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Volume LXII* Exdehal onion Established! u ISM. SOOTHNBN llaooBDNK ‘ * !m»:)oiimom», t . p mi, Milledgeville. Ga., December 1.1891 How They Differ. In make up: Most baking powders contain am monia or alum. Cleveland’s does not; not a particle. It is made of pure cream of tartar and bi-carbonate of soda, with a little flour to keep the strength, noth ing else. Cleveland’s is wholesome. In strength: A rounded spoonful of Cleveland’s does better work than a heaping spoonful of any other. A large saving on a yeat’s bakings. Cleveland’s leavens most. In results: Cake made with Cleveland’s is fine grained, keeps moist and fresh. Cleveland’s leavens best. 'May 19,1*1. 40 !>’• depression. The Cause Discussed by a Thought ful Correspondent. Editors V N ION-ltR COR DK It—H KX TLKMfc^: Wiii’ii we look about us and g P0 t i 10 depression that exists today in this country among merchants, as well as farmers, we naturally a-k our selves, wlmt is the cause of it all, and how are we to extricate ourselves from such a “predicament?” Our condition is attributed to dif ferent causes by different .persons. Some claim that indolence of farmers lias brought it all about; others that over-production is the chief cause, while still others hold to the idea that contraction of currency is the cause. I belong to the latter class and will endeavor to show that, while our farmers have kept pace with the pro gress of time, and are second to none in industry, that there has been no over-production, but an appalling under-consumption. In order to do ao I will have to deal largely In fig ures. whioh are always tiresome to the ordinary reader. 1 will first notice the charge ef ex travagance and want af thrift and see if there be any truth in it. I dare say that nine-tenths of the people have labored more hours and econo mized closer this past year than ever before. The environment of labor in production at the present time de feats all its alms. The fanlt Is not in our labor, our calculations or our sav ings. It lies in the system under which our efforts aie directed. * In 1887, 65,636,000 acres in cultiva tion produced 1,329,729,000 bushels of all kinds of grain, which sold for *1,284,000,000, while in 1887, twenty years Inter, 141,821,000 acres produced 2,669,457,000 bushels, which sold for only $1,204,289,000. That is, the pro ducts of 1867, from less than one-half as many acres and half the amount, brought the farmers $79,711,000 more than tlie crop of 1867. Can you away these figures by extravagance or want of thrift? Labor, the architect of all wealth and prosperity, is languishing today from similar causes. There is no other nation on earth where labor is so easily despoiled as in our boasted America. In other nations it re quires a monarchy or standing army and the traditions of a brutal past to effect this robbery, but here it is ac complished almost by common con sent. I will next notice the most popular theory—over-production. Some claim that our economic laws are too perfect that we are sufi ering from a surplus of success or that we are tbe victims of a reckless and persistent industry. If all were comfortably fed, housed and clothed there would be no over production. There is no over-produc tion of wheat, corn and meat where people are hungry; of boots and shoes where they are barefoot, or of clothes where they are ragged. Neither are there too many homes where people are compelled to live in cold attics or damp cellars. Let us go to the amounts andascer- ain how much the alleged over-pro- uctiou bus been. Supposing that 0UI enormous surplus is sent abroad, "e tiiiil that in 1888 we exported in all iff beef, pork and dairy products 1.132,000,000 pounds, 120,000,000 bush- und Hour reduced to bushels, and that our whole exports amounted to #683,000,000. Had we consumed each day that year one ounce of meat more thau we did, it would have taken 1,470,000,000 pounds o88,000,000 more than was exported. If we had consumed four ounces more of flour each day it would have required 148,280,000 bushels of wheat- 28, 280,000 bushels more than was ex ported. If we had expended three ceuts eucli day for products, in excess of wlmt we did expend, we would have bought $711,750,000, 01 nearly $29,000,000 more than was expended. If there are any that doubt that we could have consumed one ounce of meat or four ounces of flour each day more thau wo did, let them go among the alleys, the byways and the alms houses and be taught better. Could we not expeud three ceuts each day for products more than we do? Stand on the street corners, notice the crowds as they pass, and receive the answer. I will now try to show' that contrac tion of currency is tbe cause of so much oppression and depression. AH will admit that more money means higher prices and better times; less money, lower prices and harder times. The question of the amount of cur rency in circulation is one that neces sarily involves a resort to certain esti mates, which should be fairly and carefully considered. It has recently, though, become a prime factor in partisan politics and financial du plicity, wlr'ch subjects it to all the misleading statements and false as sumptions that usually accotnoany a discussion of financial propositions. We very often mistake high-sounding phrases and uncommon words for good argument, and tbe result is we become settled in an opinion without being able to give a shadow ol reason for it. One great mistake is in con sidering the deductions drawn by government officials as being abso- lately correct. I say that is a mistake because the exact reverse has been proven quite often. The government manufactures, under fiat of law, cer tain amounts of money, and when asked to give the amount in circula tion it deducts the amount on hand from the quantity manufactured and declares the difference to be in circu lation. And the most of us accept it as true—intelligent men do ao. I have had college professors and editors to tell uie that we have in circulation now about #34 per capita. They, of course, ought to keep posted, but somehow they overlooked tbe fact that certain stringent laws demand that a portion of the curreney shall be kept locked up as reserve and that other portions of it has been lost, destroyed or sent out of tbe eouotry. When proper deductions are made to conform to the law and reasonable allowances made forother factors that conspire to reduce the amount, the tables will show that in 1866, with a population of about 36.000,000, we bad a circulation of nearly two billion dollars, a per capita of $52, while in 1889, with a population of about 62,000,000, we had $306,999,982, a per capita of about. $5. And now see how the failures have increased. In 1865 we had in this country 520 fail nres, and in 1889 we had 13,277, and my opinion is that 1891 will show still more failures. For fear of wearying your readers I will draw the line here, and will later review some special effects of a con tracted currency. Very respectfully, J. E. Stkmbridgk. Milledgeville, Ga., Nov. 27, 1891. Numbbb 22. Of wheat, Something for the New Tear. Tbe world renowned success of Hostetters Stomach Bitters, and their oontinueil popularity for over a third of a century as a stomachic, is scarcely more wonderful than tbe welcome that greets the annual ap pearance of Hostetter’s Almanac. This valuable medical treatise is pub lished by the Hostetter Company, Pittsburg, Pa., under their own iui mediate supervision, employing 60 hands in that department. They are running about 11 months in the year on this work, and the issue of the game for 1892 will be more than ten millions, printed in the English, Ger man, Frencii, Norwegian, Swedish, Holland, Bohemian and Spanish lan guages. Refer to a copy for valuable and interesting reading concerning health, and numerous testiuion'als as to tbe efficacy of Hostetter’s Stomach Bitters, calculations and Chronologi cal items, etc., which can be de pended on for correctness. The Al manac for 1892 con be obtained free of co-1, from druggists and general country dealers in all parts of the country. SCHOOLS—SCHOOL BUILDINGS. Editor Union-Rkcorder:—The past two or three years have wit nessed a very decided increase of interest on the subject of education in our state, and a corresponding increase in the appropriations for our common schools. This is very gratifying. We may hope that the day is not far distant when every town shall have a thorough system of schools, and every hamlet and rural district one well constructed school building, the pride of the community. It is not so now. It is because of the firm trust which I have, in the light of recent events, that the above expressed hope may be realized, that 1 write this note. There is nothing unimportant in the school question. Everything should be made to conduce to the best results in any gystem, or else parts, perhaps by some deemed un worthy of notice, may tend to de feat the general aim. Among these are matters relating to the loca tion of buildings, and the ventilat ing, heating, and lighting of these. Too seldom do these matters re ceive the least attention. But we may hope that with the growth of our technical and industrial schools, our architects will be trained to consider always the adaptedness of h, building to the purpose in tended, and) will endeavor to em body right principles in all their structures. No less important it seems to me, is it that all teachers, trustees, and commissioners, should study these matters, and consider that their acceptance of office car ries with it a pledge to learn and to do to the best of their ability everything connected with the of flee accepted. Baldwin and otlur counties in which the U It. circu lates will doubtless need many school buildings in the next few years. It would be well, it seems to me, for all concerned to give the matter yf school arcnitecture care ful consideration, and not wait, nn til a school building is decided upon, then the next week give out the contract for a school house or shelter to some cross-roads carpen ter. The “Girls’ Industrial School” is a most imposing building, doubtless in nearly svsry particular well adapted to its purposes and worthy of the praisss given it. A fair cor respondent in your last issue, how ever, pays a compliment whioh calls forth this note. I indulge in no oapitious criticism, f simply say that nothing is perfect, and make her statement tbe ocoasion of calling attention to this important matter. The article says: “We found quite a number of girls por ing over books preparing the next lesson, the light falling on the room in such a manner that the eyes, so often weakened in the school room are protected. There is a solid wall back and front so that the light comes from the side.” There is only one worse way, i. e., for the light to come glaringly in frout. Authori ties who have studied the matter ad vise especially against side lights. All the ligiits should come from the back, passing over the shoulders of the pupils, falling upon their books, and not dazzling the eyes. There should be no crossing of rays. The shape of the room also should be considered. It should be not square, but rectangular, the length being about twice tlie width, large wind ows being placed in one of the longer sides, the pupils facing the other longer side, which is presum ably ablaek-board the whole length, most restful to the eyes. A mo* ment’s consideration of this plan shows advantages in addition to the matter of light. There will be a greater stretch of black-board di rectly in front of the pupils, whicli can all be used to advantage, the central part of it at least (which the teacher needs to use so much) being nearer to the class than in any other arrangement. The light falls on this so as to render most plainly visible what is written thereon, which sometimes cannot be seen when the light strikes obliquely upon the board. The teacher too is nearer his class in this arrangement. Now in case of a long room with windows as above, but desks arranged parallel to these windows there is but little black board space in front of pupils, and that witii the teacher in a distant end of the room. But if the win dows are in one of tne shorter sides of the room, then indeed is the case bad. There is theminimum of light, and the effect must be injurious to to the pupils in the farther end of the room. Eye affections are be coming alarmingly common and it behooves us to take every precau tion against their increase. The grade rooms and tbe recita tion.rooms of tlie M. G. M. & A*. College, including the two into which the old Senate Chamber is divided, almost fulfill proper condi tions, and if tbe last^wo were some what smaller anil the others corres pondingly larger, and the desks should face from the windows, they w °uld be model Bchool rooms. How well adapted is the old capitol for its present use! Much better than Mercer’s original hundred thous and dollar building. What a pity the college should be in neea of funds for its support 1 Anyone interested in school archi tecture and school matters gener ally can get free the valuable bul- # l?? °* ^ le United States Bureau of Education, bv addressing a pos tal to Wiu. T. Harris, L. L. D., Com missioner of Education, Washing ton, I). C. All tliPse questions are ably treated therein. It will pay to send for them. X. Y. Z. [communicated.] Sam Jones Rather Spoilt—The Ego. The Rev. Sinn Jones, who by the unstinted aid of the press of the coun try has made a reputation, we do not say. a character, for character goes out from one, and reputation comes in upon one, imagines that he can stand alone without its aid. Hear him in a recent speech in Atlanta; he was making an anti-prohibition speech: “The editors tell me sometimes that I oughtn’t to jump on tlie papers so heavy—that tiie papers made me. "Well, can they make another one? | Laughter.] Brethren, this is the truth—ami 1 thank God that it is the truth—all the newspapers in the world can’t make a man, and they can’t unmake one.” [Applause.] Tlie printing of It is remarks'gives him a reputation. He is heard through the press, and the press do make and unmake men. A man can no more rise to fame or notoriety without the aid of the press than a bird can fly with its wings cut. Our observation in life has been that nine men out of ten, after they rise to notoriety or influence, are willing to kick the ladder away upon which they climbed to notice. I have seen too much of that in my life time. Should the papers cease to notice Mr. Jones, let him come and go,* never a line written of his sayings, he would find himself a very small mao sood. We do not say that Mr. Jones has not charaoter, or originality; that he has the happy faculty of drawing from life, and hisillnstrationsareapt, taking and pointed, I admit, but he eannot make for himself a reputation. That is given to him by others. As an illustration see what the Atlanta Herald says about him: “While there are some things that he says, in his teal, that we eannot deliberately endorse, we have never doubted that he was a true and pure man, of great impulses, deep oonvic- tions, exalted charaoter and big brain. Bain Jonee is a genius. It is possi ble that this is (he reason why* many people do not indorse him. They don’t understand him.” There is his reputation, there Is a compliment which gives hftn noto riety. And it is just such things com ing from the press which make men. How often have men seeking fame or notoriety sought tbe kind words of tbe press? How have men, who have made a name, trembled before tbe criticisms of. the press? How have tuen retired to private life because the press would not notice or aid them? Mr. Jones lias been spoilt by flat tery. Praise has made him think himself superior to other men who do not and wfll not indulge In his pecu liar language in and out of the pulpit. Novelty always takes; men prefer to be amused rather than made to think. It is easier to laugh than to agree; to enjoy wit than deep wisdom; to enjoy pungent sarcasm than profound rea son. As long as the press is ns kind to Mr. Jones as it is, he will be a made man; it has made him and can make hundreds of more. It is the lever which raises men, and when not used, they are soon forgotten. It is the easiest thing in the world to spoil a man by too much praise, and Mr. Jones is no exception to tbe rale. We would be pleased if the papers would take Mr. Jodos at his word and not mention his name for twelve months. He would be the sickest man for want of notoriety in the United States, Dr. Talinage of Brooklyn not excepted. Both live, feed, grow fat and independent upon so mpeh free praise. I know too much about publio men and the pfess not to know what each are worth in their respective spheres. There are thousands who pass for more than they are worth, and thousands who do not pass for wliat they are really worth. Tbe noisy, the presuming, aggressive and egotistical talker will be heard when the man of real worth Highest of all in Leavening Power.—Latest U. S. Gov’t Report. ABSOLUTELY PURE is quiet aud does not seek to thrust himselt forward. If there is anything which will make a fool cf a man, put a sword in his hand and give him command, and should I10 happen to make a lithe fame as a soldier, his war teconl is first, last and all the time. To make a fool of a woman, let her marry wealth or Inherit it, aud she imagines herself just a little better than those who do not have a long purse to lean upon. To spoil a partisan, call him a statesman, and keep him in office for a half dozen years, and the job is done. To spoil ft minister, tell him lie Is a giant in the pulpit, a power with the people, nnd then his next idea i- to make money. Editorial Glimpses and Clippings. Renew your subscription. A counter irritant—an impudent;, dry goods clerk.—•Buffalo Enquirer.. The old-time father and mother were tigpankint; tetuu.—Dallas Newt. It is thought in Macon that the old car shed \iml be converted into a. freight depot. Keep your eyes open; 25 cents buys Salvation Oil. the greatest cure <»n earth for pain. Gen. Alvin 1*. Hovev. Govern’or of Indiana, died in Indianapolis on the 23d, o' heart disease. The love of praise, howe'er conceal'd bv art, Reigns, more or less, and glows heart.; The proud, to gain it, toils on tolls (Mi ll u re, The modest shun it, but to make it euro." Mr. Jones I think overrates himself and uti ferrates the press, lie is am bitious of notoriety and enjoys tlie comment of the press muchly, if not more so. Mr. Jones has been praised so much that his vanity and egotism must have its food. He is not alone in that respect, many public men of Georgia were always doing something or saying something to be noticed. A nntuber are dead, but the ranks of such are generally easily filled. Mr. Jones be a little wore modest. Yon have been made, and made because you have bteu much praised. R. M. O. THI 80KA1 In the Aryan reiig- PLANT. / ion the chief offering to tbe gods was the fomented juice of the Boma or Moon plant, which be ing a strong drink, gave new exoite- ment to those who partook of it, and was believed to impart power to tbe gods. It was believed, moreover, that it wrought miracles, and for this reason perhaps, it afterwards became tbe chief god of the Hindus. leave- die hymn the worshipper says: “We’ve quaffed tlie Soma bright, And are immortal grown; We’ve entered into light, And all the gods have known. What mortal now can harm, Or foemnn vex us more? Through thee beyond alarm, Immortal God! we soar.” No such power as this is attributed to any plant at (he present time, and many of tlie cures performed by 8. 8. 8., a purely vegetable remedy, seem almost to border on tbe mirac ulous. In contagious binod poison scrofula, skin diseases, some forms of cancer, etc., it is tlie remedy par excellence. Treatise on Blood and Skin Diseases mailed free. SWIFT SPECIFIC CO., Atlanta. Ga. Oran Seed Flour. Many kinds of grass seed are used to make flour for bread and mush of ex cellent quality. Along tlie rivers in Colorado and Arizona grass seeds are collected in large quantities and supply a much valued winter food for tlie In dians. They are ground into flour, mixed with water into a dough, and cakes of the latter are baked in the hot sand.—Washington Star. Tlie Rich! II 'll Ivlwarff Bulwnr • Lytlon, ((. <IV, British embasytt- 1 J I dor to Frano, flieil suddenly in I Paris last Wednesday. I —— 0." I All skin and , 1,, disease®, dan* I dniIT, fm 11 > n lt of 11 ip heir, gra v or tad ed Imir, iiune l) > cured bv using the'- nature's true remedy, Hall's If,,i, Renewer. * Many lin'd win county farmers hav**- held ov. r last year’s cotton till now, foi better prices, but are forced to* sell at a lower price than last year. Work is about to be commenced on the construction of aneleetrlo car line at Rome. Bonds to the amours?. of $100,000 have been issued for tbe pur pose. A friend induced me to try Balva- tiou Oil for mv rheumatic foot,. I used* it, and the rheumatism is entirely gone John H. ANDERSON, BWti- luore, Md. Thu Fashion la Cano*. Cane varnishing is a thing of the past. The luster of the wood may be given the unglistened smoothness that careful oiling imparts, and the stick, whether bark covered or not, must not be light in color.—Clothier and Fur nisher. »ppy' lie Wm. Timmons Postmaster of Idavllle, Ind., writes: “Electric Bitters has done more for me than all other medicines combined, for that bad feeling arising from Kidney and Liver troubles.” John Leslie, farmer and stockman, of same place, says, “Find Electric Bitters to be tbe best Kid ney and Liver medicine, made me feel like a now man.” J. W. Gardner, hardware merchant, same town,says: “Electric Bit ters is just the thing for a man who is all run down nnd don’t care whet her ho lives or dies; he found new strength, good ap petite and felt like he hud anew lease on life. Only 50c. a bottle, at Milledgeville Drug Store. We are always glad to hear of now avenues of profit and fame befog opened to women, but we hope that the recent spectacle of a prize fight between women will not be seen, again. Women should be content to leave the domain of brute fonetethe men. Tourists to Yellows*one Park next * season might encounter a north-west ern blizzard. If they are wise men. they will take along a supply of th<* famous Dr. Bull’s Cough Syrup. The Macon Evening News says of »\ former colored Congressman from thfa State: Jeff Long used to be a great politician. He liked politics better Minn anything else. But Jeff has pnk politics aside for the more quiet busi ness of tailoring. Tis well. JefS must be prospering for he hap pur chased t wo lots out in a deligbtfnL suburban territory and wilt erect a-, couple of houses. One of tbe-hoeeea he will use as a summer home fee himself and fumily. Jeff, I believe, is the only living negro Congressman in Georgia. Jeff has, perhaps, the rarest and largest collection of books of any colored man in the State. His library is quite extensive. He owns some books that cost $10 each. He has many for which be puid $5 per vol ume. “At last, I can eat a good square meal without its distressing me!” was the grateful exclamation of one whose appetite had been restored by the use of Ayer’s Sarsaparilla, afteV- years of dyspeptic misery. A tea- spoonful of this extract before each meal sharpens the appetite. Edison at Work. When the inventor is experimenting he dons a long frock of checked ging ham, which buttons close at the chin and reaches to the heels. It is nothing more or less than a man’s MotherHab- bard, which he puts on to protect his rlothos from dust and adds and oils. Arrayed in this, be goes around from room to room in the great laboratory, overseeing the different experiments that his assistants are conducting. He- has the same little stoop at his hips- that plowmen acquire, but he walks rapidly. Mr. Edison has turned out more -In ventions every month during the lost - fifteen years than most men discover in a lifetime. He owns between 400 ind 500 patents. —Drake’s Magazine. “I use Ayer’s Cherry Pectoral freely in my practice, and recommend it in cases of Whooping Cough among children, having found it more cer tain to cure that troublesome dis ease than any other medicine I know of.”—So says Dr. Bartlett,‘of Con cord, Mass.