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>() E TRY. ’ From the Comic Almanac. apropos TO THE GOOSE. Uncle —accept our best thanks For your very nice Michaelmas treat ; Such a beautiful biid I ne’er saw— So t under, so young, and so sweet! Mv wife an I mvself both declare, Since we tied the Hymeneal noose, We never before clapp’d our eyes On so fine— so delicious a goose ! The brats are all well. Little Sam Is a Solomon quite of his age : Such a mimic ‘. We’ve serious thoughts Os bringing him up to the stage. He already takes off vou and aunt. Her wav of exclaiming “ The deuce!” He can ; mitate cocks, hens and ducks Aprjpo , —many thanks for the goose. Our eldest we’ve christen’d, at last, After you an! mv uncle a- York— John James Paul Ralph George Job Giles Mark; And Eliza's beginning to talk. Little Arthur has lost a front tooth, And another is getting quite loose : They both want to know when vou’ll come ; And thank you, dear sir, for the goose. Little Hal's as like vou as two peas— So lively, so smart, and so jaunty ! And dear little Emily Ann Is grown quite the moral of aunty. Selina’s translatin'* in French, The vovage of Mister Perouse ; And Amelia has kn t vou a purse : And thank you, dear sir, for the goose. Little Kllen’s begun to *ol fa t And her master, the Uhevaticr Dantl, Declares that he never vet heard Child sing so exceedingly small. Little Tom’s quite a sportsman become : He has caught a young hare in a noose, And sends vou the skin to he stuff’d : And thank you, dear sir, for the goose. Your museum. I hope, goes on well; But, uncle, take care of your eyes. And pray don’t w'ch microscopes look So much at those very small flies. 1 send you the horn of a deer— I believe it’s a species of moose— And the quill of a real black swan : And thank you, dear sir, for your goose. I hope vou ride out every dav— It’s the first tiling on earth for the health ; Without which, as f’ve oft heard vou sav. What's honors, and station, and wealth 7 But. dear uncle, pray never more mount That wild thing von bought of Lord Uoos, But vou are so exceedingly hold ! Did I thank you before for the goose ? P. S.—Can you lend me ten pounds Till Christmas ? My lease is just out And I’ve no one to fly to hut you. Dear sir—by the bve, how’s your gout ? The interest, of course, I shall pav. Five per cent. Is vour cough getting loose 7 You can send it per post—and. dear Nunks, Many thanks for that duck of a goose. SUB TREASURY BILL.—ARGUMENTS PRO AND CON. 1. That it created two currencies, the bet ter for the Government, and the baser for the people, separating the Government from the people, and drawing a dividing line between them which ought not to exist. 2. That it would raise the salaries of all the officers of Government ten or fifteen per centum above the currency of the country. 3. That the country could not spare the amount of specie which would be required for the purpose. 4. It would withdraw a large amount of capital from the use of the country, which could be beneficially employed in the deve lopment of the resources of enterprise and in dustry. And great inconvenience and ex- { tense would attend the transportation of the arge amounts of specie that would be neces sary. 5. That the public moneys would be very unsafe in the hands of these private deposito ries. 6. That it would be an alarming increase of Executive power and patronage, in the ap pointment of an army of additional public of ficers, and in the unrestrained possession of the public revenue. 7. It would shake the credit of the banks and of bank paper ; paralyse their ability to assist the energies of the people in recovering from the recent shock ; and postpone indefi nitely the possibility of resumption. That what is now wanted, and what the Government ought to exert itself to supply, was confidence ; that this bill went to destroy all confidence, on which our commercial and national greatness depends, and to force on the country an exclusive metallic currency. 8. That Government is bound to provide relief for the existing public pressure, a fea ture of which the policy of this bill is entirely destitute. . To these several objections the following replies were opposed : ... 1. There is no such thing as a distinction between the Government and the people.— The whole body of public employes and cre ditors are individually part of the people, and whatever currency they conduct their trans actions in, must be in perpetual circulation through the people. The payment of con tracts, services, salaries, &e. must pass out in every direction into general circulation. The Government, moreover, is the people, repre sented and embodied, in an agency for the management of their necessary public busi ness, and a measure designed to secure the simplicity, safety, and stability of its necessary fiscal action, is one of universal interest to the people at large, rather than to the individu als connected with the administration of the Government. In the second place, this is a suicidal argument on the part of those who use it, since it presumes pajier a baser cur rency than specie. A healthy paper cur rency, certainly convertible on demand, is contended to he as good as, or better than, specie—then why object, on this ground at least, to the public finances being administer ed in the latter ? 2. This is a self-evident fallacy. Specie is the standard by which even paper measures itself. In a healthy state the latter is said to be equivalent to specie. From that standard it is its duty never to depart. AN hat is bv some eo often termed a premium on specie means only a discount on piper. The sala ries are graduated upon that standard. To make those who are entitled to receive ‘.hem, by contract, for services performed, submit to the loss of such a discount, could not he ad vocated by anv one. The answer to this objection is also involved in the former 's. The amount of specie in the country is estimated at more than seventy-five millions. A few years ago it was not halt that amount. The Executive estimates the utmost amount that can be required in the collection and dis bursement of the public revenue at eight •r ten millions. Mr. Benton, from various data and the examples of other countries, estima ted it at one-fourth of the revenue, and the future revenue will not exceed twenty-five millions. But (it was argued) if the revenue increases largely, which may happen, this amount will he increased, and large sums will accumulate. Be it. so, (it was replied), such increase would indicate an unhealthy spirit of speculation in public lands and importation, and it would then serve both as a warning, and a check or drag; whereas under the bank deposite system it acted as a spur, and an additional intoxicating draught. 4. The amount would be small. Some floating capital must always he requisite for the management of any species of extended business. The revenue is expended (or ought to be and will be hereafter) as fast as collected. Even if deposited in banks, to be discounted on, an amount equivalent to what would be withdrawn from crculafu.n under this system, must lie inactive to meet expect ed drafts for the expenditures. The trans portation of specie will be very limited. For ( the most part the collections and disburse ments in the same sections'of country nearly i balance each other; and in those ii which 6weh is not the case, the drafts upon the tu 1 - plus collected on the Atlantic will command j a premium. The transmission by means of | drafts vvoukl be at least as convenient as now. Such drafts, drawn on actual specie, provided ; for actual expenditures, secured by the credit’ of the Government, would be the best kind o{ | paper for exchange, and would, in fact, pro ! uably render any considerable transportation j lof specie unnecessary. No tnore time could | be iost in the transportation of sj)ecie, than is now the case, when the banks have to hold j i funds in reserve, and inactive, to provide for I expected drafts. j 5. The provisions of the hill leave little danger to the public funds. The amounts in ! the hands of depositories can always be ex jactly known to the department, and kept i within the limits of the official bonds, over i which a carful vigilance can be maintained ; land the periodical supervision by co-ordinate ! officers, and special agents, together with the ;severe penal restraints on the use of public money under any circumstances, leave as lit tle clanger as it is possible to secure in any system of human agency. Are not the pub lic moneys exposed to embezzlement by un faithful officers of banks ? Discounted on by hanks, they are, of necessity, exposed to the ! dangers and vicissitudes of commerce ; and |if not discounted on, of what use (ire they to them.'’ And even if an occasional defaulter ; should cause a partial loss, the Government would at least be safe from a sudden total suspension, or loss of all its revenue, such as has recently occurred, and might well occur again. This objection is entirely futile and illusory. 6. The bill creates no new officers ; none beyond a very insignificant number need be created, to carry out this system Its only ef fect is to increase the trouble and responsi bility of public officers. All remember the out cry raised against the deposite bank system, loti this ground, of the danger of improper Executive influence upon the interests of banks; this objection to the late system was not without reason, as was proved hv the ur gent applications made on behalf of the hanks for a share of the public deposites. This is wholly obviated bv the bill. The only mode in which a corrupt influence can be exerted by the public money, is, by the privilege of its use. It is evident that this is entirely cut off’ by a symptom which forbids its being loaned or used for any purpose whatever not commanded by appropriation. The same formalities and checks would attend the pay ment of all drafts, &c., and the Executive would manifestly have no more control over the public moneys, for any other than lawful purposes, than now. 7. This objection was eloquently and inge niously urged. It was replied : That instead of being of a hostile nature towards the banks, this measure was really in a high degree friendly to their best interests, as to those of the people. It was admitted that they were not to blame for having bank ed upon the public deposites —they were re quired to do so by being compelled to pay in terest to the Government, by the depjosite act. The true interest of a bank is to con duct its legitimate business on the firm basis of its own capital and its own credit. It then, and the public, know exactly what to rely upon; and it has its own business safe in its own hands. It is more injurious than profit able, to have the Government credit mixed up with its own. Its credit is liable to be shaken by the action of the Government, and the conflicts of politics. Its basis of capital is constantly shifting, and exposed to variation, according to accumulation and transfers of the public moneys ; and as every expansion of its loans operates with a powerful stimu lating effect on the community, a sudden withdrawal of them, (a necessity to which it must be constantly more or less liable,) must produce a verv injurious influence on both. The business of our enterprising population will always afford a full remunerating profit to capital invested in banking. So long as the Slates continue to create banks, it is their function to distribute and apportion their banking capital suitably to the proper wants of respective localities; and it is an improper interference on tlie part of the Government to disturb the proportions thus established by State legislation, by artificially increasing or decreasing the actual banking capitals of dif ferent institutions, by lending or withdrawing the use of the public moneys. The effect of this system would be to fur nish the community a uniform standard of value. I< was admitted by all, that gold and silver—the currency of the world in the com mercial relations of nations, possessing a value not artificial, hut natural and intrinsic—was that standard, to which paper money ought always to he kept down ; that at the forma tion of the Constitution the possibility of de parture from it was never dreamed of, and 1 would not have been tolerated. That stand jard had hitherto existed only nominally.— The fluctuating elasticity of paper, had, in fact, furnished the only standard in practical use. The transactions of the Government j being conducted in specie would create a cer tain demand for it—not large in proportion to the quantity of money in use—vet constant and regular; this, with the actual circulation of its expenditures, would furnish that practi cal standard of the currency hitherto want ing—that balnncewhee! to the machine, in vain sought to be supplied by a large bank, ! whose action (possessing the same intrinsic j defects as the rest) was far more pernicious ! than beneficial. This would diminish the small note circulation to some extent, and j would, as its best service, compel every bank I to keep its circulation on a par of credit with ihe specie standard. And this would he the only effectual mode of accomplishing that ob ! ject, upon which all should unite. This would ; he not less beneficial to the real permanent j interests of banks, than to the currency and the business of the community. It being conceded that the banks must not hereafter, at any rate, batik upon the public money, they have no material interest in having their notes receivable in the collection of the revenue. The Government could not keep their paper on hand as cash in the Treasury, since this would be equivalent to lending them the public money, in another form, to bank upon ; and they would he thus subjected to having their notes brought in upon them in masses for conversion into spe cie. And, moreover, shall the paper of all, so called, specie-paving hanks be made receiva ble r It would he a dangerous experiment. Shall a discretion of selection he vested in executive officers, to sit in judgment on the credit of banks. Few would advocate it.— i Eight or ten millions is the highest amount of money that would flow in tlie circuit of the i pubiic revenue and expenditures. This is a j proportion altogether insignificant, to the amount of transactions in money of the coun try ; nor could it have any material influence |on the circulation and credit of the medium that should be used for those other purposes, except to increase, in some degree, the specie in actual circulation, and afford, as has just j been said, the s andard and measure hitherto wanting—an object admitted by all to be highly important. The charge that the operation of the bill would force an exclusive metallic currency on the country, and thus suddenly strike down the value of all property “one-third”* or “ two-thirds,” 1 seemed certainly obviated by the gradual caution with which the principle of specie payment was to be brought into ope ration. Independently of the consideration of the small proportion of the currency which would be involved in the fiscal action of the Government, the bill, as amended, allowed over four years for its gradual consummation, which time, it (hat objection was raised, they * Mr. King, of Georgia. t Mr. Clay, of Kon ucVr. were even willing to extend, being mainly anxious for the principle. The exclusion of hank paper from the re venue 1 wring applied to all, would not affect the credit of any—as would be the case, were distinctions made to the prejudice ol particu lar banks. The Slate banks had not the public depo sited during the period ot the charier of the late Bank of the United States, whose notes ( alone were bv law made receivable. It had the option of receiving or discrediting ihe j notes of any of the former; yet, as a whole, j they never were in a sounder or better com l dition than during that period, before they became in any way connected with the Go | vernment. YVas it intended by the States which created them, that their credit should he dependent on the patronage ol the Gene- I ral Government? Not more than one-twentieth of the whole number of banks, are required as deposito ries. What material influence would the !adoption of them have on the credit ol ihe 1 rest of the whole bodv? Would it not give ; the favored few an undue advantage over the I rest ? It was denied strongly that the bill involved ;any attack on the banks, or the credit sys tem. It merely established a simple, safe, [stable, and uniform system ol administration [of the public, finances of the country, secured 1 from the dangers which had been heretofore experienced under all the other systems tried ; exerting, incidentally, a healthful influence on the currency, the business ot the community, and, in n signal degree, on the permanent in terests of the banks themselves. [■ This general charge against the measure proposed, as being calculated to prostrate the “ credit system,” was especially urged as the “ Conservative” objection to it. Although many of the Senators spoke in strong terms against the abuses of that system which the | country had witnessed, any such design was explicitly disavowed, and, as will appear from the tenor of the above arguments in reply, dis proved. To the amendment proposed, as a substitute, by Mr. Rives, it was strongly urged in reply: That his bill could not produce the effect of reform contemplated by it—that of sup pressing bank paper under s2o—-which was ihe main stay on which its merits depended. The age of surpluses has gone by. The re venue is hereafter to he reduced to the mea sure of the economical wants of the Govern ment. The Secretary of the Treasury esti mates that they may soon he reduced to sev enteen millions. There will hereafter he no accumulation of deposites. The disburse ments will follow close on ihe heels of the receipls. And it has already been shown that the amount of money used in the public finances will bear an insignificant proportion to the whole currency. What hanks will be induced to sacrifice ihe profits of their smal ler circulation by that plan ‘ And if any shou'd be found to do so—even if a quarter, or a lalf, of the whole number, the orilv effect would be to leave a richer harvest of profit lo the rest in the supply of small notes. The means are evidently immensely disproportionate to the end proposed. The only effectual wav, with in the competency of the General Govern ment, to extend the metallic circulation, is to keep up, in its own transactions, a metallic nucleus to the currency at large, round which the latter may be thus compelled lo attach it self, adhering to it as the common standard of value. But, moreover, such an attempted reform of the State Institutions would he beyond the legitimate incidental influence that the Fede ral Government may rightfully exert. It would certainly be very little, in harmony with Stale Rights principles. The General Gov ernment is bound to furnish the inform spe cie standard or stable measure, to which it is the business of the States to keep down Iheir respective local currencies. But to under take the reform of the State Institutions—to virtually dictate to the States the proper prin ciples on which they must organize their hank ing system—lo refuse to recognize the hanks of those States which will not adopt the views of the General Government on the subject of small notes (on which there exists considera ble diversities of opinions,) woul dcertainly he extending the action of “ incidental” influence a great deal farther lhan ihe principles and spirit of the State Rights school can tolerate; and in a mode the most obnoxious to jealousy and discontent. Certainly thus to reform the State Banks had no part in the motives which determined the adoption of lhat system in 1933. That reform of the respective State local currencies must be left to the Slates. It is worse tl.an idle lo talk against Federal cen tralization of influence and power, if we are to undertake thus to wield incidental powers, expressly and avovvedlv towards such a direct end of reversal of State legislation. The whole constitutional argument against a Na tional Bank is virtually undermined by such a course of policy. It was argued here, that an important ben efit to the fiscal action of the Govermrent, in another point of view, would result from the dissolution of the connection heretofore exist ing between it and the banking interests of the country. The pressure of hanking influ ences on legislation—well known to be real and potent, though invisible and intangible— with all its pernicious tendency to high taxes and accumulation of revenue, and with all the acrimonious spirit which it introduces into the collisions of part es and opinions—would he at an end. The Treasury Department, also, would be relieved from the necessity, now in cumbent upon it with reference to the safety of the public funds, of entering inlo the arena of conflicting interests, in times of pressure, to assist and relieve the respective hanks that seem to need it, by the weight of its credit and transfers. This had been strongly reprobaied, yet if the public funds are entrusted to, and endangered in hanks, it becomes evidently a measure of necessity. It would also be no unimportant object lo put the Government [ beyond the reach of those perpetual oulcries J and imputations to which it is now subjected j at every step taken in the management of its finances, because eveyv step presses upon the banking interests with which it is con nected. 8. To the remaining argument it was re plied : That nil the relief that the General Gov ernment could legitimately extend (even if more was in its power, which was not the i case,) was provided in the oilier measure al ready passed, viz: The Fourth Instalment Postponement Bill, relieving the deposite banks from the necessity of making that transfer; the issue of Treasury notes; the indulgence granted on duty bonds; and that granted to the late deposite banks. These were very important relief measures. More the Gov ernment could not do. It could not yield to anv temptation to exert itself to grant favors (beyond what ivas already incidentally done.) to any partial interests. A National Bank would, it was believed, vastly augment the evil.* To receive irredeemable paper no one could seriously advocate. * It was pleasantlv replied, bv Mr. Wright, to the | charge made bv Mr. Preston—lo the effect that the ; system projiosed would be virtually to establish a Gov- j ernment National Bank—that if the definition of a hank included one who neither lent money, received depos its, nor issued hi* no’es for circu'ation as currency : (the present issue of Treasury notes being but a tem j porarv anticipation of accruing revenue and funds for the time unavailable,) but onlv occasionally’transferred money, by selling his kills of exchange on his actual 1 specie funds provided, like any other merchant in the market. th°n indeed. “ he wasreadv to sav to the Sen- ! ator from South Carolina, and to aM the friends of that Senator who wore so verr anxious for the establishment !of a National Bank, that, opposed as he was to swh an institution, in name or in principle, if they would compromise bv the acceptance of euch a hank as this : hill would establish, they should have it with his cheer- j fill assent, and this long ami heated agitation about a , Government Bank, should tufunver amicable settled.” From the Washington Chronicle. PEOPLE OF THE SOUTH, LOOK AT THIS. The New York correspondent of the Na tional Intelligencer, true to the interests ol monopolists, thus expresses himself in his lasi. letter: j ‘‘ Saturday is the settling day of the week, when we take a review of things. Ihe do- | mest’c exchanges are in as bad a condition as , ever, except in some few of the Southern eit- j ics. There will be hut few sales of cotton till j we hear from Europe again. Foreign grain; is constantly coming into market. Ol real es-. tate there are no sales. V* natot dry goods, the Southern and Western people consume i ibis year, they will have to pay well for in Natches, 15 to IS percent, as an addition, to make up.tiie rate of exchange; Nashville, 10 to 12 per cent., and in other places according to the rate of exchange on New Y: ork. 1 his it costs for ‘ glory’ to atone for killing ‘ the Monster.’ ” This is the scourge wherewith the South ; is to be driven into the bank snare. YYhatj does all this amount to? The true answer ought to open the eyes of every farmer and planter in the South. Southern and YY estern merchants are to pay 15 per cent, advance for their goods, and the people, who are the con sumers, aic to pay 20 per cent, on this ad vance to the merchants! How is this state of things brought about, and what is the sum and substance of the matter? Attend for a mo ment, think but an instant, and you will see the whole working of this nefarious system. The South and Southwest export about two-thirds of the whole amount ol produce sent to foreign markets. The return cargoes enter at New York and oilier Northern ports, consigned to irerchants at these places. These merchants sell them to Southern and South western dealers at 50 per cent, advance on she p: ime cost. And how is payment to he made ? Why, in this wa v, and this way only. The Southern and Southwestern deal er goes on to New York, carrying with him the notes of Southern and Southwestern hanks. These notes are good m the States where they are issued. They are true re presentatives of value ; and many of them are issued on the credit of the Slates them selves. They arp, in many respects, sounder and better than the notes of the New York batiks, some of which issue sixteen paper dollars to one of specie. But it matters not. j YVlien the dealer goes lo New York, he is told that his money will not be received in payment for goods. He must go to the broker and have his notes shaved ai from 15 to 18 per cent, discount, and get. in return the notes of New York banks. He does this, gets his goods, lays on the per cent, on their j cost, and then sells them to the planter and farmer at 25 or 30 per cent, advance on the whole ! This is the way in which Ihe South and Southwest have been impoverished. This the machinery put in operation hv the North ern banks, to make the South pay tribute. In this consists ihe secret of their wealth and our poverty! Can any Southern man con template it without amazement and indigna tion ! The very returns of their own pro duce sold to them, at an advance of 50 per cent, further burdened by a discount of from 15 to 18 percent.; they, in the mean time, giving the notes of sound banks, for the notes of broken banks! Is it not most mani fest that this system is the result of a desper ate combination of Northern capitalists against Ihe dearest interests of the South ? Shall it continue? Shall we longer submit to ils grinding exactions? No —no —no, is the answer of every Southern man who un derstands his interests, and is determined to maintain them. And how shall this nefarious league he broken up? How shall the siniMer efforts of ihcse Northern capitalists be arrested ? The answer is plain. Let Southern cities import iheir own goods ; let the return cargoes enter at Norfolk, Charleston, Savannah, Mobile, New O leans, and other Southern ports, in stead of New York; and Ibis whole scheme of wanton exactions will he blown to the winds. In these ports. Southern money will be at par. The lahles will he turned, and speculators instead of depreciating our South ern money, will be compelled to purchase it at. an advance, in order lo buy our cotton, rice, and tobacco. YYe shall no longer he taxed ten, fifteen, and twenty per cent, in or der to get ihe goods which our own produce has brought to the country. \s an indispensable means to effect this great object we must go for a separation of the Government from the hanks. Our South ern hanks can stand without the Government patronage, of which 1 hev have received so small a share; while these slock-jobbing es tablishments of the North, which have been sustained hv the aid of Government surplus es, will tumble to pieces. They will have no longer the means of oppressing os. Com merce will he free—and trade will flow in its natural channels. Until this is done we o, Ihe South are doomed to be the victims o. extortion. Lpt the South stand up in de fence of the Treasury system and the fetters which have so long hound us, will fall from our hands. The Northern capitalists know this; and hence their clamor for a hank, and hitter denunc'ntions of the Treasury system. They see it will set us free—and they are not willing lhat we should he free. Let the South awake from ils fatal lethargy, and ral ly as one man. to the support of the “Treas ury system. If they slumber now they are lost. The banks are in ihe field. Capitalists are rallying to their support —and if they sue-j ceed in forcing the Goverrnent into iheir plans the South and Southwest are hound for half a century, and delivered over to their mer cenary exactions. From the Savannah Georgian. LATE FROM FLORIDA. We late last evening, through iheattention of Capt. Adams, of the John McLean, receiv jed the following letter from a correspondent i at Garey’s Ferry, and the subjoined slip from ! the editors of the Jacksonville Cour., (Messrs. 1 Weir &. Richardson.) Clarksville. E. F. > February 10, 1838. 3 j To the Editor of the Georgian, j Dear Sir: A letter was received at this I place last evening, from an officer of the ar j my al Indian River, stating tha* there was a j 1 report there that Gen. Jesup had captured j three or four hundred Indians, men, women I land children. The officer writes that the re- 1 port is very indefinite, therefore he will not; vouch for the truth of it. The whole coun try where Gen. Jesup is operating, is under; water, frequently catching t K e men up toj their breasts. Gtn. J. is now near Jupiter; inlet. Jacksonville. Feb. 2o, > Courier Office, Tuesday, 2 o’clock A . M. 3 By the arrival of the steamer John Me- ■ Lean, Capt. Adams, from Black Creek, we learn that a letter from an officer at St. An-1 gustine, to nnoiherat Black Creek, says, that | an express had arrived from the army, which j says that is rumored that Gen. Jessup had captured SCO Indians. It is also said that that a treaty has been made with the Indians, and Lt. Leonard has! departed for Washington, from Indian river, in order (it is supposed) to ratify the treaty. ] - (From the Republican of yesterday.) Our corresdondent in Florida writes from Ciarksviile under date of the 14th inst. thus— “ Last evening’s express from Tampa, brought ‘ us information that 21 Indians and 103 negroes had come in lately at that post. It is also said that a considerable body of Indians are 1 on an Island southwardly, and are heined in j by some of our troojis. “ Report says that Gen. Nelson has killed 1? Indians and taken 10 prisoners.” SENTINEL & HERALD. COLUMBUsT march 1,1839. The following persons have kindly con- | sented to act as Agents for the Sentinel and Herald: Col. C. Parker, Monroe Cos. Peter Cone, Esq. Eden, Effingham Cos. Rev. Reuben E. Brown, Perry P. 0. Hous | ton Cos. Thos. H. Key, Esq. Drayton, Dooly Cos. I Col. Thos. J. Holmes, Byron, Baker Cos. Stephen D. Crane, Esq. Dahlonega, Lump kin Cos. | Col. John Dill, Fort Gaines, Go. I John C. Mangham, Greenville, Ga. \ E. J. Wood Sc Cos. St. Joseph, Fior. Nourse, Brooks Sc Cos. Apalachicola. J. S. Yarbrough, Lumpkin, Stewart Cos. Jas. Buchanan, Cuthbert, Randolph Cos. WESTERN AND ATLANTIC RAILROAD. j The last Macon Messenger remarks:—“ It i is probaly known to but few of our readers that considerable progress has already been j made in the work on that portion of the road j extending from the Chattahoochee to the j Tennessee rivers, generally known as the ; “ Main Trunk.” For some months past the work has been going on on a limited scale, hut we believe that within the last month the number oflaborers has been greatly increased, probaly to a thousand or more. Proposals are now offering’ by Col. Long, the for the construction of about forty miles o* the rout, to be commenced as early as May, This, it will be recollected, will be a portion of the Central Railroad. “ We would remark, while on this subject, that the road from Augusta, which will unite with the above, is in a state of forwardness, and the work carried on with great zeal and energy. The stock has all been taken up, and the road will soon be put under contract —the old route by Athens is abandoned, and it will be carried through Newton County,. to, or near Covington, thence to the main l irunk in De Kalb. “ We trust that all interested in the welfare I of our city, or the benefits to be derived from the Central Railroad, will see the necessity of being np and doing. Is it not high time that public attention was directed to that- portion of the road from Forsyth to the Chattahoo chee? Unless we wish others to reap the first fruits of the enterprise exclusively, and permanently give a direction to the trade and travel on these roads, we should not suffer ourselves to he found lingering in the work, while they are pursuing it with so much in dustry. We say to our fellow citizens and I all around us, it is time this matter was taken | seriously in hand.” Well, citizens of Columbus, wh.it do you i say to the above? Are you determined to let Savannah, Augusta, and Macon, undo you forever? So there is no hope for the beautiful ciiv of Columbus? Is her destiny written? Really, it does seem so. Will no further ef fort be made by her citizens to save them selves and property? Oh, for shame! for ■ shame! R A. C li* &. j Over the Western Course, on Monday last ? i the Annual Spring Meeting of our Jocky Club ! | commenced. The day was beautifully bright, j ; and without a cloud. I “ The land-breere blew mild, and the azure arched sky, i j Look'd |-u:e as the spirit that made it.” The sports of the week began with a sweepstakes for two vear olds,entrance $5200, half forfeit; two mile heats; in which race there were seven entries; of this number, how ever, hut three of the entries were brought to I the “scratch,” viz: Col. John Crowell’s imp. | br. f. Miss Florida Hepburn, by Tramp, dam | by Whisker; Judge A. Iverson’s s. c. Count j Zaldivar, by Andrew, of Va. darn by Timo ! jeon, and Dr. Robt. W. Carnes’ c. c. Purler, by Jackson, dam by Gallatin. The others paid forfeit. Unusual interest was felt in the race. The : fact that a trial of “speed and game,” be- j tween an imported English thorough-bred,; and an American raise J thorough-bred, was j to be contested, gave rise to high anticipa tions of sport. It nflords ns pleasure to say | that none were disappointed. It was cer tainly the most interesting Colt race we ever; witnessed, and the time “slap up” almost j unprecedented for two year olds. The contest was between the beautiful Florida Hepburn, and the very gallant young Count Zaldivar. Dr. Carnes’ Colt proving j unmanageable in training, was distanced the! first beat. At the tap of the drum they a!| j got off well, Count Zaldivar leading, the S English filly close up. Oh, it would have | done you good to have seen these two beau- , tiful “young tilings” striding away as if they \ felt that all their future renown on the fate of j that day and occasion was forever depending. Nobly—nobly did they struggle—desperately j and unyielding did they dispute every inch of j ground. We are almost sorry to have to say that ihe fust heat was won by the Count. As both had contended for the heat, it was j j evident that the American colt had the ‘fool’ |of the English filly. The game was now to ’ decide it—if the gallant young Count had a flaw in his blood, Miss Florida Hepburn, in the course of the next two miles, intended to find if. After the usual period allowed, they were again summoned to the trial, and after a false start, got off as fierce as ever, the Count j again leading. The whole of ihe last two miles was contested ss r.oblv as the first, j The untiring Miss Florida Kept close up, j waiting for the looked for “cave in,” hut ihe steel-like descendant of Andrew had r.o idea ! of a “ cave in,” but went right along, for he j intended no doubt to settle the question, so far as he was concerned, that imported nags are not to be allowed to come over here, and beat American raised nags on their own grit; and so far as this trial went, it was decided j’ that an American raised Colt did beat an 1 English raised Colt, and that too in excellent time and in very handsome style. It was evident to all, that the Colt could have made better lime, as he was never “ put up” during the whole race, and ran hard in hand. He is one of the most gallant and beautiful look ing animals we ever saw, and gives promise ot making a race horse of the first water. The following is the order of Ihe race : ‘ Judge Iveson’s s. c. Count Zaldivar, 1 1 i Col. Crowell’s imp. hr. f. Florida Hep burn, 2 2 Dr. R. W. Carnes’ e. c. Pooler. dis. , First Day— mile heats— purse S3OO. I Mr. G. Edmundson’sb. h. South erner, 4 years old, by Bullock’s Mucktejohn, out of the dam of American Citizen, 2 11 Col. John Crowell’s br. colt, Gov. Branch, 8 years old, by E clipse, dam bv Shawnee, 12 2 Mr. A. Terry’s s. h. Doct. dis. ; Time, Ist heat, 1 55; 2d heat, 1 54; 3d ; heat, 2 02. Track in good order and well attended. ! Second day—Two mile heats — Purse SSOO. Col. John Crowell’s imp. br. filly, Susan Dodge, 2 years old, by Tramp, dam by Whisker, 1 1 Mr. G. Edmondson's s. m. lone, 4 years old, by John Rich ards, dam by imp. Expedition, 2 2 Time, Ist heat, 3 53; 2d heat, 3 52. A beautiful race. The English filly made up in this race the loss of “expectation” on her j sister, the beautiful and dangerous Miss Flor -1 ida Hepburn. If Susan Dodge don’t “ crack’ J the reputation of the best “cracks” in the ! country, we’ll give it up. We publish, to-day, the principal argu ments urged against and for the Sub Treas ury Bill, now pending in Congress. Looking upon this bill as the most important measure now before the American people, we feel it our duty to furnish our readers with all the light upon this interesting subject possible. The fate of the bill is not yet decided. W e sin. cerely regret to learn (and we think every sincere friend of the bill will regret with us,) that one of our Union Delegation, in Con gress, it is feared, will vole against this bill- We consider the question now fairly before Congress, to be, a United States Bank, or Sub Treasury Bill. If the latter falls to the ground, then indeed is the South gone> •rredeemablv gone! Give the North a National Bank, and the South is lost forever! We believe that no one can read the argu j ments in reply to the objections urged against j the bill, without feeling himself satisfied that j there is no argument can weigh a feather i against it. Lot every one who wishes infor mation upon this subject read the article re ferred to. For the Sentinel and Herald. THE STATE OF PARTIES IN GEORGIA. It affords matter of curious interest, when vve reflect on the winding course which the present opposition party has pursued during tiie la>t six >r seven years. Before the year 1830, and up to that time, this parly claimed, and in fact had acted upon the principles < f the republican school, at the bead of which was Mr. Jefferson ; but viewing with jealousy the increase of the then old Clark parly, which carried out more thoroughly, and pla ced more value on those sound democratic principles of the Jeffersonian school, while al the same time it was disposed to exercise the ! moderation and forbearance so happily re -1 commended by Washington himself, in regard ! to the then exciting question of the day, the j high Tariff system, the Troup party, (a : large majority of which now compose tin {present opposition,) determined to make a | bold effort and a big hubbub , in order to in j crease its forces, and soon an uproar was kicked up through the Slate against what they called the grievous oppressions of the north, almost unparalleled in the history of panics. “ Anti-tariff ” was the watch-word of every dabbler in politics, the northern peo ple were cursed into mincemeats, and eternal vengeance was sworn against every Yankee north of the Potomac. Homespun was the order of the day, (which, by the bye, was a very good order,) not, however, because they desired to wear it, bat adopted as a mark of opposition, saving by iheir acts that they could do very well without the. north, and of course would not care a straw about dividing the Union. About this time South Carolina gave second birth to the famous doctrines of nullification , (it “being originally hatched at the Hartford Convention,) which flew like wildfire throughout Georgia. This doctrine, which led immediately to a dissoluiion of the Union, was seized upon, with few exceptions, by the whole Troup party, and triumphantly ! proclaimed the rightful remedy. The history j of its rise and fall is too well known for us I now to repeat it. Assuming this new position j this party soon became powerless. ‘l'hose j consistent men who advocated the old Troup l doctrines, could not he carried to such ex | t rentes ; and as the party had deserted its old ; ! republican creed to follow the fates of nullifi > cation, it was let go on in its wild career; j hence the acquired strength of the old Clark j party: always consistent and true to the old I republican cause, it merged into the glorious ! doctrines of union, teaching it votaries patri otic forbearance, with the noble design of | perpetuating our proud national confederacy, I as long as time shall last. The nullification party now proclaimed against all intercourse with the north what- I ever; they declared the Yankees to he thieves and robbers, not good enough even to he ! j hanged by the necks; and in their madness j they even advocated a dissolution of the Union as inevitable and desirable. Yet even then,! amidst their wildness, they adhered to one! sound position: Their opposition against the constitutionality of the United States Bank] ; was persisted in until the recent panics of ruin and desolation drove them from this po sition, and forced them into the ranks of the Federal Whig party, at the head of which islands Daniel Webster and Henry Clav : ! And now we behold them in opposition to nullification , state rights and democracy , hand j in hand with those whom they once so bitterly | abused, and yi whose company we find the abolitionists, in hearty ro-operation against the measures of the administration and the republican cause, the advocates of a United ;States Bank, and friends and allies of the high Tariff advocates. Such is the position of the opposition party in Georgia. A REPUBLICAN. For the Sentinel and Herald. PRESERVATIVE AGAINST SCARLET FEVER. WITH REMARKS, ETC. Since this disease still continues to make its appearance in different directions, and under ; such circumstances as induce us to believe that it may possibly prevail more abundantly, 1 originating as it does from a predisposing at mospherical influence,we have thought proper io give the following results of the use of Bel ladonna, as a preservative against the attacks of this most dangerous epidemic. We offer no apology in doing so. Nothing should be left untried that promises the least hope of shielding our innocent otlsprmg rom the in vasions of this fatal scourge, or oi mitigating I,B The Ger'riiarr Physicians declare this pro phylactic against the attacks o! scarlatina to be’ not less potent in its influence Rian the vaccine matter in small pox, the only diflu ence existing in the permanency of these in fluences, that of the loaner operating only during its use. It seems that many who l ‘“ d prescribed it, had not kept any account of he number of patients they had attended, but among those who had kept an -account, it appears that during more or less violent epi demics of scarlatina, out of the number ot 2027 children and adults who had used the preservative, only 79 were affected with the disease. , . Hufeland and Schenk, who, of 510 subjects, subjected to this preservative, (bund tinea only affected with Scarletina ; Cumper, who, of forty-eight, had only two; Berndt, who. ot one hundred and ninety-five, had fourteen ; Behr, who, of forty-seven, had six ; Yelsen, who, of two hundred and forty-seven, had thirteen. Huleland asserts “ that in his own practice, he had not seen a single subject, whom he had treated, attacked with the dis ease.” Dr. Mm beck asserts “ that for seven years he has employed, always with equal success, this preservative. When the disease manifested itself in any house, either sporadi cally or consequent an epidemic influence, he administered it to every one threatened with contagion, taking care to make them continue its use to the complete desquamation of the patients affected. He had recourse to it in families where the disease had not yet maui-* fested itself, and that all who, during the space of seven years, have been subjected by him to the use of this preservative, were ex empted from the scarlet fever.” Dr. Dusterberg, of Warburg, “ has admi nistered this preservative with such success, that during three consecutive epidemics of Scarlatina, he looked upon it to be as efficn cious as vaccine matter in small-pox.” HiV experiments were very conclusive. He se lected in each family submitted to treatment, one child, to whom the preservative in ques tion was not given, and all the children thus exempted from its use were affected by the contagion. Dr!. Yelsen, of Cleves, “among two hun dred and forty-seven persons who made use of the preservative, had only thirteen who contracted Scarlatina, to wit, four children who used the remedy several weeks, though irregularly, one child who look it regularly fourteen days, another eight days, and seven who had ial.en it only during forty-eight hours ” Dr. V. conus to the following con clusions : ‘l. That this remedy is a preventative against Scarlatina in n great majority of cases. 2. That the disease is milder in those who have made use of it. 3. That when administered in the doses pointed out, the remedy is attended with no danger, ml consequently there can he I tile or no inconvenience in living it a lair trial M. Ibrelisle, a physician of Metz, informs ns that “he has seen twelve children preser ved, bv this remedy, from Scarlatina, which bad attacked two ‘hundred and six others, in the midst of idiom the twelve protected ones resided.” M. Friesto, “who observed an epidemic of scarlet fever in the village of Ite.mling, Can lon of Scierck, See, during the mouths of De cember 1828 and January 1829, derived great advantage from this preventative means.— The mortality here was very great, since out of one hundred patients, r.o less than cighty tliree died. At this time the preservative was given to twenty-lwo individuals, who, although they both resided and slept with those afficted with the disease, were not attacked.” “ Four children,” lie continues, “ living in two bouses where there were per sons laboring under the malady, did not take the preservative, whilst in one of these houses three others took it regularly every oilier day. Tiie limr children who had not the benefit of the preservative, became affected with Scar lelitia, and what is very remarkable, not one of the other three, though they were equally’ exposed to tiie contagion, became ill.” “I could,” adds this physician, “cite many oilier similar examples which were followed with the same results: And now I never hesitate, in my rounds from house to house, to carry with me my remedy, being well assured that I can always arrest the epidemic.” Such are Ihe recorded facts of able and experienced foreign physiciat s. As yet we have no account of the use of this [trophy lactic. in the United Slates, nor do we believe that any trial has been made of its virtues in l his respect. Yet from the results already given, we think it has high claims upon the profession. We do not hesitate to declare as our decided belief, that when it shall have been well tested, it will fully sustain the high character guarantied to it by the foregoing experiments. We should he pleased were we able to find a treatment for Scarlatina, offering so much hope of success in its cure, and on such satis factory experience, as in ihe means offered as a preservative; but in this expectation, front all the lights which we have been able to gather on the subject, we shall yet have to submit to the most mortifying disappointment, i rendered almost provoking, from the obsti nacy with which this disease seems to resist and bailie all the means resorted to for its cure. Wh ere, then, are vve to look for those bidden mysteries which seem to exercise such powerful influences in resisting the very best medical skill, arid hurries the disease on to its fatal termination, with as much force and certainty as though a remedial agent had never been interposed to check its progressive violence? All (lie various plans of treatment so highly extolled, whether of a depleting, refrigerant, or stimulating nature, have suc cessively failed in the violent forms of Scar latina, and left the physician to ponder over the impotency of his remedies, and the falli bility of his art. Shall we then give up lids disease as incurable, whenever it may present itself in those violent forms in which it some times sweeps off almost whole families? We think not. Although medical experience has not yet presented us with a safe and settled plan of treatment, with which we may at once meet and vanquish it, vet there is no I good reason why it may not he treated on correct, medical principles, with ns much pros pect of relief as human art and skill are capa ble of promising, as well in this as in ali other maladies. We are of opinion, however, that there can he no settled or specific plan of treatment, for this disease, successfully adopt ed, for the very best reason, that its constitu tion, like-that ot all other epidemics, although its specific marks may be retained, has its periods of rotation, ai.d consequently requires | a rotation or change of its treatment; hence, at some periods, the depleting and refrigerant plan of treatment may be resorted to with the best advantage, and at other periods again the stimulating plan alone can be employed with any prospect of success, depletion being at such periods attended with the worst sequences. The object of the physician, then, is to inform himself of the character of the epidemic, whenever it presents itself, and to proceed cautiously in his remedies, until he shall have fully investigated the nature of its constitution; this done, he can have but little inconvenience afterwards in meeting the dis ease promptly and boldly, for the same plan of treatment, more or less modified, will be essential in all the cases which may come under his care. In speaking of the stimulating planfof treat ment which was pursued in Scsrletina in 1801-2, Dr. Graves remarks: “ft is argued that had the cases, which proved fiital at that period, been treated hy copious depletion in