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Report and resolutions of the COMMERCIAL CONVENTION. The comm Aee of iweruv-flve, to wis referred lh* considersnm. _ j. (or which the Convention was called vdh instructions to report thereon, have uevoled to the pcrlormaiice of the doty ass-gn.. •1 , all the attention practicable, under the cir cumstances by which they have been sur rounded, within the very limited period ac corded for their investigations. An era has at length dawned upon us, characterised by ardent aspirations on the part of our people for the commercial grandeur and indepen dence of Georgia. This sentiment, which has been so recently aroused, and which has already become so strong and pervading, is far from being the (breed and sickly offspring of mere slate pride and sectional ambition. On the contrary, it owes ils birth and rapid development to causes the most natural and healthful, which, from the certainly, power and permanency with which they may be made to operate in her favor, must infallibly advance Georgia to a towering height of commercial greatness and prosperity, il she falter not in the pursuit of her own soi; ! in terests and high destinies. These causes are the vast and various physical resources of the state; its admirable geographical position and capabilities, and the enlightened percep tion and strenuous improvement o! all those noble advantages to which the public mind and energies have now become so thoroughly ; awakened. A glance at the map of our country,demonstrates at once how command- | ing is the local position occupied by Georgia j among her sisters, fur all purposes ol internal j and foreign trade! She is the la-'t state lying j to the south, whose icrritory is both ind nted , by fine Atlantic harbors, and penetrated deep into the interior, up to the veiy mountains, : by navigable Atlantic rivers. Then on her ! western borders vve behold the first naviga ble waters which find their way from the ; same mountain region to the Mexican Gull’, , after winding through her whole length from ] north to south. Thus placed, she is const:- j tilled, bv her position, the keystone of the j long arch of the maritime states of our Union, j which, from her opposite sides, stretch out respectively along the shores of the ocean, and of the gulf. T his peculiarity of position, is a ciicuinstance of great moment, in esti mating the superiority of her natural advan tages; for it necessarily renders her territory the patinvay, and her seaports the outlet of all that portion ol the commerce and travel of the Southwestern states, which may be tempted to prefer an Atlantic port to encoun tering the danger, circuity and expense of the navigation through the gulf and around the peninsula of Florida. But it i3 not until we turn our view in another direction —towards the northern fron tier of Georgia—and there survey the natu ral ties which invite her to connexion with the numerous and thriving states which cover the great valley of the Mississippi, that the commercial capabilities and prospects of our state open upon the mind in all their grand eur and infinity. That vast and wonderfully productive region, is the theatre to which every maritime Mate of our confederacy, which is animated by aught of the spirit of commercial enterprise, is now directing an eager competition. Georgia has been the last to enter the lists; but, though the last, she was nevertheless guilty ol no delay, for she was prompt to enter them the very first moment after the way was opened to her through her own territory, bv the removal of the savage occupants who had so long en cumbered her soil and embarrassed her po licy. The promptitude, the confidence and energy with which she thus embarked in the great work of uniting, by a comprehensive and judiciously conceived scheme of internal improvements, her commercial cities on the sea coast and in the interior, with the navi gable waters which pour info the Mississippi, were amnlv warranted bv the signal advan tages for SucriH connexion, wninirmrem*. *. : bestowed on her. For in her favor the great Tennessee river, after winding its course firr down to the south, and wooing her embraces by its near approach, turns away to the west and northwest, beckoning us to com merce on its flood with the Ohio and Missis sippi. And in her favor, moreover, the moun tain chain which stretches across the western pathway of all the other Atlantic states, from New York to our own territory, is broken and dispersed within our confines, freeing our route to the west at once from circuity and any considerable obstacle. Is it not then manifest, that when our lines of railroads now in rapid progress of execution, shall be com pleted and thrown open to use through their whole length, Georgia wil’ be able to enter upon the competition for western trade, un der circumstances of decided advantage as to distance, accessibility and expense, over every other Atlantic state ! To these highly auspicious circumstances, other considerations of powerful influence are to be added, which cannot fail to make the scale preponderate in her favor, at least as against her great Northern rivals. Their channels of the trade throughout a large por tion of the year must forever be exposed to the formidable obstruction of ice and snow. Ours will be pereniallv open and free from all impediments. And still more: the Irans montane states of the West and the Atlant c, states of the North, have kindred soils and ; climates, and are also destined to have ulti- | mutely kindred manufactures and industry of every description—and it clearly follows that they cannot furnish a market of consumption for each other’s fabrics and productions ; for it is manifestly absurd that countries pro ducing like commodities of commerce, should carry on a trade with each bher in those commodities, for the purpose of domestic con sumption. Hence the only inducement that can permanently direct the Westward trade to the Northern states and seaports, will he the advantage of using their seaports as me diums of commercial interchange with other sections of the Union, and with foreign coun tries. This advantage the seaports of Geor gia will be able to furnish • quallv with those of the North ; and in addition to it. the differ ence of climate, soil and production, which characterise the South and West, must for ever render the South a great market of con sumption for Western commodities ; and the West, on the other hand, as soon as she shall j engage largely in manufactures, a like mar ket far our otvn great Southern staple. As- j suredly then, if the facilities of reaching onr j Southern markets, and of trading through them with the rest of the world, be but equal | to those of getting to the Northern Atlantic cities, the West cannot hesitate to which to I award ihepreference. Her citizens and trad ers coming hither as the better market in which to sell, will remain here to buy not only our home productions, but all foreign mer chandise, if we shall but prepare ourselves to sell to them on as favorable terms as are offer ed by the North. 1 hus, by the completion of our works of internal improvements, we may reasonably calculate to render Georgia the medium through which a vast amount of the foreign trade of the Western states will permanency pass—which coming in aid of the support de rived from our own people, and thp adjoining states of the South, cannot foil to unbuild a commercial emporium on our seaboard, which shall rival, if not outvie, the oreat seaports of the North. The committee have dwelt thus fullv on the tendency of opening channels of trade with the est. arid Southwest to attract a direct trade to our seaports, because it ts the deliberate oonclnsS >r at which they have ar rivpd, that ‘to itk"r means m pfoev which ‘ we cats enrtrf >v. wfo o-oduc- s -eh *> >o any vm.cable orient. ,\ ion ‘as ‘he com merce of Georgia is hemmed in by the Alle- 1 ganies and the Chattahoochee, it is madness j to hope that she can compete even for the | supply of her own peonle w:tn foreign com- . modifies with New Vo:hand other Northern j cities, to whom the whole Union is open as a j region of supply and consumption for their j imports. For in affairs of commerce the | principle of centralization is uncommonly strong. A place which has already become a great market to which immense and widely diversified regions resort, will he able to un deiseil greatly, other things being equal, those at which a less extensive and intense demand is concentrated ; and this for the ob vious reason that the merchant in the former may certainly sell many times over in the ‘.course of the year the value of the whole stock which he may have on hand at any j one time; and cm, consequently, afford to take a much smaller profit on each isolated sale, than the merchant in the latter can put up with who cannot make half the same number of operations in a given time with his capital. Thus it happens that although goods can he landed at Savannah and Charleston from Europe, as cheaply as at New York, yet the merchant at Savannah and Charleston has found himself compelled to sell them dearer —no much dearer that the people of the South have found it to their advantage to pass by arid through their own seaports, and to encounter all expense of transporting their foreign merchandise from i a remote northern city. The only mode of conquering this great existing disadvantage will be to enlarge by the completion of our works of internal improvement, the circum ference of country, the field of consumption i into which our seaports may throw their . foreign imports. Then, and not till then, will ; the greatness, constancy and intensity of de >ruand concentrated in our cities, enable our I merchants to sell as much in value on a given j capital, in a given time, and consequently to | sell at as low a profit on each transaction as j iias been found practicable bv the New 1 ork j importer. Influenced by thn foregoing views I the committee feel that as a means to the effectuation of the objects for which the Con j vontion has been railed, the vigorous prose cution of our works of internal improvement now in progress, cannot be too zealously urged upon the attention of the people and of the Legislature. The importance of securing to the people of Georgia the direct importation of the arti cles necessary to their own consumption, is believed to be universally admitted among us, and those who have doubted its practicabi lity, (if there be any such) will in the'opin ion of this committee have had those doubts removed by the able expositions which have heretofore emanated from the several Com mercial Conventions at Augusta. The Com mittee will not therefore occupy the time of this Convention, in discussing these ques tions. They will assume as propositions al ready satisfactorily demonstrated, that the di rect importation of the articles necessary to our own consumption, and that of the South western stales who are contiguous to us, is both desirable and and will pro ceed to enquire what are im means best cal culated to accomplish this object? But, be fore doing so, as the mind always reposes with more confidence upon fact than theory, it may be useful to bring to the view of the Convention the following facts in relation to one of our seaports : The foreign exports of Savannah, according to the Custom Hocse returns, are 011.723,551 The exports coastwise, 4,060.000 The aggregate of her exports is, therefore, 015,739,551 Her direct foreign imports are 1,010,200 Her circuitous importation of foreign goods is 6,000,000 And tier importation of manu factures U. S. is ‘ 3,500.000 I) is thus seen that independently of the j .'l'?* irfAvti otrcii Vfv* —*■—J into the state of Georgia through her other ports, and through the port of Charleston, the circuitous importation of those goods, through tiie port of Savannah alone, is 06,- 000,000. Now, the difference of expense be tween a direct and circuitous importation, is estimated, by practical men, to amount to 20 per cent. It includes freight front the North (o Savannah, insurance, exchange, the pro fits of the Northern merchant, commissions, See. The truth of this statement may be tested by any merchant. Assuming it to be cm rect, what follows ? We pay 20 per cent, on $8,000,000, or 01,200,000 to our North ern brethren, for that which ought to be done by our own merchants. We pay this yearly, and every year, and we have been paying it for a series of years. Dues any man wonder at the wealth which they have amassed? at the splendor of their cities ? at the magnifi cence of their public works? Look at New York ; She exports $19,316 520 She imports 118,258,41.6 The profits on this vast excess of her im portation over her exportation, beyond what is necessary to her own consumption, would legitimately belong to those who consume the articles so imported, and, if true to them selves, they were their own importers. These facts, in the view of the committee, speak a language which can neither be mis understood, nor disregarded. They tell us that we are faithless to our own best inter est, if, with united effort, we do not endeavor to rent*. !y them. When we turn our attention to the means by which we can secure to ourselves our un doubted right to supply our own wants, by the agency of our own merchants, we must not disguise the fact, that the difficulties which obstruct its accomplishment, are nei ther few nor stun!’. For ;> cries of years, we have been accustomed t<i look for the far greater portion of our foreign supplies to the market of New York. This is the estnhlish | ed channel of the foreign trade of the South, j and the difficulty of diverting commerce from jits established channels, has passed into an ; axiom. New York has. moreover, one of he finest harbors in the world, and a magni ficent scheme of internal improvements car ried into successful operation by the libera! use of the credit of the state, has opened to her an interior trpde which no other city in the Union enjoys. With Ihese she combines j an amount of capital adequate to her ex tended commerce. It consists not merely of the twen'y millions possessed by her banks, | but of the vast amount in the hands of indi- I vidua Is, which is actively engaged in com- ] merce. The facility of communication which ! she enjoys with Philadelphia, renders the large banking capita! of that city also tribu tary to tier merchants, and combined j advantages enable her to furnish a market, | the extent and variety of which exceeds that |of every other in the United States. With I these advantages she has been enabled to I beat down (lie rivalry of Philadelphia, of Pos | ton and of Baltimore, and in a commercial j view she is the queen, not on'y of the North, ! but of the Union. If the question were, j whether we could compete whh New l ork, ! in die supply of any foreign market, it would be speedily answered. Such an experiment j would be hopeless. But that is not our pur j pose. The bounty of Providence has made 1 us producers of certain great staple articles : of commerce, the value of which is more than | adequate to supply our wants as consumers. : To a great extent we are our own exporters! jof thes* articles to foreign markets, and to j ihe.se of the other states. Why should I not bring home the returns which mg necs ear. to our own consumption and that of our j sisters of the Southwest. Having carried our i coit.i i. *io.*, &e. to Liverpool, o; elsewhere,j why shou'.l we employ a northern merchant j ■ to import into New York, and to send to qs s [from thence the goods which we want in re-’ ’ turn ? The answer to these enquiries would ‘include many considerations which it is lot; ! necessary to examine here. It is imqu< a j iionably true, however, that one ol'the causes i which has b-arelv contributed to produce, and which still operates to continue tins state of things, is the want of the capital necessary to these importations. The great staple articles of our produce will in some sort export themselves, or will furnish to a great extent the means of their own exportations. The purchaser in the in terior can raise funds by discounting a bill on his agent in the port of shipment, and the latter can reimburse himself by drawing on she foreign consignee. But for the purchase jof goods in a-foreign market', the importer must have funds here, or a credit upon which lie can value, ami making his sales on longi credits, must have the means of converting! the paper he receives into cash. The mer-; chant of New York, in the course of a long! continued traffic, lias that credit established! to the extent of their wants —or if not, the j amount of capita! at home will readily fur- i ni h il. The merchant of the South enjoys j no such advantage. To a limited extent one 1 of the Banks of Charleston has endeavored j to supply this want, by establishing a credit in England, upon which it can grant letters of credit to the importing merchant of that city, and a laudable effort has been made, though on a still smaller scale, by the Eank of the State of Georgia, to obtain the means of furnishing similar advantages to the im porter of Savannah. Looking to our actual condition, it is obvious that these credits, and j the discount of six, nine and twelve months j paper received by the importer, can be fur nished and made only hv our banks, and it is equally certain that their present capitals will enable them to do this to a very inconsidera ble extent. It has been seen that, the im ports of Savannah alone amount to 010,510,- 200. Its banking capital,all told,is $1,890,151. It will be obvious that this is utterly inade quate to the purpose of such supply. If we turn our attention from New York, to our j sister city of Charleston, who is entering into ! competition with us, with a spirit which be comes her, vve cannot fail to be struck with ihe superior advantages which her merchants j will possess over ours. She has already a : banking capital of 09,000.000, to which is to j he added a large portion of that of the great j bank of 012,000,000, recently established un-j df*r the charter of three States, and therefore enjoying a protected circulation throughout all their borders—with a hanking capital of less than two millions, can Savannah suc cessfully compete with Charleston, with her sixteen or seventeen millions? And are vve prepared for the want of this, to sacrifice the natural advantages, which our own seaport possesses. Not only Savannah, but our oth er more Southern ports, can in justice claim superiority over Charleston, 3S inlets from the Ocean, Savannah does not. yield to her in the amount of her exports, and very far exceeds her in the amount of her tonnage. In determining the question, whether the banking capital of this one of our seaports be adequate to her wants il may be useful to look at facts. The amount of the imports and exports of Savannah have been stated. The amount of tonnage to foreign ports engaged in freighting the productions of the last year, is 35.000 tons. That employed coastwise, is 50,000 “ Os square rigged vessels, owned in whole or in part in Savannah, of which eighteen are ships of the largest class, averaging more than five hundred tons, there are S7. Os which the value is 0750,000 besides a number of sloops and schooners. There are three incorporated companies in that city, employed in freighting goods and produce exclusively on Savannah river, owning of Steam boats (three of which are of iron,) 11 —and having approved boats, 44. The stocks of these companies fcr.so ono There are two others running to Macon, whose stock amounts to $200,000 There are five other Steamers running, and one now on the stocks.owned entirely in Savannah, valued at $70,000, and two other iron Steamboats now building to run between Savannah and Macon. In that city are also three steam rice mills, four steam saw mills, and a fifth in the course of erection. These facts- may serve to give some idea of the amount of bank capital necessary for domestic purposes in Savannah, and will man ifest how entirely inadequate to the foreign wants of her merchants, is that which she enjoys. Indeed, the buyers and shippers of produce in Savannah would he frequently deficient in the funds necessary to make their purchases, but for the aid which they derive from the Banks and Trust Company of Au gusta, and some of the still more interior Banks who employ their Savannah funds in the purchase of foreign and domestic ex changes. If these considerations, and others equally obvious, of which time does not permit the detail, are sufficient to manifest the necessity of increasing the banking capital of our sea port, the only remaining enquiry is, in what mode that may be effected. The actual cap ita! of the country is believed, for the most part, to be already in profitable investment, from which it cannot be abstracted to the extent required, without injury to some of the great interests of the community. If this opinion he true, and practical men eon cur in its correctness, that which is required for our present purposes must be in a great degree obtained from abroad. To do this upon cheapest terms, the most undoubted se curity for its re-imbursement must be afford ed. That it is thus interesting to us all is sufficiently obvious. The merchant is but the agent in exchanging our products for the articles which we consume. Whatever fa-1 cilities we afford to that agent, tending to diminish the expense of this operation of ex change, is beneficial to the consumer, in di minishing the prices of the articles of his con sumption. The ex'penses attendant on the! shipment of a cargo of sugar, coffee and j molasses, from the West Indies to New York, or of dry goods, hardware, &e., from Liver pool to the same port, to be thence tranship ped to Savannah or Charleston, the landing, freight, interest, commissions, insurance, pro fits, &c., so far diminish the value of the cot ton'. rice, or lumber, which may he given for j them. South Carolina has already acted I upon this principle. Independently of the ! larger amount of banking capital which she j has granted to her principal seaport, she has 1 with prudent foresight and a just rega- ; to the interests of her people, provided a further increase of it from foreign sources, to the amount of upwards of six millions more. Unless we follow the example, we shall soon see our own produce purchased in our inte rior markets, and transported to Charleston for export to foreign countries; while she will also furnish the supplies for our consump tion. It has already occurred in many in | stances that the merchants of Savannah i ave j exported the produce of the South, exchang ed it ia foreign markets for articles of con ! slant and general consumption at the South,; and have been compelled, for want of such j facilities as a r e afforded elsewhere, to send; thorn to New Yo-k for a market. There are even instances in which the very merchant; of Savannah who had sent the returns of his j produce from fa reign ports to New York for; cnle, has received on consignment some of his own imports, to be sold in nart in Savan nah, and in part to be forwarded to the inte rior of the State. ? ? is too obvious to enquire | in fits case who paid the increases on these .roods here? These considerations, in the; view of the committee, anti orfre an - nest, anpaa.l to the constituted authorities r s Geor- ; gia to interpose for/ the protection of our [merchants and our people, by such an in-j crease of the banking capital of our princi-I ! pal seaport as maybe adequate to the pur- j I poses of ? direct foreign trade. lAc amount lot* banking capital which will be required for i the contemplated purposes will be large, since j the credits which are necessary to the import i trade are much greater than what is requisite lin the exportation of our produce. It can -1 not he stated at less than ten millions, to pro i tect us from the evil under which vve at pre- Isent labor. In illustration of these facts it j may be stated, that even foreigners are driv !en from our ports, by the impossibility of realizing in cash the sales ot their cargoes, j Vessels loaded by foreigners, and entering in I our ports, with instructions to obtain a re ! turn cargo, have been necessarily ordered to other ports, from the incapacity of our banks to afford the facilities necessary to realise their sales, so as to put therq in funds for the pur chase of a return cargo of cur produce. Ist. Resolved, That it be recommended to the Legislature to afford the necessary addi tion of banking capital to the city of Savan nah and in other places requiring additional bank capital, both by the creation of anew bank, with a large capital, and the increase of the capita! and resources of any bank al ready located there, by the introduction o: foreign capital, to be added to it, on such terms, and in such manner, as Ihe Legislature may deem advisable and proper. 2d. Resolved , That this Convention do re commend to the banking institutions located at the commercial points in the State, the necessity of a direct trade with foreign capi talists, with a view to the extension of the ! requisite pecuniary facilities tc cur merchants, ! in a direct trade with foreign countries. 3d. Resolved, That this Convention do re commend to the Legislature the repeal of all such provisions, in the charters of any incor porated companies, as prohibit foreigners from being stockholders in such companies. 4th. Resolved, That this Convention regard as of high importance the successful comple tion of our great system of internal improve ments, and recommend to the Legislature the vigorous prosecution of the Western and At lantic Rail Hoad, and the extension of efficient aid to companies engaged in works of inter nal improvement, which may be deemed by the Legislature of general importance. sth. Resolved, That this Convention re spectfully recommend to the General Assem -1 bly of the State, the enactment of a genera! law, authorizing the formation of Joint Stock Companies for fhe % purpo?e of promoting a direct trade with Foreign countries, with such restrictions and limitations as they may deem advisable. From the Baltimore Republican. An idea of the immense productive wealth of the great valley of tne Mississippi may be formed from the annexed table of articles I shipped down the rivet during the year 1837, which we take from be Memphis Gazette. It is compiled from authentic sources, and the aggregate value of these products is es timated at 020,000,000. . 200,000 bales of cotton, 40,000 hogsheads tobacco, SOO.OOO barrels flour, 150,000 barrels pork, 12,000 hogsheads bacon, ’ 5.000 hogsheads hams, 50.000 cwf. buk pork, 200,000 kegs lanl, 50.000 pieces bagging, 50.000 coils ro.^e, 200,000 barrels corn, 400,000 bushels corn, 10,000 barrels lieef, SOO.OOO pigs lead, 50,000 barrels whiskey, 100,000 barrels eoaf 3.000 bales Buffalo robes, 20.000 (tales hay, 2.000 packs deer skiss, 2,000 L gs shot, 500 bales for, 2,000 ton:; pig iron, 500 casks flaxseed, 400 barrels linseed oil, 600,000 slaves, 25,000 barrels apples, 3,000 barrels corn meal, 500 casks cheese, 2,000 barrels cider, SOO boxes candles, 25,000 barrels oats, 15,000 barrels potatoes. The Legislature has not had sufficient action, as yet, on any of the leading meas ures pending before it, to enable us to express any opinion as to what will ultimately be done. Several important subjects must now he shortly acted upon. Among the number, and those of not the least, importance, are the hills increasing the banking capital providing for, and devising means for the construction of works of internal improvement, establish ing the Court of Errors, and providing for the cal! of a convention to reduce the num ber of members in the Legislature. The following are the only subjects that have been finally acted upon, within the past few days, except such as are noticed in our legislative details. The bill to extend relief to the sufferers by the depredations of the Indians on the bor ders of our State, finally passed the House on Saturday last, bv about, thirty majority. This bill grants a loan through the Central Bank, $120,000, should there be surplus funds, for the term of five years, (or less if the claims of the sufferers shall he settled by the Govern ment at an early period,) at six per cent, in terest on notes, in the usual form, with good security. The hill to increase the banking capital of the Monroe Railroad and Banking Company $170,000, (the amount withdrawn from hank ing purposes and applied to the construction of the road,) was lost in ihe House, where if originated, on Saturday, by apparently a decided majority against the measure. The Joint Select Committee, to whom was referred the memorial from Cass county, im puting sinister motives to the Engineer-in- Chief, in tlie location of the Western and Atlantic Railroad, have made a report, unan imously exculpating him from any censure in the selection of the route for its location. They express the belief, that if all the facts were known by which he has been influenced, he would be fully acquitted by the memorial ists themselves, of any partial conduct, or j want es judgment and discretion, in the dis-! charge of his duties. —Muledgeviile Recorder. The following confidential circular, sent by j Arthur. Tappajt, to ids political friends, the j Whigs of the State of Ne .v*York, just before ; toe i.ite election, was promptly published by iM. M. Noah. So much for Noah’s pretend j ed opposition to Abolition, i Dear Sir —Enclosed you have a list of | the publications by this Society, to which j you will please direct any of our Whig friends j who may desire a knowledge of the truth. ’ I am gratified that our Abolition friends are 1 1 to be found on the Vfrhig side rather than the | LoeoFocos; for the cause of the country! land of humanity ought to go together, j i oz3~lf ice ran rivet ourselves firmly on one o f these parties, we can gain our object. Be care- I fd! - 1 am vours, etc. per Arthur Tappan. Nov. Ist, 1333. B. LEROY. To P. W. West ley, Jr. The Chevalier de INordrn delivered to the Secretary of S ate his credential lexers, as. Charge d’Affaires of the King of Sweden and i Norway, and was subsequently presented in Ids official character to the President.— Globe. Maj. Gen. .Scott. it is said, has again been ordered to the Northern frontier. SENTINEL & HERALD.’ COLUMBUS, NOVEMBER 29, 1533. FUBLtC MEETING, The citizens of Columbus are requested to meet at the Council Chamber, this day, at 4 o’clock P. M., for the purpose of considering the propriety of recommending to the Legis-’ lature the passage of a Free Banking Law. SHALL WE DESPAIR? This is a question which, under the pre- ! sent aspect of affairs, may be most appropri- ! atdv asked, and may be as appropriately answered, by asking another. Have vve been contending for the establishment and main tenance of principles important, in our opin ion, to the perpetuity of our institutions and the happiness of our country? Have we been warring against those of a contrary tendency ? If these questions can be an swered in the affirmative, then our duty to our country, lo our children, and to posterity, forbids that the arm of exertion should be re laxed, or that our zeal or energy, in tiiis great cause, should abate. True it is, that a temporary gloom hangs over our political prospects ; we l.ear the shout of triumph issuing from the camp of our opponents; we see their standard of victory raised. Should this discourage us ? JVb. The cause in which we are engaged is our country’s cause; and in proportion as she is endangered l>y the growth of dangerous doctrines, should our energies and our efforts be increased. We contend for the sacred rights of man ; not in the circumscribed meaning of that word, which makes the few the recipients of all be nefits ; but in its most enlarged and liberal sense, embracing all ranks and conditions of our fellow citizens, from the highest officer in the government to the humblest mechanic or | tiller of the soil. We maintain that ‘ the greatest good of the greatest number’ is the true object of government; and, that, ‘ like the dews of heaven, her blessings should be extended to all, granting exclusive privi leges to none.’ We hold that the blessings and burthens of government should be dis tributed equally, and, in the language of a much esteemed cotcmporary, with whom we honestly differ upon some subjects, but with whom we are happy to agree in this, ‘of the latter as few as possible.’ Our ardent desire is that the people of this country should be governed by its constitutions and its laws, and not by the indomitable influence of wealth and exclusive privileges. That the wealthy should be permitted peacably to en joy their good fortune, protected by the same laws, and subject to the same rules of obedi ence with the poor; and that at the polls, where freemen exercise the glorious right of j self goverement, all ranks and conditions of society should sink, or rather rise, to one broad and common level. If vve beiieve that our doctrines are right, how dare vve abandon their support ? If the sentinel deserts his post in the hour of duty and danger, according to the military code of ali nations, both civilized and barbarous, his punishment is most exemplary and se vere. This is hut a part of that great doc trine of self-defence, onj.iir*'it upon us bv the laws of nature. In what does the duty of t!;s sentinel differ from that of every citizen in a free country? No man should leel that upon him does not depend the welfare of his country. Each individual has duties to per form, from which he cannot shrink without being recreant to his dearest rights and in terest. The man who is wilfully ignorant of! the genius of his government, and his duty as a citizen, or, being advised of his duty, neglects to perform it, i3 guilty of a positive crime. To our friends we would say, despair not. Yield not thus tamely the field in which you have so long and so glorious struggled. No bly stand by your Constitution and your laws, and tire reward will more than compensate for the exertion. ‘ Hang your banner on the outer wall; The cry is, still they come.’ THE RICH AND THE POOR. Since we have assumed the editorial chair, the charge has been repeatedly made against us that we are seeking to array one class of the community against the other, and that the doctrines of the Democratic party, as ad vocated by us, naturally lead to that result. We know that the Democrats are daily charged with Agrarianism , Loco Focoism, Fanny JVrighism, See. Sec.; and we are ca pable . also, we hope, of drawing the line of distinction between argument and coarse Billingsgate abuse. This being the case, and feeling a proud consciousness in the cor rectness of our principles, and feeling equally confident that the application o t'names, how ever taunting and vulgar, cannot change them, we shall continue to pursue the course which we have marked out for our- j self, perfectly regardless of the charges which j may be brought against us. Blit to the charge, that oar doctrines na turally tend to array the poor against the rich. In what manner, we would ask, do they accomplish lhis object, even when car ried out to their fullest extent ? \Ve maintain ! that the persons and property of th< wealthy | 3houid be protected by the same laws which i extend their benefits to the poor; but that they should have no exclusive protection ; that the same benefits offered by the action of government to one class of the community, should be offered to all; that no exclusive i j privileges should be granted, either to the j rich or to the poor ; that the road to honor j | and wealth should be alike open to all; that | the unbiassed suffrage of freemen should | alone control the affairs of this great nation ; 1 and that any attempt to change this order of things, by the influence of monied power, should meet with merited punishment. YV e know well the power anil influence that. wealth gives its possessors; arid whilst we would he the last individual in the worid j to disturb the peaceable and quiet possession and enjoyment of wealth, for all legitimate purposes, we trust that we would be amongst the first to aid in putting down that enor- \ mous political influence which it seeks to ex- j ert over the minds of men. Hence we op- j pose any legislation which confers upon its possessors rights which are denied to others. We do not believe, with Mr. Webster, that the true obiict of government is to prelect tire rich, and that the rich will protect lire poor. , On the contrary, we believe that the true object of Republican government, at least, is j to protect till alike. Neither are vve of those who believe that the only legitimate object ot. Government is the protection of property.] I This is nothing more nor less than tie doc-! ■ trine of Mr. Webster, under anew phraseo logy, for it is manifest if ill's was the case, i that its protection would extend only to the i rich, leaving the poor to their tender mercies. I Make property alone the basis of govern- Iment, and you establish at onee the most | odious aristocracy. Those who achieved jour liberty —those who fight the battles ot j the country —or a very large majority of them —are at once cut off from all share in 1 public affairs. The Batiks in Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee, have announced their deSerniina -1 tion to resume specie payments on the first of ! January ensuing. James F. Trotter, of Mississippi, has re signed his seat as U. S. Senator. From the (Express Slip) Courier and Enquirer. CANADA. New York, Nov. 22. ) Half past 4 o’clock A. M. j We are again indebted to Capt. St. John, of the steamboat Rochester, for the Albany ! papers of yesterday, and also lor the Mon ] treal Courier, of the 19th inst. which heob ; tained from a gentleman who came on in | advance of the mail. i j News had been received at Montreal, that j the frigate Inconstant, in which Lord Dur ,! ham and family embarked for England, in the early part of the month, bad sprung a i leak in consequence of getting aground in go -1 ing down the l iver, and had been compelled , to put into Halifax. Mr. Ellis, M. P. and lady, who recently j escaped from the rebel forces in Lower Cana . da, arrived at Albany yesterday morning. A Court Martial for the trial of the prlson -1 ers now in confinement at Montreal for trea ’ jsonable offences, was constituted on Monday ; last, with Major General Clitherovv as Prcsi , dent. Robert F. Maitland. E?q. bearer of des patches from Sir John Colborne to the British i Government, came down in the Rochester. He goes out in the Great Western. The Montreal Courier of the 19ih istant, contains the official despatch of Col. Dundiis, j who commanded the British troops which attacked the banditti in the wind mill. ‘l ime is not left us to copy it, but the sum and sub stance of it is, that Hie whole of them sur rendered unconditionally. Ogdrnsbukgii, Friday, Nov. 16, 1838. Dear Sir : I hasten to give you the latest news, although such as I have to :elate, at present, is indeed melancholy. The Patriots have until to-day, fairly held their own ; but (his day,at noon, the Cobourg and five other boats brought down 800 regular British troops and some of the heaviest cannon in the Pro vince. These, added to one thousand mili tia, were too much for the Patriots. They were surrounded by land, and the steamboats kept up a murderous fire*from the river.— The Patriots fought nobly, but it was of no use ; they were driven back and scattered. At sunset they held out a flag of truce, which, though displayed three times, the British did not regard ; they had orders to ‘ give no quarter and take no prisoners /’ At this time two of the houses occupied by the Patriots are burning, and the British, regulars are around the Wind Mill, looking on hut not i molested. There is no firing now on either I side. | From all appearances the Patriots are to tally routed and annihilated! It is In rely j pooriiLJo t!mt o rpry !.a v*r* reropo/l, but probably not one will live to tell the tale. The excitement here is tremendous; the | utmost indignation prevails against the Pa i triot officers and leaders. It is a solemn truth | that there was hut one General officer in the action! Had it not been for such cowardly j scoundrels as W , J , B , P , N , and several more such, this result would not have taken place. Their lives are almost threatened by several of our most re spectable citizens, and they may suffer vet for sending innocent and brave men where they dure not go themselves. The battle was most splendid—.about 2000 fighting at a time; the number of killed and wounded it] thisei gagement cannot fall much short of 500. You may imagine how true and faithful the patriots at the .Wind Mill fought, when I tell you that. P K and a few more went to them last night, at the hazard of their lives, to take them off’ of their position, but they refused to leave, sav ing that they were confident their friends would not desert them, and that there were thousands of men in county, bound by their oaths to assist them, and tiujj they would abide the issue. And now they arc all, or nearly all murdered ! Respectfullv. &c. J. M. DOTY. 4 o’clock P M. Mr. Jonah Woodruff has this moment ar rived from Ogdeusburgh, which place be left 3t noon yesterday. He saw one man—a Pole—who escaped, and who supposed him self to he the only one left alive. The Patri ots rushed out, of the Mill at or soon after sunset, with three white flags, hut they were ali speared as th.ey went out. The Mill was then tilled with British troops, and the Pefe who escaped—with two others, who had secreted themselves in the lower part of the Mill, mingled with the British troops, but his two companions were killed; he himself es caped by wearing the coat of Lieut. Johnson, who was killed on Tuesday. The Patriot force in the Mill numbered 1 I 1 men, besides 11 wounded. Ii is supposed that Col. Yon Schultz, a Pole, who commanded the Patriot force, killed himself. From the Journal—Extra. Sackktts Harbor, Nov. 18. The steamboat Oneida, just arrived, brings : the following sad intelligence : On Friday the 15th ins!., the Patriots at | Wind Mi!! Point were attacked by about ! 1000 British on land, and 4 armed stearn | boats—the British planted a heavy battery • within 150 or 200 rods of the Mill, and fired i wi'h such effect that ther balls passed en itireiy through the stone buildings—the fin it | lasted something more than an hour, when : the Patriots surrendered, to the number of j about ninety—the rest 1 aving been killed in 1 the action or taken prisoners previously.— I The prisoners were ali taken to Kingston, j on hoard the armed steamboats. William Johnson was taken yesterday, i about two miles above Ogdensburgh. and is ! now in custody of the L T . S. Marshal, Mr. | Garrovv, on board the steamboat Oneida.— Mr. Birge, the Patriot General, is also in custody of the Marshal—die small steamboat Paul Prv has been seized by the government, and was towed in by.the Oneida. Jtlormnn troubles ended. —By a slio from the office of the St. Louis f unmerciai Bulle tin, of the Sib inst., we have received the I gratifying intelligence of the termination of these distui bances : ‘The Mormons seeing such a large body of men, assembling togeth er, all highly excited, and considering ‘ discre tion the better part of valor,’ surrendered themselves to Gen. Atchison, without even firing a gun. Joe Smith, the prophet, and two or three more of the ringleaders are to be taken to Jefferson city,and the rest (about TOO) are to be marched without the hounds of the S'ate. A number of the volunteer companies were disbanded, and had returned to their respective homes.— South Carolinian. GEORGIA LEGISLATURE. IN SENATE. Tuesday, Nov. 13, 1838. Bill Lost. —To reduce the price of grants to fortunate drawers h, me Land and Gobi Lotteries, and to regulate other fees thereon, and to repeal all laws repugnant to the same. The bill to carry into effect the first sec tion of the third article of the Constitution of this state, organising the Court of Errors, was read a second time. Mr. Cone moved lo commit the bill to Ist June next, which was lost; yeas 23, nays 59, as inflows : Yeas —Messrs. Allen, Baker, Billups, Brown,of Murray, Bryan, Cleveland, Cock run, Cone, Curry, of Washington, foster, irtll, Harris, of Wayne, Knignt, Loveless, 1 Mat ox, Morgan, Polk, Slone, Shaw, Smith, ! of Bryan, Surrency, Swain and Tarver. N.ivs—Messrs.* Alexander, Anderson, At kinson, Baber, ii.oley, Beall, Bivins, Black, I Bust wick, Bradford, Branham, Brown, of Heard, Draue, Dunegan, Echols, Ellington, Fiovd, Gordon, Green, Guess. Hansell, Ha j raison, Harris of'l aiinferto, Harris, of War ren. Hendrick, Iloitnes, Hutchings, Janes, of Greene, Janes, of Lee, Jones, Jourdao, La j mar, Lawson, of Burke, Lawson, of Houston, I Mauldin, McDonald, McFarland, McLen i non, Moseley, Moye, Murphey, Obarr, I’ear i son, Pryor, Robertson, Rutherford, Sagur, i Sayre. Scaborough, Smith, ol Coweta, Smith j of Floyd, Spencer, Springer, Stell, Tilford, Tomlinson, Williamson, Wilson and Wright. Wednesday, Nov. 14. The Senate reconsidered so much of the ] Journal of yesterday as relates to the rejec- I lion of the bill reducing the fees on Grants. Bills introduced and read first time. —By j Mr. Biv ins : To make permanent ihe site of 1 the public buildings in the town of Tazewell, j Marion county. I>v Mr. Tillord: To incorporate the town ! of Lanier. i Bv Mr. Foster: To debar any execution I from binding property, until after a levy is ! made, and for other purposes. By Mr.Camden: To prevent the obstruc tions to the free passage of fish, and the na vigation of the Coosa l iver. By Mr. Brvan : A bill, amendatory of an act. to make permanent the site of the public ! buildings in the town of Lumpkin. By Mr. Jones: To change the mode of I electing Judges and Attorney and Solictor ; Generals, and Generals of Militia in this ] state. Mr. Bivins called up the resolution request lirig the Governor to forward*JF&4he Clerk of ! Marion county . 16 copies ot (Lmon & Lurr.p- I kin’s Georgia Justice, read and agreed to. Thursday. Nov. 15. Mr. Surrency, Chairman of Ihe Committee to which was referred the petition of sundry citizens of Lumpkin county, praying that cer tain individuals, decendants of Cherokecs, should be granted citizenship, reported that Ihey cannot report in their favor. Your Committee, not knowing the names or cha racter of the individuals, beg leave to be ex cused from any further consideration of the motion. house of representatives. Monday, Nov. 12. 1838. Bills introduced and read first time. —By i Mr. Ball: To exempt the Justices of the In | lerior Court of the several counties in this [state, from working on roads. The remainder of the day was consumed j in elections. ; 11. W. Owens (U.) was elected Solicitor : General for the Eastern Circuit. ! N. P. Foster (S. R.) was elected Solicitor i General for theOcmulgee Circuit. ’ John Henry Lumpkin (V.) was elected ] Solicitor General for the Cherokee Circuit. ! R. M. Orme (S. If.) was elected State Print nl 5 C'Jl l IIXZ ctl jrvor * IS iCK Tuesday. Nov. 13. Bills introduced end read first time. —By Mr. Rockwell: A bill to regulate the settle ments between the banking institutions of tiffs stale, and to define the liabilities of stockhold ers who shall transffir their interest. By Mr. Ball: To appropriate money for the relief of invalid soklieVs, wounded in the late war with the Crcrk Indians. By Mr. Patterson: To alter and amend the fourth article and ‘second section of the Constitution. By Mr. Stephens : To regulate proceed ings in the several Courts of ibis state, where free negroes and persons of color are con cerned. Wedxesd •. v, Nov. If. Bills introduced and read first time. —By Mr. Pryor : To change the time of holding the Superior and Infer .or Courts in the Chat tahoochee Circuit. By Mr, Kelly, of Houston : To regulate the mode of recoveries of debts and liabili ties, against monied incorporations in this state, and against the respective stockhold ers thereof, and to prevent such corporations from doing any business in exchange, during a suspension of specie payments, by such corporations. By Mr. Howard : To set apart all the funds of the Central Bank for the general purpose of Internal Improvement, with cer tain exceptions. * From Iho Albany Argus. TO THE DEMOCRACY OF NEW YORK, i The general result of the recent election in ■ this State is now before the American people. , That it will astonish all men of al! parlies, we ido not doubt. That it will grieve and disap point the sincere friends of tine Democracy ! every where, we should be sorry to doubt. ; But that it will prostrate them in spirit, or wiil induce them to doubt the reflecting in -1 tegrity of the people, or diminish tlieir efforts | for the promotion of sound principles and the Democratic cause, we wiil not believe. If .an” thing can arouse them to renewed, re doubled exertion, and to higher devotion in i the maintenance of their political faith, it will | be the means by which this result lias been j brought about. This is the first eleeiion in which money | has been thrown directly into the counties land into particular districts to corrupt and control the franchise. The wages ©f iniquity pain to Webb and Nonh, and other Federal leaders, by tire Bank of the United States, was the first direct attempt to corrupt the press in this country. It is meet that the money power, which sought, through such means, to control the sources of public infor mation and political intelligence, should he the supreme obj-ct of idolatry bv the party which has now triumphed in tins State by similar means of corruption. Acting upon the Federal maxim, toat ‘if the appeals that may be made to the virtue, morality and intelligence of the prop'e can not prevail. MON El C \N BE USED, and that will obtain votes and favor where ad other arts and appliances are found abortive,’ these partisans had orovKed a larger fund— a CORRUPTION FUND—it is confidently believed amounting to many hundred thou sands of dollars —that from this fund, money was profusely distributed to leading parti sans in each county, and often in every town j <f a county —that it was employed, unhesita tingly. by instruments selected for that pur pose, first to purchase the services of one or two active ek ‘tioneerers in each town or : school district, previously professed Republi cans’, either to take open ground for their employers, or by stealth to deceive Republi cans, by giving out at the polls the Federal tickets, under the guise of friends of the 1 Administration. This infamous deception has been practised in several instances; W e .have the particulars before us, and shall in good time give names and places to the world. It is only necessary now to include