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rVTERNAL IMPftOVEMEN r REPORT, j MR- POWELL, of Talbot, Chairman of the Joint Standing Committee on Internal Improvements, begs leave to make the fol lowing Report .* That the subject of Internal Improvements, wliioU has been regarded by your Committee as a topic of paramount importance in its re lations to the future condition and welfare of the State of Georgia, lias received their most devoted attention, and they take leave re spectfully to submit, in a compendious man- j ner, the results of their investigations m re ference thereto. ! No country in the world, probably, has| evinced a more generous spirit of enterprise,: in reference to internal improvements, than ; the United States, nor have the fruits of their efforts in this way been less abundant and beneficial than those of any other nation.— The inducements presented for embarking in works of this nature, in correspondence, with the widely extended territory of the United States, and with the liberal spirit of their laws and institutions, operate far more powerfully in eliciting the energies of our en lightened communities than those of any other country. Examples of this character are af forded by New York, Ohio. Pennsylvania, Virginia, Maryland and Massachusetts,which have conjointly invested more than filtv mill ions of dollars in works of internal improve ment. The infant States of Indiana and Illi nois have already ventured upon a risk ofi nearly twenty millions of dollars in the same general cause; and South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee and Kentucky stand ready to risk, in a sipg’e adventure of a simi lar character, viz : the Charleston and Cin cinnati railroad, on the establ aliment of its practicability on favorable terms, an amount of twenty millions of dollars, in addition to the several amounts before enumerated. To these we may also add the amount for which the State of New York now stands pledged, in furtherance of their system of internal im provement, viz; filteen millions of dollars, and we have, for the agrregate amount already applied.or intended to beapplied in the grand cause of internal improvement, more than one hundred millions of dollars, all ol which has been awarded to objects of this nature within the last twenty years, and that too during a period in which the United States have ac tually liquidated a national debt of more lhan one hundred and thirty millions of dollars. In casting about us for objects of sufficient importance to call forth so much enterprise, so much capital, and so much public patronage, we discover the main spring or source from which llie whole have emanated, is either a monopoly of, or a participation in die trade of the far west. This was the main consi deration that stimulated the magnanimous Clinton and his worthy coadjutors in calling into existance the Erie canal, through which • and the northern lakes the commerce alluded to would find a channel. The same object induced the projects of the Chesapeake and Ohio canal ; the Balti more and Onio railroad ; the Baltimore and Susquehannah railroad, and the canals and railroads of Pennsylvania, which last have already occasioned, to the state last mention ed, an oatlay of twent v-four millions of dollars. Virginia has also been striving for the at tainment of this object, at the expense of a vast amount of capital, for more lhan twenty years. South Carolina has very recenly made a most noble effort lor the attainment ol the same objects, while Georgia, in the mean time, till within the period of a single year only, has stood with folded arms, gazing with indifference at the stupendous projects that were multiplying around her, portentously threatening to exclude her from all participa tion in the invaluable dowry for which her sistet* States were magnanimously contending. For the indifference of Georgia, to which your Committee have ventured to allude, an adequate apology is to be found in the cir cumstance, that an impassable barrier has hitherto existed of a character to prevent a competition, on her part, lor the prize so ea geriy sought for hy the other States. ’l'his country, lor nearly one hundred miles in width, within her limits, and stretching through the whole extent of the northern boundary, has, till recently, been owned and occupied by the Indians of the Cherokee na tion. This apology however can no longer be urged in her favor, in as much as the en tire removal of the Indians is to be effected in May next, and the Cherokee country will then be entirely subject to her jurisdiction, without an incumbrance. The Legislature, in their wisdom, have already authorised the survey and location of a railroad through this entire district (the Cherokee country.) The survey has been made and the route found practicable for a railroad under the most fa vorable circumstances. On a comparison of the facilities enjoyed by Georgia, as developed by the surveys just al luded to, with those of other States for parti cipating in the trade of the “ West,” your committee take occasion to submit the follow ing summary statements, in which the rela tive distances merely, between different ports on the Atlantic coast and the nearest points of navigation on the Mississippi River, will be considered. From Philadelphia to Pittsburg by canals and railroads, and tlience hy me Ohio River to its uiouth, is 1,300 miles; from Baltimore to Washington, and thence by the Ohio River to its moutn, is 1,200 miles; from Waslmig ion to Pittsburg, by canals and railroads, and thence to the mouth ol the Ohio River, is 1,300 miles; from Richmond, Virginia, by the con templated James River and Renhaway canal, and thence to the uiouth ol me Onio, exceeds 1,000 miles ; Irom Cnarlestoii, Soutu Caroli na, to Augusta, by the Hamburg railroad, and thence bv Georgia rainoad, me Western and Adantic railmad to the Tennessee River, and inence to the mouth of the Ohio, 835 miles ; from Savannah, by the Central rail road, extended by the Western and Atlantic railroad t Tennessee River, to the month of the Ohio River, 880 miles. Agreeable to the foregoing statements, it appears that the routes leading through Georgia, from the Atlantic Ocean, to the ‘Mississippi River, are shorter by 240 miles tnan e.tlier of t.be routes above enume ue I ; the same routes are also shorter by about the same ditference than the route bv the Mississippi River, from its mouth to the mouth of the Ohio. In addition to the great red net on in the length of the routes through Georgia, as above noticed, neither of them have any mountains to travetse, or other ir regularities that cannot be easily surmounted bv deviation from a dead level, not exceeding r.-i -ty feet in a mile, according to the report of t'ie chief Engineer, while the routes refer- 1 -t. I to for comparison, those westward of the - :> c’ivjl, are conducted across the entire - goof the Alleghany Mountains, and are .ousiy incommoded bv abrupt ascents and : cents, varying from 60 to 460 feet per mile on many portions of each route. In view of the geographical features of Georgia, your Committee have been forcibly struck with the i peculiar adaptation of its surt’ace in subservi j rnev to the purposes of Internal Improve-! meat, and especially to the formation of the great thoroughfare to which your Committee already alluded, viz : the railroad com •tjuaicalions from the Atlantic ports to the Tennessee River. Indeed it is a well ascer tained fact, that there is not n hill or ridge of! anv con -idem hie magnitude in the whole dis-; tanee. calculated to oppose a formidable ob struction or se nous difficulty. And from all j the information which your Committee have j been able to gather from the reports made in ; relrtion to the various routes for railroad j trmaportati r, tfre friends of Internal Im provement in Georgia have much to cheer, them in their onward course ; anil from the; o ghtened views of our statesmen, and libe ral policy of our Legislature, they may look forward to the day when a system of com munications with a main trunk, central to the State, like the great artery of the human sys tem, will give off - its different branches, open ing new channels of commerce to stimulate the enterprise and industry of our people, and thereby add to their wealth and prosperity. In their energies in reference to Internal Improvement, your Committee have not lost sight of that branch of it which relates to our extension of the inland navigation of the Slate. Under this head they advert with re luctance to the numerous abortive attempts that have been made, and the large sums that have been expended in fruitless efforts to improve the navigation of your rivers. This your Committee must attribute in a great de gree to a want of skill upon the part of those who have undertaken the improvements of our rivers, since no such failures occur in other States where scientific engineers con duct those works. They hope, however, from the recent re porls furnished them by the various commis sioners, that much good has been effected by the application of the funds appropriated by the last Legislature for the purpose of re moving obstructions in our navigable rivers. Your Committee have to regret that their multifarious duties imposed burthens upon them calculated to preclude the opportunity of investigating various subjects connected with Internal Improvement. The Report of the Geological Surveyor, Dr. Cutting, sufficiently indicates the im portance of that branch of Internal Improve ment in the development of the mineral re sources of Georgia, and to the importance of which vour Committee would most respect fully call the serious attention of the Legis lature. MR. CALHOUN’S RESOLUTIONS. In Senate, Wednesday, January 3, 1838. The second resolution being under consi deration, and Mr. Morris having moved j to strike out the words “ moral or reli gious,” on which he asked the yeas and nays: Mr. Lumpkin rose and said, Mr. President: It is with extreme reluc tance that I approach the subject now under consideration. That reluctance does not arise from a disposition to shrink from the discharge of the duties which devolve on me. But the delicacy and difficulty which is at tached to this subject, arises from the fact that it is not a legitimate subject, for discus sion in this Senate. By the constitutional compact of. the Union, this subject, if discussed at all most be left to the people and the States where slavery exists. In regard to the resolutions offered by the gentleman from South Carolina, (Mr Calhoun,) I consider it my duty to remark that 1 have carefully and considerately exam ined them, and am prepared to record my vote in their favor as originally submitted. Indeed, sir, I can hut regret that we could not have a direct vote upon the resolutions in their original form, as I consider all the a mendments which have been suggested, ten ding to mutilate and disfigure, and lessen whatever of utility the proposed resolutions embraced. From the remarks which has fallen from the gentleman from Delaware, (Mr. Bayard,) in which he considers the doctrines of nullifi cation, in some obscure form, embraced in these resolutions, I feel myself called upon, at this stage .of the discussion, to state, that my friend (if I may so call him)from South Caro lina, and myself, stood as antipodes in the days of excitement upon this doctrine iu the South. I was no nullifier, sir, but opposed it with all my might and strength. I am still disposed to cling to the Union widi that emphatic sentiment in mv heart, a * oi my lips: “The Federal Union toil be pre served.” But, sir, lam greatly deceived if there will be any division amongst my con stituents in regard to the resolutions now before the Senate. I believe that ninety nine out of every hundred of the people of the South will approve of the principles laid down in these resolutions. Upon this subject, <ir, the south is united, as the voice of one man. We have to contend with a common enemy. And, whatever may be our party names, we are all State rights men. We go for a strict construction of the Constitution of the United States. We concede nothing to the Federal Government by implication. We respect the powers of the Federal Government iu its whole constitutional range; but that range is restricted and limited to its specified powers, of war, peace, treaties, levying and collecting taxes, regulating commerce, and the corres ponding legislative, executive, and judicial powers. This, sir, is the great outline, in brief, of the Federal Constitution; and, sir, this Constitution was brought into existence by a spirit of amity, and that natural defer ence and concession which the peculiarity o| our situation as a people at the time demand ed. If each State had then contended Ibr, and rigidly adhered to, its own peculiar habits and local prejudices and prepossessions, as the basis of a Government for all the rest, this Federal Union of states would never have been brought into existence. But no such surrender of opinion or power was required of the States. The reserved rights of the Slates secured to each the free and sovereign right to manage its own domestic affair., in its own way, rightfully liable to no : ol ta tion or interruption from ihe rt t. The resolutions of the gentleman from South Carolina (Mr. Calhoun) having been brought to the consideration of the Senate, I should be highly gratified at seeing them receive the sanction of this honorable body ; not that I believe they would put an effectual check to these deluded people, called fanatics, but it might serve as a rallying point for the same. If the wisdom of our friends, and the friends of the Union, in the non-slaveholding States, cannot devise the wavs and means to stay the fury of these infuriated Abolitionists, we of the slaveholding States can only rely upon our own power within our own bounds. Whenever we find any of these disturbers of the peace within our jurisdiction, we must execute our laws—punish them—and punish them in the most exemplary manner. They are our inveterate enemies; we ought to treat them as such. With them we have no union; with them we have no fellowship. As far as their numbers go, they have already severed the Union. We can no longer dwell together, or worship at the same temple. What these people have to say, write or publish; let them take care to keep outside of the great gate; that is, out of the limits of the slaveholding States. But to our friends of the non-sin ve holcling States who understand our rights, and respect them, here and elsewhere, permit me to say my confidence remains firm and unshaken in them. Our bonds of union shall not lie broken so long as they adhere, as they now do, to a strict construction of our con stitutional compact. Mr. President, I have already said more than I had intended upon this occasion, and sincerely hope that the further discussion of this subject may not again make't my duty to trespass further upon the time of the Senate. SUB TREASURY BII.U; We give the substance of a bill as intro duce i in the Senate. 1. Fire proof vaults are to be prepared in the treasury building, for the keeping ot the public mon vs, under the immediate control of the Treasurer of the United States. •2. The U. S. Mint at Philadelphia, and the Branch Mint at New Orleans, are to lv pla ces ot deposit and safe keeping of the public moneys. The treasurers of the mint and branch, are to have the cust wty and care of the public moneys collected at those points, and to disburse or transfer the same. 3. Vat Its are to be prepared at New York, Boston, Charleston and St. Louis, for the keeping of the public moneys. 4 Four Receivers General, are to be ap pointed bv the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, for four years, to be lo cated at Boston, New York, Charleston and St. Louis, who are to have the care and keeping of the public moneys collected at those points and to disburse and transfer the same. 5. The treasurer of the United States, the treasurers of the mint and branches, all col lectors of the customs, receivers general, re ceivers of public moneys at the Land offices, and all post masters, are to keepsafelv, with out loaning or using, the public money' collect ed by them, until the same is ordered to be transferred or paid out bv the proper author ity. 6. The treasurer of the U. States, the trea surers of the mint and branch at N. Orleans, and the receivers general, to give bonds to be renewed or increased to meet additional re sponsibility. 7. In certain cases, the money collected by the treasurers of the mint and branch at N. Orleans, and the four receivers general, to be specially deposited in such banks as the secre tary of the treasury may select. The hanks not to make use of money so deposited, but to receive a commission for the trouble and risk of keeping the public money. 8. Special agents to be appointed by the Secretary of the Treasury to examine the books, accounts, and money on hand, of the several depositories. 9 Officers charged with the safe keeping of the public money, guilty of a high misde meanor Tor converting to their own use the public, money, See., and punished with fine and imprisonments 10. Whenever the amount of money in the trensur of the United States shall exceed $4,000,000, the surplus to be invested in some safe and profitable stock. 11. After the 31st of December, 1838, onc sixtli part of the duties, taxes, sides of pub lic lands, and debts due to the United Slates, is to be collected in the legal currency of the U. States; after the year 1839, one other sixth part is to be collected ; after 1840, one other sixth part; after 1841, one other sixth part; after 1842, one other sixth part ; after 1843, the other sixth part is to he so collected ; and after this last period, all debts due the U. States and postages, are to be collected in gold or silver only, or in such notes as may have been issued under the authority of the U. States. 12. After 1843, the disbursements on ac count of the U. States, or of the General Post Office, are to he made in gold or silver only, or in such notes as may have been issued un der the authority of the U. States. 13. Payment may be made in advance for public land*, and the receipt given for such payment, to he current at the several land offices of the U. States. THE NE XT CONGRESS. We this morning publish a communica tion from A Subscriber, introducing the names of certain gentlemen to the consideration of the Democratic Convention to be held in May next. At the same time, we publish a ticket from the Columbus Sentinel and Herald of the 11th inst. which contains the names of Messrs. McAllister, Baxter, Day, Cone, Nel son and Powell, premising that the ticket from the Columbus paper appeared therein, before we feel authorised to state that five of the present delegation decline a re-nomination. While we comply with ihe wishes of our cor respondent, wc are at liberty to announce, that Mr. McAllister cannot under any cir cumstances consent to a nomination. Cnpt.R. W Pooler, will, we are confident, ti ii is portion of the State, and we pret , • , from ,; ns talents and indepen dence, eminently qualifying him for such a ;station, will receive due consideration from I the me; . >. sos he contemplated convention. Georgian, 2 '3d inst. STEAMBOATS. | In . Senate of ihe U. States, December jfi, L ■ Mr. Grundy introduced a bill provi ! ding for the better security of the lives of pas sengers on board of steamboats. This bii 1 ; j was eferred to a select committee, consisting j lof Messrs. Grundy, Wall, Clayton. Benton., | Calhoun, Webster and “Walker, who reported !on the Cth of January, 1838, the same hill with some amendments. The provisions ol the bill, are in suhs'stane as follows : After the Ist of October, 1839, owners of steamboats are to take out. anew license, and make anew enrolment of the same. No j steamboat to carry passengers, wares and merchandise, alter Ist October, 1838, without | having irt obtained a license, and complied with the conditions of this act. For every | violation the owner of the steamboat to forfeit SSOO. The district judge of the United States. ; within whose district any ports of entry or j delivery may be, is to appoint one or more ; persons, qualified for the purpose, to make i inspection of steamboats, their boilers and ma le hi ner v„ The inspectors to give certificates. Inspection of steamboats to be made at least once in twelve months, and the examination of the slrt ngth f the boilers at !ast once in six months. Provisions ?re made in the bill in regard to navigating he boats, and provi tiingfor long boats or yawls. Steamboats running at night to have two lights. The bill makes it manslaughter for any captain, owner, or engineer of any steamboat, bv whose negligence lives may have been de st toyed.— Constitutionalist. Pleasure oj Publishing Papers. —ln an ar ticle on the stern necessity, and that unkind inattention of subscribers and advertisers, which compel the publishers of papers to dun their patrons, the editor of ihe Wheeling Times very justly and feelingly makes these remarks: “ There is a mania for publishing newspapers in this world of ours, that is mere fital than trie small pox, the cholera, or the yellow lever. Ninety in a hundred meet their destruction in it; yet as fast as one dies another takes his place, gets innoculated with the writing fever, thinks of gold and glory, turns newspaper publisher, drags on a worth less life, half fed, half clothed, toils day and night,heart-sick and weary; the public slave, yet wielding an engine which properly restricted, would move the world, or make its inhabitants tremble. The press cannot be free or useful while it is trammelled with poverty and dogged with duns. So situated, it will, it must hie, at the hack of every whipper-snapper who has money enough to keep the printer’s soul and body together.—This state of things will not do. We move that the printers of the United States divide off in halves and “jeffi” to see whiefi shall go to digging ditches and picking stone-coal for a living. It would improve the situation of both halves mightily. We look upon every new paper that is started, very much as we do upon every new murder that is committed. We think, there is anoth er man lost to every thing useful. lost to him self. last to the world, and doomed to a purga tory from which salt cannot save him. W 7 e think that the last days of that man “ T ill he than the fi st!—but all must liv-p and learn. We have become a little hardened to the business, hut if we had life to go over again, we rather adopt the trade of fishing for minnows with a pin hook than that of pub lishing a papr in the United States.” Sentiment . —A wagon passing along had nearly run over a servant girl, when the dri ver called out, “ Take care Sally?” The girl, however, without attempting to escape the danger, looked up to the coachman with an air of offended pride, and said, “ It is’nf Sallv nr anv common stuff—its Amelia Ann.” SENTINEL & HERALD. coEumbusTfedruahy i, 1933. - - “ ‘ ■ - I P. H. F. Brittan is our authorized agent j for the collection of such accounts ol this of- 1 fice as may be placed in his hands, and also to receive subscriptions, &c. Dec. 10, 1837. The following persons have kindly con sented to act as Agents for the Sentinel and Herald: Col. C. Parker, Collodensville, Monroe Cos. Peter Coke, Esq. Eden, Effingham Cos. Rev. Reuben K. Brown, Perry P. O. Hous ton Cos. Thos. H. Key, Esq. Drayton, Dootv Cos. Col. Thos. J. Holmes, Byron, Baker Cos. Stephen D. Crane, Esq. Dablonega, Lump kin Cos. Col. John Dill, Fort Gaines, Go. John C. Mangham, Greenville, Ga. E. J. Wood & Cos. St. Joseph, Flor. Nourse, Brooks St Cos. Apalachicola. THE CHEROKEE INDIANS. On the 2Sth of December, Mr. Poinsett addressed a letter to Governor Gilmer, in which he stated that all hopes were at an end* for the present, of conciliating the Cherokee Delegation, then at Washington City, and of prevailing on them to give their aid and influ ence in quietly removing the nation of Che rokees. The Governor is assured by the Secretary at War, that the border settlers will at once be protected by the Government; and that he deems the interference of State authorities, for the military defence of that region ol country, quite unnecessary ; he also requests such persons as are living on the frontier, not to desert their farms and busi ness, but to stay at home and rest in security. With all due deference to the opinions of the Secretary, we would move the people to the protection of themselves, in all cases where there is the least probability of molestation from the Indians. We were eye-witnesses to enough, during the late Creek war, to con vince our minds that Government movements are too tardy to suit the convenience and protection of citizens when the savage is on the qui vive ; besides, every man fights best in defence of his oxen fireside and home. The Delegation held a correspondence with Mr. Poinsett, in which they proposed to open a negotiation with the United States Government, upon matters of common inte rest to both parties, upon the ground, that the treaty of December, 1835, should not be considered binding upon either party. Mr. Poinsett answered, that the President regard ed the treaty of December, 1835, as the law ol the land, and that therefore no negotiation could be opened on the basis proposed, and that the Cherokees would be expected to remove at the time stipulated in that treaty. The reply of Mr. P. also censures the Dele gation for holding out false hopes to their people. It is quite evident, from the nature and spirit of this correspondence, that Ihe Chero kees will not be emigrated without much trouble, and in all likelihood the scenes of Creek war memory will all be acted over again. The Secretary at War may, and doubtless will, take prompt and energetic steps to guard our frontier, by ordering U. S. troops forthwith to the spot; but inde pendent of this, in expectancy, the people of Georgia must look out for themselves, and especially those who reside in the Cherokee country. The following order is in good time, and to all intents and purposes correct. We hope to see it promptly met: HEAD QUARTERS, > Millpdgeville, Jan. 20, 1838. ( The Commander-in-Chief has received a cal! from Col. Lindsay, for a Company of Infantry, to he stationed in Paulding county. Its organization will conform to the directions contained in the order of the 12th inst. Vo lunteer companies are again invited to enter the service lor the defence of the Cherokee country. By order of the Commander-in- Chief. M. GRIEVE, Aid-de-Camp. But while we accord to Gov. Gilmer his full s'.iarc of credit for the promptitude with whicli he seems disposed to act in relation to the Cherokee country, we cannot but look back to the violent opposition, and the bitter persecution arrayed against Gov. Schley, in view of a similar movement. Under the reign of Gov. S. it was not only totally unne cessary, and uncalled for, but running the i State to an enormous expense, to station ! troops in the up-country for the protection of its citizens and the safety of their property; and besides, it was a cunning move on the political chess-board, and ought to be dis countenanced in the game! What say you, ‘ brother chips”—ye whose pens were made to move with extra speed in the warfare against Schley for the posting a military force in the Cherokee country? Where the necessity now, greater than then? And if ti e policy of the late administration had been cat red out with regard to Cherokee, would not that country now be in a safer condition? W e answer unhesitatingly, and without the fear of contradiction, yes—and we put it to all our brother editors who warred against the predecessor of Gov. Gilmer, 1o say in candor, whether they did not injustice to that officer in view of this question. There can be no doubt but that a necessity does really exist for guarding the frontier, and what we contend for is, that the same necessity has existed for the last two years. The Consti tutionalist speaks our sentiments: “Two companies are ordered out hv the Governor, according to the requisition of Col. Lindsay, for the defence of the Cherokee country. We would be pleased to hear from those editors in Georgia, who were so clamor ous against Gov. Schley, for the organization of a military force in the Cherokee country, what they have now to say about the remo val of the Cherokee Indians in May next? Will this removal be effected without trouble and coercion ? Is not resistance apprehended? And if, last year, a military force had been so organized as to take the field at a moment's warning, would resistance have been appre hended ? NEWS BY EXPRESS MAIL. Our slips from New York are up to the 27th ultimo, hut contain no news of special interest. The Canada war seems to be going out like an expiring taper; there is a feeble effort to keep up an excitement on the part of the Royalists and Patriots both, but Gen eral Scqtt vvilj not let them come together. Much credit is due to our Government for the prompt and decided siand taken in rela tion to this disturbance- The news from Liverpool is to the 17th ol December, per packet ships England, and I Garrick. The cotton trade was holding “ the even tenor of its way,” with but little excite ment prevailing in the Market: The Canadian troubles were creating much I sensation in England. The liberal party seemed disposed to take part with the liberals in Canada —a Ministerial paper holds very strong language with regard to the unjust i manner in which the Canadians are treating j the mother country, Slc. No item of news from France, save that another conspiracy had been set on foot to take the life of Louis Phillippc. A man by the name of Hubert had obtained in England, from some skillful mechanic, the plan of anew infernal machine 5 but no clue was had as to what time the at tempt was to be made—it was supposed how ever, at the opening of the Chambers. Who would be a King surrounded by infernal ma chines! Spain still labors under the influence of a Revolution.—Don Carlos has raised a force of twenty hattnllions, well armed and equip ped. The Queen will have to sound the toc sin and rally her forces afresh. Texas seems likely to maintain her inde pendence unmolested : from private informa tion we have every reason to beleive that she will never again be invaded by the Mexicans, From Wasington city, we have not a word* several mails having failed recently. Cannot say what Congress is doing—the last we heard, the bullies of the House were “ kicking up a row”—probably ere this they have mel lowed down -rnd are gallanting the ladies. Who knows ? THE ST. JOSEPH TIMES. Peter is attending the Legislative Council at Tallahassee. How do you know? I have just read his paper of the 17th ultimo, and he is not to he found in the editorial columns. Who fills his place ? JYobody. Nota Bene. The good people of St. Jo seph are informed that we have been mis represented by a writer in their paper. We have never puffed Apalachicola ; our columns have been opened to both parties, and if the Apalachicola boys have stood up to their own interest a little more zealously than their neighnors, it is no fault of ours; but still we hold ourselves at liberty to puff who and what we please,’ provided we are well paid for our labor; but “ nia conscience,” such paymasters as they are in Florida t—not even a saucy oyster have we received this season, and time has not permitted us to join them in a sparkler. The Editor incog, must correct his quotation of our editorial .expose, or we will hold him accountable at “the Shakspeare ,” when we visit St. Joseph. We made no such declaration as that to which he refers. The articles alluding to ourselves in the last Times, remind us strongly of a man who wants badly to sneeze, hut “can’t come it.” Pass him your snuff-box, Dr. Bartlett. We announce, with feelings almost trium phant, that our City Council have passed a Resolution to issue City Bonds to the amount of $750,000, on which to raise money for the construction of a Rail Road from this city to West Point, or above that place. They de serve, and must receive, the hearty thanks of the citizens generally. We should like to present them with a banner, bearing this inscription: “ Well done, good and faithful servants.” Agreeably to the presentments of the Grand Jury, the City Council and [the Infe rior Court have conferred, and the result has been, they have agreed to raise $35,000, for the purpose of building a Court House, City and Masonic Hall, combined, to he located on Court House square. The Inferior Court have agreed to appropriate $15,000, and the Council and Masonic fraternity will doubtless furnish the balance. “Good, better, best.” “ Fellow-citizens, we will hazard our all of earthly expectations upon the assertion, that, if no Rail Ruud be built leading to Columbus, in two years from this day, an honest man will not be able to make his salt here.” “Thus speaks the Editor of the Georgia Herald. He may well be alarmed; for the trade and travel which lias hitherto contri buted, in a great degree, in building a pleas ant little city at the Falls of the Chattahoo chee, is about to be diverted to another point —and that point is Montgomery. It is now plainly seen that our City possesses more na tural advantages than any inland town in the Southern country; and if the people in this and the upper counties only press forward with the Rail Road, our wealth and popula tion will be doubled in less than five years.— Let us lose no time in improving our re sources. All is ours if we but will it—if we but act .” And “ all is ours if we but will it—if tee but act. ’ It is apparent from the eagerness with which the Editors of the Montgomery Ad vertiser have caught up our “ assertion” in regard to the importance of having a Rail Road from our town to West Point and so on, that it is a dead calculation with our neigh bors on the Alabama River that by striking West Point with their Rail Road, they will be able to direct and command the trade now coming to Columbus, anil build themselves up on our downfall! Will the citizens of Co lumbus submit to this? Does Montgomery possess more natural advantages than any inland town in the Southern country?”— Shall the people of Montgomery, Macon, Au gusta, and Savannah act and possess all? and shall ice sit quietly down and behold the glory departing from our dwelling, and commerce flying from us like a frightened bird? “ There is a tide in the affairs of men \\ hich, taken at its flood, leads on to fortune."’ For the Sentinel and Herald. SKETCHES, AD LIBITUM. b\ horatio Waldo, esq. “ can a y°ung lassie, what shall a young lassie, W hat can a young lassm de> v/i> an auld man.” Burns. “ ■ c °usin, there has always been a silent monitor at my breast, telling me, that in you my fondest hopes would be crushed, and that you would one day become the dupe of your own rash wilfulness.” M-V ear Augustus, wherefore this sud den and unlooked for admonition, or rather, I should say, lecture ?” I bus abruptly began a conversation be tween two distant cousins, Augustus and ucille, as the former entered the parlor just alter tea, where he discovered the latter | rechning on the soia in a reflecting mood. i “ Judge of my surprize,.yea, even- astonish ment, to learn of your engagement,” conti nued Augustus, “ and that tom. to an old ; gentleman, one who has at least numbered thrice the years which have crossed your J path, and whom you could much more be comingly address as father than as husband;, ha! ha*! really I find my risible faculties somewhat taxed on this occasion, maugre my chagrin and mortification. What have you j to say for yourself, my pretty coz? for after all, you are rather too bewitching for a cousin:’ j Lucille, rising with an air ol grace and [ dignity from her seat, and placing her hand upon the shoulder of Augustus, looked him full in the eye, and thus pertinently replied : , “In the days of youthful romance, my cousin, when together we were wont to stray over the green fields and rose-clad hills of our fathers, plucking, as we went, each beautiful flower that decked our pat!), anJ drinking in the melody of birds; in those young days ol the heart’s purest enjoyment. I did ol times bethink me of the happiness in store lor us, and mV heart did most exclusively associate you with its highest hopes of bliss, its fondest anticipations of the luture: I scarce know how it was, or wherefore, that you should thus early have become my beau ideal of all this world’s bright and alluring objects, but conclude that it may he set down to the run ning account of a young and silly gill’s un tutored affections, which is otherwise resol- ved, bv novelists, into the very expressive phrase of ‘ first love.’ But, my dear cousin, you cannot be unmindful of 1 the change which comes o’er the spirit of our dreams,’ j as we pass from our infant years to those ofj your.g womanhood ; the tales of the nursery ! are forgot; the whispers of love, from hearts j in the purity of youth, untainted, unalloyed, ! untouched by passion, have died away; the plaintive sighing of the muse reaches not the soul to its generous movings ; and although D’lsrcali, with his pencil of soft magic, in sketching the bewitching picture of Henrietta Temple, has demonstrated that there is no true love save that which is felt on first sight, yet a young lady, at the age of eighteen, should, in my opinion, devote herself to ob jects of a higher grade, mote solid and sub stantial in their nature.” “And p’-av,” said Augustus, “what oh- j jects of higher interest can possibly be pro* i sented to the imagination of a romantic girl, like yourself, than the gratification of the purest affections of her heart?” “ True, my cousin, but then in selecting a partner for life, one should have regard to one’s after appearance and comfort: I mean, Augustus, that a young girl should not sup pose that she can always make love her ‘ meat and drink.’ “ Ah! my sweet cousin, I have forced you to the point of confession at last; here’s food for the lawyer; ‘ the confessions of the party are the strongest possible proofs.” So then, Lucille, you have caught the mania of the day; silver makes the dim eye of age to lus tre as in youth, and gold changes the whiten ed locks into 1 lie most brilliant and da xxling ‘ auburn !” This brief tete-a-tete between the youthful cousins, will serve to make manifest the pur port of this sketch. In the round of one’s observations on society, in what numberless instances is he met and astonished by the commingling of opposite and uncongenial qualities and elements, whose united condi tion, to all human appearances, can never he productive of real, unmixed happiness! And in the interesting and sacred ceremony of giving away “the young heart with all its a fleet ions,” there is not unfrequently an air of recklessness on the part of the fair donor, which makes the world stand aghast. If, according to the old aphorism, “ matches are made in heaven,” why then, “let all the earth be silent;” but it, in good keeping with my doctrine, they are the negotiations of free agents upon earth, then there would seem to be a fitness in matching, ns well as pairing. What, in the name of Cupid, can a “sweet sixteen” promise to herself, in being joined to an old “ seventy-six ?” Hear what the Scot tish bard says of the “old churl.” “ He hums and he hankers, he frets and he cankers. I never can please him, do a’ that I can ; He’s peevish and jealous of a’ the young fellows : O, dool on the day I met wi” an auld man !” It may be admitted that there was a pru dential, if not a commendable, philosophy, in tiic course pursued by Lucille, in the selection of a husband; but who will doubt, had she cherished those line feelings which sprang up in her youthful bosom towards Augustus, while they meandered the green paths of life I together, and have united her fate to his, that : her happiness would have been more com plete, her love more perfect, and life sweeter; and more desirable to her, even though she might have spent her days in retirement and j obscurity; hut the early beni of her mind j had been changed by mercenary counsellors, and the pure feelings of her heart had been j corrupted by ambition and a desire for dis-1 play! She sacrificed her virgin heart, and smothered its earliest and purest breathings, at the glittering, but delusive shrine of For- j tune. From the N. Y. Courier and Enquirer. LATER FROM EUROPE. By the arrival this morning of the packet ship Garrick, Capt. Palmer, from Liverpool, we are in possession of London papers to the 16th, and Liverpool to the 17th ult. The affairs of Canada were occupying much of the public attention in England, and papers contain various communications and debates on the subject, with regard to the ap pointment of Sir John Colbourne, as Gover nor of Canada. We find the following in the London papers of the 15th ult.: “In the House of Commons on Wednesday Mr. Lea der begged to ask the noble lord the Secreta ry for the Home Department, a question re- lating to Canada. He begged to know whether Lord Gosford was coming home, and whether he had resigned or had been recalled, and whether any successor had been appoint ed, and who he was? Lord John Russell: Lord Gosford had for some time requested leave to resign, and an order had been sent out from the government stating that he might be sent home. The government of that colo ny consequently devolved upon Sir John 1 Colbourne, and no successor had as yet been appointed. Mr. Leader begged to ask whether anv proclamation had been issued I against public meetings in Lower Canada ? Lord John Russell: There have been procla mations regarding infringements of the law generally, but not against public meetings j specifically.” The London money market presented no i material change. Consols 93 7-8 for accounts I 93 5-4 cash. No later advices from the L’. S. had been received in England. j London, December W. Col. Arthur has been Knighted and ob tained the local rank of Major General ill Canada. Sir George Arthur leaves town shortly lor his Government in Upper Canada. The King of Hanover has named Baron Munchausen to be his minister at the Court of our gracious Queen. RUSSIA AND CIRCASSIA. A correspondent of the Morning Chronicler#. ! under date of Constantinople, Nov. 15, states ! that a letter had been received from Mr. Longworth, in Circassia, giving a most dw i plorahle account ot the Russian iorces in that i country. The diminished army oi the north j was fast retreating across the Koirhan, followed by the Circassians; and the army of 1 the south was also hastening its preparations j to re-embark, after having lost the greater ! part of its best officers,.and more than a third of its men ; having; as flic side work of the campaign, only succeeded- in building small field redoubts on the coast, which, will in all probability be again destroyed by the Circassians during the winter. Mr. Long wortli also adds, tfiat during the late boister ous weather, as many as eight Russian-ves sels, including men of war and transports,, have been wrecked on the coast; and tl>a4 the fleet would, in a few days, return to Se- K bastpol for the winter, having, as a proof oA the efficacy of this famous blockade, only suc cedeed in capturing one boat during the whole: season, notwithstanding; ihe numbers, which*. I mav say, almost weekly leave both hett anil Trebizond for the Circassian shores*. SPAIN. Private letters from the Spanish frontiers stale that Don Carlos lms succeeded in re organizing a force of twenty battalions, all well armed, equipped, and well supplied with clothing, provisions and ammunition. This force is composed entirely of Castilians, and is destined for operations exclusively in the cen tral provinces of Spain, and against Madrid. The only want experienced ,is said to be of | horses for his cavalry, to procure which his agents are using the greatest exertions, at* that description of troops in strength is inilfs pensihle for action in the plains. This force is independent of the Navarrese corps, tvlw>, as is well known, have the strongest repug nance to quit their mountain fastnesses and cross the Ebro. Tire quarrels between his Generals, it is added, will he arranged, as it was considered oil all hands to be extraordi nary that obedience to his authority was so perfect among them that not one defection had taken place, although several had been i placed under arrest, or sent before court mar i tinis lor trial. Altogether these letters express 11lie greatest astonishment that Dun Carlos | should have succeeded in finding resources j for re-organizing so formidable a force in so | short a space of time, and after the great los i ses of the last campaign, j Advices from Bayonne, of the 2d instant, state that Don Carlos was still at Amurrir, on the 29tli, and that ihe greatest anxiety continued to prevail in all the branches of the Carlist War Department. Gen. Cordo va was expected at Bayonne on the 3d.— Gen. Espartero had kept up of late a very active correspondence with Gen. Harispe —n circumstance which greatly puzzled the furi ous and politicians of Bayonne. The weather having become fine, it was thought, that the ! Christians would shortly make a movement, j Letters from Saragossa of the 20lh tilt, merr i lion that Cabrera find .suffered a loss of CP® i men in the affair of the Iffth. j From the Private Correspondent of the Morning Hern’4 Veka, Dec. 7. —This morning I received the following interesting information: “ Royal Head Quarters, Amurtio, Dee. 4. “After much deliberation, Don Carlos has resolved not to accompany the first expedition now about to advance into Castile. This re soiuliou was ciurte let in consequence of the representation of the principal chiefs, who de clared that their march would he quicker, anil their enterprises more daring when not ha ving the fear o( compromising the person us Don Carlos. “ Don Carlos, it is supposed, will immedi | atcly after the departure of the expedition* I leave this lor Estella. I “Jn consequence of Ids determination to ; remain in the provinces, Gen. Urango has re j signed the captain-generalship, as well as the I military command of the northern provinces, i He returns to his old post attached to the ! royal person. “Gen. Quergne will have the command of | the whole army. “ The Infante Don Scbastion continues | with up.” I can give you as positive, that Espartero has given up ail thoughts of gettirg possession of the line of Valcarios. His excuse is that lie has not sufficient force to keep it; hut such is his want of provisions and ir.onov, that he has been compelled to make a despe rate effort to secure a convoy which was to have lett St. Jean Pied de Port yesterday. For this purpose, on the 3d, Hs army having been divided into two columns, marched out ofPampeluna; that under the orders Ulibar ri took the direction of the vail y of Uitoz, intending to turn the Zuhiri line; the other, n is said, commanded by Espartero in person advanced on Larrassoanua. On the 4tfv when close on Zuhiri, the Carlists, under or ders of Gen. Garcia, made their appearance, fell on the Crist inns, and compelled them to retreat hack on Pnmpeluna, pursued to the very gates o'"that fortress. The loss of the Crislinos, in killed wounded and prisoners, is serious. [Per Garrick.] LIVERPOOL. Dec. 16, 1537. Our cotton market is in much the same j state as ou the 7th iust. the date of our last i respects. Fur a few days subsequently the demand was more active, which gave the holders some advantage in prices, but in the last two days there has been a greater quan tity offering, and though a fair extent of bu siness has still been done, the full rates of the early part of the week are not attainable in ali instances, and the market, notwithstanding the extremely low stock is raiher heavy at ! the prices of the 7th inst. The sales of the j week ending Bth inst. were 29180 hales, and I for the week ending last evening thev amoun ted to 22,880 bales, of the latter 5570 were j Upland at 7 a 8 3-4, and 30 at 9 1-4 ; 2290 Alabama and Mobile at 6 1-2 a 8 3-4 ; 120 Sea Island at 16 19 ; and 100 stained at 6 7-8 to 15< 1 per lb. The transactions in Upland and Orleans above 8 1-2 are very inconsider able, and small lots of the former of prime quality have sold at 8 3-4; equal to any that has yet arrived of the new crop. The im port continues very light, and the stock of Cotton in thts port is now reduced to about 145.000 bales against 224,000 at the same period last year; the stock of American is esti mated at 54,000 bales or 50,000 less than it then was. LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET. December, 16. 1837. The transactions of the week have been in some measure without excitement, and mod ! erate in extent, without change in prices, our j quotations of to day being about the same as at the close of last week. The Surats at auction to-day went off at about the current ! prices; and and 707 hales offered, 310 were ■ sold at 4 3-8 to 5 3 Id. The sales to day arc 8009 bags of all kinds; and the market is, if anv thing, languid. Speculators have taken 2000 bales of American and 200 Surat. The import this week is 4,635 hags, and the sales 22 880 hags, among which are:—l2o Sea Island, 16d a 19d ; 100 Stained do. 16 1-Sd a 15d ; 5570 Upland, 7d a 9J ; 7270 New Or leans, 7d a 6 1 -4-1 ; 2290 Alabama. &c. 6 l-2d a 8 3-4d ; 1160 Pernambuco, 9 l-2d a 10 3-4; 840 Rahia and Macalo, 8d 9 1-Id ; 1600 Ma ranham. Sd a lOd.