impracticability of such a law, and allude to it simply for the sake of humanity. I know that the hue anil cry would be that the liber ties and the rights of the people were being taken from them; but so far as their rights are concerned, do not such marriages not only take away the liberty of their posterity, but do they not surely entail upon them de formity, suffering, disease, depravi ty, crime and death? Is it not true that r large number that spring from such marriages, ultimately drift into the penitentiaries; that many die in early life from consumption, alcohol ism ami that others die on the gallows and by suicide? Many get into alms houses—others drift into various hu mane and charitable institutions. If this class can be deprived of liberty by a jury of twelve men, why could 1 not the defectives, with equal justice and humanity, be deprived of the right to intermarry, and leave such a legaev to their posterity and to socie ty? Is it surprising that like should generate or produce like? If not, then the nature of heredity for the good of the human race should engage our most earnest and active attention. We have wholesome laws in regard to some diseases, by which the liberties of the people are restricted to prevent their spread, because it would be hurtful to the public health. For in stance, yellow fever, smallpox, etc. Individuals and communities are quar antined, and in the case of smallpox, they are required or forced if necess ary to submit to vaccination. These diseases are not half so formidable and destructive, or hurtful to the public health, or the productive pow ers of a government, or the harmony of society, as some hereditary diseases or acquired morbid conditions which are readily transmitted in various morbid forms, such as alcoholism, syphiletie taint and the like; nor does it cost millions to care for them. It is evident that the masses do not con sider or appreciate predisposing caus es of disease, or the potentialities of the future iu regard to them. Wo are frequently asked if we would advise against the marriage of children whose parents were the. subjects of hereditary taint, or acquired morbid iiabitsthat are transmitted. Only un der certain circumstances would we advise against it. Investigation, be fore advising, should relate to the na ture and cause of the morbid tenden cies, and the amount of predisposition to a diseased diathesis, and whether inherited or acquired anil if manifest ed in the parents in any way prior to the conception or birth of the chil dren. And in this connection it should be remembered that the normal and morbid, In their physielal anil mental natures, are governed by the same law. All of the indications of each case should bo thoroughly considered. Accidental causes that occur after the birth of children should not be regard ed as predisposing causes, nor should senile imbecility. No one having a remote or direct tendency to a con sumptive diathesis, should marry into a family with the same diathesis or a neurotic or insane diathesis, for in sanity is frequently a symptom of con sumption. They keep pace one with tho other, and there is a close relation between the two. Nor should they marry Into families of alcoholic dia thesis, or families of syphalitic taint. In other words, defective organisms should not intermarry; but they and their decenilants should marry into families of vigorous, healthy constitu tions, free from all defects, at the same time cultivating the normal niul hold ing in check the morbid, by good en vironments. In my judgment, if all the endow ments were well considered In marri age and pursued methodically, the general results would be for the im provement of tho human race. The phenomena of reversional heredity or ativism, occasionally occurs in the human race in apparently healthy families, having children of defective organisms. We some times see this illustrated in color alone. 1 know a tall, bright mulatto man who married a bright mulatto, and they have nine children, all mulattoes, save two. One of these is a blended color while the other is as black as black can be; but ho is the image of his father in every particular; shape, form, height, feet,' limbs, carriage and voice, hav ing all of the characteristics of his father, and to see them together, would be to know that the tall, black man was tho son of the mulatto. His grandmother was also a very bright mulatto, but his grandfather was a short, stout, very bluck negro, and this man simply inherited the color of his grandfather. In regard to ativism, or reversional heredity in the lower order of animals the stock raisers appreciate it and understand it. They generally call it “breeding back,” a very good name. In the human race, when this law is indi cated in a tendency to be disobedi ent, cruel or depraved on the part of one of the children of a good moral family, the child manifesting these ten dencies generally receives the same routine training and is influenced by the same surroundings at homeland at school as the other children of differ ent tendencies; hence this condition grows with his growth, and the fami ly is frequently very much surprised at liis conduct. , As" soon as he gets from under tho family influence, he conies in contact with bad environ ments that are fostered by society, anil he goes rapidly to ruin, leaving perhaps, a blotnipon the otherwise bright pages of the family record. If the natural tendencies of this child lmd been properly considered, and his mental training and surroundings made favoiable, it is probable that the trouble would have been over come. Such children are usually dubbed “the black sheep” of the fam ily. It is through the influence of this law and bad environment that many strange, sad and unexpected things occur in some of the very best fami lies. Many other illustrations might be given in various forms of morbid conditions and tendencies but the law or reversional heredity is so well es tablished by endless instances that it is not necessary to name them. The laws of heredity are fully ap preciated in their influence upon the lower order of animals in determining strength, speed, symmetry, endur ance, docility, etc., and those engag ed in breeding fine stock carefully scan the animal from head to foot, and make the most diligent inquiry as to the antecedent history, pedi gree and indeed all the qualities, be fore they will select it for breeding purposes. If it is so important to re cognize this law, in obtaining such qualities as we may desire in the low er order of animals, why is it not of equal importance in the human race, when we know the same law is oper ative alike in this race? 1 was force- ably impressed with the attention given to the law of heredity in rear ing fine horses, while in Kentucky. On one occasion I hail the pleasure of visiting a noteil stock farm. There 1 found a highly intelligent gentleman, a scientific man, engaged in rearing fine horses. They were noted for their beauty, speed and endurance, anil when 1 went into his barn 1 saw there the pictures of the original horse anil some of his descendants. The first was one of the most illshap- rd, abnormal looking things 1 ever beheld. He had one quality which was desired to be retained and im proved, namely, speed. He was re garded as fast in his day, and with proper surroundings, and judicious crossing, it was hoped that the de fects in symmetry might be eradica ted. As the pictures went around on the wall, from one generation to an other, the improvement was marked, step by step, until the defects in sym metry had been entirely eliminated, anil the speed of the family had been wonderfully improved. It "is a matter of unspeakable shame that we have not yet learned to value the human animal as men value the horse or the cow or even the pig. Children are bred, taught and developed without reference to natural tendencies or the grand result which should be the aim of all training. Of many of our race it may be said, ‘They were not brought up; they just growed.’ 1 might say here that the manner in which our children are taught at home, and in our schools is frequently productive of much physical and mental suffer- I mg. Barents and teachers over anx ious to push their children forward, stimulate them to longer hours, and crowd them with far more studies, than is conducive to their psychical and physical health. These should be developed in harmony, one with the other ; and it shotdd be remem bered that? no two children are any nioro ulike mentally and physically, than they are in appearance, features, etc. Their natural tendencies should be well considered, and each child’s mental training and surroundings should be determined with an eye to their ileficiences and their needs. I apprehend that this is one of the prin cipal troubles. Teachers should not be overcrowded with pupils, so that they may have opportunities of study ing the peculiarities, or natural ten dencies of each child. No educator can do justice to a child without such a knowledge. I could illustrate by pointing to many cases that have come under my observation, minds and bodies broken down by these hurtful processes. Parents and teach ers were so blinded by their anxiety to see the pupils progress rapidly, that they could not see that such great and continuous mental effort, in the formative stage of life, was more than even an adult brain with the.same tendencies could stand. All educa tional systems should be viewed from a physiological and sanitary stand point. Moral education should be an important feature of home and school training. A failure to educate child ren to obey is fraught with much suf fering to both children and parents; and this particular element of success ful training should claim our most earnest attention. Defective educa tion increases the depravity and dis ease of a people; all educational sys tems that disregard the natural ten dencies and moral training are defec tive. From what germ came our de pravity, suffering and death? From disobedience on the part of Adam and EveT - The same law is still in force; it is the inexorable law of God. If chil dren learn to obey from their youth, it wiil be a fixed principle of their ma ture life, and their will power will be sufficiently strong to come in contact with the business callings of life. Such an education enables them the better to conform to all the laws of health. Self-control is elevating, socially and morally; and it is absolutely necessa ry to health and happiness. The ac tion of the brain is more or less under control of will power. It controls the depraved tendencies, keeping them under subjection, and leads the mind constantly into normal channels, which give healthy mental action.— If obedience to law is not observed in youth the volition will be too weak to resist the depraved tendencies, pas sions and appetites; and utter ruin will, in all probability, be the result, when the untrained come in contact with the world. It is of profound im portance to parents and educators that the will power of children be strictly observed. There is a com mendable interest being manifested in the humane care, treatment and reformation of the criminal. Some of the most philanthropic people have organized a national prison congress, anil are giving much time and thought to the best means of caring for and re forming this unfortunate class. While I know and appreciate the fact that this congress originated intheheartof a noble, philanthropic, Christian gen tleman, and that it has accomplished good, and will accomplish more, yet I believe that if half of the commenda ble zeal manifested for the welfare and reformation of these unfortu nates, after they get into trouble, was manifested in the correction of their hereditary tendencies, and in se curing proper attention to hygienic surroundings in youth and healthy marriages, there would be much less depravity and crime and far less use for Sing-Sing prisons or convict camps, nor would there be so great a demand for almshouses, inebriate asylums and other charitable and humane institu tions. And would not this be the course of true benevolence? I am satisfied if this congress could get at the true et iology of the crime of every oriminal, muon of it. would be due to heredity and bad environment. Much of this trouble is susceptible of mitigation or even entire elimination; but we will not be justified in looking for such reformation in adult life, it must be done in youth. Proper education of the masses is the only force by which we can hope to attain such an end. The science of health must be taught at home, and in our schools. Maudsley says, Knowl edge of ourselves, of our body and the various functions of its organs, and the effects of external objects, would be a most effective antidote, for most of the evils which afflict mankind.” It is not only the duty of the profession, but of society, to as certain the most important factors in the causation of our evils, predispo sing and exciting, and enforce such wholesome laws anil hygienic sur roundings as will check them. Par don me for saying just here, that in my judgment Atlanta, the largest city in the state, and one of the most enterprising and public spirited in the United States, has made a noble and manly effort to remove from her midst one of the most potent factors in the causation of all of our evils. There is a problem not far in the future that will greatly concern the Southern states; and it will not be a matter of little moment. I refer to the care of the criminal Rnil afflicted of the col ored race. Unless there is a radical change in their habits and surroundings we may expect great trouble in the fu ture. The habits and environments of the women are very much like those of the men; and when both par ents have bad habits, or defective or ganisms, it is almost a certainty that the children of such parents will be depraved or defective. lake will beget like. “Whatsoever a man sow- eth that shall he also reap.” I confi dently expect the race to be to us what tho defective foreign immigra tion is to many of the northern, west ern and eastern states. Up to 1867, there was no class of people that en joyed better physical and mental health than the negroes of Georgia. They were then almost entirely exempt from insanity and consumption. They [are now very susceptible to both, and the rapid increase of these dis eases is alarming, when we know that the genuine negro in slavery lmd no inherited predisposition to such a diathesis. Consumption and insanity keep paco one with the other. This fact is well illustrated in the negro. His race had one tendency that was perhaps inherited, and that was a dis position to steal, anil I do not know that they were much to blame for it in that day, as they felt that what their masters had was made by slave labor, and if the laborer could take It without being detected, it was all right and no wrong was done. The successful thief wag regarded by his associates a« bright and shrewd. The crime had no tendency to lower the thief in the estimation of his race, but rather to elevate. Their condition now, in that particular, reminds mo of an anecdote I once heard of a poli tician seeking an office at the hands of the legislature. 1 will not say wheth er this occurred in Milledgevil'le or At lanta. The politician was, of course, passing around, shaking, hands with all the members anil expressing his pleasure on seeing them. While mak ing his rounds ho meets ayoungmem- ber, and immediately exclaims: “Why, J am so glad to see you; how are you. Your father is a warm friend of mine, and 1 am so much attached to him. IIow is your father? “He is dead.” “Why, 1 am so sorry to hear it. When did he die?” “Some time ago." After this conversation the office seeker proceeded to tell what he wanted to do in the service of the dear people, and passed on. Later in the canvass he came around again to this same young member and was very glad to sue him. “Your father is my special friend,” says he. “How is he? “He is still dead, sir,” was the reply. Judging from the convict camps, I apprehend the negroes still have that tendency. As I have said, there is danger that the colored race will be to us, without a radical change, what the defective immigra tion is to many of the northern, west ern and eastern states. While we have been comparatively exempt from this class, wc cannot say bow long we will be so. It is well known that the United States is the asylum for the defective classes of Europe. They have immigrated to the United States, ami here they have intermarried, and continued to generate that defec tive and depraved class, until the situation in many of these States has become alarming. It takes mill ions upon millions to care for them; and those states are endeavoring, through their state medical associa tions, to get congress to prevent their being made a garbage box for Europe. “While it is said that this foreign born immigration only con stitutes one-eiglith of the population, they furnish one-third of the pau pers, one third of the criminals and one-thiril of the insane.” At the last meeting of the State medi cal society of Wisconsin, held in Madison in June last the following resolutions with reference to the immigration of the defective classes were adopted: “Whereas, it is known that a large number of foreigners be longing to the defective classes, such as paupers, criminals, the insane, deaf mutes, blind, idiots, and lepers,^aro annually shipped to this country from other nations; that insanity, pauper ism and crime are increasing rapidly in this country; that the chief cause of this increase is due to the large number of defectives found among the foreign born; “Whereas, The present national law is not sufficiently potent to guard against this indiscriminate immigra tion; and, whereas, the individual states anil territories cannot act in dependently; therefore be it “Resolved, That the president of this society be, and is hereby empow ered to appoint at this session a com mittee of three of its members, to act in the name of the Wisconsin State Medical society, in presenting a me morial to the next legislature, with urgent request that our legislature take immediate steps to place the matter properly before Congress, which body must take final action; and, Resolved, that a copy of these resolutions be presented to each of our United States Senators, to each of our Congressmen and to the president of each state medical society in the United States.” I feel that we ought to give to our Wisconsin Medical society our hearty co-operation, and I hope this associa tion will take such action as may be deemed advisable in the matter, inas much as they have called upon the medical association of Georgia to aid them. To give you some idea of the ground for apprehension so far as it relates to the insane, I will name the total pop ulation, the total insane, anil the ra tio of insane to total population; the native population, native insane, and the ratio of native insane; the foreign population, foreign insane and ratio of foreign insane to foreign popula tion, in several of the states; and I doubt not, the same ratio will hold good in the pauper and criminal classes. New York has a total population of flyo millions, eiglity-two thousand, eight hundred and seventy-one. To tal insane fourteen thousand, one hundred and eleven, or one to every three hundred and sixty-two. The native population is three millions, eight hundred and seventy-one thous and, four hundred anil ninety-two, and tho native insane is seven thous and, seven hundred and ninety— or one to every four hundred; and ninety-eight. The foreign population is one million, two hundred and elev en thousand anil three hundred and seventy-nine; the foreign insane is six thousand three hundred and twenty- one, or one to every one hundred and ninety-one. California has a total population of eight hundred anil six ty-four thousand, six hundred and ninety-four. Total insane, two thous and five hundred and throe, or one to every three hundred and forty-five. The native population is five hundred and seventy-one thousand eight hun dred and twenty, the nun eight hundred and eighth!,* 1 ® ll »n«lre»f & The foreign population dred and ninety-two thou hundred anil seventy.f ou ,. q“ m i mends H, 'd foi tw Ran insane is one thousan and eighteen, or one to hundred and nineteen Wisconsin has a total „„„ , 1-816,407. Total insane to every 621. The native is 910,072. The native to* or one to every 866. The ? illation is 405,425. The fo«»f ei S is 1,476 or one to every# figures were obtained fro,n'm of the United States 'j view of facts like these wonder at the great concern a ter « giving the people of th, and at the action of their «t,o eal associations In regard deed, it is not very extFavag atld that there is ground for fear time may come when there win a sufficient number of health, isms in this country to « j control the defective. Witli groes in the south, more anJ tending to disease and deprav the defective foreign born „ 0I j in the north anil west the r anything but bright. ’ 1 Now, gentlemen, in cone],, will simply refer to some 0 f a , of the state without goin., tail, inasmuch as- every thine | to the care of suffering human legitimate subject for tlm con tion of this association. NKKDS OF THK STATU 1. There is no enterprise tha itself more to our n r( sympathies, than a school fort hie minded or idiotic children state. Its great utility and would soon be seen under w patient training. There are cases that are susceptible o( improvement and some caw might bo qualified to sustain selves. It is wrong to assoeiat with the insane, for it is hm them and to the insane, and , the state in an economical a view. 2. There should also be esta 1 in connection with one of the camps a hospital for the ci treatment of the insane ©. The wards of ordinary asylums insane are not proper places, custody and treatment of the convict. It is impossible toaffa necessary protection against th cape, and it is a crying sliarm sociate tho insane with them; th al effect is very detrimental to patients. With such a hospiti nected with some one of the camps, and with proper prot against their escape, there v much less feigning insanity them. 3. In this connection I migl here that one of the great nece of tho state is a house of corr for the depraved children, young with depraved tendenci. are, perhaps, inherited, should placed in the penitentiaries wifi roundings that foster and J these tendencies, when with care and environments, such as education and training, they mil reformed and made self-sustn/mn useful citizen This class of children are ‘.a.-y sent to the insane asylum, av proper place for them, for tl]* in contact with the delusions nations the perverted ideas tions of the insane, which is dir to them, and it is impossible them the necessary moral eilu and employment that are absi necessary for their reformation. Dr. Felton, as you know, « noble and manly effort to estal house of correction in our sta this class. He was true to all tl tates of humanity anil still hi failed to become a law. 4. While under the law of 6: the demented inebriate can b witted to an insane asylum, are obvious reasons why there i be a separate institution for tbs After the reading of the Pmi address Dr. Foster introduced t lowing resolution: Resolved, That in view of the value of the President’s addrea public as well as to the media fession that copies thereof be n ed to the press, with requests fo lication. The resolution west ed. . Dr. William Perrin Nicolson a resolution providing that a c tee of one from each congr« district bo appointed to consw report on the recommendation in the President’s address. 1“ lution was adopted. “Coffee is one of the “drv of the Brunswick circuit. * n Oconee and Brunswick circo almost completely under tl) option law. There are nine; in each circuit, and the Side o is prohibited by law in ever; of the Brunswick circuitexcep and in every county of Ocone except Laurens, where allowed in Dublin under a h two thousand dollars forea We noticed the good eaee , hibition in Coffee. We don ber having heard an oath drunken man in that count) • such a beneficent law tn will surely prosper. *- e! *1 leads to industry, industry ity, frugality to comfort aw ness. With happy wives an children, morality and l , will rule the land. It - Lanier, we believe, wlio tn famous by his poem, tn in the man than there is in —Hawkinsville Dispatch. An End to gone Scrap Edward Shepherd, of Bays: ‘‘Having receivedI . . from Electric Hitters, 1 te• u j, lot suffering humanity know ^ a running sore oil myl if 1 ! tulV e : my doctors told mo I wouW the bone scraped or JW . fleet used, instead, threo bottl,> aC j i i e nS ters and seven boxes hu ^, Salve, and my log Is no* sou Electric Bitters are sold at )ve bottle, and ®uoklen s Armo* 3 Dor box by John M. Liars*