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COLUMBUS SENTINEL AND HERALD. VOL. VIII.] PtTBEfSHED EVERY THURSDAY MORNISG BY J. H. CAMPBELL & J. H. WILSON, ON BROAD STREET, OVER ALLEN AND VOUNO’s, M’INTOSH ROW, TERMS—Subscription, three dollars per an nutn, payable in advance, or four dollars, (in all cases ex icied) where payment is not ma le before the expiration of the year. No subscription received fir less than twelve months, without payment madvance arid no paper discontinued, except at the option of the Editors, until all arrearages arc paid. ADVERTISEMENTS conspicuously inserted at ess dollar per one hundred words, or less, for the Hrst insertion, and fifty cents for every subse quent continuance. Those sent without a specifica tion of tho number of insertions, will be published until ord ired out, and charged accordingly. 2d. Yearly advertisements —For over 24, and not exceeding 36 lines, fifty dollars per annum ‘; fjr ovr 12, and not exceeding 24 lines, thirty-five dollars per annum ; for less than 12 lines, twenty dollars per annum. sd. All rule and figure work double the above prices. L-ec.al Advertisements published at the usual rates, and with strict attention to the requisitions of _ the law. All Sales regulated by law, must he made before the Court House door, between the hours of 10 in the nVirnitig and 4 in the evening—those of Land in the county where it is situate ; those of Personal Property, where the letter* testamentary, of admin istration or of guardianship were obtained—and are required to be previously advertised in some public Gazette, as follows: Sheriffs’ Sales under regular executions for thir ty days, under mortgage fi fas sixty days, before the day of sale. SI.A-les of Land and Negroes, by Executors, Ad ministrators or Guardians, for sixty days before tlhe day of sale. Sales of Personal Property (except Negroes) forty DAYS. Citations by Clerks of the Courts of Ordinary, upon application for letters of administration, must be published for thirty days. Citations upon application for dismission, by Executors, Administrators or Guardians, monthly for six months. Orders of Courts of Ordinary, (accompanied with a copy of the bond or agreement) to mike titles to land, muit be published three months. Notices by Executors, Administrators or Guardians, of application to the Court of Ordinary for leave TO sell the Land or Negroes of an Estate four Months. Notices by Executors or Administrators, to the Debt ors and Creditors at an Estate, for six weeks. Shf.htffs, Clerks of Court, &c., will be allowed the usual deduction. (ILetters on business, must be post paid, to entitle them to attention. The following persons have kindly consented to act as Agents for the Sentinel and Herald : Col. C. Parker, Collodensville Monroe county. Pf.ter Gonc, Esq., Eden, Effingham county. Rev. Reuben E. Brown, Perry P. (J. Houstonco. Tiios. H Key, Esq., Drayton, Dooly county. Col. Tuns. J. Holmes, Concord, Baker co. Stepf.n D. Crane. Esq.. Dahlonoga,Lumpkin co. Col. John Dill. Port Gaines, Ga. John C. M \noham, Greenville, Ga. E. J. Wood & Cos , St. Joseph, Flor. Noursf., Brooks & Cos., Apalachicola. J. S. Yarbrough, Lumpki i, Stewart county. Jas. Buchanan, Cuthh rt, Randolph county. J. W. Bach elder, La Fayette, Chambers co. Ala. Ch arles Murphey, Decatur, DeKalb county. AVAHE HOUSE AYd commission business. THE undersigned takes leave to inform his friends and the puolic generally, that he will continue the Ware-House cud Commission Business, to which his atention will be exclusively confined ; and by strict attention thereto he hopes to merit a continuance of iiatronage which has been so liberally bestowed upon him. lie will attend to the sale of Cotton from wa ll >ns or in store, and from a general acquaintance with the purchasers, and true situation of tho market, he be lieves that he can, generally, more than save the com mission in the sale of Cotton. Liberal advances will he made on produce or mer chandise in store. WM, P. YONGE. Columbus. Sept. IS, 1833. 33y ALABAMA LANDS FOR SALE. N. half 9 14 30 S. half 4 14 30 N. half 8 14 30 N. half 7 14 30 K. half 7 14 30 . S. half 6 14 30 S. half 11 14 29 S. half 20 IS 28 S. half 34 19 28 N. half 36 19 29 S. half 36 19 29 Wthair ‘29 IS 26 N “liltlf : 6 .16 v 3(£ E. half* • ‘•■2l • 22 26 K.’ half • ••22 IS 2S N. half 33 20 26 S. half 32 13 23 W. half 26 15 24 S. half 29 16 25 E. half 2 18 25 Any of the above lands will be sold on terms to suit j purchasers, by application to John D. Pitts, Esq. Flo rence, Ga. or the subscriber, at Macon. July 26. 26tf J. COWLES. PLANTATION AND LANDS FOR SaLE. THE subscriber oilers for sale his Plantation on the Uchee creek, near San t Fort, in Russell county, Ala.,consisting of 1120 acres,the greater part of which is first rate lime lands, 200 acres under a good fence and in a fair state of cultivation. There is a small never-failing stream of water running through it; also a good spring near the centre of the improved lands, and good dwellings and all necessary out build ings. A * tin House and Screw are now being erect ed on the premises. Persons wishing to purchase would do well to call. Also 3 or 4000 acres of first rate lands, on the Cow s’iccreek, in Barbour, neur the line of Russell. JNO. CROWELL, Jr. August 27,1838. 30tt VALUABLE PLANTATION FOB SALE, THE subscriber offers for sale, on easy terras, the following rich and valuable PLAN FA 1 in Stewart county, to wit : In the “24 b ot Stewart, 6 miies east of Lumpkin, conta ning 1,700 acres, 1,000 of which are cleared and in fust rate or der, and all the open land fresh. The village to which this plantation is contiguous, is pleasant and remarkably healthful, affording gond society, and excellent water, and Female Schools, &e. The surrounding country is also pleasant, and settled by intelligent and worthy people. Corn, Fod der, and Stock of every kind, may be had on the Plan tation. Terms easy. Apply to the proprietor in Co lumbus, or to John D. Pitt's, of Florence, Stewart county, Ga. WILLY E. JONES. Nov 8,1838. . 40if VALUABLE PLANTATION FOR SALE, CONTAINING Two Hundred Two and a Had’ Acres of Land,mixed with oak and pine. There are eighty acres cleared. Also, a comfortable dwel ling, with all necessary out offices, a good gin house and’packinsr screw, a peach and apple orchard. The entire under good fence. It is situated within 4 miles of Columbus, joining the plantation formerly owned by Thomas C. Evans, Esq. Persons wishing to pur chase cannot find a more desirable location than the one offered for sale by the subscribers. JOHN CODE, Dec. 6. 44tf JOHN Q.UIN. - , CARRIAGE SHOP. BT’iiaa & Pixis.isrt. •'fhrtethorpe Street, Xorth of Calhoun's Hotel, H.-viVE [list received anew assortment of good j (7yAß.lt l AGES selected from some cf the'best j manufactories at the North. They having taken par ticular ijiains to have them made to suit this country, and to ilnsure satisfaction to purchasers, they will war rant th'em for one vear with fair usage. All kuid of Carriages made to order. Carriage and Harness’ re pairing; done in very neat style by good Northern work men. Also, a good assortment of Carriage materials, all of which they will sell low for cash or approved paper. Feb. 16. 7y NEW SPRING GOODS. THE subscriber has just received, a fresh supply of FANCY AND STAPLE DRY GOODS, of the latest fashi >ns and importations. READY MADE CLOTHING. HATS, BON NETS AND SHOES. He would invite his customers and the public generally tocall and examine his stock before pur chasing elsewhere. as they no doubt will be suit ed with the quality and price. He is determined to sell low for cash. Country merchants will be supplied atredueed prices. NEILL McNAIIi* May 21,-7-tf LAW NOTICE. THE subscriber has resumed the practice of the LAW at Columbus, Ga. He will be prepared to make advances on Notes placed in his hands for collection, provided the parties an unquestionabiv sol vent, art! the terms can be agreed upon. His office is on Broad street, directly over the Planters’ and Me chanics’ Bank. S. ARAISTRCNG BAILEY . May 23d, 1838. COLUMBUS WHOLESALE AND RETAIL SAD£L£SRY WARE-HOUSE, At the sign of the Golden Saddle, a few doors be low D. Hungerford & Co’s, and nearly opposite Ujquhart & Ware. \V. WADE R CO. HAVE now on hand a complete assortment of articles appertaining to their line of basiness : AMONG WHICH ARE Spanish, Quilted, Overlaid and Shafted Saddles, Plain, Boys’, Race, Attakapas, and Pianters’do. Large and Extra Large do Ladies’ Saddles, of every quality and size, BRIDLES OF ALL KINDS. Some good for fifty cents; Saddle Bags, Carpet Bags; Valices; Stirrup Leathers; Sircingles and Girths. HARNESS—Coach. Gig, and Dearborn, from the cheapest to the best. TRUNKS, of every descrip tion. The above articles are of their own manufacture, made under their own immediate inspection, of the best materials, and by superior workmen. Also, on hand, ENGLISH SADDLES, BRIDLES AND MARTINGALES. Coach. Gig, Tandem, Sportsmen, and Wa-.’gon Whips; Stirrups, Bits, Spurs, Buckles, Haines, Col lars, Out Tacks, Trunk Locks, Horse Brushes and Curry Combs, Trace and Halter Chains. ALSO—A good assortment of Coach and Gig Har ness Trimmings; Plated, Brass and Japan’d do. ALSCV-A good assortment ot Skirlin®, Harness, and Bridle Leather ; black, blue, red, yellow, grcon. i and cochineal Morocco Skins; Buffalo Robes and Bear Skins. N. B. Traders who may buy to sell again, will be furnished on as good terms as can be bought either in New York or Newark. Country merchants are re spectfully invited to call and examine our goods and prices, and satisfy themselves. CT 13 REPAIRING done on the most reasonable terms. April 29. 1837 31 y CABINET AND UPHOLSTERY WARE HOUSE. COT'TZSI.TTIAN Sc ATtfOEHSOStf MOST respectfully inform the citizens of Colum bus, and its vicinity that they have removed from their former stand, to the store lately occupied by McArn, in Broad-street, nearly opposite the Insurance Bank. They have now on hand an elegant assortment of SURNITURE of their own manufacture. —ALSO— Paper Hangings of the latest patterns with suitp.ble Bordering, Ornaments, and other materials for Cur tains, &c. Adverse to puffing, they would only solicit a call which would enable Ladies and Gentlemen to judge for themselves by examining the articles. All orders will he executed with promptitude. Cur tains put up in the most fashionable style. Rooms neatly papered. In short, any thing in their line will he punctually attended to. Aug. 25. 36y JOHN E. BACON & Cos. AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF THE INDIAN’S PANACEA, 31T1” AVE just received a fresh supply ol this valuable fli Si. remedy for the cure of Rheumatism, Scrofula dr King’s Evil, Gout, Sciatica or Hip Gout, Incipient Cancers, Salt Rheum, Siphiiitic and Mercurial dis eases,particularly Ulcers and painful affections of the bones. Ulcerated Throat and Nostrils, Ulcers of every description, Fever Sores, and Internal Abscess es, Fistulas, Piles, Scald Head, Scurvy, Biles, Chro nic Sore Eyes, Erysipelis Blotches, and every variety of Cutaneous Affection, Chronic Catarrh, Headaci.e, proceeding from vitiation; Affections of the Liver; Chronic ioilammation ofthe Kidneys and General De bility, caused by a torpid action of the vessels of the skin. It..is singularly efficacious in renovating those constitutions which have been broken down by injudi cious treatment, or juveniie irregularities. In general terms, it is recommended in all those diseases which arise from impurities of the blood, or vitiation of the humors, of whatever name or kind. Some of the above complaints may require some assistant applications, which the circumstances of the case will dictate ; but for a general remedy or Purifi calor to remove the cause, The Indian’s Panacea will generally be found sufficient. The following certificates, out of hundreds similar which rn%bi Be procured, are given to show the effect of the Indian’s Panacea, in the various comulaints therein mentioned ; and also to exniDil in die most sa tisfactory manner its superiority over the syrups in common use. Charleston, Nov. 15, 1831. During the last winter and spring, I was afflicted with a very severe and distressing Rheumatism, occa sioned by exposure in bad weather. I now take great pleasure in slating, that six bottles of Indian Pana cea, restored me !o perfect health, and I confidently recommend it to all similarly afflicted. JOHN FERGUSON, King st. Charleston, July 12,1831. I was afflicted four years with an ulcer in the leg, occasionally accompanied with erysipelatious inflarna .tion and an excessive pain in the leg and ancle joint. Several eminent Physicians exerted their skill upon it, hut without permanent benefit. In this case, five bot tles of the Indian Panacea made a perfect cure. MARGARET A. WEST, Market st. 121. July sth, rS37. 51-y HAMPTON COURSE-SWEEP STAKES AS it is, and has been, usual of late years, with the proprietors of the different Race Tracks of our country, to advertise their Stakes,and, in my opin ion. they close at too early a period, to give the own ers of colts a fair opportunity of testing their racing qualities, I communicate, therefore, to the sporting world, my present plan, rules and terms. There Will be kept open stakes for two and three year olds, to be run for every successi e year, and not to be closed until one month previous to the race Declaration fifieeu days before the coming off of the race. Stakes of one thousand dollars entrance, will be two mite heats. Forfeit, $590 ; declaration, §IOO. Three entries to form a stake. Stakes of five hundred dollars entrance will he mile heats. Forfeit, §250; declaration, $75. Three en tries to constitute a slake. Dashes of two or one mile, to suit the convenience of parties, (hat is, the amount to be run for. Persons wishing to make their entries, will please direct their letters to the subscriber, acting proprietor of the Hampton Course, or to Capt. Wm. G. Nimmo, Secretary of the Hampton Jockey Club. Augusta, Ga. Sept. 27, 1833. 35m6m F. W. LACY. STAGE LINE FROM COLUMBUS TO WEST POINT. THE public are informed that a line of STAGES has beeti put on the route from Columbus to West Point via Whitesville, leaving Whiteside’s j Tavern every Monday and Friday at 4 o’clock A. M., | and arriving at West Point the same day ‘at 5 o'clock P. M. ; leaving West Point eve v Tuesday, Thursday j and Saturday at 4 o’clock A. M., and arriving at Co i lumbus at 5 o’clock P. M. the same dav. WHITESIDE & DUNCAN. May 28. 1838. 17tf i N. B. A Hack will be in readiness at West Point | to convey passengers to La Grange or Lafavette. PACKETS FROM ST. JOSEPH TO NEW YORK. THE following substantial and fast sailing vessels will run as regular Packets between St. Joseph and New York, and will take freight and passengers low. Brig II \RTI EY, Ryder, master. “ CUMBERLAND, Darling, master. “ SADI, V incent, “ Also, the new and splendid ship SPRING. For Freight or Passage apply to E. J. WOOD & CO. Agents, St. Joseph. Flor. Nov. 1, 1837 24 v GROCERIES. 1 BBLS old Rectified Whiskey J. <tP ‘JF 30 bbis. Monongahela do 20 bbis. N. E. Rum 25 do Gin ‘2O do Peach Brandy 50 do 30 bags Coffee 25 boxes Tobacco 100 pieces Dundee Bagging, for sale bv ALLEN & Y'OUNG, Sent. 12. IS3B. 32tf No. I Ylelntosh row. YOMGE &. ELLIS CONTINUE to receive ami offer for sale all kinds ofStaple and fancy Dry Goods, Boots, Shoes, Hats,Saddlery, Hardware, &c. together with a good supply of Groceries,ail of which will be sold on the most favorable terms . Feb. Ist. IS3S. 52y dTgOLSTEINE is CO., COMMISSION AND FORWARDING MERCHANTS, APALACHICOLA, FLORIDA, Will advance on Cotton shipped to Havre, Liverpool and New York. 1). Golsteixe, H. D. Darden. Apalachicola, Oct. 25. SStf 7 BBLS. picketed SHF.F.P HEAD. 20 boxes fine Scotch Herring, 4 bbis. Cranberries, 20,000 best Spanish Cigars, Just received and for sale bv Feb. 1,1833. 52tf Y'ONGE & ELLIS. A 4 BBLS Newark Cider, jmi 10 boxes fresh Lemons, just received, and for sale bv March 15. 6tf YONGE & ELLIS. ‘ WE HOLD THESE TRUTHS TO BE SELF-EVIDENT, THAT ALL MEN ARE BORN EQUAL.’ COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, THURSDAY MORNING, JANUARY 17, 1839. NEW AUCTION AND COMMISSION HOUSE. THE undersigned will open a house in the above business, on Broad street, at the old stand of J. T. NILES & Cos., on the 22d OCTOBER. All business entrusted to their care will meet with prompt attention. They will attend to the buying of Cotton ; also to the receiving and forwarding Goods BENJAMIN B. MORRELL, WALTER S. C. YONGE. REFERENCES. George Whitman, N. Orleans. Stewart & Cobb, do James M. Yarlton, Mobile. Stanton & Pollard, do Cummings & Spiker, Montgomery. McKenzie & Adams, do S. M. Robinson, do Benj. Wilson, do J. W. S. Read, do J. S. Calhoun, Columbus. Wm. P. Yonge, do J. T. Niles, do E. & F. Bradley, do Columbus, Oct. 17, 1838. 37if COLUMBUS COTTON FACTORY. THE owners of the Columbus Factory respect fully inform the public that it is now in operation. They have on hand a general assortment of YARNS, which may be had at all times at the most reduced prices. Their Wool Carding Machine is also in operation, and any thing in that line will be done at the shortest notice. f. J l3 A number of boys and girls wanted to work at the Factory, for which the most liberal priees will be given by the week or month. Apply to STEWART & FONTAINE, or S. K. HODGES & CO. Columbus, Feb. 8 6tf HOUSE AND SIGN PAINTING. THE subscriber respectfully informs the public generally, that lie is ready to execute all orders in the above line of business, in the neatest manner and on the most reasonable terms. He has also for sale, a splendid assortment of window sashes, of vari ous sizes, made of the best materials, which are far.su perior to any offered for sale in a Southern market. His shop is one door below Kivlin’s Sans Souci. June 28 21 y STATES LEWIS. DUS. HOLT AND PERSONS ARE united in the practice of Medicine Their Offices are on Broad street, just below the City Hall, and on Randolph street, in the upper tenement of Calhoun's Granite Building. Besides the usual branches ofthe practice of Medi cine, Drs. H. and P. tender their services as Surgeons of some experience in the higher operations—such as operations for all diseases of the eyes, for Hernia, Li thotomy, &c, &c v Maroh 23. 12v READY MADE CLOTHING, CHEAP FOR CASH, Next door to the Bank of Columbus. JS. SMITH lias commenced receiving his • Stock of Ready Made Clothing, consisting of Over Coats, Cloth Cloaks, Boston Wrappers. Blanket Coats. Frock and Dress Coats, of every description. Blue. Black. Cadet mixed Cloth Pants, Cassimere do. Kentucky Jeans Frock and Dress Coats, do. Pants ; Black and figured Silk Velvet Vests; Woolen Vel vets; Plain and figured Satins; Cloth & Cassimere, to gether with some low priced ; a beautiful style of Silk and Cotton Umbrellas; Fine Boots, Shoes and Pumps; Silk, Woollen and Colton Shirts and Drawers; Cot ton Shirts with Uinen Bosoms and Collars; Colored do.; Linen Ruffled Silk, Cotton, and Merino hail Hose; Gloves; Suspenders; Linen Collars and Bosoms; Stoc sos every variety; Cloth and Hair Brushes; Cologne; Fur and Seal Caps; Hats; Travelling Trunks and Bags, &c. The above articles have just been received, and will be sold as low as they can be had for cash in this mar ket. Columbus, Nov. 29. 43tf RACES. THE annual Races over the Bertrand Course, Montgomery, Alabama, will commence on the 22d of January. 1839. The following Purses will be run for: First day—l mile heats—purse - - S3OO Second day—2 mile heats—purse - - 500 Third day—3 mile heats—purse - - 700 Fourth day—4 Four mile heats—purse - 1000 The purse of each day’s running will be hung up at the stand on the day of running. TAYLOR & BROWN, Proprietors. Nov. 22, 1838. 42td 680 ACRES OF LAND FOR SALE. THE subscriber having determined to settle in Macon, Ga. will sell his lands in Russell county, Alabama, (containing six hundred and eighty acres, but will sell one half of the land to suit purchasers,) ten miles from Columbus, between the big and little Uchee creeks. On the land is a comfortable dwelling house and out houses, and good stables, &c. with up wards of one hundred acres in cultivation, with good water and several springs. Also is- situated in a, neighborhood of good society, and within one mile of a good school and church. Possession will be given at I anytime after the first, of October.. The purchaser will have the privilege ot ourchasing all my stock of cattle and hogs, also corn am! fodder, and many things of convenience, all of which 1 will sell at a reasonable price. Indulgence will be given to suit the purchasers. STERLING LANIER. Reference: Dr. Pleasant Phillips, Russell co. Russel co., Sep. 6, 1838. 31tf IMPORTANT NOTICE. FOR THE AFFLICTED THERE IS A BALM IN GILEAD. TIIE citizens of Zebulon, in Pike county, are hereby notified, that Mr. H. G. JOHNSON, of that, place, is the authorised agent for selling BRAN DRETH’S VEGETABLE UNIVERSAL PILLS, and has his CERTIFICATE of Agency and a fresh supply of the Pills from the General Agency in Columbus. And they are further cautioned against purchasing Pills, for BRANDRETH’S PILLS, of Mr. John Neal, of that place, as he is offering for sale the basest counterfeits. Purchase only of the known and autho lised Agents, and you are on the sure side. AND YET ANOTHER. The citizens of Monlicelio, in Jasper county, are hereby notified, that Messrs. KELLUM & MAX EY T of that place, are the authorised Agents for the sale ofthe BRANDRETH VEGETABLE UNI VERSAL P LL’S. and have their CERTIFI CATE of Agency, and a fresh supply of the GENU INE PILLS from the General Agency in Columbus. And lest any among them, who wish to purchase the genuine medicine, should be deceived by the counter feit at the peril of their health, and perhaps their lives, I would give them timely caution not to purchase Pills of Messrs. Hurd & Hangerford. who it seems are of fering spurious Pills on Dr. Brandreth’s credit.— Touch not the unclean thing. JOHN B. PEABODY r , General Agent for Georgia, Alabama and Florida. Columbus, May 14. 15tf NOTICE. THE CONFECTIONARY business heretofore carried on by Code & Quin, will hereafter be continued at the old stand on Broad street, by Columbus. Aug. 22. 29tf JOHN QUIN. LAW. THE subscribers having connected themselves in the practice of LAW, will attend all the County Courts of the Chattahoochee Circuit, and the adjoining counties of Alabama. Office in Mclntosh Row. immediately over Allen & Young’s Store. ALFRED IVERSON, June 14. 19tf J- M. GUERRY . LAW. THE undersigned, having associated themselves together for the practice of LAW, at Lumpkin, Stewart county, will promptly attend to all business with which they may be entrusted. A. M. HUGHES. U. S. MITCHELL. Lumpkin. Oct. 10. 183S. 37m6m STRAYED OR STOLEN, ABOUT the 10th May last, a large bay HORSE, long tail, rather sway back, racks easy but short, a few marks of the saddle and harness. Information or delivery of the horse thankfully received and libe rally rewarded. YONGE & ELLIS. Juue 7. 18if JUST RECEIVED me /"v BARRELS first quality RUM, and for sale low bv MAI. R. JONES. Columbus, Nov. 15, 1838. 41 ts WANT :d, AHEALTHY” WET NURSE, for which a liberal pfice will be given. July 10. 2Stf S. M. JACKSON. PETIT GULP COTTON SEED, AT reduced prices, warranted genuine, and for sale by YONGE & ELLIS. March 15. 6tf a /x TONS IRON, assorted, 2Z A? 200 casks Nails, just r ceived and for sale by W.M. & JAS. BLAIR, Broad street. Columbus, May 9. 14tf RECTIFED YY'HISKEY’, just re Ov ceived and for sale bv Aug. 22. 29tf S, M. JACKSON. From the Democratic Review, of November. THE CREDIT SYSTEM.* Among (he phrases which within a year or two past have l>een resounded through the community by partisan zeal, lor the purpose ot disturbing the reflection and judgment of our fellow citizens, none perhaps lias been the subject of so much senseless declamation as that at the head of the piesent article. If reliance is to be placed upon the evidence furnished by newspaper paragraphs, dinner orations, at.d Congress speeches, ‘ the Credit System,’ is the veritable horn of plenty from which all the bounties bestowed upon our fa - vored land have been poured Ibrth. The ex tent and fertility of our territory—the variety and value of its staple produclions—the in domitable energy of our citizens and the habits of industry and thrift so widely diffus ed among them—the security furnished by our system of self-government against impro per restraints upon individual enterprise—and the protection for the acquisitions of diligence and economy, guaranteed by the Constitution of the United St ates in its uolden ppfwinion that nothing but a sound ami equal currency shall ever be made a legal tender for the payment of debts-—these are all nothing com pared with the Credit System in promoting the prosperity of the country. The phrase in question denotes something wholly distinct from that mutual confidence and good faith among men, which are the most essential elements of the prosperity and happiness of all communities. These funda mentals of well ordered society require to be preserved equally from violent outrage and fraudulent cupidity. The principal object fir surrendering a portion of our natural libertv, and submitting lo the restraints of any firm of Government, is to a fiord this proteciion by placing every individual, however differ ent with regard to sirength, cunnirg, talent, and wealth, equally under the-broad oegi3 of the law. But is the artificial policy, dignified with the name of the ‘Credit System’as organ ized in England, and for w’iiich such omnip otent control over tl'ie right and privileges-of every class of citizens has beer claimed in this country, intended to promote this securi ty ? Not at all. On tlie other its direct tendency is to subvert that equality of rights which is ts e foundation of our forms “of Go vernment—lo sacrifice the physical comfort and the moral vveifareof the many, upon the altar of Mammon for the advantage of the few—to bestow inordinate power upon the mere shadow of wealth at the expense of permanent general prosperity—to invest com binations of irresponsible individuals with the monopoly of an artificial measure f value, by which arbitrary control over the subsis tence of all other classes is conferred upon them, and they are enabled to modify, per vert, and break down, with impunity, all laws which interfere with their cupidily. By means of secret and concerted arrangements, these soulless combinations are able to practice acts of injustice, vitally affecting the most impor tant interests of those who are unable to re sist their power, which no individual could venture to perpetrate without becoming ob noxious to the penal laws. Hence the mani fold advantages of capital loaned upon credit for the encouragement of industry and enter prise, are diminished by the increase of risk. fliePrel\ecisTipen^.fie'bo I mtmtni?y—tVie’loan ol mere credit and the loan of actual capital— the modern ‘ Credit System,’ has deeply im paired integrity and good faith, and nearly destroyed mercantile stability. The publication which has more immedi ately drawn our attention to this subject at the present time, is obviously a piece justifi catif to the famous letter of Mr. Nicholas Biddle, addressed through the public news papers to Ex-President Adams, on th<s fifth of April last. That notable document spoke for itself in- .terms, so explicit as to require neither comment nor explanation. All the discreet supporters of the Bank of the United States in every section of the Union were struck with dismay at its promulgation — while the people at large, rejoiced that the Coryphaeus of the ‘ Credit System’ in this country, had east aside the tricks, pretences, and newspaper puffery, under which its man agement had been previously veiled, and pre sented its do!icy boldly before the world as an antagonist power to the principles of Go vernment, established by the Constitution of the United States. Every feeling of indig nation which the insolence of the language was calculated to excite, was smothered by the ludicrous spectacle preserved by an as piring; clerk employed by a few capitalists abroad, and speculators at home, strutting forth from behind his desk with his pen be hind his ear, and dictating to the Legislature of the Siate of New York, and to the people of the Union at large, in such a pompous style of military grandiloquence. No great period of time had elapsed, before it was dis covered that this flourish of belligerent phras es, concluding with the delicate parallel between the position of Mr. Biddle himself— posted in his broker’soffice,contrivingschemes politically subversive of the best interests of the community, in order to bring profit to his employers, and odium on the Government— and that of the patriot Jackson before New Orleans fighting the embatlled enemies of his country —was a sad blunder. His doctrines on the currency were found also, on exami nation by some of his friends, to be so much at variance with all honesty and fair dealing, as to threaten more injury to the ‘ Credit System’ than the most powerful attack upon it from whatever quarter. Under these cir cumstances thq,publication in question was made bv Mr. Carey for the evident purpose ot’ justifying and expounding the leading views of this unfortunate letter. By whom its principal materials were furnished,or under whose direction they were strung together, cannot concern the public in the slightest de gree. In offering to the consideration of our readers some general views upon the ‘ Credit Sv stem’ we do not propose to follow the de tails of Mr. Carey’s book. The character of his facts, a great portion of which appear to have been made to order, will be seen by the samples we shall furnish in the sequel. ‘l'iie credit system of England, of which our own is an humble attempt at imitation, is regarded by many as the most beneficial in vention of modern times. The unalloyed advantages derived from its operation in the extent of her commerce and manufactures, the vast wealth of many of her great propri etors and capitaliis, are continually held forth to our admiration. Many active and influ ential individuals, from view’s that are not difficult of comprehension, are constantly insisting before the American people, that the highest welfare of the community at large will be promoted, by extending this system greatlv beyond the* principles which have been adopted bv England. This sentiment appears to be tile staoie of the pubfeation in question, as well as of the document to which it is evidently a subsidiary. Like most imitators, these advocates ofthe English system seem to be more deeply enam oured with faults and defects, become incura- *The r.redit system of France. Great Britain, and the United States. Bv H. C. Carev, author of ihe Principles of Political Economy. Philadelphia, 1838. ble hv the course of events, than with any ol its real advantages. Because England, dur ing the long and bloody wars of the French revolution, legalized the suspension of specie payments, this country according to these high authorities, ought to have pursued the same, course in a period of profound peace and universal commercial intercourse, for the purpose of enabling a fevv*gamblers on a large scale, to realize their unrighteous profits— and alter the suspension had been effected, to continue it longer than otherwise would have been done, by their profligate management. Contracts which have been entered into under the faith and confidence that they would be fairly liquidated, were discharged by a depre ciated medium, worth in the market from one-tenth to one-fourth part of the currency in view of which they had been made, hv which all calculation, foresight, and economy on the part of the community at large, were frustrated through the overpowering influence ol the banks. The plentifulness of paper currency, and the facility of obtaining accom modations trau it-a to vast numbers of im provident engagements. Asuddencontraciion ol issues rendered it impossible to fulfil them. The misfortunes and consequent distress of thousands upon thousands of meritorious in dividuals, whose property and means of live lihood, had been suddenly swept away by these flagitious expansions and contractions ol the currency, issued and controlled by the banks, were flippantly ascribed to the hostility of the Government! The results of the experiment of the English government upon ttie prosperity of her people, were of course, kept out of view. What they were, one of her most enlightened and distinguished statesmen, has informed us. In 1828, Mr. Huskisson stated in the House of Commons in the debate on the national debt bill, that ‘ the hank restriction of 1797, which had continued for a quarter of a century, had produced more calamitous consequences— more confusion—more moral and political evils, than any other measure Parliament had ever sanctioned.’ In this opinion, the Chan cellor of the Exchequer, of that time, Mr. Goulborn, who entertained different views from those of Mr. Huskisson on most ques tions of general policy, immediately express ed his entire concurrence. That they were both abundantly justified by the state of things actually produced by this favorite feature of the 1 Credit System,’ will be shown in the proper place. As to the wealth and prosperity which this system is represented to have poured forth upon the English nation—the i'act, (hat its operation has concentrated the whole proper ty in the kingdom into a few hands, while the mass of the population have been gradually reduced to a condition of poverty and depen dence, is wholly overlooked. But as a mat ter ol example to the free, prosperous, and independent citizens of the United States, this is by far the most important consequence of the ‘ Credit.System.’ That such has been the effect of its operation, we have only to refer our readers to a work of the highest authority— Marshall’s Statistics of the British Empire? Among the exhibits con tained in tbe seventh volume, may be found a statement, which elucidates this point more conclusively than could be done by any quantity of argumentative deduction. By a turns, it is shown that all the inhaoifaiUs of the three kingdoms amounting to twenty-four million three hundred and six thousand seven hundred and nineteen, are devoted to a con dition of laborious and unremitting exertion for their subsistence, excepting two hundred and seventy-five thousand two hundred and four individuals belonging to the higher clas ses—consisting of nobility, capitalists, bank ers &c. Os these exclusive favorites of the ‘ Credit System,’ one hundred and seventy nine thousands, nine hundred and eighty three, reside in England proper, five thous and two hundred and four, in Wales; twenty nine thousand two hundred and three, in Scotland; and sixty-one thousand five hun dred and fourteen, in Ireland. Taking the whole together, the result of the artificial state of things brought about by this system is, that nearly one hundred individuals have been brought down to a state of permanent servitude—we will not use the offensive term slavery—in order to maintain each of these nr.D'.'oductive consumers in affluence and splendor! The details for each county in the three kingdoms, are furnished in the vol ume in question, showing the number of per sons employed in agriculture, in each o! the handicraft trades, in manufactures &c. How well justified was John Taylor, of Caroline— one of the most sagacious of the great men ol’ Virginia, during her brightest era of in tellectual power, in declaring that the opera tion of the banking system must inevitab'y produce a more universal and degrading con dition of dependence, than the feudal system was ever able to effect! In bis masterly per formance, the ‘ Inquiry into the principles and policy of the Government of the United States,’ Mr. Taylor distinctly portrays the conflict, between the principles of the Credit System, and those upon which ti e vital in terests of the people of any free country are based. In precise accordance with his ex planations of these consequences, the popu lation of Great Britain and Ireland, are now reduced to a condition far more deplorable than the serfs of Poland and Russia, since the general diffusion of knowledge only serves to render the former sensible of their entan glement in the political spider’s web wound about them by the Credit System, and to convince them.that nothing short, of revolu tion can extricate them, by breaking at once these artificial restraints upon their means of comfort. Mr. Marshall has condensed the results of the Credit System of England, into a single sentence at the close of the introduc tory remarks, prefixed to the sixth volume ol his Work, published at the commencement of the present year. He observes that —* the progressively increasing privation and degra dation of a great portion of the population amid a progressive accumulation of capital; ascendency of money influence and conse quent display of luxury ; an unparalleled ex tension of mechanical power, and increased facilitv of intercourse; successive alternations of seeming prosperity and extreme depres sion; progressively increasing pauperism, and its concomitant crime; and threatened change of long established institutions —are all cir cumstances which call imperiously for the most profound consideration and regard of all the friends of social order and-antegrity of interests.’ lii full view of such a picture, drawn by a person of great ability and high character, who has devoted many years of his life io the collection and arrangement of the -facts to which it refers; we find in our principal ci ties, a voluble, hustling class of individuals, who constantly employ their powers of per suasion to convince the citizens of this free country, that the principles of currency and finance which have led to these results in the land of our origin, is of all others, best suited to ourselves. Their arguments generally remind us of La Fontaine’s fable of the Man and the wild Horse. The convenience and advantages of -riding, on the part of the for mer are sufficiently obvious; but these of be- ing ridden, are, to reflecting minds, not quite so satisfactory, however plausibly and in.re niously set forth. So much pains have been taken to satisfy the people of the Uniied States, that the p.i iicy ot England on the subject of currency, is based upon just and true principles, that it seems necessary to remind our readers of the source arid progress ofthe modern ‘Credit System.’ Sensible and judicious individuals are often led to adopt extravagant opinions from the want of sufficient materials for form ing general and consequential views. The various circumstances which have gradually brought about the corruption of the verv life blood, which nourishes the body of the'eom munity, under wfich England now labors, (and to produce t similar result, unwearied efforts have been made in our own country,) is not only deeplvtinteresting to every reflect ing mind, but a bjief narrative showing the principal stages by which this system has reached its present magnificence, will serve topYnlnin a.* ‘VMsdjtiuii Os English society developed by AS.-, nT~ uituinclV than any other course. All who are conversant with the History of England, are aware of the leading circum stances attending the most important occur rence which has befalled Iliat monarchy in modern times—the Revolution of 16SS. That great event established for the first time in England, the principle, that all government is a trust fur the benefit of the governed, who are not to be regarded, even in a hereditary monarchy, as the absolute property of the King. However this might conflict with the maxims of the fundamental laws, Somers, and the leading Whig statesmen of that day, overturned without ceremony, the doctrines that (lie King could do no wrong, and that the Royal authority descended by right of hereditary succession, by declaring James 11. to have forfeited the crown, and bestowing ihe Supreme Executive Authority upon Wil liam 111., a foreigner, who had married the eldest daughter of the dethroned Kiner. This transcendent invasion of the royal prerogative was imperiously demanded by the grossest measures of misgovernment, as well as the most clearly established designs, concerted by the King, with that personifica tion of arbitrary power Louis XlV.,againstthe permanent welfare of the people of England. So strong was the feeling throughout the nation against the measures of the King, that all ranks and parties acquiesced in his expulsion from the throne, though the con sequences of this step became subsequently the occasion of violent party dissentions. James sought refuge with his patron in France. The change of succession was the cause of protracted and most expensive wars with that power, based upon the identical pretexts with those between the two coun tries a century afterwards ; the difference being, that in the last instance,it was France, instead of England, which bad dethroned her monarch. This contest not only laid the foundation of the present Credit System of England, but was the immediate occasion of the exist ing condition of that of France, which is re garded with so much antipathy by Mr. Ca rey. The bulk of the English nation had acquiesced in the change of succession under the Act of Settlement. But the enormous fcY ruSnif&'u'nne’new offimii ViWgsVWdW.eu a very large proportion of the landholders, upon whom, at that period, the weight of taxation mainly fell, to consider the question in a different point of view from that in which it had been originally presented. For the purpose of avoiding the embarrassments which thickened noon the English ministry from this ominous quarter, they adopted va-‘ rious expedients for temporary relief. The principal mode of alleviating the clamors of the landholders who controlled both Houses of Parliament, against the increase of taxa tion, was the borrowing a great portion of the increased expenses, to carry on the war, upon annuities which Were to"he dis charged by the current, revenue.. Even tfje despotic government of Louis XIV., inde pendent as it was of any recourse to popular assemblies, was obliged to incur vast antici pations of its revenues, from the impossibility of providing by taxation for the current ex penditures of the war. During Ihe pecuniary difficulties in which the two governments of England and France were involved in different periods of the war, two Scotchmen presented themselves, cacti offering to tl est respective nations, a sove reign panacea for the relief of their most dis tressing malady—the want of money. There can be no doubt but William Patterson was the original projector of that ingenious sys tem. which oflate has been the theme of eu logy from so many eloquent individuals, as the greatest of human discoveries. The Scotch Darien Company, organised for the purpose of controlling the commerce of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans by a communi cation across the Isthmus, and which was the foundation of the famous South Sea scheme, and the Bank of England—both based upon the same general principles, and both de vised by Patterson, show that the world was indebted for the invention of the ‘ Credit System’ to him and not to John Law, who was twenty years hisjunor. This invention has immortalised the two distinguished finan ciers who carried into operation, in the re spective kingdoms of Great Britain and France, the great modern improvement bv which states and individuals are rendered more wealthy and prosperous wholly from the single fact of being plunged into debt and embarrassment. Like most appliances for the universal relief of corporal maladies, this great remedy is inoperative unless where un limited confidence is placed in its potency. — Whenever faith is implicit and universal, the powers of relief possessed by this system are marvellous indeed. Notwilhstanding the perplexities in which the English Ministry of the time were in volved, from the vast expenses of the war, they listened with great jealousy and caution I to the flattering pictures of ease and affluence | drawn by the glowing fancy of Patterson.! Both Somers and Godolphin, who were the soul of the measures for sustaining the Pro testant succession, were so deficient in con fidence, that not until one million two hun dred thousand pounds sterling, in cash, was actually paid into the Koval Treasury by him and his associates, would “they consent that the Bank of England should become a cor poration. This loan formed its original ca pital, which in the days of Walpole was in creased to neatly ten millions, under circum stances we shall have occasion to explain. The privileges conferred in the first instance on the hank, were exceedingly narrow, com pared with those with which it was after wards invested. Until the time of Walpole. the limitations upon its powers were en forced with such strictness, though it furnish er! from time to time considerable facilities in efiecting the anticipations which had already become an important part of the financial policy of England, that no immediate and palpable inconvenience then resulted from its operations to the public at large. If there fore gradually acquired the confidence of the mercantile community, and was thus by de- grees prepared to discharge the political functions which were afterwards devolved upon it. But the similar projectsTif John Law fell upon more congenial soil. They were soon adopted by the French government, upon a scale of magnificence greatly exceeding the schemes for making money plentiful, which, alter his pattern, have been devised in our own time and country. The Royal Bank of l’ ranee was established—the capital stock of which, like that of the Bank of England, and the first and second Banks of the United States, all resting upon the same general principles, was principally composed of the public debt. Paper currency was soon is sued in such abundance as to produce the highest state of prosperity throughout France. Money became such a drug, that the ordi nary rate ol interest was reduced to uvo per cent. ]>er annum. More than twelve hun dred new coaches were at once set up in Paris by individuals who had realised for tunes by tlie operations of the n>) *’■***“• *l*o V lICTTI x~c IVl'v) Uo Royal eiv.->ts were issued, ordering all receivers of the revenue to accept only its paper for the public taxes, and all individuals were ex pressly prohibited from making any payments of sums above a hundred livres (less than twenty dollars) in any currency excepting bills of the bank. Another measure was adopted for the purpose of preventing de mands upon the bank for coin, and for ex pelling specie from the kingdom, which surely ought to have reconciled Mr. Carey to the wisdom of French management, as it coin cides precisely with his views of the injurious effects of a specie currency. An edict was issued, prohibiting any other corporation or individual, under the penalty of ten thousand livres, from having gold or silver coin in pos session to a greater amount than five hun ered livres, (less than one hundred dollars.) When these measures had been adopted, the scenes witnessed in the Rue Ruinquem poix where the Royal Bank was located, rivalled in extravagance any which, within the two or three years past, have been ex hibited in Wall or Cbesnut street. A divi dend of forty per cent, was soon afterwards declared by the Iloval Bank, which still held reserved profits to an amount exceeding one hundred and Iwenty millions of livres. Its shares now rose to more than twenty times their original cost. For an adequate idea of the avidity which pervaded all classes of so ciety from the very highest to the lowest, for embarking in the Royal Bank, we must refer our readers to contemporary descriptions, which may be found in abundance in the me moirs of several distinguished individuals who flourished at that day. They likewise depict, in terms of execration sufficiently strong against its inventor, the universal ruin which overspread the kingdom when this scheme exploded. The operations of this hank, managed upon the identical principles taught by the Philadelphia school—some what tinged, perhaps, with the infatuation of which we have seen quite sufficient examples among ourselves under similar temptations, and which alwas accompanies such specula tions among sanguine people—are not only the main source of the want of credit and confidence in all paper currency which pre vails, up to the present day, among the peo rev censures 7""* °* France, which Mr. Ca general overthrow of all confidence and good faith, by means of the credit system, was un doubtedly the most powerful of any single cause in producing the French Revolution. The frauds and impositions which men had been enabled to practice upon each other, . were aggraved by the general belief of the wanton oppression of the government, re sulting from the practical identity of the Royal Treasury with the Koval Bank. The dis tress’a rising from calamities of any kind came therefore to he habitually attributed to the royal fiscal measures. Under the pressure of immediate want, the people of France did not stop to reflect how far circumstances, be yond the control of the King and his minis ters, might have produced the high price of bread which occasioned the tumults that brought on the outrages which overthrew the government. The people knew that prices had been extravagantly inflated by the connexion between the government and the Royal Bank—they accordingly attributed the famine, which rendered them desperate, to the measures of'the government. Popular jealousy had become so easily excited hv the oppressive consequences of this unfortunate connexion, that even the talents and integrity of such men as Turgot and Neckar wore wholly inadequate to satisfy the people as to the correct management of the public 1U nances. We should probably have felt some sur prise at the credulity and extravagance of any people, becoming frantic with rage against their rulers under such circumstances, if the censure to which onr own government has h-en fom time to time subject, from in dividuals of high character, had not suffl-’ ciently satisfied us, that the connexion of the public finances of any country with the ‘ Credit System,’ upon I.he Law and Patter son model, as was originally introduced among us by Robert Morris, must create violent expressions of popular feeling under the fluctuations it inevitably produces. The profils derived from the burdens imposed on the people are exclusively enjoyed bv the bank or banks —but the censure which justly belongs to their mismanagement, is a* a mat ter of course wholly thrown upon the go vernment. Accordingly the publication of Mr. Carey ascribes all the embarrassments with which our citizens in every walk of life have been visited within the last Ihree or four years, from the expansions and con tractions of the hanks, to the measures of the Exectrtive of the Union, Excepting in a single instance, tie does not undertake to ex plain the operation of these destructive mea sures—and his single specification can hardly be regarded as a fortunate one for his pur pose —since he has p'trhcd upon the importa tion of the foreign indemnities in gold. Now if” our memory serves, this importation was expressly desired by the claimants to whom the money belonged, in consequence of that mode of remittance affording them a grealer degree of profit than any other, as may bn seen by the correspondence published among the Democracts of the Senate at the last ses” sion. To charge this measure upon the Executive as an act of hostility to the mer cantile interest—nay as the principal and specific act of that kind which could be mus tered into ihe service on this great occasion —appears to be making an appeal to public credulity quite in character with the design of the publication. When the banks, last year, at once refused to discharge their obli gations, both lo the government, for the vast amounts of public money held by them, and to the community at large, this defiance of the laws, subversive of the highest interests of society, is justified by a pretended neces j si tv arising from the policy of the government! After the implicit, faith given to such pre texts bv individuals, who on most other sub jects do not seem to he destitute of judgment and intelligence, we can realize ihe stupend ous influence which the most absurd tales [NO. CO.